CN103900616A - Tacan simulator metering method and Tacan simulator metering device - Google Patents
Tacan simulator metering method and Tacan simulator metering device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a Tacan simulator metering device and a Tacan simulator metering system. The device adopts a radio frequency technique to directly acquire radio frequency signals transmitted and received by a Tacan simulator of an earth station; the system comprises modules such as a level measuring module, a modulation degree measuring module, a direction measuring module, a direction velocity measuring module and the like, and is used for achieving calibration of a direction signal of the Tacan simulator and the calibration of a ranging signal.
Description
technical field:
This invention belongs to radio close navigation technical field, is specifically related to a kind of Tacan simulator metering method and device.
background technology:
In early days, air navigation wants definite aircraft position, will use two or more Land Navigation Installations, and positioning precision is very low, and such location technology does not have too large practical value.So, in twentieth century mid-term, in order to realize accurately aerial location navigation, according to the suggestion of air force of U.S., naval, developed Tacan system by Fei get La Er telecommunications testing laboratory of the U.S..The TACAN former by name of Tacan, it is the abbreviation of Tactical Air Navigation System-TACAN/tacan, it is a kind of low coverage radio navigation system, and tactical air navigation is that first can provide the short-range navigation system of range information and azimuth information simultaneously for aircraft in the world.In the 1950's, be applied to the earliest the carrier-borne aircraft navigation of U.S. army's aircraft carrier, but also be the important equipment that tanker aircraft completes air refueling mission, developed into afterwards the military short-range navigation system of standard of each member state of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.One of navigational system that Tacan system Shi Wo air force is important, utilize tactical air navigation can ensure aircraft along the rally of prebriefed pattern target, a group of planes and junction and under IFR conditions vector aircraft go home and approach etc.Therefore Support is of crucial importance effectively.
Tacan simulator is the azimuth information of quantitative simulation earth station, check, test, the specialized equipment of calibration Tacan airborne equipment the key technical indexes, the calibration steps of producer is to adopt the method for " common apparatus+airborne standard Tacan+detector " to carry out at present, common apparatus is mainly calibrated the common index (frequency of Tacan simulator, power, level, frequency spectrum etc.), airborne standard Tacan is in order to calibrate special index (orientation, distance), detector is to be used to provide working environment on a detachment machine, for airborne equipment power supply, control duty, measuring technology index and the function such as output test result.This " integrated correction system " is traceable on the simulator of import (DTS102 of the U.S.).The problem that this method exists: the whole chain of tracing to the source is that 1:1 transmits substantially, does not meet the requirement of GJB5109; In addition, the pattern of this use " airborne equipment calibration checkout equipment " belongs to metering reversal of the natural order of things, can only be at most checking, can not be called calibration.Also having part producer to buy a whole set of imported from America equips as measurement standard, comprise airborne Tacan DTS-200, uphole equipment (Tacan simulator FR-1401/1400, supporting detector, precise distance measurement simulator PDME-200), when metering, adopt method direct and that import simulator is compared, index is slightly better than 1:1.
summary of the invention:
Aircraft close navigation checkout equipment is the specialized equipment with fault isolation for airborne navigational system test, and accurately whether concord is to flight safety, significant for its performance index.In order to solve deficiency of the prior art, the present invention need to solve the measurement and calibration problem of aircraft close navigation checkout equipment, the metering method proposing and device can guarantee that the performance index of aircraft close navigation checkout equipment are accurate, solve the problem that such specialized equipment cannot measurement and calibration.
Also be not applied in the development of Tacan simulator measuring apparatus for current radionavigational software and hardware, aspect Tacan simulator quantitative study, the present invention is based on virtual instrument and software and radio technique, by needing hard-wired modulation /demodulation function by software desk Implementation in classic method, increase compatibility and the extendability of measuring apparatus.
Tactical air navigation is operated in 962～1213 megahertz frequency ranges, has 252 radio frequency channels (each 126 of X pattern and Y mode), and its range accuracy is about ± 200 meters, and angle measurement accuracy can reach ± and 1 °.Coverage is subject to the restriction of emissive power, receiving sensitivity and ultrashort wave (USW) line-of-sight propagation rule, and typical tactical air navigation operating distance is about 370 kms.It can hold 100 airplane range findings simultaneously, and when angle measurement, aircraft quantity is unrestricted.Novel tactical air navigation also has air to air range finding and the angle measurement function of (aircraft is to aircraft).Tactical air navigation adopts polar coordinates (p～θ) location method, only needs a Tacan ground station just to can be Plane location, is therefore particularly suitable for carrying out the tactical air use of operational activity centered by airport or aircraft carrier.
Tactical air navigation is made up of airborne Tacan set and the ground tacan set of the work of cooperatively interacting.Airborne Tacan set comprises radio set, antenna, control and display device etc.; Ground tacan set comprises radio set, antenna, monitoring and control device etc.System adopts interrogator-responder system to find range, launch at random interrogation pulse pair by airborne Tacan set, after ground tacan set receives, send transponder pulse with the right form of pulse again, airborne Tacan set, according to sending interrogation pulse to time and the radio velocity of wave propagation of receiving that transponder pulse is experienced, can be extrapolated the distance of aircraft to Tacan ground station.System angle measurement is to realize by the phase relation between measuring basis pulse signal and pulse envelope signal.In the time that aircraft is positioned at the different azimuth of Tacan ground station, between the reference pulse signal that its airborne Tacan set is received and pulse envelope signal, just exist different phase relations, just can determine whereby the position angle of aircraft with respect to Tacan ground station.
Tacan distance measuring signal produces principle: 30 pairs of transmittings per second on aircraft, be spaced apart 12 microseconds interrogation pulse to (pulse of transmitting in pairs), earth station is received the reply pulse pair of interrogation pulse to the same interval of rear transmitting.Receiving that the time right with interrogation pulse right time of reply pulse compares, draw the time of pulse radio at spatial, thereby obtain the distance of aircraft to earth station, and shown aboard.
Tacan location signal produces principle: the directional diagram of earth station antenna transmission electric wave is the heart-shaped of 9 lobes, and with 900 revs/min of rotations.The pulse signal that aircraft receives is amplitude modulation form, this amplitude modulation envelope comprises 15 hertz of bearing signals that produced by rotating cardioid pattern and 135 hertz of bearing signals that produced by 9 lobe rotations, and the phase place of these two signals is relevant with the dimensional orientation of the relative aircraft of earth station.Need to there is reference signal for measuring phase place, therefore in the time that heart-shaped directional diagram turns over due east direction, launch one group by 12 pulses to the reference pulse signal forming, in the time that the maximal value of each turns over due east direction in 8 lobes (removing that lobe overlapping with heart-shaped maximal value), also launch one group of auxiliary base pulse signal being formed by 6 paired pulses.Compare the phase place of 15 hertz of bearing signals and reference pulse signal, obtain the rough orientation of the relative aircraft of earth station, the ambiguity while eliminating accurate measurement orientation with it.The phase place that compares 135 hertz of bearing signals and auxiliary base pulse signal obtains the accurate orientation values of the relative aircraft of earth station.
This equipment important parameter measuring method
(1) frequency calibrating.
The frequency of the radiofrequency signal that earth station simulator is launched is examined and determine.
(2) radio-frequency (RF) pulse spectrum calibrating.
To centered by the frequency that departs from radio frequency channel nominal frequency ± 0.8MHz separately ± peak value Effective Radiated Power in 0.25MHz bandwidth examines and determine.
Test condition is Tacan and two kinds of mode of operations of DME/P, respectively-examine and determine when 0.8MHz ,+0.8MHz ,-2MHz ,+2MHz.
(3) pulse waveform calibrating
Pulse envelope to signal is examined and determine.Comprise pulse rise time, fall time and pulse width.
Test condition is Tacan and two kinds of mode of operations of DME/P.
(4) pulse is to coding calibrating
Examine and determine replying pulse code.
Test condition is Tacan and two kinds of mode of operations of DME/P.When Tacan pattern, be separately positioned on A/G X, A/G Y, A/A X, A/A examine and determine when Y; When DME/P pattern, while being separately positioned on X, Y, W, Z, examine and determine.
(5) benchmark burst of pulses coding calibrating
To the calibrating of primary standard group and prothetic group pregroup pulse code, comprise that the repetition frequency of recurrent interval, primary standard group and prothetic group pregroup to X radio frequency channel and Y radio frequency channel is examined and determine.
Test condition is, to primary standard group, is separately positioned on A/G X, A/G Y, A/A X, A/A examine and determine when Y; To prothetic group pregroup, be separately positioned on A/G X, A/G examines and determine when Y.
(6) random filler pulse calibrating
Without interrogating signal with do not launch main and auxiliary helping under basic pulse group condition, to random filler pulse logarithm object calibrating.
Test condition is that it is 500,2000,5000 and 8000 that filling rate is set respectively.
(7) orientation calibrating
The bearing signal of the simulation ground signal that equipment under test is sent is examined and determine;
Test condition is that the scope that Offered target orientation is stated according to accredited instrument is set.
(8) degree of modulation calibrating
The degree of modulation transmitting is examined and determine.
Test condition is that target modulation degree is set to respectively to 10%, 20% and 39%.
(9) distance calibrating
The distance reply pulse that equipment under test is sent is examined and determine with receiving the time delay of interrogation pulse;
Test condition is that the scope that Offered target distance is stated according to accredited instrument is set.
(10) peak power calibrating
With the tested simulator transmission interrogation pulse earthward of detecting platform simulation airborne equipment, after calculating, the tested simulator in ground draws measured value, after ECDC standard value contrasts, thereby draw whether meet the requirements.
accompanying drawing explanation:
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of Tacan simulator measuring apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the Tacan signal waveform that device of the present invention collects.
embodiment:
Following content elaborates to the specific embodiment of the present invention in connection with Figure of description:
Calibrating installation is in the prior art by unmodulated vision signal is analyzed, thereby determines that whether qualified checkout equipment is.And the actual signal of Tacan system is 950MHz ~ 1213MHz, whether qualified only have by the accurate location of the detection ability equipment under test to radiofrequency signal;
The present invention has introduced radio-frequency technique, comprise low-converter, digitizer and mixed frequency signal generator by NI RF vector signal generator PXI-5670 and NI RF VSA PXIe-5663(), realize the radiofrequency signal of direct collection earth station simulator sending and receiving.
The workflow of Tacan calibration system is divided into reception and launches two kinds, and receiving course is mainly to receive bearing signal and distance measurement inquiring signal, and this process is also to realize the calibration process of bearing signal; Emission process is mainly transmitting range finding answer signal, and known by above-mentioned principle, range finding needs question-response, and location only need to receive and demodulate, and this process is mainly to realize the calibration of distance measuring signal.
Referring to Fig. 1, the device of this invention is based on PXI bussing technique, and Devices to test comprises Tacan testing apparatus and microwave landing testing apparatus, is a synthetic measuring apparatus, i.e. microwave landing measuring apparatus and Tacan simulator measuring apparatus are designed to one.The measuring apparatus of Tacan simulator comprises low noise power amplifier (PXI-5691) (not shown in figure 1), radio-frequency-up-converter (PXI-5670), radio frequency down-conversion device (PXI-5601), arbitrary waveform signal generator, navigation signal processor, radio-frequency power amplifier and private cable six parts.Wherein, navigation signal processor comprises digitized instrument (PXI-5622) and mixed frequency signal generator (PXI-5652).
Referring to Fig. 1, input 5dBm pulse signal is amplified to 500W by described radio-frequency power amplifier, and described system comprises input isolator, high-power RF amplifying circuit, circulator, output isolator, limiter, power supply and radio-frequency (RF) switch; Radiofrequency signal is after input isolator, enter described high-power RF amplifying circuit, radio frequency amplifying circuit is amplified to signal after 500W and is input to circulator through output isolator, and signal exports limiter to from the output terminal of circulator, exports radiofrequency signal after entering radio-frequency (RF) switch afterwards again.Described power supply provides voltage for high-power RF amplifying circuit and radio-frequency (RF) switch.
Described device receives signal process: signal is connected to by cable on the circulator of radio-frequency power amplifier by Tacan testing apparatus (equipment under test), signal is transferred to amplitude limit module by circulator, (effect of circulator is that signal is exported according to clockwise direction rotation signal not to be inputed to isolator, not reverse signal transmission), then signal is through radio-frequency (RF) switch, be input to the input end of low noise power amplifier (PXI-5691), the input end (RF IN) of the output terminal access radio frequency down-conversion (PXI-5601) of low noise power amplifier, the RF OUT end of mixed frequency signal generator (PXI-5652) connects the LO IN end of radio frequency down-conversion device, be used for providing local oscillator parameter, the principle of the output terminal IF OUT(frequency conversion of radio frequency down-conversion device is: input signal-mixed frequency signal=output signal) the IF IN end of access digitizer (PXI-5622), between PXI-5652 and PXI-5622, connecting a line synchro, for clock synchronous.
Signal emission process: arbitrary waveform signal generator (PXI-5421) produces signal, export the input end of radio-frequency-up-converter to, radio-frequency-up-converter self is with local oscillator function, through frequency conversion computing, by after signal frequency conversion, export the input end (being the isolator of radio-frequency power amplifier) of power amplifier to through output terminal, then pass through the amplification of radio-frequency power amplifier, final signal exports equipment under test to from circulator, the transmitting of settling signal.
The processing of signal is all carried out in navigation signal processor, and navigation signal processor comprises mixed frequency signal generator (PXI-5652) and two boards of digitizer (PXI-5622).
Wherein said radio-frequency-up-converter is mainly converted to intermediate frequency distance measuring signal on radio-frequency channel, for the transmitting of navigational range signal; Radio frequency down-conversion device is for being converted to intermediate-frequency channel by the bearing signal of reception; Arbitrary waveform signal generator, for generation of distance measuring signal (distance measurement inquiring pulse), is amplified to 500W through radio-frequency power amplifier by signal; Navigation signal processor, for the treatment of the navigation signal through frequency conversion, comprises azimuth-range signal.
For example, the calibration (receiving and emission process) of distance signal: when having received distance measuring signal, after the constant time of agreement constant time lag, can start the transmitting of range finding transponder pulse, first produce one apart from transponder pulse by PXI-5421 AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator), then by this pulse access upconverter, this module can arrive pulse signal modulation the working frequency range 962MHz-1213MHz of Tacan, by antenna or cable mode, answer signal is sent to Tacan system; Thereby realize the calibration of Tacan system distance measuring signal.
In order to realize the measurement and calibration of above-mentioned Tacan range finding and location signal, this system makes with the following method:
As shown in Figure 1, the calibration (receiving course) of bearing signal: the low noise amplifier (PXI-5691) that first Tacan signal is accessed to calibration system by microwave cable, this module can be removed unrelated signal, amplify useful signal, the rf input terminal (RF IN) of signal access low-converter (PXIe-5601) after filtering, the high-frequency signal that this module can be 962MHz-1213MHz by frequency downconverts to the intermediate-freuqncy signal of 50MHz, then this intermediate-freuqncy signal is caused to the input end of PXI-5622 from IF OUT end, PXI-5622 is digitizer, for the treatment of intermediate frequency Tacan signal, resolving by corresponding software module in digitizer, obtain Tacan bearing signal, thereby realize the calibration of bearing signal.Fig. 2 is the Tacan signal waveform that device collects.
Software mainly adopts virtual instrument and software and radio technique, is used in conjunction with hardware, completes generation, collection, modulation, demodulation and data processing and the storage of navigator middle distance and bearing signal.
Software section comprises with lower module:
Level measurement module: for realizing level amplitude measurement, measure the voltage of measured signal.
Modulation measurement module: resolve for the degree of modulation to bearing signal.
Measurement of bearing module: in order to obtain azimuth information, need to calculate the phase differential between benchmark group and envelope phase place at zero point, first extracted main and auxiliary benchmark burst of pulses from Tacan signal, the phase place at zero point that then sub-elects envelope just can obtain the orientation of Tacan.
Azimuth rate measurement module: the relatively module of orientation rate of change, for the rate of change of measuring unit's time interior orientation signal.
Peak power detection module: calibration system output peak power, measurement Tacan system can detect and measure the ability of peak power.
Distance-measurement module: for gathering, resolve and store range information.
Range transmission module: produce distance signal, transmitting range pulse.
Wave test module: for detection of the waveform index of bearing signal, be equivalent to oscillographic function.
Frequency detection module: detect CF signal frequency change.
Pulse frequency spectrum module: resolve the purity of frequency spectrum, be equivalent to the function of frequency spectrograph.
Random filler pulse module: for generation of random filler pulse, launch random filler pulse according to the agreement of Tacan signal.
Other public modules:
Information source Code And Decode module:
Information source coding is mainly used in the compression of data, is beneficial to follow-up transmission.Common information source encryption algorithm comprises JPEG compression, the combination of zip(LZ77 and Huffman encoding algorithm), MP3 and MPEG-2 etc.
Chnnel coding and decoder module:
Different with information source coding, chnnel coding can add or rewrite data position, so that reduce noise and the impact bringing that decays in transmission, obtains better original transmission signal after decoding.
Above-mentioned example is used for illustrating the present invention, rather than is limited.In claim protection domain of the present invention, any to modification of the present invention is all fallen within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a Tacan simulator measuring apparatus, it is characterized in that, the radio-frequency technique that adopts described device realizes the radiofrequency signal that directly the Tacan simulator of collection earth station transmits and receives, for realizing the calibration of described Tacan simulator bearing signal and the calibration of distance measuring signal.
2. device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described device designs based on PXI bussing technique, described device comprises low noise amplifier, radio-frequency-up-converter, radio frequency down-conversion device, arbitrary waveform signal generator, navigation signal processor, radio-frequency power amplifier and private cable six parts, wherein, navigation signal processor comprises digitized instrument and mixed frequency signal generator, between described digitized instrument and mixed frequency signal generator, connects line synchro for clock synchronous; Described radio-frequency-up-converter is converted to intermediate frequency distance measuring signal on radio-frequency channel, for the transmitting of navigational range signal; Described radio frequency down-conversion device is for being converted to intermediate-frequency channel by the bearing signal of reception; Arbitrary waveform signal generator, for generation of distance measuring signal, is amplified to 500W through radio-frequency power amplifier by input 5dBm pulse signal; Navigation signal processor, for the treatment of the navigation signal through frequency conversion, comprises azimuth-range signal.
3. device according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described system comprises input isolator, high-power RF amplifying circuit, circulator, output isolator, limiter, power supply and radio-frequency (RF) switch; Radiofrequency signal is after input isolator, enter described high-power RF amplifying circuit, radio frequency amplifying circuit is amplified to signal after 500W and is input to circulator through output isolator, and signal exports limiter to from the output terminal of circulator, exports radiofrequency signal after entering radio-frequency (RF) switch afterwards again; Described power supply provides voltage for high-power RF amplifying circuit and radio-frequency (RF) switch.
4. device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described device receives signal process: signal is connected to by cable on the circulator of described radio-frequency power amplifier by tested Tacan simulator, signal is transferred to limiter by circulator, then signal is through radio-frequency (RF) switch, be input to the input end of described low noise amplifier, the rf inputs RF-IN of the output terminal access radio frequency down-conversion device of low noise amplifier, the radio-frequency (RF) output end of mixed frequency signal generator connects the local oscillator input end LO-IN of radio frequency down-conversion device, be used for providing local oscillator parameter, the signal input end of intermediate frequency IF-IN of the intermediate-freuqncy signal output terminal IF-OUT access digitizer of radio frequency down-conversion device.
5. device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the described device process of transmitting is: arbitrary waveform signal generator produces signal, export the input end INPUT of radio-frequency-up-converter to, radio-frequency-up-converter self is with local oscillator function, through frequency conversion computing, by after signal frequency conversion, export the input end of radio-frequency power amplifier to through output terminal RF-OUT, then pass through the amplification of radio-frequency power amplifier, final signal exports the transmitting of tested Tacan simulator settling signal to from circulator.
6. a Tacan simulator metering system, described system applies is in the device described in claim 1-5, and described system comprises with lower module: level measurement module, modulation measurement module, measurement of bearing module, azimuth rate measurement module, peak power detection module, distance-measurement module, range transmission module, wave test module, frequency detection module, pulse frequency spectrum module and random filler pulse module.
7. system according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described system also comprises public module: information source Code And Decode module, chnnel coding and decoder module.
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| CN106679694A (en) * | 2015-12-20 | 2017-05-17 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十研究所 | TACAN beacon simulator air-to-air response delayed measurement precision calibration apparatus and method |
| CN106772214A (en) * | 2015-12-20 | 2017-05-31 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十研究所 | Tacan beacon simulator azimuth accuracy Calibration Method |
| CN109443438A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-03-08 | 上海精密计量测试研究所 | Virtual instrument system based on multi-parameters test calibration |
| CN110596657A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2019-12-20 | 电子科技大学 | Device for testing operation of distance measuring machine/Takang |
| CN113191031A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-07-30 | 成都众享天地网络科技有限公司 | Simulation method based on Tacan signal algorithm |
| CN114088978A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-02-25 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十研究所 | PXI structure-based calibration method and device for TACAN signal speed parameters |
| CN114689054A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-07-01 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所 | High-precision navigation method and device for Takang system, flight equipment and storage medium |
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| CN106679694A (en) * | 2015-12-20 | 2017-05-17 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十研究所 | TACAN beacon simulator air-to-air response delayed measurement precision calibration apparatus and method |
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| CN106679694B (en) * | 2015-12-20 | 2019-12-03 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十研究所 | The air-air response Time delay measurement Precision calibration device and method of tacan beacon simulator |
| CN109443438A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-03-08 | 上海精密计量测试研究所 | Virtual instrument system based on multi-parameters test calibration |
| CN110596657A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2019-12-20 | 电子科技大学 | Device for testing operation of distance measuring machine/Takang |
| CN110596657B (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2022-10-18 | 电子科技大学 | Device for testing operation of distance measuring machine/Takang |
| CN113191031A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-07-30 | 成都众享天地网络科技有限公司 | Simulation method based on Tacan signal algorithm |
| CN114088978A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-02-25 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十研究所 | PXI structure-based calibration method and device for TACAN signal speed parameters |
| CN114689054A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-07-01 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所 | High-precision navigation method and device for Takang system, flight equipment and storage medium |
| CN114689054B (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2023-06-20 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所 | Takang system high-precision navigation method and device, flight equipment and storage medium |
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