CN103891222A - Resizing existing traffic flow in optical transport network - Google Patents
Resizing existing traffic flow in optical transport network Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/25—Flow control; Congestion control with rate being modified by the source upon detecting a change of network conditions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
- H04J3/16—Time-division multiplex systems in which the time allocation to individual channels within a transmission cycle is variable, e.g. to accommodate varying complexity of signals, to vary number of channels transmitted
- H04J3/1605—Fixed allocated frame structures
- H04J3/1652—Optical Transport Network [OTN]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/17—Interaction among intermediate nodes, e.g. hop by hop
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/33—Flow control; Congestion control using forward notification
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/35—Flow control; Congestion control by embedding flow control information in regular packets, e.g. piggybacking
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Abstract
In an optical transport network a traffic flow comprises data grouped into a number of resizable data units, encapsulated by optical transport frames, each having a frame overhead. A rate of the traffic flow is changed bychanging (220) the data unit overhead and changing (230) at the source node the frame overhead to indicate a change in rate of an optical signal carrying the traffic flow. An optical transmission part (70) is tuned to transmit at the new rate, and at any intermediate nodes (20) along the route the indication of the change in rate is detected in the frame overhead so that the traffic flow on a next optical link is transmitted at the new rate. Thus optical bandwidth allowed for enlarging the data units, can be saved, and electrical processing of data units at the nodes can be simplified, reducing power consumption.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to operational light transmission network method, operate the source node of this network method, operate the method for the intermediate node of this network, as the exercisable node of source node, as the exercisable node of intermediate node and corresponding computer program.
Background technology
Communication network, for example optical-fiber network usually adopt wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) or dense wave division multipurpose (DWDM) to increase transmission capacity.In WDM and DWDM network, multiple optical channels carry with disparate wavelength in single fiber.Wavelength or the quantity of channel and the bandwidth of channel or the size of network capacity based in each optical fiber.In WDM, DWDM and other optical-fiber network, array waveguide grating (AWG), interleaver and/or fiber grating (FG) can be used for inserting separate service and at network node, business being carried out to multiplexing and demultiplexing at network node.In order to realize, wavelength path to be reconfigured as at different nodes and to separate or insert, the network node with optical switch can be provided, be called full light ROADM (reconfigurable OADM) node.
DWDM network uses conventionally than the many network elements of previous point-to-point optical link, for example image intensifer, multiplexer, demodulation multiplexer and dispersion compensation unit, and it can bring integrity problem and ensure monitoring.Therefore, need to transmit for managing and for the protection of the Overhead of scheme, to recover from equipment fault.Therefore, form G.709 optical transport network or OTN standard by international telecommunication union telecommunication's standardization (ITU-T), so that the administration functionality of DWDM optical-fiber network to be provided.OTN relates to and inserts Overhead frame (being called again digital wrapper), some as header append to signal before, and some, after for example FEC (forward error correction) appends to as telegram end.FEC can extend light span length by reducing the error rate (BER).
G.709 standard framing relates to ODU expense and OTU expense etc.
Just develop based on ITU-T OTN hierarchy G.709, to tackle new CBR and grouping client (client) current and requirement in the future aspect transmission in the light trunk of telecom operators.For fear of the proliferation of new ODUk container that is designated as transmission client in possible future, and in order to build " available (future proof) in the future " OTN network, ITU-T (being SG15 Q11 specifically) has defined a kind of ODU container of newtype: ODUflex.ODUflex is included in a upper revised edition G.709.ODUflex has following key property:
● OPUflex/ODUflex frame structure is with defined identical to other ODUk (k=0,1,2,3,4);
● any new CBR client of≤1.238G will be mapped in ODU0.>1.238G but the client that is less than or equal to 2.488320G will be mapped in ODU1;
● CBR client, surpass 2.488 Gbit/s (wherein bit rate error tolerance is up to ± 100 ppm)-except CBR2G5, CBR10G and CBR40G (it is mapped in ODU1, ODU2 and ODU3 and defines)-will shine upon via bit synchronization (BMP) to be mapped to ODUflex;
● new " grouping " client or VLAN will be mapped in ODUflex via GFP-F;
● ODUflex signal must pass through HO-ODUk (, ODU2, ODU3 and ODU4) signal, passes through optical-fiber network and then pass through circuit, transmit via relevant OTUk.ODUflex uses GMP (, general mapping process) to be mapped in HO-OPUk.
In addition, ITU-T has defined adjustment size protocol and has improved ODUflex flexibility.This agreement is definition in G.Hao/G.7044 recommends.According to the LCAS in SDH, this agreement will allow the adjustment size of size of ODUflex in the time increasing during " life cycle " of traffic carrying capacity waiting for transmission at ODUflex or reduce.
Now, the seemingly transmission of the selected stream of packets of optical-fiber network inside of the most interested application of ODUflex.For example, identified by particular vlan, can shine upon in specific ODUflex inside with the business of particular customer/association.From then on, that business can be at the optical transport network according to G.798 designed (, the network being formed by DWDM equipment and ODUk interconnection, wherein ODUk interconnection can exchange ODUflex) in route independently, and without re-routing and arrive at present packet level whenever that business.
Summary of the invention
Embodiments of the invention provide improves one's methods and equipment.According to a first aspect of the present invention, the method for operational light transmission network is provided, it has the following step: send Business Stream by one or more optical links, edge from source node to destination node through the route of the node of optical transport network.Business Stream comprises the data that are organized as multiple adjusting data cells, each data cell has data cell expense, at least some nodes of node have the switch that is set to data cell routing, multiple data cells are encapsulated by light transmission frame, and each smooth transmission frame has the frame overhead associated with the optical link that carries Business Stream.The speed that changes Business Stream relates to the adjustment size with any designation data unit of the switch to along route in source node change data cell expense, and changing at source node the rate variation that frame overhead carries the light signal of Business Stream with any node to along route (its termination optical link) instruction, rate variation is corresponding to the adjustment size of data cell.In addition, at source node, the data of Business Stream are organized as and adjust big or small data cell, it adopts light transmission frame to encapsulate.This can directly carry out, instead of needs intermediate package to as the G.709 high-order data cell with fixed size of defined of ITU-T.Optical communication means is tuned to new speed and in light signal, transmits frame.At any intermediate node along route (wherein termination light signal), the instruction that detection rates changes in frame overhead.The optical communication means of this intermediate node is tuned on the next optical link along route, carrys out transport service stream according to the instruction of rate variation with new speed.The beneficial effect that light transmission is tuned to transmit light signal with the big or small corresponding different rates of adjustment of data cell is, can save the light belt that expansion data cell is allowed wide for other Business Stream.In addition, can simplify in the electric treatment of the data cell of node, how adopt the difference size of data cell to fill the fixed size of high-order data cell because no longer need node to calculate.Therefore, the power consumption of this High-speed Electric processing can reduce, as chip size can reduce the same with cost.Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
Any supplementary features can be added or can be abandoned, and a part as described below.At least some optical links of the optical link of network can have the flexible grid of bandwidth assignment, and can have the step of carrying out assignment bandwidth again according to indicated rate variation.A beneficial effect is more effectively using of spectrum.For example, referring to Figure 11.
Tuning step can comprise following any or multiple: the quantity that changes modulation format, changes baud rate and change the subcarrier using in multi-carrier modulation form.A beneficial effect is, these can be tuning quickly.For example, referring to Fig. 2.
The data cell of adjusting can have according to the structure of ODUflex G.709.Beneficial effect is and the compatibility of existing equipment and node.For example, referring to Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Figure 10.
Can exist all nodes of inspection all can carry out the step of rate variation.Before transmitting frame with new speed from source node, can there is the following step: to the instruction changing along all node transmission rates of route; There is the ability of new speed in each node inspection; And etc. until source node receive about all nodes and all there is the confirmation of this ability from destination node.A beneficial effect is to cause fault and the reduction of the possibility of the introducing of the new speed of interrupting service stream thus.For example, referring to Fig. 4.
Can there is the step of adjusting big or small control overhead and change frame overhead by interpolation, and check that step can be according to being applicable to the G.Hao-G.7044 of the big or small control overhead of the adjustment in frame overhead, to carry out without interrupt mode.Its beneficial effect is, rate variation is better controlled and be more compatible with existing node.For example, referring to Fig. 4, Fig. 7, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9.
ODUflex unit can directly be multiplexed with light transmission frame, and multiplexing without middle high-order.A beneficial effect is, digital processing amount can significantly reduce the multiplexing needs of this high-order by avoiding.For example, referring to Figure 10.
The instruction of rate variation can comprise new branch road number of timeslots (TSNUM), and the step that detects the instruction of new speed can have the step that detects new branch road number of timeslots and determine new speed with new branch road number of timeslots.A beneficial effect is, node respectively can be easier to make light signal rate-matched to adjust size.For example, referring to Fig. 9 and Figure 10.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of method of source node of operational light transmission network, there is the following step: by one or more optical links, route along the node through optical transport network sends Business Stream from source node to destination node, Business Stream comprises the data that are organized as multiple adjusting data cells, each data cell has data cell expense, at least some nodes of node have the switch that is set to data cell routing, multiple data cells are encapsulated by light transmission frame, each smooth transmission frame has the frame overhead associated with the optical link that carries Business Stream, and the speed of change Business Stream.This can carry out through the following steps: change the adjustment size of data cell expense with any designation data unit of the switch to along route at source node; And changing at source node the rate variation that frame overhead carries the light signal of Business Stream with any node to along route (its termination optical link) instruction, the variation of speed is corresponding to the adjustment size of data cell.Then,, at source node, there is the following step: the data of Business Stream are organized as and adjust big or small data cell; Adopt light transmission frame to encapsulate and adjust big or small data cell; And optical communication means is tuned to new speed and in light signal, transmits frame.
A kind of method of intermediate node of operational light transmission network is provided on the other hand, wherein: sent Business Stream from source node to destination node through the route of the node of optical transport network by one or more optical links, edge, Business Stream comprises the data that are organized as multiple adjusting data cells, each data cell has data cell expense, at least some nodes of node have the switch that is set to data cell routing, multiple data cells are encapsulated by light transmission frame, and each smooth transmission frame has the frame overhead associated with the optical link that carries Business Stream; And by changing the adjustment size of data cell expense with any designation data unit of the switch to along route, and change the rate variation that frame overhead carries the light signal of Business Stream with any node to along route (its termination optical link) instruction, changed the speed of Business Stream, rate variation is corresponding to the adjustment size of data cell.The method has the following step: the instruction of the rate variation in the intermediate node detection frame overhead along route; And the optical communication means of this intermediate node is tuned on the next optical link along route, carrys out transport service stream according to the instruction of rate variation with new speed.
Provide on the other hand a kind of for optical transport network, as for by one or more optical links, be sent to the exercisable node of source node of the Business Stream of destination node from source node along the route of the node through optical transport network, Business Stream comprises the data that are organized as multiple adjusting data cells, each data cell has data cell expense, at least some nodes of node have the switch that is set to data cell routing, multiple data cells are encapsulated by light transmission frame, each smooth transmission frame has the frame overhead associated with the current optical link that carries Business Stream.This node has: data cell processor, be arranged to respond with the adjustment size of any designation data unit of the switch to along route by changing data cell expense the request of the speed that changes Business Stream; And framer, to be arranged to change the rate variation that frame overhead carries the light signal of Business Stream with any node to along route (its termination optical link) instruction, rate variation is corresponding to the adjustment size of data cell.Also have tunable optical transmission part, it is arranged in along on the next optical link of route, carry out transport service stream according to the instruction of rate variation with different rates.
Provide on the other hand a kind of for optical transport network, as for by one or more optical links, be sent to the exercisable node of intermediate node of the Business Stream of destination node from source node along the route of the node through optical transport network, Business Stream comprises the data that are organized as multiple adjusting data cells, each data cell has data cell expense, at least some nodes of node have the switch that is set to data cell routing, multiple data cells are encapsulated by light transmission frame, each smooth transmission frame has the frame overhead associated with the current optical link that carries Business Stream.This node has: data are extracted parts, is arranged to detect the instruction of the adjustment size of designation data unit in the data cell of Incoming Business Stream; Frame reader, is arranged in the instruction that detects the rate variation of the light signal that carries Business Stream in the frame overhead of Incoming Business Stream, and rate variation is corresponding to the adjustment size of data cell; And tunable optical transmission part, be arranged in along on the next optical link of route, carry out transport service stream according to the instruction that detects of rate variation with different rates.
Tunable optical transmission part can be by change following any or multiple tunable: the quantity of the subcarrier using in modulation format, baud rate and multi-carrier modulation form.This node can be arranged so that before transmitting frame with new speed, and this node is to the instruction changing along all node transmission rates of route, and etc. until it receives the confirmation about all nodes with this ability from destination node.
The frame overhead changing can comprise adjusts big or small control overhead, and this node can be arranged to check that it has the ability corresponding with new speed, and if the frame overhead of change is delivered to next node.
This node can be arranged to according to being applicable to the G.Hao-G.7044 of the adjustment size control overhead in frame overhead, to carry out inspection without interrupt mode.
The data cell of adjusting can have according to the structure of ODUflex G.709, and can directly be multiplexed with light transmission frame, and multiplexing without middle high-order.
This node can have switch, and it is for carrying out reciprocal exchange of business stream according to data cell expense.
Any of supplementary features can combine and combine with either side.Particularly, by comparing with other prior art, other effect and result will be that those skilled in the art is apparent.Can carry out many changes and amendment, and not deviate from claim of the present invention.Therefore, it should be clearly know that, form of the present invention is illustrative, instead of will limit the scope of the invention.
Brief description of the drawings
Now with reference to accompanying drawing, describe and can how to implement the present invention as an example, accompanying drawing comprises:
Fig. 1 illustrates according to the schematic diagram of the source of an embodiment, centre and destination node,
Fig. 2 illustrates by according to some performed steps of the node of an embodiment,
Fig. 3 illustrates by according to some performed steps of the node of another embodiment, wherein relates to the ability and the capacity that check intermediate node,
Fig. 4 illustrates by according to the time diagram of the performed step of the node of an embodiment, wherein relates to the ability and the loopback instruction that before retuning, check node,
Fig. 5 illustrates the schematic diagram of the example of the node with framer and electric switch,
Fig. 6 illustrates the schematic diagram for the OTU frame in an embodiment and OTU expense,
Fig. 7 illustrates the schematic diagram for the ODU frame in an embodiment and ODU expense,
Fig. 8 illustrates the schematic diagram of the Overhead that uses the multiplexing conventional scheme of high-order,
Fig. 9 illustrates according to the schematic diagram of the Overhead of an embodiment,
Figure 10 illustrates by according to some performed steps of the node of another embodiment, relates to and in OUT frame overhead, encapsulates ODUflex and take the form of new branch road number of timeslots to indicate new speed, and
Figure 11 illustrates by according to some performed steps of the node of another embodiment, wherein relates to and change bandwidth assignment.
Embodiment
To describe the present invention for specific embodiment and with reference to some accompanying drawing, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and limited by claims.Described accompanying drawing is just schematic, and is nonrestrictive.In accompanying drawing, for convenience of explanation, the size of subelement may be passed through and be amplified, and does not draw to scale.
Definition:
The in the situation that of using term " to comprise " in this description and claims, its do not queue up other element or step, and be not appreciated that and be restricted to after this components listed.In the time mentioning singular noun, use indefinite article or definite article, for example, " one ", " one ", " being somebody's turn to do ", " described " in the situation that, this comprises the plural number of that noun, unless separately added and illustrated.
The element of described node or network or part can be included in medium coding for carrying out the logic of information processing of any kind.Logic can be included in the software of encoding in disk or other computer-readable medium and/or the instruction of encoding in application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) (ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other processor or hardware.Mention the switching node that node can comprise any kind, and be not limited to described type, be not limited to any integrated level or size or bandwidth or bit rate etc.
Mentioning software can be included in processing hardware directly or indirectly executable according to the program of any type of any language.
Mention the logic OR analog circuit that processor, hardware, processing hardware or circuit can be included in any kind integrated in any degree, and be not limited to general processor, digital signal processor, ASIC, FPGA, discrete assembly or logic etc.Mention processor and estimate to comprise the realization that uses multiple processors (for example, it can integrate, or in same node and deposit, or is distributed in diverse location).
Abbreviation
ASIC application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)
FPGA field programmable gate array
GMPLS GMPLS
IETF internet engineering task group
LSP label switched path
NE network element
NMS network management system
Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer/the demodulation multiplexer of ROADM
RSVP RSVP
RWA Route Selection and wavelength assignment
WSON wavelength switched optical network
WSS wavelength exchange section
CBR constant bit rate
GFP general-purpose group frame process
The general mapping process of GMP
HAO ODUflex adjusts without interrupting
LCR link connection is adjusted size
HO-ODUk high-order ODUk
The flexible light data cell of ODUflex
ODUk light data cell
OH expense
The flexible light PU Payload Unit of OPUflex
OPUk light PU Payload Unit
OTN optical transport network
The flexible OTU of OTUflex
OTUk optical transmission unit
RCOH adjusts big or small control overhead
RES retains
RP adjusts size protocol
TPID tributary port ID
TS props up channel time slot
TSCC props up channel time slot connectivity checking
TSGS props up channel time slot marshalling state
TSNUM branch road timeslot number
List of references
ITU-T?G.709：Interfaces?for?the?Optical?Transport?Network?(OTN)
ITU-T?G.Hao/G.7044：Hitless?adjustment?of?ODUflex
Introduce
By the introduction to embodiment, by explanation, how they solve some problems of conventional design.Use current techniques, even if ODUflex can adjust size to be applicable to effective traffic waiting for transmission, but the line signal of physical transfer ODUflex in network (, OTUk) always works in identical bit, and no matter the actual bit rate of the ODUflex of internal transmission.
This solution is not best (unless can make the OTUk aggregate capacity saturated by effective multiplexing many low capacity ODUflex/LO-ODUk).
First, the power consumption of Line cards is by identical with the card that receives/send OTUk all the time, and wherein inner ODUflex will always work in identical bit (, OTUk bit rate), even the inner few data of ODUflex positive transmission.For example, be appointed as the OTU3 that transmits ODUflex via middle HO-ODU3 and will there is all the time OTU3 bit rate (≈ 43G), and with ODUflex relation to bit rate.
Secondly, because ODUflex is mapped in HO-ODUk and transmits via centre, so Line cards is by HO-ODUk OH in the middle of necessary termination and processing all the time.This represents the additional character processing that uses power and take up room.
Although flexibility stops in ODU level, the only light of fractional saturation " pipeline " will be there is in transmission network all the time.Aspect DWDM transmission network, there is the high-order OTU container that is not full up and mean, in fact the part of the optical fiber spectrum of distributing for transmission can not be used for transmission information.
Carrying out about the improved work that uses " without grid " DWDM infrastructure with the spectrum efficiency in the DWDM transmission of the removal guard band associated with fixing ITU-T wavelength grid; but up to now, existing OTU hierarchy does not utilize this flexible infrastructure.
According to the new OTUk signal of an embodiment
With flexibleOTUk signal, change bit rate and can realize without the possibility with middle HO-ODUk layer according to the bit rate of the ODUflex of internal transmission:
-optical module tuning to be operated in optimization bit rate, thus power reduced; And
-avoid the needs of the HO-ODUk digital block to the processing for middle HO-ODUk.
This realizes the saving in the space in the size of framer FPGA of Line cards.Therefore, can exist power consumption to reduce and cost savings.
Current positive broad research " without grid " light switched transport network and node concept: fixing ITU-T wavelength channel grid can be composed and distribution and retention mechanism substitute by flexible optical fiber, to remove guard band and to discharge more multispectral for communication.
Aspect this, the management of the amplified spectrum in optical fiber is managed more similar by the aerial spectrum becoming to radio: the intelligence in network can distribute the transmission wavelength " frequency band " that has minimum and may expand to meet transmission range target, and the characteristic of configuration " transponder flexibly " is with the characteristic of the coupling light path of being set up.
" flexibly transponder " can by changes be used for the information that transmits subcarrier quantity with and adaptive its bit rate of modulation format and baud rate." transponder flexibly " may never use fixing OTU frame structure, but the feature of OTU framing remains important for network operation, management, fault queue and maintenance purpose.
At least some embodiment of the present invention allow to transmit ODUflex by new OTUflex signal with " flexibly " bit rate, and without HO-ODUk in the middle of being mapped as.In as the step-length of being propped up channel time slot now by the 1.25G that G.Hao supported, allow all the time the adjustment size of ODUflex.If compared with standard OTUk, this new OTUflex signal can have some amendment in OTUflex OH, adjusts size protocol to comprise ' modified ' link.In addition, propose to strengthen/simplify current G.Hao/G.7044 and adjust size protocol, make can obtain along each Line cards in path the information of the bit rate of Incoming OTUflex, and therefore its optical transceiver can be retuned into and be operated in optimization bit rate.
Fig. 1, Fig. 2, the node of the first embodiment
Fig. 1 illustrates according to the schematic diagram of multiple nodes of an embodiment.First node serves as the source node 10 from the given traffic streams of client.Section Point serves as the intermediate node 20 along path.The 3rd node serves as the destination node 30 in path.In typical path, can there are many other nodes along path.At source node, be formed as data cell from the data of client by data cell processor 40.Also add data cell expense here.The data cell with expense is passed to framer 50, and wherein multiple data cells are encapsulated by light transmission frame, respectively have the frame overhead associated with the optical link that carries Business Stream.Tuning control assembly 60 can carry out based on Overhead the speed of tuning tunable optical conveyer 70, to make optical link can be operated in the speed of mating with any adjustment size of data cell.Different parts can be in same chip or different chip or different cards etc., realize according to variety of way.
In intermediate node, exist optical receiver 80, frame reader 90, data to extract parts 100, switch element 110 and the conveyer chain similar to source node, wherein there is tunable optical conveyer 70, tuning control assembly 60, framer 50 and data cell processor 40.Frame reader is taken away frame overhead, and data are extracted parts receiving data units, and are fed to switch.40 employings of data cell processor refresh expense and come recombination data unit, and framer is added frame overhead as previously described.Tuning control assembly 60 can carry out based on Overhead the speed of tuning its tunable optical conveyer 70, to make next optical link can be operated in the speed of mating with any adjustment size of data cell.If necessary, tuning control assembly can also be tuned to optical receiver 80 and receive new speed.
At destination node, exist optical receiver 80, frame reader 90 and data to extract parts 100.Data are extracted parts and from signal, are extracted data cell, to be fed to client.If necessary, can provide tuning control assembly, receive new speed so that optical receiver 80 is tuned to.
Fig. 2 illustrates some steps of the step in the rate variation that makes the speed of optical link be applicable to the data that sent by clients entities.In step 200, Business Stream sends to destination from source.This path can be set up according to variety of way.Conventionally, source node receives the path list of for example node, is the list of wavelength assignment and out of Memory, for example reproduction position as required alternatively from network management system.In some cases, network management system can with the each node direct communication along path, to set up route.In other cases, source node can be set up path with following in-band message.
For surviving path, take RSVP-TE (traffic engineered) the PATH message of the form of common tags request to be issued to destination node (serving as Egress node) via the intermediate node along the path that proposes from source node (it serves as Ingress node).
Resource and pass-along message that intermediate node or the each surviving path of multiple intermediate node are required.Refuse message if there is no node, Egress node returns to RSVP-TE RESV message along path to Ingress node again, to make to confirm along the node in path the reservation of the resource bandwidth and the port on switch path, for the business of institute's request path, the signal type of specifying for message.Intermediate node transmits this message, and sets up path with reservation of resource, still indicates and on path, also there is no mobile service with appropriate state.If receive this return messages at source node, source node can suppose that path is ready in step 460.
Common tags request is the signaling for the label switched path in the network technology of any kind (LSP) by RSVP-TE.It defines and expansion in RFC 4328 in RFC 3471, to support G.709 OTN framework.It comprises public part (, for any switching technology) and technology relevant portion (, service parameter).
In step 210, source node receives the request that changes speed, or detects the rate variation of stream.At source node, data cell expense changes over instruction in step 220 and adjusts size.Then, frame overhead changes over the rate variation of pilot light signal corresponding to the adjustment size of data cell in the framer of source node.In step 235, adjust big or small data cell and formed by data cell processor, and be encapsulated in light transmission frame by framer.Alternatively, this step can be waited for the check result about all nodes with the ability of the new size of manipulation and speed.Can imagine the many examples that realize the mode checking, in some examples shown in the embodiment of the following stated.In other example, centralized entity can be carried out inspection with the model of network.Optical communication means is retuned into new speed (it is calculated to be corresponding to adjusting size) and is transmitted by tuning control assembly.
In step 240, at each intermediate node of termination light signal, read frame overhead, and carry out detection rates variation from frame overhead.At this node, in step 250, be tuned to the new speed of the instruction based on detecting in institute's received frame expense and transmit for the optical communication means transmitting to next node.At destination node, Business Stream receives with new speed, and deviated from network is to forward destination clients entities to.
Fig. 3 checked intermediate node before changing speed.
Fig. 3 illustrates that by according to some performed steps of the node of another embodiment, it is similar to Fig. 2, and relates to the ability and the capacity that check intermediate node.As in Fig. 2, in step 200, Business Stream sends to destination from source.In step 210, source node receives the request that changes speed, or detects the rate variation of stream.At source node, data cell expense changes over instruction in step 220 and adjusts size.Then, frame overhead changes over the rate variation of pilot light signal corresponding to the adjustment size of data cell in the framer of source node.Before forming and sending with new speed the step 235 of adjusting big or small data cell, there is step 232, step 232 intermediate node detect in expense, send, about the instruction of estimating or request rate changes.Intermediate node in these, exist carry out there is new rate capacity in switch and optical communication means (being conventionally embodied as Line cards) and the inspection of capacity about node.If any intermediate node to source node report, they do not have capacity again, if or they do not respond or do not pass on instruction, source node does not continue rate variation.
Otherwise, as in Fig. 2, in step 235, adjust big or small data cell and formed by data cell processor, and be encapsulated in light transmission frame by framer.Optical communication means is retuned into new speed (it is calculated to be corresponding to adjusting size) and is transmitted by tuning control assembly.Step 240,250 and 260 is as proceeded as described in Fig. 2 above.Can imagine and realize the alternate manner that can carry out the inspection of rate variation about node.Preliminary step when it can set up route by the pattern of requester network or conduct is carried out.
Fig. 4, the time diagram of node action of checking ability before adjusting size
Fig. 4 illustrates by according to the time diagram of the performed step of the node of an embodiment, wherein relates to and adjusts size and retune along the ability and the loopback instruction that check node before the optical transmission of each Nodes in path realizing.Left column illustrates the step of source node 10, and middle row illustrate the step of intermediate node 20, and right row illustrate the step of destination node 30.Time flows downward along figure.In step 300, source node receives the request that changes speed.In step 310, if source node has the ability of new speed, the instruction of estimating new speed is sent to other node along path by it.Each intermediate node receives instruction in step 320, checks whether it has this ability, and if instruction is sent to next node.If it does not have ability or capacity, it can be to source return error message, or can not transmit simply instruction.Destination node receives instruction in step 330, checks whether it has the ability of new speed, and returns along path about ability and the capacity along all nodes of route with new speed.In step 340, this instruction is delivered to source node by each intermediate node.At source node, in step 350, realize rate variation.Data cell forms with new size, and frame overhead is changed.Optical communication means is retuned into new speed, and adjust big or small data cell and transmit along path.In step 360, at each intermediate node, detect new frame header, and optical receiver is retuned into new speed, and at this moment transmitter part is retuned into new speed and transmitted.In step 370, destination node receives Business Stream with new speed.
Fig. 5, node view
Fig. 5 illustrates for use as the source node in described embodiment, intermediate node or destination node, has the schematic diagram of the example of the node (being called full light ROADM (reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer) node) of framer and electric switch.
Shown in node be ROADM, and there is electric switch 700, it is arranged to insert or a disassociation service by business or to point interface of inserting of taking client-side interface form.Switch is coupled to multiple Incoming light paths 1 ... i.WDM signal can be carried in each path, and it is fed to light prime amplifier 418, is then fed to wavelength demultiplexer 419.In WDM, DWDM and other optical-fiber network, array waveguide grating (AWG), interleaver and/or fiber grating (FG) can be used for inserting separate service and at network node, business being carried out to multiplexing and demultiplexing at network node.In order to realize, wavelength path to be reconfigured as separated at different nodes or to be inserted, the network node with optical switch can be provided.Wavelength separately is respectively fed to the input converter of taking electro-optic detector 420 forms in individual fibers 417.Each signal of telecommunication is all fed to the framer 710 of the circuit form of taking the OTN frame processing for for example comprising FEC processing.Then, signal exchanges by switch, so as by or be separated to client-side interface.
Another framer 710 is arranged on the output of switch, for processing and will outputing to output light path i+1 ... signal corresponding to all wavelengths on M.Obviously, do not need and the output of inputting equal number.After OTN frame is processed, output electrical signals is fed to the optical communication means of taking output translator 425 and multiplexer 421 forms.Optical signals multiplexer 421 at each wavelength is multiplexed with wdm optical signal.The clock rate that is converted to the digital signal of light signal by transducer 425 can be next tuning according to embodiment, with the speed of tuned light transmission.Substantially, this can carry out in the output of framer.Framer can be arranged in conjunction with the data cell processor for the electric treatment of data cell, and for example carry out following any:
The full SONET/SDH TOH of zero OC-768 and OC-192 signal processes (termination and generation)
Zero meets full OxU2 and OxU3 expense termination and generation G.709
04 signal asynchronous standard or overclocking (over-clocked) OTU3 of being polymerized to of independent 10G class
Zero 10GE LAN/WAN, FC-1200 and the monitoring of FC800 non-intruding performance
01 40 Gbps or four 10 Gbps branch road all-transparents and asynchronous mapping are OTU3 or four independent OTU2.
FEC is the decline of adding frame to before to frame scrambling.Frame has four lines.Every row is decomposed into 16 son row, is respectively made up of 255 bytes.Son row is made up of the byte that interweaves, and makes the first son row comprise the first expense (OH) byte, the first byte of payload and a FEC byte, and similar for its minor row of the every row in frame.The one FEC byte starts from the position 240 of all son row.FEC uses Reed-Solomon RS (255/239) coding techniques.This expression requires 239 bytes to calculate 16 byte parity.FEC can proofread and correct every height capable (code word) eight (byte) mistakes or detect altogether 16 byte errors and do not proofread and correct any altogether.G.709 the byte-interleaved ability comprising in realizing with ITU combines, and FEC is to more elasticity of error burst, and wherein each OTU frame is capable can proofread and correct 128 successive bytes altogether.Can imagine the variety of way that sends the request to transfer clock rate variation along path.
Fig. 6 to Fig. 9, OTUflex frame
Fig. 6 illustrates the schematic diagram for the OTU frame in an embodiment and OTU expense.OTUflex frame format can be the expansion of ODUflex simply, because OTUk is as the G.709 expansion of the ODUk of middle regulation.OTUflex frame structure can be based on thering is forward error correction (FEC) and OTU OH ODUflex frame structure.
As shown in Figure 6, frame has four lines, and OTU expense is made up of SM, GCC0 and RES byte after frame assignment byte FASOH, and starts from row 1 row 8.Section monitoring (SM) byte is followed the trail of identifier (TTI), parity check (BIP-8) and backward error indicator (BEI) or backward Incoming assignment mistake (BIAE), backward defect designator (BDI) and Incoming assignment mistake (IAE) for trace.
General Purpose Communication Channel 0 (GCCC0) is the clear channel (clear channel) for the transmission of the information between OTU tip node.Retain (RES) byte current undefined in standard.Therefore these bytes that, are positioned at row 1, the row 13 or 14 of OTUk frame can be used for sending the above-mentioned message relevant with change speed.Fig. 6 is also illustrated in the ITU FEC byte that G.709 every row of the frame in standard finishes.In Fig. 7, illustrate in greater detail OTUflex expense position.As specified in following trifle, OTUflex OH must be through amendment, to allow ODUflex LCR to adjust the transmission of size protocol.As mentioned above, available now in OTUk OH: two RES bytes (referring to Fig. 6); And two RES positions in SM byte.Fig. 8 illustrates compared with using in OPUflex RCOH, adjust the field of big or small control overhead (RCOH) for HO OPUk.Current, as defined in G.Hao, 12 of LCR protocol requirements add certain CRC (referring to the field of Fig. 8) for verification:
● 1xRP position;
● 1xTSCC position;
● 1xTSGS position;
● 1xCTRL position;
● 8xTPID position;
● 3xCRC-3 position;
● 5xCRC-5 position;
In order to have the LCR agreement similar as far as possible to defined agreement in G.Hao, even, in the case of the LCR of the adjustment size of the ODUflex for transmitting via OTUflex, above-mentioned 12 remain essential.
If use two RES bytes of OTUd OH, 6 can be used for indicating branch road number of timeslots (TSNUM), and according to it, ODUflex will increase or reduce (as described below).Therefore, the enhancing LCR in this proposal can support each increment/decrement of 64 TS altogether.
Fig. 9 illustrates that of field of the transmission of ' enhancing ' LCR that realizes RE1S1/RES2 byte inner may arrange.This illustrates that RES 1 is used for carrying RP position, TSCC position, TSGS position, CTRL position and 4 TPID positions.RES2 is used for carrying 4 TPID positions and 4 (if words of TSNUM).In above-mentioned proposal, CRC check disappearance.For this object, one of GCC0 byte can re-use.
In addition, can strengthen G.709, thereby also increase lower list.
G.HAO protocol enhancement/simplification
According to G.Hao-G.7044, the synchronous of the variation of the capacity that ODUflex connects realized by adjusting big or small control overhead (RCOH).RCOH is made up of the field that is exclusively used in specific function.Adjusting size protocol is made up of two sub-agreements: link connection adjusts size (LCR) and bandwidth is adjusted size (BWR).Specifically, LCR is responsible for checking whether two links between adjacent node can support the increase of the ODUflex of nxTS.Define in G.Hao as current, RCOH props up channel time slot expense (TSOH) and carries in OPUflex expense (referring to Fig. 8) at HO-OPUk.On the contrary, according to some embodiment, ODUflex is directly transferred in OTUflex, and is multiplexed with HO-ODUk without centre, therefore prop up by HO OPUk the RCOH that three bytes of channel time slot expense (TSOH) transmit now and will move to OTUflex OH.
Current, HO OPUk OH is responsible for transmitting LCR.Define as current, for example, in the time that two adjacent nodes (A and B) receive from management system the ODUflex (also comprising which TS of HO-ODUk for example, by the information being taken by the expansion of ODUflex (TS# 5 and TS#9)) for example ordering, to increase nxTS (n=2), they generate specific LCR.Whether this TS# and TS# 9 that checks the HO-ODUk of both direction (A → B, B → A) can use.Therefore, each node generates nxLCR agreement (, mono-of each TS that will increase progressively), to check the availability of the nxTS of HO-ODUk inside, increases with the bandwidth of " acceptance " ODUflex.
The in the situation that of OTUflex, LCR agreement is simpler and easy., there is no middle HO-ODUk here, therefore do not need to check whether have available TS.Unique inspection of doing is, whether XFP can support the increase of the OTUflex bit rate causing because of the bandwidth increments of the ODUflex of nxTS.
A single LCR agreement is enough to check nxTS increment possibility, instead of as now by the desired nx independence of G.Hao LCR agreement (mono-of each specific T S of mono-of each TS that, will increase progressively, the OH-ODUk being identified by NMS).
Therefore, the in the situation that of OTUflex, LCR simpler (the single message increasing for nxTS, instead of nx message).Even less from the information needed amount of user/NMS: the quantity that is enough to know the TS that will increase progressively.Do not need operator to specify the accurate location of the HO-ODUk inside that " newly " TS by ODUflex is taken.
As described in, at least some embodiment can help to make the OTN cloud of network or the operator of OTN layer can manage ODUflex service, improve the transmission of the across a network of power consumption and light bandwidth usage aspect, particularly for having flexibly or without the network of mesh bandwidth scheme.
Figure 10, by the embodiment of branch road number of timeslots indicated speed
Figure 10 illustrates by according to some performed steps of the node of another embodiment, and it is similar to Fig. 2 and relate to and in OTU frame overhead, encapsulate ODUflex and take the form of new branch road number of timeslots to indicate new speed.As in Fig. 2, in step 200, use ODUflex data cell that Business Stream is sent to destination from source.In step 210, source node receives the request that changes speed, or detects the rate variation of stream.At source node, ODUflex data cell expense changes over instruction in step 221 and adjusts size.Then,, in step 231, frame overhead changes over the adjustment size corresponding to data cell in the rate variation of pilot light signal aspect branch road number of timeslots in the framer of source node.In step 239, adjust big or small ODUflex data cell and formed by data cell processor, and be encapsulated in light transmission frame by framer.This directly carries out, and multiplexing without middle high-order.Under certain situation as above, this adjusts size and encapsulation can wait all nodes of examine can carry out adjustment size and accept and transmit new speed.Optical communication means is retuned into new speed (it is calculated to be corresponding to adjusting size from indicated branch road number of timeslots) and is transmitted by tuning control assembly.
In step 241, at each intermediate node of termination light signal, read frame overhead, and carry out detection rates variation by the calculating of the branch road timeslot number based in frame overhead.In step 251, at this node, new speed is calculated from branch road timeslot number, and is tuned to new speed and transmits for the optical communication means transmitting to next node.In step 260, at destination node, Business Stream receives with new speed, and deviated from network is to forward destination clients entities to.
Figure 11, relates to the embodiment that changes bandwidth assignment
Figure 11 illustrates by according to some performed steps of the node of another embodiment, wherein relates to and change bandwidth assignment.As in Fig. 2, in step 200, Business Stream sends to destination from source.In step 210, source node receives the request that changes speed, or detects the rate variation of stream.At source node, data cell expense changes over instruction in step 220 and adjusts size.Then, frame overhead changes over the rate variation of pilot light signal corresponding to the adjustment size of data cell in the framer of source node.In step 237, adjust big or small data cell and formed by data cell processor, and be encapsulated in light transmission frame by framer.In some cases, if need to guarantee reliability, this step can be waited for about all nodes and can carry out the check result of adjusting size and accepting and transmit new speed.Optical communication means is retuned into new speed (it is calculated to be corresponding to adjusting size) and is used new bandwidth assignment to transmit by tuning control assembly.Step 240,250 and 260 is as proceeded as described in Fig. 2 above.New bandwidth assignment can relate to the increase of time slot width and without moving to new time slot, or can relate to and move to new frequency band, and it implies different light colors.The latter can be to the explicit signaling of intermediate node, and it substantially can be in frame overhead or by separating message process or carrying out by the message of transmitting from network management system between node.
As has been described, in optical transport network, Business Stream comprises the data that are organized as multiple adjusting data cells, and data cell is encapsulated by light transmission frame, and light transmission frame respectively has frame overhead.By changing (220) data cell expense, and change (230) frame overhead to indicate the rate variation of the light signal that carries Business Stream at source node, change the speed of Business Stream.Optical communication means (70) is tuned to new speed and is transmitted, and at any intermediate node (20) along route, the instruction that detection rates changes in frame overhead, makes the Business Stream on next optical link transmit with new speed.Therefore, to expanding wide can the saving of light belt that allow of data cell, and can simplify in the electric treatment of the data cell of node, thereby reduce power consumption.Within the scope of claims, can imagine other variation.
Claims (20)
1. a method for operational light transmission network, has the following step:
Send Business Stream by one or more optical links, edge from source node to destination node through the route of the node of described optical transport network, described Business Stream comprises the data that are organized as multiple adjusting data cells, each data cell has data cell expense, at least some nodes of described node have the switch that is set to described data cell routing, multiple described data cells are encapsulated by light transmission frame, each smooth transmission frame has the frame overhead associated with the described optical link that carries described Business Stream, and
Change through the following steps the speed of described Business Stream:
At described source node, change described data cell expense and indicate with any of the described switch to along described route the adjustment size of described data cell,
Change the rate variation of described frame overhead to carry the light signal of described Business Stream to termination optical link, along any node instruction of described route at described source node, described rate variation is corresponding to the adjustment size of described data cell,
At described source node, the data of described Business Stream are organized as to the big or small data cell of described adjustment, adopt light transmission frame to encapsulate the big or small data cell of described adjustment, and optical communication means is tuned to described new speed and in light signal, transmits described frame,
At light signal described in termination, detect the instruction of the described rate variation in described frame overhead along any intermediate node of described route, and
The optical communication means of this intermediate node is tuned on the next optical link along described route, carrys out transport service stream according to the instruction of described rate variation with described new speed.
2. the method for claim 1, has and before transmitting described light signal with described new speed from described source node, checks the step that can carry out described rate variation along the described node of described route.
3. as the method for any one of the preceding claims, there is the following step: before transmitting described frame with described new speed from described source node, to the instruction that sends described rate variation along all described node of described route; There is the ability of described new speed in each node inspection; And etc. until described source node receive about all nodes and all there is the confirmation of described ability from described destination node.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, the step that changes described frame overhead comprises adding adjusts big or small control overhead, and described inspection step is according to being applicable to the G.Hao-G.7044 of the big or small control overhead of described adjustment in described frame overhead, to carry out without interrupt mode.
5. as the method for any one of the preceding claims, at least some optical links of the described optical link of described network have the flexible grid of bandwidth assignment, and described method has the step of carrying out bandwidth described in assignment again according to described indicated rate variation.
6. as the method for any one of the preceding claims, described tuning step comprise following any or multiple: the quantity that changes modulation format, changes baud rate and change the subcarrier using in multi-carrier modulation form.
7. as the method for any one of the preceding claims, described adjusting data cell has according to the structure of ODUflex G.709.
8. method as claimed in claim 7, described ODUflex unit is directly multiplexed with described smooth transmission frame, and multiplexing without middle high-order.
9. as the method for any one of the preceding claims, the instruction of described rate variation comprises new branch road number of timeslots (TSNUM), and the step that detects the instruction of described new speed has the step that detects described new branch road number of timeslots and determine described new speed with described new branch road number of timeslots.
10. a method for the source node of operational light transmission network, has the following step:
Send Business Stream by one or more optical links, edge from described source node to destination node through the route of the node of described optical transport network, described Business Stream comprises the data that are organized as multiple adjusting data cells, each data cell has data cell expense, at least some nodes of described node have the switch that is set to described data cell routing, multiple described data cells are encapsulated by light transmission frame, each smooth transmission frame has the frame overhead associated with the described optical link that carries described Business Stream, and
Change through the following steps the speed of described Business Stream:
At described source node, change described data cell expense and indicate with any of the described switch to along described route the adjustment size of described data cell,
Change the rate variation of described frame overhead to carry the light signal of described Business Stream to termination optical link, along any node instruction of described route at described source node, described rate variation is corresponding to the adjustment size of described data cell, and
At described source node, the data of described Business Stream are organized as to the big or small data cell of described adjustment, adopt light transmission frame to encapsulate the big or small data cell of described adjustment, and optical communication means is tuned to described new speed and in light signal, transmits described frame.
The method of the intermediate node of 11. 1 kinds of operational light transmission networks, wherein: by one or more optical links, route along the node through described optical transport network has sent Business Stream from source node to destination node, described Business Stream comprises the data that are organized as multiple adjusting data cells, each data cell has data cell expense, at least some nodes of described node have the switch that is set to described data cell routing, multiple described data cells are encapsulated by light transmission frame, each smooth transmission frame has the frame overhead associated with the described optical link that carries described Business Stream, and indicate the adjustment size of described data cell with any of the described switch to along described route by changing described data cell expense, and change the rate variation of described frame overhead to carry the light signal of described Business Stream to termination optical link, along any node instruction of described route, change the speed of described Business Stream, described rate variation is corresponding to the adjustment size of described data cell, and described method has the following step:
In the instruction that detects the described rate variation in described frame overhead along the described intermediate node of described route, and
The optical communication means of this intermediate node is tuned on the next optical link along described route, transmits described Business Stream according to the instruction of described rate variation with described new speed.
12. 1 kinds on computer-readable medium and there is the computer program of instruction, described instruction, in the time that the processor of the node by optical transport network is moved, makes described computer carry out the method as described in claim 9 or 10.
13. 1 kinds for optical transport network, as for by one or more optical links, be sent to the exercisable node of described source node of the Business Stream of destination node from source node along the route of the node through described optical transport network, described Business Stream comprises the data that are organized as multiple adjusting data cells, each data cell has data cell expense, at least some nodes of described node have the switch that is set to described data cell routing, multiple described data cells are encapsulated by light transmission frame, each smooth transmission frame has the frame overhead associated with the current described optical link that carries described Business Stream, and described node has:
Data cell processor, is arranged to indicate the adjustment size of described data cell to respond the request of the speed that changes described Business Stream by changing described data cell expense with any of the described switch to along described route,
Framer, is arranged to change the rate variation of described frame overhead to carry the light signal of described Business Stream to termination optical link, along any node instruction of described route, and described rate variation is corresponding to the adjustment size of described data cell, and
Tunable optical transmission part, is arranged in along on the next optical link of described route, transmit described Business Stream according to the instruction of described rate variation with different rates.
14. 1 kinds for optical transport network, as for by one or more optical links, be sent to the exercisable node of intermediate node of the Business Stream of destination node from source node along the route of the node through described optical transport network, described Business Stream comprises the data that are organized as multiple adjusting data cells, each data cell has data cell expense, at least some nodes of described node have the switch that is set to described data cell routing, multiple described data cells are encapsulated by light transmission frame, each smooth transmission frame has the frame overhead associated with the current described optical link that carries described Business Stream, and described node has:
Data are extracted parts, are arranged to detect the instruction of indicating the adjustment size of described data cell in the described data cell expense of Incoming Business Stream,
Framer, is arranged in the instruction that detects the rate variation of the light signal that carries described Business Stream in the frame overhead of described Incoming Business Stream, and described rate variation is corresponding to the adjustment size of described data cell, and
Tunable optical transmission part, be arranged in along on the next optical link of described route, according to described rate variation detect instruction transmit described Business Stream with different rates.
15. nodes as described in claim 13 or 14, described tunable optical transmission part be by change following any or multiple tunable: the quantity of the subcarrier using in modulation format, baud rate and multi-carrier modulation form.
16. nodes as claimed in claim 13, be arranged so that before transmitting described frame with described new speed, described node is to the instruction that sends described rate variation along all described node of described route, and etc. until it receives the confirmation about all nodes with described ability from described destination node.
17. as claim 14 or the node as described in any one in the above claim of dependent claims 14, wherein, the frame overhead of described change comprises adjusts big or small control overhead, and described Node configuration becomes to check that it has the ability corresponding with described new speed, and if the frame overhead of described change is delivered to next node.
18. nodes as claimed in claim 17, are arranged to according to being applicable to the G.Hao-G.7044 of the big or small control overhead of described adjustment in described frame overhead, to carry out described inspection without interrupt mode.
19. nodes as described in any one in claim 13 to 18, described adjusting data cell has according to the structure of ODUflex G.709, and is directly multiplexed with described smooth transmission frame, and multiplexing without middle high-order.
20. nodes as described in any one in the claim 15,16,17 of claim 14 or dependent claims 14,18 or 19, have the switch that exchanges described Business Stream according to described data cell expense.
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2013056739A1 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
| EP2745476A1 (en) | 2014-06-25 |
| US9118585B2 (en) | 2015-08-25 |
| US20130101292A1 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
| EP2745476B1 (en) | 2016-06-29 |
| CN103891222B (en) | 2017-06-27 |
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