CN103898341B - From the method for the rough separation and Extraction lithium of Lithium Sulphate - Google Patents

From the method for the rough separation and Extraction lithium of Lithium Sulphate Download PDF

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CN103898341B
CN103898341B CN201410081423.0A CN201410081423A CN103898341B CN 103898341 B CN103898341 B CN 103898341B CN 201410081423 A CN201410081423 A CN 201410081423A CN 103898341 B CN103898341 B CN 103898341B
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lithium
calcium
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sodium carbonate
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CN103898341A (en
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李武
王纯
董亚萍
乃学瑛
孟庆芬
党力
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Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes Research of CAS
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Abstract

The present invention relates to lithium extraction process, specifically disclose a kind of method from the rough separation and Extraction lithium of Lithium Sulphate, comprise step demagging, rough for Lithium Sulphate breeze is mixed with water, adds calcium oxide, reaction aging solid-liquid separation, obtain the first solution and solid slag; Sulfate radical, adds calcium chloride in the first solution, and reaction aging solid-liquid separation obtains the second solution and solid calcium sulphate; Heavy calcium, adds sodium carbonate, reaction aging solid-liquid separation, obtains the 3rd solution and solid carbonic acid calcium in the second solution; Concentrated, regulate the 3rd pH value of solution to be 3 ~ 8 with hydrochloric acid, evaporation concentration, separate out solid, after solid-liquid separation, obtain primary concentration liquid; Extract Quilonum Retard, add sodium carbonate to primary concentration liquid, reaction aging solid-liquid separation, obtain solid carbonic acid lithium.Method energy consumption of the present invention is low; Impurity-removing precipitating agent used is cheap and easy to get, and removal of impurities product calcium carbonate recoverable; Technique is simple to operation, demagging rate is high, lithium yield is high.

Description

From the method for the rough separation and Extraction lithium of Lithium Sulphate
Technical field
The present invention relates to lithium extraction process, be specifically related to the technology from the rough extraction lithium of Lithium Sulphate.
Background technology
The extraction of current lithium mainly contains to be carried lithium from salt lake brine and puies forward these two kinds of approach of lithium from lithium ore.
After the technique that salt lake brine carries lithium is substantially all through a series of separating treatment, then add sodium carbonate sinker, to obtain Quilonum Retard.Such as: Qinghai lithium industry adopts Using Multistage Membranes isolation technique, with East Taijinaier salt lake brine for raw material, utilize Using Multistage Membranes isolation technique operational path, Mg:Li in old halogen can be reduced to about 1:2 than by 20:1, then add sodium carbonate and the lithium in bittern is separated out with Quilonum Retard; CITIC Guoan utilizes calcination method, and with West Taijinar salt lake brine for raw material, adopt calcination method to carry out Separation of Li and Mg, fresh water leaching obtains lithium solution, and secondary demagging also, after concentrating, obtains Quilonum Retard with sodium carbonate sinker; The resin adsorption method of Landtek lithium industry, utilizes resin adsorption method to carry out lithium resource exploitation to Cha Er Han Salt Lake, and technique comprises the processes such as resin absorption, wash-out, concentrated, membrane sepn and carbonization.
In addition, Tibetan Mining takes " store away in winter halogen-Exposure to Sunlight freezing-intensification sinker " technique and warm canopy and solar pond intensification sinker technology to Salt Lake Zabuye, Quilonum Retard solids crude product is directly obtained from salt lake brine, refine purification Quilonum Retard further again, the method directly obtains Quilonum Retard by a series of salt field process, does not need to add precipitation agent.
The lithium minerals of occurring in nature mainly contains triphane, petalite, lithionite, zinnwaldite, montebrasite etc.First lithium ore carries lithium is lithium ore is carried out fragmentation, fine grinding, utilize ore-dressing technique to select containing lithium concentrate, then the method such as sulfuric acid process, lime method process lithium ore is adopted, go out with water logging again, generally obtain the solution of Lithium Sulphate or lithium hydroxide, finally obtain lithium salts through the series of processes such as removal of impurities, evaporation concentration again.At present, the method carrying lithium production Quilonum Retard from lithium ore mainly contains sulfuric acid process, sulphate process, lime sinter process, soda ash pressure cooking method etc., and it substantially all needs to carry out high-temperature roasting or sintering, and energy consumption is high, production cost is high, and technical process is long.
Lithium Sulphate alleged by the present invention is rough is adopt method disclosed in patent CN201310124579.8, from certain plateau sulfate type salt lake bittern, through a series of salt pans separating technology, obtains without the need to added regent.It comprises step: sulfate type salt lake brine is evaporated to sodium-chlor state of saturation, in the winter time freezing precipitation saltcake, carries out solid-liquid separation when the content of sulfate ion is 1g/L ~ 7g/L in control bittern; Bittern after separating out saltcake is evaporated precipitated sodium chloride in spring and summer; Separate out sylvite, carnallitite, epsom salt to the bittern evaporation after precipitated sodium chloride, control to carry out solid-liquid separation after lithium concentration is more than or equal to 6g/L in bittern, the bittern after solid-liquid separation is the bittern of high content of magnesium chloride; The bittern of high content of magnesium chloride and saltcake hybrid reaction are separated out sodium salt and magnesium salts, controls to carry out solid-liquid separation when Mg/Li ratio is less than or equal to 8:1 in solution, obtain boron-rich lithium bittern; Boron-rich lithium bittern and water are reacted and separates out boron rock, after solid-liquid separation, obtain rich lithium bittern; Rich lithium bittern is imported evaporation in lithium salts pond and separate out lithium salts ore deposit.Containing mass percent during this Lithium Sulphate is rough is the Li of 17.05% to 40.09% 2sO 4h 2o, and containing NaCl, MgSO 47H 2o and carnallitite etc.
This Lithium Sulphate is rough is that the rich lithium minerals in the salt pan obtained in lithium technique is carried in salt lake, and except a small amount of sandstone, its Coexisting Minerals comprises the water miscible salt such as sodium-chlor, magnesium sulfate, carnallitite.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to from the rough separation and Extraction lithium of Lithium Sulphate and prepares lithium salts product, provides a kind of technique simple and the method that lithium yield is high.
Technical scheme of the present invention is a kind of method from the rough separation and Extraction lithium of Lithium Sulphate, comprise step: S1 demagging, rough for described Lithium Sulphate breeze is mixed with water, add calcium oxide to precipitate magnesium, reaction 1h to 5h, ageing 1h to 3h, solid-liquid separation, make demagging rate reach more than 85%, obtain the first solution and solid slag; S2 sulfate radical, adds calcium chloride to remove sulfate radical in described first solution, reaction 30min to 90min, ageing 10min to 60min, and solid-liquid separation, makes the concentration of sulfate radical be less than 5g/L, obtain the second solution and solid calcium sulphate; S3 sinks calcium, in 60-90 DEG C, in described second solution, adds sodium carbonate with precipitated calcium, reaction 30min to 90min, ageing 10min to 60min, and solid-liquid separation, makes the clearance of calcium reach more than 85%, obtains the 3rd solution and solid carbonic acid calcium; S4 concentrates, and regulates described 3rd pH value of solution to be 3 ~ 8 with hydrochloric acid, then by its evaporation concentration, separates out solid, obtains primary concentration liquid after solid-liquid separation; S5 extracts Quilonum Retard, in 60-95 DEG C, adds sodium carbonate to precipitate Quilonum Retard in described primary concentration liquid, and reaction 30min to 90min, ageing 20min to 60min, solid-liquid separation, obtains solid carbonic acid lithium and filtrate.
Wherein, in step S1, the add-on of water can be 5 ~ 20 times of powdered ore quality.The add-on of calcium oxide can be 90% to 105% of calcium oxide Theoretical Mass needed for precipitation magnesium.
Wherein, in step S2, the add-on of calcium chloride can be 100% to 115% of calcium chloride Theoretical Mass needed for sulfate precipitate root.
Wherein, in step S3, the add-on of sodium carbonate can be 90% to 110% of sodium carbonate Theoretical Mass needed for precipitated calcium.
Wherein, in step S4, the crystal of precipitation is sodium-chlor, and in primary concentration liquid, lithium concentration can be 10-50g/L.
Wherein, in step S5, the sodium carbonate added can be saturated sodium carbonate solution or sodium carbonate solid, and the add-on of sodium carbonate can be 100% to 115% of the theoretical amount of substance of sodium carbonate needed for sinker.
In some embodiments, the Li of 17.05wt% to 40.09wt% during described Lithium Sulphate is rough, can be contained 2sO 4h 2o, and comprise NaCl, MgSO 47H 2the water soluble ingredient such as O, carnallitite.
Use method separation and Extraction lithium of the present invention, technique is simple, and energy consumption is low; Impurity-removing precipitating agent used is cheap and easy to get, and removal of impurities product calcium carbonate recoverable; Demagging rate is high, lithium yield is high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 illustrates according to a kind of method technical process from the rough separation and Extraction lithium of Lithium Sulphate of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 illustrates according to method of the present invention, a kind of method technical process from the rough separation and Extraction lithium of Lithium Sulphate.Each step is described below in detail.
S1 demagging, mixes rough for described Lithium Sulphate breeze with water, adds calcium oxide to precipitate magnesium, stirring reaction 1h to 5h, ageing 1h to 3h, solid-liquid separation, makes demagging rate reach more than 85%, obtain the first solution and solid slag.Wherein, the add-on of water is 5 ~ 20 times of powdered ore quality, and the add-on of calcium oxide is 90% to 105% of calcium oxide Theoretical Mass needed for precipitation magnesium.
S2 sulfate radical, in described first solution, add calcium chloride to remove sulfate radical, stirring reaction 30min to 90min, ageing 10min to 60min, solid-liquid separation, makes the concentration of sulfate radical be less than 5g/L, obtains the second solution and solid calcium sulphate.Wherein the add-on of calcium chloride is 100% to 115% of calcium chloride Theoretical Mass needed for precipitated sulfur acid group.
S3 sinks calcium, in 60-90 DEG C, in described second solution, adds sodium carbonate with precipitated calcium, and reaction 30min to 90min, ageing 10min to 60min, solid-liquid separation, makes the clearance of calcium reach more than 85%, obtains the 3rd solution and solid carbonic acid calcium.Wherein the add-on of sodium carbonate can be 90% to 110% of sodium carbonate Theoretical Mass needed for precipitated calcium.
In the method for the invention, the solid carbonic acid calcium that this step obtains can be recycled, and generates calcium oxide by calcining, and used as in demagging step except magnesium precipitation agent.
S4 concentrates: regulate described 3rd pH value of solution to be 3 ~ 8 with hydrochloric acid, and then by its evaporation concentration, separate out solid, this solid is the mixed salt of sodium-chlor or sodium-chlor and Repone K, obtains primary concentration liquid after solid-liquid separation.Preferably, evaporation concentration 10-50g/L can be reached to lithium concentration.From primary concentration liquid, lithium is carried so that follow-up.
S5 extracts Quilonum Retard, in 60-95 DEG C, adds sodium carbonate to precipitate Quilonum Retard in described primary concentration liquid, and reaction 30min to 90min, ageing 20min to 60min, solid-liquid separation, obtains solid carbonic acid lithium and filtrate.The sodium carbonate added is saturated sodium carbonate solution or sodium carbonate solid, and the add-on of sodium carbonate is 100% to 115% of the theoretical amount of substance of sodium carbonate needed for sinker.
If need purifying, then can use hot wash solid carbonic acid lithium (such as, the hot wash 2 to 3 times with 60-95 DEG C), after oven dry, namely obtain purified lithium carbonate product.
The liquid phase produced after isolating Quilonum Retard solid is recyclable, it can be recycled together with step S1 to S5 gained washings.Particularly, can the recyclable solution of hcl acidifying be used, then adjust pH to 6 ~ 8 with sodium hydroxide, then concentrated, freezingly isolate solid with precipitated sodium potassium mixed salt, the liquid phase of gained can in demagging step, add in the rough breeze of Lithium Sulphate together with water, recycle.
Method technique of the present invention is simple, and Quilonum Retard is extracted in the impurity-removing precipitating agent utilizing calcium oxide, calcium chloride, sodium carbonate such, with low cost; Removal of impurities product calcium carbonate recoverable; Demagging rate is high; Lithium yield is high.
Embodiment
The rough principal constituent of Lithium Sulphate sees the following form (wt%)
Li Mg K Na Cl SO 4 B 2O 3 Water-insoluble
2.61% 4.13% 3.67% 13.95% 31.94% 24.74% 0.42% 0.83%
embodiment 1
Demagging, mixes rough for 200.00g Lithium Sulphate breeze with 1500mL water, adds 100% calcium oxide, stirring reaction 2 hours, and ageing was separated after 3 hours, obtains 1485mL first solution.Wherein Mg 2+content is 0.17g/L, and recording demagging rate is 96.88%; Li +concentration is 3.25g/L, and lithium yield is 92.41%; SO 4 2-concentration is 12.14g/L, and sulfate radical clearance is 63.58%.
Sulfate radical, gets 1460mL first solution, under magnetic stirring, adds 100% calcium chloride wherein, and react 60 minutes, ageing was separated after 60 minutes, and obtain 1450mL second solution, its sulfate concentration is 2.65g/L, removes 78.31% sulfate radical.
Heavy calcium, 1430mL second solution is placed in the water-bath of 60 DEG C, adds 100% sodium carbonate, stirring reaction 60 minutes, ageing was separated after 30 minutes, and obtain 1373mL the 3rd solution, its calcium contents is 0.021g/L, and calcium clearance is 99.15%.
Concentrated, regulate described 3rd pH value of solution to be about 7 with hydrochloric acid, evaporation concentration 1350mL the 3rd solution, is separated after analysing salt, obtains 115mL primary concentration liquid, and wherein lithium concentration is 31.28g/L.
Extract Quilonum Retard, get the water-bath that 100mL primary concentration liquid is placed in 60 DEG C, add the saturated sodium carbonate solution of excessive 10%, stirring reaction 50 minutes, ageing was separated after 30 minutes, obtained solid carbonic acid lithium.
With the hot wash solid carbonic acid lithium 2 times of 60 DEG C, dry, obtain 15.62g solid carbonic acid lithium product.
Lithium total recovery: 83.13%.
embodiment 2
Demagging, mixes rough for 200.00g Lithium Sulphate breeze with 3000mL water, adds 100% calcium oxide, stirring reaction 3 hours, and ageing was separated after 2 hours, obtains 2990mL first solution.Wherein Mg 2+content is 0.13g/L, and recording demagging rate is 95.37%; Li +concentration is 1.68g/L, and lithium yield is 96.46%; SO 4 2-concentration is 8.02g/L, and sulfate radical clearance is 51.53%.
Sulfate radical, gets 2970mL first solution, under magnetic stirring, adds 105% calcium chloride wherein, and react 40 minutes, ageing was separated after 30 minutes, and obtain 2962mL second solution, its sulfate concentration is 3.28g/L, removes 59.21% sulfate radical.
Heavy calcium, 2940mL second solution is placed in the water-bath of 80 DEG C, adds 105% sodium carbonate, stirring reaction 50 minutes, ageing was separated after 60 minutes, and obtain 2880mL the 3rd solution, its calcium contents is 0.011g/L, and calcium clearance is 99.12%.
Concentrated, regulate described 3rd pH value of solution to be about 7 with hydrochloric acid, evaporation concentration 2860mL the 3rd solution, is separated after analysing salt, obtains 168mL primary concentration liquid, and wherein lithium concentration is 25.74g/L.
Extract Quilonum Retard, get the water-bath that 150mL primary concentration liquid is placed in 90 DEG C, add the saturated sodium carbonate solution of excessive 5%, stirring reaction 60 minutes, ageing was separated after 40 minutes, obtained solid carbonic acid lithium.
With the hot wash solid carbonic acid lithium 2 times of 90 DEG C, dry, obtain 18.77g solid carbonic acid lithium product.
Lithium total recovery: 84.26%.
embodiment 3
Demagging, mixes rough for 200.00g Lithium Sulphate breeze with 2000mL water, adds 105% calcium oxide, stirring reaction 3 hours, and ageing was separated after 2 hours, obtains 1990mL first solution.Wherein Mg 2+content is 0.073g/L, and recording demagging rate is 98.24%; Li +concentration is 2.51g/L, and lithium yield is 95.73%; SO 4 2-concentration is 9.77g/L, and sulfate radical clearance is 60.71%.
Sulfate radical, gets 1970mL first solution, under magnetic stirring, adds 110% calcium chloride wherein, and react 60 minutes, ageing was separated after 30 minutes, and obtain 1963mL second solution, its sulfate concentration is 2.74g/L, removes 72.06% sulfate radical.
Heavy calcium, get the water-bath that 1940mL second solution is placed in 90 DEG C, add 110% sodium carbonate, stirring reaction 50 minutes, ageing was separated after 30 minutes, and obtain 1880mL the 3rd solution, its calcium contents is 0.014g/L, and calcium clearance is 99.68%.
Concentrated, regulate described 3rd pH value of solution to be about 6 with hydrochloric acid, evaporation concentration 1860mL the 3rd solution, is separated after analysing salt, obtains 98mL primary concentration liquid, and wherein lithium concentration is 41.92g/L.
Extract Quilonum Retard, get the water-bath that 80mL primary concentration liquid is placed in 80 DEG C, add the saturated sodium carbonate solution of excessive 5%, stirring reaction 60 minutes, ageing was separated after 60 minutes, obtained solid carbonic acid lithium.
With the hot wash solid carbonic acid lithium 2 times of 80 DEG C, dry, obtain 17.02g solid carbonic acid lithium product.
Lithium total recovery: 87.78%.
The above the specific embodiment of the present invention, does not form limiting the scope of the present invention.Any various other done by technical conceive of the present invention change and distortion accordingly, all should be included in the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.

Claims (10)

1., from a method for the rough separation and Extraction lithium of Lithium Sulphate, it is characterized in that:
Described Lithium Sulphate is rough to be obtained through a series of salt pans separating technology by certain salt lake brine, will carry out the extraction of lithium, comprise the following steps after broken for this breeze mixing:
S1 demagging, mixes rough for described Lithium Sulphate breeze with water, adds calcium oxide to precipitate magnesium, reaction 1h to 5h, ageing 1h to 3h, and solid-liquid separation, makes demagging rate reach more than 85%, obtains the first solution and solid slag;
S2 sulfate radical, adds calcium chloride to remove sulfate radical in described first solution, reaction 30min to 90min, ageing 10min to 60min, and solid-liquid separation, makes the concentration of sulfate radical be less than 5g/L, obtain the second solution and solid calcium sulphate;
S3 sinks calcium, in 60-90 DEG C, in described second solution, adds sodium carbonate with precipitated calcium, reaction 30min to 90min, ageing 10min to 60min, and solid-liquid separation, makes the clearance of calcium reach more than 85%, obtains the 3rd solution and solid carbonic acid calcium;
S4 concentrates, and regulates described 3rd pH value of solution to be 3 ~ 8 with hydrochloric acid, then by its evaporation concentration, separates out solid, obtains primary concentration liquid after solid-liquid separation;
S5 extracts Quilonum Retard, in 60-95 DEG C, adds sodium carbonate to precipitate Quilonum Retard in described primary concentration liquid, and reaction 30min to 90min, ageing 20min to 60min, solid-liquid separation, obtains solid carbonic acid lithium and filtrate.
2. the method for claim 1, also comprises step:
Step S5 gained filtrate recycled, by it with after hcl acidifying, then adjust pH to 6 ~ 8 with sodium hydroxide, then concentrated, freezingly isolate solid with precipitated sodium potassium mixed salt, liquid phase is back to step S1, breeze rough with Lithium Sulphate mixes together with water.
3. the method for claim 1, also comprises step:
Reclaim calcium carbonate, the solid carbonic acid calcium obtained is calcined, and the calcium oxide of generation is used in step S1 in step S3.
4. method as claimed any one in claims 1 to 3, wherein, in step S1, the add-on of water is 5 ~ 20 times of powdered ore quality.
5. method as claimed any one in claims 1 to 3, wherein, in step S1, the add-on of calcium oxide is 90% to 105% of calcium oxide Theoretical Mass needed for precipitation magnesium.
6. method as claimed any one in claims 1 to 3, wherein, in step S2, the add-on of calcium chloride is 100% to 115% of calcium chloride Theoretical Mass needed for precipitated sulfur acid group.
7. method as claimed any one in claims 1 to 3, wherein, in step S3, the add-on of sodium carbonate is 90% to 110% of sodium carbonate Theoretical Mass needed for precipitated calcium.
8. method as claimed any one in claims 1 to 3, wherein, in step S4, the solid of precipitation is the mixed salt of sodium-chlor or sodium-chlor and Repone K, and in primary concentration liquid, lithium concentration is 10-50g/L.
9. method as claimed any one in claims 1 to 3, wherein, in step S5, the sodium carbonate added is saturated sodium carbonate solution or sodium carbonate solid, and the add-on of sodium carbonate is 100% to 115% of the theoretical amount of substance of sodium carbonate needed for sinker.
10. method as claimed any one in claims 1 to 3, wherein, the Li containing 17.05wt% to 40.09wt% during described Lithium Sulphate is rough 2sO 4h 2o, and comprise NaCl, MgSO 47H 2o, carnallitite water soluble ingredient.
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