CN103900826B - The method of Real-Time Monitoring automobile chassis structures fatigue damage - Google Patents
The method of Real-Time Monitoring automobile chassis structures fatigue damage Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method of Real-Time Monitoring automobile chassis structures fatigue damage, comprise the following steps: A, based on the operation mode of parts finite element model and EVOLUTION ANALYSIS thereof, comprise: a1, set up finite element model, reconstruct boundary condition, a2, crackle modeling, a3, operational modal analysis and damage influence analysis; B, towards the strain measurement of operational modal analysis and signal transacting, to comprise: the layout of b1, foil gauge, b2, complete vehicle test and data acquisition, b3, signal transacting; C, strain operational modal analysis and damage, comprising: c1, strain odal parameter recognition, the confirmation of c2, dangerous position, signature analysis and damage.The present invention by carrying out model analysis and detection to the automotive chassis components under duty, to realize the Real-Time Monitoring to components damage situation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to automobile component structure damage monitoring method, be specifically related to a kind of method of Real-Time Monitoring automobile chassis structures fatigue damage.
Background technology
In order to monitor, estimating the fatigue lifetime of automotive chassis components structure, way is so far the strain of test constantly, record chassis member key position in the endurancing based on sample car in kind, is calculated the stress level of corresponding position by off-line data process.Generally also need to determine whether to crack by visual observations, auxiliary level of vibration and the frequency bandwidth range arranging a small amount of acceleration transducer monitoring component in test.
Existing automotive chassis components monitoring method fatigue lifetime can obtain result accurately, but there is the shortcoming that cost is high, the cycle is long.Only can obtain fatigue lifetime accurately after structure is destroyed completely, the process of crack initiation time and development thereof can not be obtained, also cannot estimate the fatigue lifetime of structure.In addition, only paste foil gauge at potential danger position, be difficult to obtain complete component vibration information.Acceleration transducer cost is high, additional mass large, be not suitable for a large amount of layout, all the more so to thin-walled workpiece.
In the lab often applied acceleration sensor measure be concerned about the natural vibration characteristic of parts under freedom-free state, i.e. free-running frequency and the vibration shape.There is larger difference in the modal parameter under this state and the modal parameter of parts under real vehicle state.
The existing method measuring body distortion based on CAE, disclosed in CN103017722A " a kind of method of the head-on crash simulated measurement body distortion amount based on CAE ", after body structure Modling model, based on the point that body tail longitudinal floor beam chooses non-deforming region, create the buckstay unit in three directions, at front surrounding baffle, A post, IP crossbeam and steering column choose some measuring target point respectively, three-dimensional spring unit is set between measuring target point and the initial point of beam element, need to load impact conditions according to test and carry out collision simulation, the each to deflection of three-dimensional spring unit is exported to each measuring target point of collision rear mold type.The present invention can utilize the deflection of surrounding baffle, A post, IP crossbeam and steering column before computer simulation collision rift, and whether assessment body structure meets design requirement, and reduces the experimentation cost in Car design process.
Also the method for carrying out non-destructive tests is had in prior art, as CN101281117B discloses " a kind of wide span rail traffic bridge damnification recognition method ", step is as follows: 1. sensor installation on bridge to be detected, the dynamic response signal of Longspan Bridge under the excitation of measurement when rail vehicle passes through, the signal on sensor is read into computing machine; 2. benchmark bridge numerical model and the rail vehicle numerical model of detected bridge is set up.3. the coupling dynamic analysis system that forms of initialization benchmark bridge numerical model and rail vehicle numerical model, explicit integral is adopted to solve this system, the installation site of control sensor, reads the simulation dynamic response signal of benchmark bridge numerical model in relevant position.4. solve by multi-scale wavelet bag analytical approach the energy spectrum that dynamic response signal that bridge monitoring obtains and numerical simulation calculate the simulation dynamic response signal of attaining the Way, and distinguishing indexes carries out non-destructive tests, but the method is not suitable for the monitoring of automobile chassis structures fatigue damage.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method of Real-Time Monitoring automobile chassis structures fatigue damage, by carrying out model analysis and detection to the automotive chassis components under duty, to realize the Real-Time Monitoring to components damage situation.
The method of Real-Time Monitoring automobile chassis structures fatigue damage of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
A, based on the operation mode of parts finite element model and EVOLUTION ANALYSIS thereof
A1, set up finite element model, reconstruct boundary condition: set up the finite element model will studying parts based on CAE technology, and apply the correctness of the Appendage mode test findings Knowledge Verification Model under freedom-free boundary condition, then by dynamic analysis, consider the constraint in structural system and stressed relation simultaneously, build accurately reflection the parts lower and interactional boundary condition of adjacent component in working order;
A2, crackle modeling: by Orthogonal Experiment and Design determination numerical procedure, at the key of parts or the crackle of interested position introducing different scale, for each or often organize the finite element model that crackle application effective material parameters or extended finite element method upgrade described step a1 foundation, to reflect the impact of crackle on parts;
A3, operational modal analysis and damage influence analysis: the finite element model set up based on described step a1 and described step a2, obtain flawless by model analysis and comprise operation mode and the frequency thereof of different scale crackle condition lower component, and setting up crack-type and the crackle yardstick affecting laws to the operation mode vibration shape and frequency;
B, towards the strain measurement of operational modal analysis and signal transacting
The layout of b1, foil gauge: according to parts low order vibration characteristics, and in conjunction with the operational modal analysis result that described step a3 obtains, determine stress monitoring point and direction, described stress monitoring point arranges foil gauge;
B2, complete vehicle test and data acquisition: in conjunction with vehicle road test/endurancing, Real-time Collection structure descends the strain data of each stress monitoring point in working order;
B3, signal transacting: zero correction, cancellation trend term, abnormal value elimination and filtering process are carried out to strain data measured by described step b2;
C, strain operational modal analysis and damage
C1, strain odal parameter recognition: application measures and treated strain data, obtained by the strain frequency response function of geodesic structure by spectrum analysis, then adopt time domain or frequency domain algorithm to obtain the natural frequency of structure, damping ratio and strain mode and displacement modes;
The confirmation of c2, dangerous position, signature analysis and damage: the model function of vibration investigating strain mode, the dangerous position of the position determining component of undergoing mutation according to it, in conjunction with selected dangerous position, investigate each rank strain mode and frequency thereof, vibration characteristics corresponding to not damaged structure contrasts, based on strain mode difference or Modal Correlation definition evaluation index, analyze each position vibration characteristics with actual road test/endurancing time/variation characteristic of mileage, and Real time displaying level of damage, then reported to the police when level of damage exceedes pre-sizing.
The method of Real-Time Monitoring automobile chassis structures fatigue damage of the present invention:
(1) operation mode and EVOLUTION ANALYSIS thereof disclose the impact of damage on arrangement works characteristics of mode, for damage provides theoretical foundation, strain measurement and signal transacting provide basic data for straining operational modal analysis, strain operational modal analysis, provide the strain mode information that structure is real-time, realize damage together with the theoretical foundation that operation mode and EVOLUTION ANALYSIS thereof provide;
(2) modal information of institute's research structure under actual operating conditions is adopted, instead of the modal information under free state, characterize impact and the change thereof of institute's research structure damage;
(3) operation mode of the finite element model computation structure of structure based itself instead of car load;
(4) in real vehicle endurancing process, not the strain measuring a few locations, but measure the strain of a large amount of position, both the stress level of main positions can be calculated, identify the operation mode of structure for the later stage yet;
(5) based on surveying the strain information obtained in real vehicle endurancing, identify structure strain mode under running conditions, namely operation mode is strained, application institute identifies the strain operation mode that obtains with reflect structure running the operation mode characteristic after different time, to carry out online or off-line is diagnosed with this to the level of damage of structure.
In sum, the present invention, in conjunction with real vehicle endurancing, dynamically monitors damage status and the evolutionary process thereof of automotive chassis components, so that in time and judge that institute is concerned about position and the degree of injury of the fatigue damage generation of parts exactly.In view of foil gauge is cheap, the present invention increases endurancing cost hardly.For concrete vehicle chassis component, crack-type, the yardstick affecting laws system to operation mode frequency and the vibration shape precalculates and obtains, and the present invention can on-line implement, and the effective monitoring not needing additional configuration professional can realize parts fatigue damage.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is process flow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Now by reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in further detail:
As shown in Figure 1, the method for described Real-Time Monitoring automobile chassis structures fatigue damage, comprises the following steps:
A, based on the operation mode of parts finite element model and EVOLUTION ANALYSIS thereof:
A1, set up finite element model, reconstruct boundary condition: set up the finite element model will studying parts based on CAE technology, and apply the correctness of the Appendage mode test findings Knowledge Verification Model under freedom-free boundary condition, then by dynamic analysis, consider the constraint in structural system and stressed relation simultaneously, build accurately reflection the parts lower and interactional boundary condition of adjacent component in working order.
A2, crackle modeling: by Orthogonal Experiment and Design determination numerical procedure, at the key of parts or the crackle of interested position introducing different scale, for each or often organize the finite element model that crackle application effective material parameters or extended finite element method upgrade described step a1 foundation, to reflect the impact of crackle on parts.
A3, operational modal analysis and damage influence analysis: the finite element model set up based on described step a1 and described step a2, obtain flawless by model analysis and comprise operation mode and the frequency thereof of different scale crackle condition lower component, and setting up crack-type and the crackle yardstick affecting laws to the operation mode vibration shape and frequency.
Basis of the present invention and towards the strain measurement of operational modal analysis and the foundation of signal transacting based on the operation mode of parts finite element model and EVOLUTION ANALYSIS thereof.It is by dynamic analysis tectonic model constraint condition, simulation component stress operationally, set up flawless or comprise the parts finite element model of different scale crackle, calculate its operation mode frequency and the vibration shape, analyze and clear and definite crack-type, yardstick to the affecting laws of operation mode frequency and the vibration shape.It is characterized in that only for component modeling, the key of component modeling is the structure of constraint condition.Existing method is selected in operational modal analysis and crackle modeling.The foil gauge be used to guide in real vehicle endurancing is arranged by the operation mode vibration shape under the flawless state obtained.The crack-type established, yardstick, to the affecting laws of operation mode frequency and the vibration shape, are follow-up theoretical foundations of carrying out structure damage monitoring in actual road test.
B, towards the strain measurement of operational modal analysis and signal transacting
B1, foil gauge are arranged: according to parts low order vibration characteristics, and in conjunction with the operational modal analysis result that described step a3 obtains, determine stress monitoring point and direction, described stress monitoring point arranges foil gauge.
B2, complete vehicle test and data acquisition: in conjunction with vehicle road test/endurancing, Real-time Collection structure descends the strain data of each stress monitoring point in working order, for long endurancing, each signalling channel be made regular check on whether effective, and fix a breakdown in time.
B3, signal transacting: carry out data prediction to strain data measured by described step b2, this data prediction comprises zero correction, cancellation trend term, abnormal value elimination and filtering, data prediction according to actual conditions or need can online or off-line carry out.
Be core content of the present invention towards the strain measurement of operational modal analysis and signal transacting, first strain mode measurement be used in during vehicle structure operation mode measures.The operation mode vibration shape that it obtains based on the analysis of flawless component working modal calculation, in real vehicle endurancing, design new testing scheme to arrange that foil gauge is [in practical measurement process, a small amount of acceleration transducer (such as: accelerometer) is furnished with according to requirement of engineering, whether the strain data being used for monitoring foil gauge collection is accurate], carry out real vehicle endurancing, measure strain data, pre-service is carried out to recorded data, guarantees the reliability of data.By the overall vibration information in process of the test of strain measurement obtaining parts and dynamic stress.Real vehicle endurancing can be vehicle road test, also can be the test of train experiment room, will be used for the calculating of follow-up stress state, operational modal parameter identification and breakdown diagnosis through pretreated experimental data.
C, strain operational modal analysis and damage
C1, strain odal parameter recognition: application measures and treated strain data, obtained by the strain frequency response function of geodesic structure by spectrum analysis, then adopt time domain modal identification algorithm (or frequency domain algorithm: such as: Stochastic subspace identification method, multiple characteristic exponent method, least square multifrequency domain method) to obtain the natural frequency of structure, damping ratio and strain mode and displacement modes.
The confirmation of c2, dangerous position, signature analysis and damage: the model function of vibration investigating strain mode, the dangerous position of the position determining component of undergoing mutation according to it, in conjunction with selected dangerous position, investigate each rank strain mode and frequency thereof, vibration characteristics corresponding to not damaged structure contrasts, based on strain mode difference or Modal Correlation definition evaluation index, analyze each position vibration characteristics with actual road test/endurancing time/variation characteristic of mileage, and Real time displaying level of damage, then reported to the police when level of damage exceedes pre-sizing.
Strain operational modal analysis and damage are engineering applications of the present invention, and its application is through pretreated experimental data, and the operation mode frequency of identification structure and the vibration shape, judge the dangerous position of structure and calculate the stress state of dangerous position.According to the change of model frequency and the vibration shape, stress state, in conjunction with established crack-type, yardstick to the affecting laws of operation mode frequency and the vibration shape, monitoring of structures Fatigue Damage States and Evolution thereof.It is characterized in that comprehensively straining the dangerous position of operational modal analysis and stress state determining means and the change procedure of stress state thereof, thus realize the dynamic monitoring to On Damage State.
Claims (1)
1. a method for Real-Time Monitoring automobile chassis structures fatigue damage, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
A, based on the operation mode of parts finite element model and EVOLUTION ANALYSIS thereof
A1, set up finite element model, reconstruct boundary condition: set up the finite element model will studying parts based on CAE technology, and apply the correctness of the Appendage mode test findings Knowledge Verification Model under freedom-free boundary condition, then by dynamic analysis, consider the constraint in structural system and stressed relation simultaneously, build accurately reflection the parts lower and interactional boundary condition of adjacent component in working order;
A2, crackle modeling: by Orthogonal Experiment and Design determination numerical procedure, at the key of parts or the crackle of interested position introducing different scale, for each or often organize the finite element model that crackle application effective material parameters or extended finite element method upgrade described step a1 foundation, to reflect the impact of crackle on parts;
A3, operational modal analysis and damage influence analysis: the finite element model set up based on described step a1 and described step a2, obtain flawless by model analysis and comprise operation mode and the frequency thereof of different scale crackle condition lower component, and setting up crack-type and the crackle yardstick affecting laws to the operation mode vibration shape and frequency;
B, towards the strain measurement of operational modal analysis and signal transacting
The layout of b1, foil gauge: according to parts low order vibration characteristics, and in conjunction with the operational modal analysis result that described step a3 obtains, determine stress monitoring point and direction, described stress monitoring point arranges foil gauge;
B2, complete vehicle test and data acquisition: in conjunction with vehicle road test/endurancing, Real-time Collection structure descends the strain data of each stress monitoring point in working order;
B3, signal transacting: zero correction, cancellation trend term, abnormal value elimination and filtering process are carried out to strain data measured by described step b2;
C, strain operational modal analysis and damage
C1, strain odal parameter recognition: application measures and treated strain data, obtained by the strain frequency response function of geodesic structure by spectrum analysis, then adopt time domain or frequency domain algorithm to obtain the natural frequency of structure, damping ratio and strain mode and displacement modes;
The confirmation of c2, dangerous position, signature analysis and damage: the model function of vibration investigating strain mode, the dangerous position of the position determining component of undergoing mutation according to it, in conjunction with selected dangerous position, investigate each rank strain mode and frequency thereof, vibration characteristics corresponding to not damaged structure contrasts, based on strain mode difference or Modal Correlation definition evaluation index, analyze each position vibration characteristics with actual road test/endurancing time/variation characteristic of mileage, and Real time displaying level of damage, then reported to the police when level of damage exceedes pre-sizing.
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| CN104239734A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2014-12-24 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | Load analysis method for four-wheel six-component road spectrum of finished automobile |
| CN104502450B (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2018-03-13 | 南京航空航天大学 | Simple pipeline mount stress recognition methods |
| CN105320812A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2016-02-10 | 华晨汽车集团控股有限公司 | Method for detecting tie-in strip and expansion adhesive materials in CAE pedestrian protection head collision |
| CN108229029A (en) * | 2018-01-05 | 2018-06-29 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Semi-submersible offshore platform structure safety monitoring point choosing method |
| CN110633478B (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2023-08-18 | 江铃汽车股份有限公司 | Method and system for acquiring service life of strong closing of automobile door |
| US11361599B2 (en) | 2018-08-23 | 2022-06-14 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Vehicle damage detection |
| CN110108400A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-08-09 | 福建省威盛机械发展有限公司 | Stress real-time monitoring system and its control method applied to forklift truck body structure |
| CN113361057B (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2022-05-20 | 株洲中车时代电气股份有限公司 | Method for constructing life prediction model of converter cabinet body component and life prediction method |
| CN111737848A (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2020-10-02 | 南京航空航天大学 | Hoisting machinery main beam structure crack identification method based on time domain strain signal decomposition |
| CN111855817B (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2021-10-26 | 西北工业大学 | Method for cooperatively detecting fatigue crack by cloud edge end of complex structural member |
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| CN101281117B (en) * | 2008-05-29 | 2010-06-02 | 上海交通大学 | Wide span rail traffic bridge damnification recognition method |
| CN101393079B (en) * | 2008-11-06 | 2011-02-02 | 上海交通大学 | Automobile vehicle body structure fatigue life predicting system |
| US9103741B2 (en) * | 2010-08-27 | 2015-08-11 | General Electric Company | Methods and systems for assessing residual life of turbomachine airfoils |
| CN103293006B (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2016-12-07 | 淮阴工学院 | A kind of method for determining agitator truck load spectrum of auxiliary frame |
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