CN103900755B - A device and method for measuring oil-gas minimum miscibility pressure using CT - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种应用CT测量油气最小混相压力的装置与方法，属于石油开采工程技术领域。该装置包括CT扫描系统和油气混相系统：CT扫描系统包括通用型X射线CT扫描装置与数据处理计算机；油气混相系统包括高压容器、注气泵、气瓶、控温装置、真空泵、压力传感器和温度传感器，高压容器放置于CT扫描装置内部，高压容器的入口通过注气泵与气瓶相连，出口连接真空泵和排气针阀。测定时，首先利用CT扫描获得不同注气压力下油气混合物的CT图像，通过处理后分别得到油相和气相随压力变化的密度值，确定油与气密度差值曲线与压力轴的交点，得到油气的最小混相压力。该方法为轻质烃和CO2三次采油的地下多相多组分运移规律分析提供基础物性数据。
The invention relates to a device and a method for measuring the minimum miscible pressure of oil and gas by using CT, belonging to the technical field of petroleum exploitation engineering. The device includes a CT scanning system and an oil-gas mixing system: the CT scanning system includes a general-purpose X-ray CT scanning device and a data processing computer; the oil-gas mixing system includes a high-pressure container, an air injection pump, a gas cylinder, a temperature control device, a vacuum pump, a pressure sensor and a temperature The sensor and the high-pressure container are placed inside the CT scanning device, the inlet of the high-pressure container is connected to the gas cylinder through the gas injection pump, and the outlet is connected to the vacuum pump and the exhaust needle valve. During the measurement, CT scanning is used to obtain the CT images of the oil-gas mixture under different gas injection pressures, and the density values of the oil phase and the gas phase are respectively obtained after processing, and the intersection point of the oil-gas density difference curve and the pressure axis is determined to obtain The minimum miscibility pressure of oil and gas. This method provides basic physical property data for the analysis of underground multiphase and multicomponent migration laws of light hydrocarbons and CO 2 tertiary oil recovery.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种应用CT测量油气最小混相压力的装置和方法，属于石油开采工程技术领域。The invention relates to a device and method for measuring the minimum miscible pressure of oil and gas by applying CT, and belongs to the technical field of petroleum exploitation engineering.
背景技术Background technique
在一定温度下注入流体（通常为轻质烃类或N2、CO2等）和给定的油系统间达到混相状态所需要的最低压力称为最小混相压力（Minimum Miscibility Pressure,MMP），是确定油与排驱气体能否达到完全混相的一个非常重要的物理量，对于注气提高原油采收率、混相非混相驱替评估、采油的经济性设计以及有效埋存温室气体等工程研究具有重要指导意义。The minimum pressure required to achieve a miscible state between the injected fluid (usually light hydrocarbons or N 2 , CO 2 , etc.) and a given oil system at a certain temperature is called the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP), which is It is a very important physical quantity to determine whether oil and displacement gas can be completely miscible. It is of great importance for engineering research such as gas injection to enhance oil recovery, evaluation of miscible and immiscible displacement, economical design of oil recovery, and effective storage of greenhouse gases. Guiding significance.
MMP的实验测量方法主要包括细管法、升泡仪法、界面张力消失法等。细管法是最早也是工程中应用最多的实验确定方法，该方法已发展为工程中的标准方法，但是其测量过程复杂，耗时长，经济性差，且对于混相的判断标准不统一；升泡仪法装置简单、经济性好，且更快捷，但是该方法以气泡形态的改变作为MMP的非量化判据，误差较大、缺乏定量信息，在混相的解释上有一定的主观性，使得实验结果存在不确定性；近年新发展起来的界面张力消失法利用油气混相时界面张力消失为零的特征，通过测量油气的界面张力随压力变化曲线来判断最小混相压力点，该方法仅关注于界面张力这一单一物理量，并且需要大量标准复杂气液系统的检验，仍存在一定的局限性。The experimental measurement methods of MMP mainly include thin tube method, bubble riser method, interfacial tension disappearance method and so on. The narrow tube method is the earliest and most widely used experimental determination method in engineering. This method has developed into a standard method in engineering, but its measurement process is complicated, time-consuming, poor in economy, and the judgment standard for miscibility is not uniform; The method is simple, economical, and faster, but this method uses the change of bubble shape as the non-quantitative criterion of MMP, which has large errors and lacks quantitative information. There is a certain degree of subjectivity in the interpretation of miscibility, which makes the experimental results There are uncertainties; the interfacial tension disappearance method newly developed in recent years uses the characteristic that the interfacial tension disappears to zero when oil and gas are mixed, and judges the minimum miscible pressure point by measuring the interfacial tension of oil and gas with pressure. This method only focuses on interfacial tension This single physical quantity, and the inspection of a large number of standard and complex gas-liquid systems, still has certain limitations.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明旨在克服上述现有技术中存在的问题，开发一种应用CT测量油气最小混相压力的装置和方法。The present invention aims to overcome the problems in the above-mentioned prior art and develop a device and method for measuring the minimum miscible pressure of oil and gas using CT.
该方法首先将高压容器控制为恒温，利用CT扫描成像技术获得不同注气压力下高压容器内油与气混合物的CT图像，处理后得到成像视野内气液两相中油相和气相在一定温度下随压力变化的密度值，然后拟合出随压力变化油与气密度差值与压力的指数关系曲线，通过确定该曲线与压力轴的交点得到油气两相发生混相时气液两相中密度相等的最小压力点，该点对应的压力即为油气的最小混相压力。该方法可确定不同温度下油气在PVT系统和多孔介质内的最小混相压力，增进对油气的气液两相平衡规律的认识，为轻质烃和CO2三次采油的地下多相多组分运移规律分析提供基础物性数据。In this method, the high-pressure vessel is controlled at a constant temperature, and CT scanning imaging technology is used to obtain CT images of the oil-gas mixture in the high-pressure vessel under different gas injection pressures. Density value that changes with pressure, and then fit the exponential relationship curve between the difference between oil and gas density and pressure with pressure, and determine the intersection point of the curve and the pressure axis to obtain that the gas-liquid two-phase medium density is equal when the oil-gas two-phase is miscible The minimum pressure point of , the pressure corresponding to this point is the minimum miscible pressure of oil and gas. This method can determine the minimum miscibility pressure of oil and gas in PVT system and porous media at different temperatures, and improve the understanding of the gas-liquid two-phase equilibrium law of oil and gas, which is useful for underground multi-phase and multi-component transportation of light hydrocarbons and CO 2 tertiary oil recovery. The basic physical property data is provided by the analysis of shifting law.
本发明的技术方案是：Technical scheme of the present invention is:
一种应用CT测量油气最小混相压力的装置，包括CT扫描系统和油气混相系统。CT扫描系统包括通用型X射线CT扫描装置与数据处理计算机；油气混相系统包括高压容器、注气泵、气瓶、控温装置、真空泵、压力传感器和温度传感器，其中高压容器放置于CT扫描装置内部，高压容器的入口通过注气泵与气瓶相连，出口连接真空泵和排气针阀；高压容器用温控装置来控制温度，采用精密压力传感器测量高压容器内的压力，采用精密温度传感器测量高压容器内温度。A device for measuring the minimum miscible pressure of oil and gas using CT, including a CT scanning system and an oil and gas miscible system. The CT scanning system includes a general-purpose X-ray CT scanning device and a data processing computer; the oil-gas mixed-phase system includes a high-pressure container, an air injection pump, a gas cylinder, a temperature control device, a vacuum pump, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, and the high-pressure container is placed inside the CT scanning device , the inlet of the high-pressure container is connected to the gas cylinder through the gas injection pump, and the outlet is connected to the vacuum pump and the exhaust needle valve; the temperature of the high-pressure container is controlled by a temperature control device, and the pressure in the high-pressure container is measured by a precision pressure sensor, and the pressure of the high-pressure container is measured by a precision temperature sensor. internal temperature.
应用上述装置测量油气最小混相压力的方法包括以下步骤：The method for measuring the minimum miscible pressure of oil and gas by using the above-mentioned device comprises the following steps:
（1）向高压容器内装入一定量的待测油样，再将高压容器放入CT扫描装置内部。(1) Put a certain amount of oil sample to be tested into the high-pressure container, and then put the high-pressure container into the CT scanning device.
（2）连接好管路，打开第二针阀、第三针阀，开启真空泵，抽真空30分钟后停止，关闭第二针阀、第三针阀，开启控温装置对高压容器进行控温。(2) Connect the pipeline, open the second needle valve and the third needle valve, turn on the vacuum pump, stop after 30 minutes of vacuuming, close the second needle valve and the third needle valve, and turn on the temperature control device to control the temperature of the high-pressure container .
（3）打开气瓶和第一针阀，向注入泵中充入气体后，关闭第一针阀。(3) Open the gas cylinder and the first needle valve, fill the injection pump with gas, and then close the first needle valve.
（4）打开第二针阀，利用注入泵向高压容器内充入工作气体，同时利用注入泵调节高压容器内油气系统压力至0.1MPa，并保持恒压直至油气系统稳定，然后关闭第二针阀；利用温度传感器记录温度，利用压力传感器记录压力，利用CT扫描装置对油气系统稳定后高压容器内部两相分布进行可视化扫描。利用数据采集处理计算机得到油气两相密度分布的CT图像；(4) Open the second needle valve, use the injection pump to fill the high-pressure container with working gas, and at the same time use the injection pump to adjust the pressure of the oil-gas system in the high-pressure container to 0.1MPa, and keep the constant pressure until the oil-gas system is stable, then close the second needle Valve; temperature sensor is used to record temperature, pressure sensor is used to record pressure, and CT scanning device is used to visually scan the two-phase distribution inside the high pressure vessel after the oil and gas system is stabilized. Using data acquisition and processing computer to obtain CT images of oil and gas two-phase density distribution;
（5）打开第二针阀，利用注入泵升高高压容器内油气系统压力，压力间隔1MPa，在压力接近最小混相压力时减小提升的压力间隔，直到油气界面消失。在每一个压力下，都按步骤4扫描获得高压容器内油气两相密度分布的CT图像，得到一系列压力下的油气两相密度分布的CT图像。(5) Open the second needle valve and use the injection pump to increase the pressure of the oil-gas system in the high-pressure container with a pressure interval of 1MPa. When the pressure is close to the minimum miscible pressure, reduce the increased pressure interval until the oil-gas interface disappears. At each pressure, scan according to step 4 to obtain a CT image of the density distribution of the oil-gas two-phase in the high-pressure vessel, and obtain CT images of the density distribution of the oil-gas two-phase under a series of pressures.
（6）数据处理，对所得同一温度、一系列压力下的油气两相密度分布的CT图像的进行分析处理，拟合得到油气两相密度差值与压力的指数关系曲线，进一步计算得到油气最小混相压力；(6) Data processing, analyze and process the obtained CT images of oil-gas two-phase density distribution at the same temperature and a series of pressures, and fit the exponential relationship curve between the oil-gas two-phase density difference and pressure, and further calculate the oil-gas minimum miscible pressure;
（7）改变温度，重复步骤(1)-(6)，得到不同温度下油气最小混相压力。(7) Change the temperature and repeat steps (1)-(6) to obtain the minimum miscible pressure of oil and gas at different temperatures.
本发明的有益效果是：上述技术方案利用CT扫描成像技术可直观、无损伤的测定油气最小混相压力，具有可操作性可重复性测定等优点，并实现油气体系混溶过程的动态可视化及量化分析，揭示温度对油气体系最小混相压力的影响。CT扫描成像技术作为一种强力的非侵入测试技术，通过不同密度物质对X射线吸收与透过率不同可以获得油气两相密度的CT图像，实现油气最小混相压力的测定，同时实现油气相互溶解物质传递过程的可视化，揭示油气相平衡规律。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the above technical scheme can measure the minimum miscible pressure of oil and gas intuitively and without damage by using CT scanning imaging technology, has the advantages of operability and repeatable measurement, and realizes the dynamic visualization and quantification of the miscibility process of oil and gas system Analysis reveals the effect of temperature on the minimum miscibility pressure of oil and gas systems. As a powerful non-invasive testing technology, CT scanning imaging technology can obtain CT images of oil and gas two-phase density through the different X-ray absorption and transmittance of substances with different densities, so as to realize the determination of the minimum miscibility pressure of oil and gas, and at the same time realize the mutual dissolution of oil and gas The visualization of the material transfer process reveals the law of oil-gas phase equilibrium.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的应用CT测量油气最小混相压力的装置结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for measuring the minimum miscible pressure of oil and gas using CT in the present invention.
图2是CO2与正癸烷系统在37.8℃时油气密度差随压力的变化曲线。Figure 2 is a curve of the oil-gas density difference versus pressure at 37.8°C for the system of CO 2 and n-decane.
图中：1CT扫描装置；2高压容器；3注入泵；4气瓶；5控温装置；6数据采集处理计算机；7真空泵；8a第一针阀；8b第二针阀；8c第三针阀；8d排气针阀；9压力传感器；10温度传感器；In the figure: 1CT scanning device; 2 high-pressure container; 3 injection pump; 4 gas cylinder; 5 temperature control device; 6 data acquisition and processing computer; 7 vacuum pump; 8a first needle valve; 8b second needle valve; 8c third needle valve ; 8d exhaust needle valve; 9 pressure sensor; 10 temperature sensor;
R2表示拟合曲线的相关系数；最小混相压力为7.82MPa。R 2 represents the correlation coefficient of the fitted curve; the minimum miscible pressure is 7.82MPa.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下结合技术方案和附图详细叙述本发明的具体实施方式。The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the technical solutions and accompanying drawings.
实施例是在37.8℃时，对CO2与正癸烷系统进行的最小混相压力实验。按图1装置系统图所示连接好系统试压后，在高压容器2内装入一定量的正癸烷，再将高压容器2放入CT扫描装置1内部。The example is a minimum miscibility pressure experiment for a CO2 and n-decane system at 37.8°C. After the system pressure test is connected as shown in the device system diagram in Figure 1, a certain amount of n-decane is loaded into the high-pressure container 2, and then the high-pressure container 2 is put into the CT scanning device 1.
再次连接好管路，打开第二针阀8b、第三针阀8c，开启真空泵7，抽真空30分钟后停止，关闭第二针阀8b、第三针阀8c，开启控温装置5设定温度对高压容器进行控温。打开气瓶4和第一针阀8a，向注入泵3中充入一定量气体，然后关闭第一针阀8a。Connect the pipeline again, open the second needle valve 8b and the third needle valve 8c, turn on the vacuum pump 7, stop after evacuating for 30 minutes, close the second needle valve 8b, the third needle valve 8c, and turn on the temperature control device 5 to set Temperature controls the temperature of the high pressure vessel. Open the gas bottle 4 and the first needle valve 8a, charge a certain amount of gas into the injection pump 3, and then close the first needle valve 8a.
打开第二针阀8b，利用注入泵3向高压容器2内充入工作气体，同时利用注入泵调节高压容器内油气系统压力至0.1MPa，并保持恒压直至油气系统稳定，然后关闭第二针阀；利用温度传感器10记录温度，利用压力传感器9记录压力，利用CT扫描装置1对油气系统稳定后高压容器2内部两相分布进行可视化扫描。利用数据采集处理计算机6得到油气系统稳定后油气两相密度分布的CT图像。打开第二针阀8b，利用注入泵3升高高压容器2内油气系统压力，压力间隔1MPa，在压力接近最小混相压力时减小升高的压力间隔，直到气与油界面消失。在每一个压力下，都按上述步骤扫描得到高压容器2内油气两相密度分布的CT图像，得到一系列压力下的油气两相密度分布的CT图像。Open the second needle valve 8b, use the injection pump 3 to fill the high-pressure container 2 with working gas, and at the same time use the injection pump to adjust the pressure of the oil-gas system in the high-pressure container to 0.1MPa, and keep the constant pressure until the oil-gas system is stable, then close the second needle Valve; use the temperature sensor 10 to record the temperature, use the pressure sensor 9 to record the pressure, and use the CT scanning device 1 to perform visual scanning of the two-phase distribution inside the high pressure vessel 2 after the oil and gas system is stabilized. The CT image of the oil-gas two-phase density distribution after the oil-gas system is stabilized is obtained by using the data acquisition and processing computer 6 . Open the second needle valve 8b, use the injection pump 3 to increase the pressure of the oil-gas system in the high-pressure container 2, the pressure interval is 1MPa, and when the pressure is close to the minimum miscible pressure, reduce the increased pressure interval until the gas-oil interface disappears. At each pressure, the CT images of the two-phase density distribution of oil and gas in the high-pressure vessel 2 are scanned according to the above steps, and CT images of the two-phase density distribution of oil and gas under a series of pressures are obtained.
按上述步骤得到不同压力下油气两相密度值，如表1所示。在图2中，对数据点进行拟合，得到油气两相密度差值与压力的指数关系曲线，该曲线与压力轴的交点对应压力值，即为CO2与正癸烷在37.8℃时的最小混相压力。According to the above steps, the density values of oil-gas two-phase under different pressures are obtained, as shown in Table 1. In Figure 2, the data points are fitted to obtain an exponential relationship curve between the density difference of the oil and gas two-phase and the pressure. The intersection point of this curve and the pressure axis corresponds to the pressure value, which is the pressure value of CO2 and n-decane at 37.8 °C Minimum miscibility pressure.
表1 CO2/正癸烷体系液相体积、两相密度以及密度差Table 1 Liquid phase volume, two-phase density and density difference of CO 2 /n-decane system
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