CN103901232B - A kind of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope utilizing the refrigeration of closed circuit refrigeration machine - Google Patents
A kind of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope utilizing the refrigeration of closed circuit refrigeration machine Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope utilizing the refrigeration of closed circuit refrigeration machine, comprising: closed circuit refrigeration machine system; Helium heat interchange gas refrigeration vibration isolation interface system; Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope scanner head system; Vacuum system; Vibration reduction platform; Scanning tunnel microscope control system.The scanning tunnel spectrum precision measurement of the low temperature ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopic aerial image that the atom level that the present invention can realize under the condition consumed without the need to liquid helium and employing Liquid helium cooling system is comparable is differentiated and high energy resolution.The application utilizing the technical scheme of closed circuit refrigeration also to can be used for other to need low temperature and low vibration environment provided by the invention, as other members of scanning probe microscopy family.Also large-scale alternating temperature can be realized by the feedback composition of heating element and temperature element.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to scanning probe microscopy field, being specifically related to a kind ofly utilize the refrigeration of closed circuit refrigeration machine without the need to consuming the low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope of liquid helium.
Technical background
Scanning tunnel microscope (ScanningTunnelingMicroscope, STM) be scanning probe microscopy (ScanningProbeMicroscope, SPM) Major Members in family, is invented in nineteen eighty-two by the people such as Binnig and Rohrer of Zurich, SUI IBM Corporation.Its principle of work make use of the electron tunneling effect in quantum mechanics.Specifically, the metal needle point infinite approach sharp-pointed when atom level is detected sample surfaces, until when only having the distance of a several or atom, if be detected an applying bias voltage between sample and metal needle point, electrons tunnelling in needle point or sample crosses vacuum barrier between the two, thus forms tunnelling current.Because the size of tunnelling current is with the exponentially formula decay of the distance between needle point and sample, metal needle point just can form the surface topography map of atom level resolution at the scanning probe of sample surfaces.Simultaneously, because tunnelling current also extremely depends on electronic state and the atomic structure of sample and needle point, also the local electronic state of sample or needle point, molecular vibration state or surface phonon state can be analyzed, the scanning tunnel spectrum (ScanningTunnelingSpectroscopy) that Here it is says usually by the change of measuring tunnelling current while changing the bias voltage between needle point and sample surfaces.Therefore, scanning tunnel microscope is searching surface pattern and the powerful tool studying electronics, atomic structure in Surface Science.
Because tunnelling current in scanning tunnel microscope reaches subatomic rank (generally right or following at 0.01 Izod) to the distance sensitivity between needle point and sample, the running environment of scanning tunnel microscope often needs the conditions such as ultrahigh vacuum, low temperature or pole low temperature.Ultra-high vacuum environment is realize and keep laboratory sample and the clean of needle point to provide safeguard.And cryogenic conditions can make the thermal drift difference between scanning tunnel microscope internal part greatly reduce, meet the requirement that instrument atom level is accurate and stable preferably; What is more important effectively can reduce the broadening caused by the Electron Heat temperature in sample and needle point, impels laboratory sample to present novel interesting low temperature physics phenomenon.Therefore, advanced high-end scanning tunnel microscope often all operates in low temperature/pole low temperature and ultra-high vacuum environment.
At present, low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope is mostly positioned in Dewar thermostat or continuous stream thermostat, adopts the latent heat of phase change of liquid refrigerants as liquid helium or liquid nitrogen to carry out refrigeration cooling.Liquid nitrogen phase transition temperature is at one atm 77K, is not enough to toward contact the low temperature requirements meeting experimental study.And the 4.2K phase transition temperature of liquid helium can satisfy the demands preferably, but its global resources are rare, and price is extremely expensive.In recent years, non-renewable due to helium resource, liquid helium price climbs up and up especially.Therefore, some Cryo Equipments start to adopt the refrigeration machine without the need to consuming liquid helium such as GM closed circuit refrigeration machine or vascular closed circuit refrigeration machine etc. to carry out refrigeration cooling one after another.But conventional closed circuit refrigeration facility have stronger mechanical vibration and noise.Also cannot simply adopt closed circuit refrigeration machine to lower the temperature to the instrument of vibration and noise-sensitive, scanning tunnel microscope just belongs to this class.For GM closed circuit refrigeration machine on market, placing the refrigeration head end vibration displacement of sample generally at 1 micron or more.And the range accuracy in scanning tunnel microscope between needle point and sample surfaces requires to control on the 0.01 Izod right side or following, this is in scanning tunnel microscope, use closed circuit refrigeration machine refrigeration cooling this without the need to using the mode of liquid helium to bring great challenge.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope utilizing the refrigeration of closed circuit refrigeration machine, it carries out refrigeration without the need to consuming liquid helium, there is atomic resolution, the problem of the mechanical vibration to solve about the micron order of closed circuit refrigeration machine or more, thus realize the scanning tunnel spectrum precision measurement of low temperature space imaging and high energy resolution.
A kind of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope utilizing the refrigeration of closed circuit refrigeration machine provided by the invention, comprising: comprise closed circuit refrigeration machine system, helium exchange gas refrigeration vibration isolation interface system, low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope scanner head system, vacuum system, vibration reduction platform and scanning tunnel microscope control system; Described vibration reduction platform is for isolating the vibration passing from ground and come; Described scanning tunnel microscope control system is used for inserting needle, the measurement of gated sweep head.
Described helium heat interchange gas refrigeration vibration isolation interface system comprises the refrigeration vibration isolation interface be connected on ultrahigh vacuum cavity, soft rubber and helium heat-exchange gas; The refrigeration head of described closed circuit refrigeration machine system stretches in refrigeration vibration isolation interface, fills helium heat-exchange gas as refrigeration cool-down medium between refrigeration head and refrigeration vibration isolation interface; Described soft rubber connects upper end and the refrigeration head at sealing refrigeration vibration isolation interface, can isolate the vibration of refrigeration head while its sealing helium exchange gas; Described low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope scanner head system comprises scanner head, spring, temperature element, heating element, temperature control system and inside and outside heat radiation screening cover; Described scanner head by spring hang on cold junction most with refrigeration vibration isolation interface be connected on heat radiation screening cover; Outer heat radiation screening covers on the outside of interior heat radiation screening cover, and outer heat radiation screening cover is also fixed on refrigeration vibration isolation interface.
In such scheme, helium heat interchange gas refrigeration vibration isolation interface system also comprises the air release, ball valve, reduction valve and the high-purity helium compressed gas that control helium heat interchange gas air pressure.
In such scheme, low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope scanner head system also comprises electric signal cable and the thermometric heating cable of scanning tunnel microscope.
In such scheme, vacuum system comprises ultrahigh vacuum cavity, also comprises the vacuum pump, vacuum gauge etc. that realize and maintain vacuum.
In such scheme, scanning tunnel microscope control system comprises preposition micro current amplifier, Z feedback control circuit, piezoelectric ceramics high pressure transport and placing device, analog-digital conversion data collector etc.
In such scheme, the internal heat shield that temperature element and heating element are arranged on low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope scanner head system covers above cover; Temperature element, heating element are connected with temperature control system, and temperature control system is by the temperature of FEEDBACK CONTROL scanner head.
In such scheme, described refrigeration vibration isolation interface adopts stainless steel and oxygenless copper material to process, can be mutually compatible with the heated baking condition realized required for ultra-high vacuum environment.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1. scheme of effectively having isolated the mechanical vibration of more than the micron order of refrigeration machine while utilizing the refrigeration of closed circuit refrigeration machine to lower the temperature provided by the invention solves the problem that Conventional cryogenic scanning tunnel microscope consumes reserves rareness, expensive liquid helium in a large number.This scheme cooling-down effect without the need to consuming liquid helium is suitable with use liquid helium system.
2. the scheme realizing the low vibration of low temperature under the condition without liquid helium consumption provided by the invention not only can realize the scanning tunnel microscope that atom level is differentiated, also may be used for the application that other need low temperature and low vibration environment, as other members of scanning probe microscopy family.
3. provided by the inventionly not only can run at low ambient temperatures, also can realize large-scale alternating temperature by the feedback composition of heating element and temperature element and measure utilizing the atom level of closed circuit refrigeration machine refrigeration to differentiate low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope.
4. the scheme realizing the low vibration of low temperature under the condition without liquid helium consumption provided by the invention also can realize ultra-high vacuum environment, the condition of heated baking can be needed mutually compatible with realizing ultra-high vacuum environment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the atom level of closed circuit refrigeration machine refrigeration that utilizes that the present invention proposes differentiates the structural representation of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope.
Fig. 2 is the assembly structural representation of closed circuit refrigeration mechanism cold head member in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, helium heat interchange gas refrigeration vibration isolation interface system and scanning tunnel microscope scanner head system.
Fig. 3 utilizes the preferred embodiment of the present invention at low temperature (20K) and ultrahigh vacuum (6 × 10
-11torr) Au(110 surveyed under condition) coronene (coronene) molecule of 2 × 1 reconstructing surfaces.
Number in the figure: 1-closed circuit refrigeration machine system; 2-helium heat interchange gas refrigeration vibration isolation interface system; 3-low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope scanner head system; 4-ultrahigh vacuum cavity; 5-vibration reduction platform; 6-scanning tunnel microscope control system; 7-freezes head; 8-bracing frame; 9-soft rubber; 10-refrigeration vibration isolation interface; 11-temperature element and heating element; 12-spring; 13-scanner head; Heat radiation screening cover in 14-; The outer heat radiation screening cover of 15-; 16-helium heat interchange gas; 17-vacuum pump; 18-helium compressor; 19-helium tube; 20-temperature control system; The high-purity helium compressed gas of 21-.
Embodiment
In order to make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly understand, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope nearly all at present all uses Dewar thermostat based on liquid helium or the refrigeration of continuous stream thermostat.This liquid helium amount making system cloud gray model need to consume is considerable, and operating cost is high.Obtain the low temperature comparable with liquid helium refrigeration system and do not use liquid helium, effective way is the cooling method adopting closed circuit refrigeration machine.But closed circuit refrigeration facility have stronger mechanical vibration and noise, which has limited the application of closed circuit refrigeration machine in the low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope field of Atomic Resolution.
Figure 1 shows that the structural representation utilizing the atom level of closed circuit refrigeration machine refrigeration to differentiate low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope system provided by the invention.It is the assembly structural representation of closed circuit refrigeration mechanism cold head member, helium heat interchange gas refrigeration vibration isolation interface system and scanning tunnel microscope scanner head system shown in Fig. 2.
In order to closed circuit refrigeration machine is applied in the low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope of Atomic Resolution, apparatus of the present invention comprise: for obtaining the closed circuit refrigeration machine system 1 of low temperature; For the helium heat interchange gas refrigeration vibration isolation interface system 2 of isolating vibration refrigeration is lowered the temperature while; Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope scanner head system 3; Vacuum system; Vibration reduction platform 5 and scanning tunnel microscope control system 6; Wherein:
Closed circuit refrigeration machine system 1 comprises the bracing frame 8 of refrigeration 7, helium compressor 18, refrigeration 7 and helium tube 19, service cable, water cooling unit and fixing refrigeration 7.The type of closed circuit refrigeration machine comprises G-M circulating refrigerator, vascular refrigerator and the improvement refrigeration machine based on these principles.The refrigeration work consumption of closed circuit refrigeration machine and minimum temperature can look actual needs configuration.General minimum temperature can reach 4.2K even below.
Helium heat interchange gas refrigeration vibration isolation interface system 2 comprises the refrigeration vibration isolation interface 10 be arranged on ultrahigh vacuum cavity 4, connect refrigeration 7 and refrigeration vibration isolation interface 10 for sealing helium heat interchange gas 16, the air release controlling helium heat interchange gas 16 air pressure, ball valve, reduction valve and the high-purity helium compressed gas 21 between the soft rubber 9 of vibration isolation, refrigeration vibration isolation interface 10 and refrigeration 7.
Helium heat interchange gas 16 in helium heat interchange gas refrigeration vibration isolation interface system 2 may have a certain amount of gas liquid to change into liquid helium according to the refrigerating capacity size of closed circuit refrigeration machine system 1.The performance of the generation of liquid helium not influential system isolation refrigeration machine vibration; With regard to refrigeration cooling, effect is better on the contrary.
The electric signal cable of the interior heat radiation screening cover 14 that low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope scanner head system 3 comprises scanner head 13, be fastenedly connected with refrigeration vibration isolation interface 10 and outer heat radiation screening cover 15, the spring 12 hanging scanner head 13, scanning tunnel microscope, temperature element and heating element 11, temperature control system 20 and cable.Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope scanner head 13 by spring 12 hang on to contact with the most cold junction in refrigeration vibration isolation interface 10 on heat radiation screening cover 14.Outer heat radiation screening cover 15 is in the outside of interior heat radiation screening cover 14, and outer heat radiation screening cover 15 is also fixed on refrigeration vibration isolation interface 10.Cover above cover 14 at internal heat shield and temperature element and heating element 11 are installed.Temperature element is connected with temperature control system 20 with heating element 11, and temperature control system 20 is by the temperature of FEEDBACK CONTROL scanner head 13.The operation such as inserting needle, scanning of scanning tunnel microscope control system 6 gated sweep 13.
Vacuum system comprises ultrahigh vacuum cavity 4 and vacuum pump 20.
Adopt helium heat interchange gas 16 as the refrigeration cooling medium in refrigeration in closed circuit refrigeration machine system 17 and low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope scanner head system 3 between scanner head 13, soft rubber 9 for being tightly connected being set between refrigeration vibration isolation interface 10 and refrigeration 7, while its sealing helium exchange gas 16, also effectively having isolated the mechanical vibration of more than the micron order of refrigeration 7.
Vibration reduction platform 5 is used for isolating and passes the vibration of coming from ground.Utilize and provided by the inventionly utilize the atom level of closed circuit refrigeration machine refrigeration to differentiate low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope to test Au(110) pattern of coronene (coronene) molecule of 2 × 1 reconstructing surfaces, as shown in Figure 3.Can see, utilize the present invention, can Au(110 be obtained) surface 2 × 1 reconstruct.This illustrates the ability without liquid helium low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope with the searching surface pattern that atom level is differentiated provided by the invention, can be widely used in the research of Surface Science.
Above-described specific embodiment; further detailed description has been done to object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect; be understood that; the foregoing is only specific embodiments of the invention; be not limited to the present invention; every within the present invention's spirit and principle, any amendment made, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. utilize a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope for closed circuit refrigeration machine refrigeration, it is characterized in that: it comprises closed circuit refrigeration machine system, helium heat interchange gas refrigeration vibration isolation interface system, low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope scanner head system, vacuum system, vibration reduction platform and scanning tunnel microscope control system; Described vibration reduction platform is for isolating the vibration passing from ground and come; Described scanning tunnel microscope control system is used for inserting needle, the measurement of gated sweep head;
Described helium heat interchange gas refrigeration vibration isolation interface system comprises the refrigeration vibration isolation interface be connected on ultrahigh vacuum cavity, soft rubber and helium heat-exchange gas; The refrigeration head of described closed circuit refrigeration machine system stretches in refrigeration vibration isolation interface, fills helium heat-exchange gas as refrigeration cool-down medium between refrigeration head and refrigeration vibration isolation interface; Described soft rubber connects upper end and the refrigeration head at sealing refrigeration vibration isolation interface, can isolate the vibration of refrigeration head while its sealing helium exchange gas; Described low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope scanner head system comprises scanner head, spring, temperature element, heating element, temperature control system and inside and outside heat radiation screening cover; Described scanner head by spring hang on cold junction most with refrigeration vibration isolation interface be connected on heat radiation screening cover; Outer heat radiation screening covers on the outside of interior heat radiation screening cover, and outer heat radiation screening cover is also fixed on refrigeration vibration isolation interface.
2. low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described temperature element and heating element are arranged on above the interior heat radiation screening cover of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope scanner head system; Temperature element, heating element are connected with temperature control system, and temperature control system is by the temperature of FEEDBACK CONTROL scanner head.
3. the low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope according to right 1, is characterized in that; Described refrigeration vibration isolation interface adopts stainless steel and oxygenless copper material to process.
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