CN103884625A - Data-fusion-based reservoir bottom mud density detection method and system - Google Patents
Data-fusion-based reservoir bottom mud density detection method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a data-fusion-based reservoir bottom mud density detection method and system. The system comprises a sampling device, a testing device and an analyzing device, wherein the sampling device is used for acquiring a bottom mud sample; the testing device is used for acquiring the relationship between the wave speed and depth of the bottom mud sample, the relationship between density and depth of the bottom mud sample, and the relationship between a reflection signal main frequency and the depth of the bottom mud sample; the analyzing device obtains the density of the bottom mud sample by analyzing and calculating the relationship between the density and the depth, the wave speed and the reflection signal main frequency; the testing device comprises a sub-bottom profiler, a transmitting transducer, a receiving transducer and a density testing instrument. The reservoir bottom ground layer reflection signal is recognized automatically by the method or the system provided by the invention; parameters of density and the like of a reservoir bottom ground layer are determined with combination of a low-disturbance sampling testing result, so that the bottom mud sampling is accurate, and the density detection is efficient.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Reservoir Sediment Detection Techniques field, especially the Reservoir Sediment density detection method and system based on data fusion.
Background technology
The identification of Reservoir Sediment feature relates to multiple detection method, and data volume is larger, if different detections and measurement result are integrated, adopts certain data fusion method, can identify preferably bed mud feature, uses manpower and material resources sparingly, and reaches identification quickly and accurately.
Reservoir Sediment detection method comprises the several different methods such as bed mud sampling, acoustic sounding, prospecting by boring at present.The sampling equipment that Reservoir Sediment sampling is used has the sampling equipments such as grab type, box, freezing type, gravity type.The equipment of bed mud acoustic sounding under water mainly contains: multibeam sounding system, sub-bottom profiler and side scan sonar equipment, they have similar principle of work: launch sound wave by acoustic transducer to surveying water body, sound wave produces reflection and scatter echo after running into the bottom (seabed) or barrier, acoustic transducer receives after echoed signal, processing unit is according to echo amplitude and phase calculation sound wave hourage, calculate again the actual propagation distance of sound wave according to the Sound speed profile of exploration water body, then according to transmitting angle of release, and the attitude parameter of motion sensor calculates position and the water depth value of echoed signal, also record back wave amplitude and strength information simultaneously.Data fusion technique, comprise the useful information that various information sources are provided collection, transmission, comprehensive, filter, relevant and synthetic so that auxiliary people survey, analysis, situation judgement, planning, checking, diagnosis etc.Mainly there is two large problems in the sampling equipments such as grab type, box, freezing type, gravity type: sample leakage problem during to the perturbed problem of sample and sampling when sampling, can cause institute's sample thief testing result deviation larger, can not well represent the genuine property of bed mud.
Utilize sub-bottom profiler to carry out acoustic sounding, be suitable for depth of water scope large, and it is large to penetrate reservoir area bed mud thickness, but can only produce reflection echo running into after the bottom (seabed) or barrier, echo information has characterized the interface that runs into different medium object, but cannot specifically quantize to draw the density data of diverse location bed mud, cannot utilize information of acoustic wave to inquire into the density feature of shoal materials.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention has been to provide a kind of Reservoir Sediment density detection method and system based on data fusion, use method of the present invention or system automatically to identify stratum, bottom of the reservior reflected signal, in conjunction with low disturbance sample test results, judge the parameters such as bottom of the reservior density of earth formations, reach bed mud sampling more accurate, density detection is more efficient.
The invention provides a kind of Reservoir Sediment density detection system based on data fusion, described system comprises sampling equipment, testing apparatus and analytical equipment, and wherein, described sampling equipment is used for obtaining bed mud sample; Described testing apparatus is for obtaining the velocity of wave of bed mud sample and the relation of the degree of depth, the relation of relation, reflected signal dominant frequency and the degree of depth of density and the degree of depth; Described analytical equipment, by the relation between analytical calculation density and the degree of depth, velocity of wave, reflected signal dominant frequency, obtains the density of described bed mud sample.
Further, described sampling equipment is the low disturbance sampling equipment based on gravity type piston technology, comprises guiding device, flip flop equipment, sampler, and the bushing pipe of described sampler is transparent PC pipe, and internal diameter is that 90mm, pipe range are 10m.
Further, described testing apparatus comprises sub-bottom profiler, transmitting transducer, receiving transducer and density test instrument, and described transmitting transducer is consistent with the transmission signal parameters of described sub-bottom profiler.
Further, the frequency of operation of described sub-bottom profiler is 2-20kHz, and the Reservoir Sediment thickness that can survey is 0-100m, operating depth scope 0-500m.
The present invention also provides a kind of Reservoir Sediment density detection method based on data fusion, and wherein, described method comprises:
Step 2, test ship carry the measuring point that sampling equipment select at reservoir and carry out low disturbance sampling work, and the bed mud Sample storage obtaining, in bushing pipe, be sent testing laboratory back to after will bushing pipe sealing;
Step 3, the bed mud sample degree of depth of getting be, sample is divided into n piece, and the thickness of every is dz, carries out the acoustical testing of bed mud sample, obtains acoustic velocity data, and the function v that is depth z by velocity of wave data fitting
1(z), by fitting function v
1(z) at depth z > z
1interval is expanded;
Step 4, above-mentioned bed mud sample carry out density measurement by density test instrument, and density data are fitted to the function ρ of depth z
1(z), by fitting function at depth z > z
1interval is expanded;
Step 5, sound wave through transmission technique detect the absorption function of every bed mud sample: transmitting transducer transmitting linear FM signal (LFM) s
lfm, this signal is consistent with the transmission signal parameters of sub-bottom profiler, and the reception signal of receiving transducer is
(i=1～n), the response function of bed mud sample is
fft is Fourier transform, because reflected signal is that round trip is propagated, does not consider the impact of reflection coefficient, and the test block response function of round trip travelling is:
if have reflection horizon at degree of depth * dz place, do not consider reflective index impacts, reflected signal frequency-domain function is
Get
dominant frequency, obtains reflected signal
dominant frequency with the variation function of depth z;
The reception signal s of sub-bottom profiler
mea(t), s
mea(t) time span is T
mea, by s
mea(t) carry out time-domain windowed, T represents windowing time span, t
0represent time delay (0 < t
0< T
mea), get the Fourier transform fft () of windowing signal, obtaining dominant frequency is f, the corresponding degree of depth of this signal meets function;
Step 6, be increased to from 0, if () do not meet function f, the silt density of depth is that velocity of longitudinal wave is; If () meets function f, judge at depth and have reflection horizon.
Further, before described step 2, also has step 1, test ship carries sub-bottom profiler, record the sonic data scanning on a survey line, the reservoir bottom configuration shown according to ultra sonic scanner data-switching, on survey line, selected relatively flat position is as the measuring point of low disturbance sampling work.
Further, obtaining of described bed mud sample is divided into: decentralization process, trigger process, sampling process and removal process four-stage, when sampling equipment is transferred to while also having a segment distance apart from river bed, counterweight block first touches riverbed, lever out of trim, triggers releasing mechanism action, and sampler subject freedom falls, under the effect of deadweight and inertia, insert in drift, sampler lower end adopts pawl spring structure to cut off and hold drift; The suction producing due to piston is offset the friction force balance between sampler inwall and sample, has just been full of the bed mud sample of low disturbance in sampler.
Further, the thickness l of described bed mud sample
c, in water tank, add water, fixed transmission transducer and receiving transducer, transmitting transducer transmits, and records receiving transducer time of reception t
1, obtain the velocity of wave v of water
w=l
1/ t
1; Between transmitting transducer and receiving transducer, place bed mud sample, detect by through transmission technique, obtain sound wave and penetrate the travel-time t of bed mud sample
2, the velocity of wave of bed mud sample is v
c=l
c/ (t
2-l
2/ v
w-l
3/ v
w).
Compared with prior art, good effect of the present invention is:
(1) use low disturbance sampling equipment, can obtain longer reservoir area bed mud original state sample, prospecting by boring sampling relatively, gravity type sampling, grab type sampling, improve efficiency, reduce cost, alleviate sampleman and made the disturbing influence to sample, can obtain bed mud physical characteristics parameter more accurately.
(2) use sub-bottom profiler to carry out ultra sonic scanner, acoustic emission frequency is lower, and the sound wave electric pulse energy of generation is larger, has stronger penetration power, the effectively stratum of ten meters of the through-fall truth of a matter, and also detection efficiency is high, accuracy is high.
(3) utilize shop experiment to obtain data and the density data of reservoir area bed mud velocity of wave, be different function curves by two kinds of data fittings, find out the correlationship of the two, function is rationally expanded, can inquire into the density feature that the following bed mud of institute's sample thief degree of depth, spend more deeply lower density characterisitic parameter thereby obtain reservoir area bed mud.
(4) utilize the sonic data of sub-bottom profiler scanning and the curve of foundation to compare, utilize signal spectrum feature to identify fast formation parameter, be conducive to reservoir area bed mud bedding analysis.
(5) form a set of efficient Reservoir Sediment density detection method, it is wide that the method is suitable for reservoir scope, can apply to other numerous reservoirs, improved Reservoir Sediment detection efficiency, administers exploitation important basic data is provided for reservoir.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is sampling process schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is indoor acoustic velocity test schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The object of the invention is the data processing method proposing based on Data fusion technique, integrated low disturbance sampling equipment sampling detects data and sub-bottom profiler acoustic sounding data, form a set of efficient Reservoir Sediment detection method, thereby density and structure that can quick obtaining Reservoir Sediment, can be the husky migration rule of the water of more in depth analyzing and researching basic data is provided, huge reservoir flood control sand discharge is significant.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is further described in detail.
Yellow River In Recent Years Institute of Hydro-Technical Research uses for reference deep-sea drift fidelity sampling principle, transform and develop the low disturbance column deep water reservoir area sampling equipment based on gravity type piston technology: Yang Yong, Zhang Qingxia, Chen Hao, Zheng Jun shows " the low disturbance sampling equipment of huge reservoir design and functions is analyzed [C] ". the 5th international symposium, the Yellow River paper, 2012.09; Yang Yong, Zheng Jun, Chen Hao shows " Machine Design of the low disturbance sampling equipment of huge reservoir ". Advances In Science And Technology of Water Resources, 2012,32 (S2): 18-19: sampling equipment internal diameter 90mm, the pipe range 10m of design.Principle is: sampler subject freedom falls, and under the effect of deadweight and inertia, inserts in drift, and sampler lower end adopts pawl spring structure to cut off and hold drift.The suction producing due to piston is offset the friction force balance between sampler inwall and sample, like this, has just been full of the drift sample of low disturbance in sampler.The deep water sampling preliminary test of carrying out in Reservoir Area of Sanmenxia shows, for soft channel aggradation silt, can obtain original state cylindrical sample more than thickness 3m, but for hard shoal materials, because soil particle angle of friction is larger, and shoal materials packing is larger, causes sampling effect undesirable.
Method of the present invention is to obtain Reservoir Sediment sample (being called again test block) by low disturbance sampling equipment, through sub-bottom profiler, test obtains bed mud physical property with change in depth rule, further carry out acoustical testing through sub-bottom profiler, obtain the attenuation change function of acoustic propagation characteristic, analysis by this function application to the test data of shallow seismic profile instrument, predict whether faint reflection horizon exists, do not exist in the situation of reflection horizon, its bed mud physical property meets in-situ test prediction of result function.
It is cylindric sample that low disturbance sampling equipment is obtained original state sample, and diameter is less than or equal to 90mm, and length is less than or equal to 8m, sample is installed in bushing pipe, bushing pipe is transparent PC pipe, is easy to cutting section, and with the naked eye clear distinguishing taken out sample layering, color and proterties.
What Reservoir Sediment acoustic sounding scanning work used is sub-bottom profiler, and its frequency of operation is 2-20kHz, and can survey reservoir area bed mud thickness is 0-100m, operating depth scope 0-500m.
Reservoir Sediment detection method based on data fusion, mainly comprises the steps:
Step 1, test ship carry sub-bottom profiler, record the sonic data scanning on a survey line, the reservoir bottom configuration shown according to ultra sonic scanner data-switching, and on survey line, selected relatively flat position is as the measuring point of low disturbance sampling work;
Step 2, as shown in Figure 1, low disturbance sampling equipment is mainly made up of parts such as guiding device, flip flop equipment, samplers.Obtaining roughly of test block is divided into: decentralization process, trigger process, sampling process and removal process four-stage, when sampling equipment is transferred to while also having a segment distance apart from river bed, counterweight block first touches riverbed, lever out of trim, the action of triggering releasing mechanism, sampler subject freedom falls, and under the effect of deadweight and inertia, inserts in drift, and sampler lower end adopts pawl spring structure to cut off and hold drift.The suction producing due to piston is offset the friction force balance between sampler inwall and sample, like this, has just been full of the bed mud sample of low disturbance in sampler.Test ship carries the measuring point that sampling equipment selected at reservoir and carries out low disturbance sampling work, and institute's sample thief is kept in bushing pipe, sends bushing pipe good seal back to testing laboratory;
Step 3, as shown in Figure 2, the thickness l of bed mud sample
c, in water tank, add water, fixed transmission transducer and receiving transducer (in test process, test block and transducer are all under water), transmitting transducer transmits, and records receiving transducer time of reception t
1, obtain the velocity of wave v of water
w=l
1/ t
1.Between transmitting transducer and receiving transducer, place sample, in bed mud sample both sides, detect by through transmission technique, obtain sound wave and penetrate the travel-time t of test block
2, the velocity of wave of test block is v
c=l
c/ (t
2-l
2/ v
w-l
3/ v
w).The bed mud sample degree of depth of getting is, sample is divided into n piece, and the thickness of every is dz, carries out the acoustical testing of bed mud sample, obtains acoustic velocity data, and the function v that is depth z by velocity of wave data fitting
1(z), by fitting function v
1(z) at depth z > z
1interval is expanded;
Step 4, above-mentioned sample is carried out to the test of bed mud sample rate by density test instrument, and density data is fitted to the function ρ of depth z
1(z), by fitting function at depth z > z
1interval is expanded;
Step 5, sound wave through transmission technique detect the absorption function of every sample: transmitting transducer transmitting linear FM signal (LFM) s
lfm, this signal is consistent with the transmission signal parameters of sub-bottom profiler, receives signal to be
(i=1～n), the response function of the test block of sampling is
fft is Fourier transform, because reflected signal is that round trip is propagated, does not consider the impact of reflection coefficient, and the dielectric response function of round trip travelling is:
if have reflection horizon at degree of depth * dz place, do not consider reflective index impacts, reflected signal frequency-domain function is
Get
dominant frequency.Obtain reflected signal
dominant frequency with the variation function of depth z.
The reception signal s of sub-bottom profiler
mea(t), s
mea(t) time span is T
mea.By s
mea(t) carry out time-domain windowed, T represents windowing time span, t
0represent time delay (0 < t
0< T
mea), get the Fourier transform fft () of windowing signal, obtaining dominant frequency is f, the corresponding degree of depth of this signal meets function.
Step 6, be increased to from 0, if () do not meet function f, the silt density of depth is that velocity of longitudinal wave is; If () meets function f, judge at depth and have reflection horizon.
Described step 3, to step 6, can realize standardization in conjunction with computer hardware by computer program, effectively said method is promoted.
Compared with prior art, good effect of the present invention is:
(1) use low disturbance sampling equipment, can obtain longer reservoir area bed mud original state sample, prospecting by boring sampling relatively, gravity type sampling, grab type sampling, improve efficiency, reduce cost, alleviate sampleman and made the disturbing influence to sample, can obtain bed mud physical characteristics parameter more accurately.
(2) use sub-bottom profiler to carry out ultra sonic scanner, acoustic emission frequency is lower, and the sound wave electric pulse energy of generation is larger, has stronger penetration power, the effectively stratum of ten meters of the through-fall truth of a matter, and also detection efficiency is high, accuracy is high.
(3) utilize shop experiment to obtain data and the density data of reservoir area bed mud velocity of wave, be different function curves by two kinds of data fittings, find out the correlationship of the two, function is rationally expanded, can inquire into the density feature that the following bed mud of institute's sample thief degree of depth, spend more deeply lower density characterisitic parameter thereby obtain reservoir area bed mud.
(4) utilize the sonic data of sub-bottom profiler scanning and the curve of foundation to compare, utilize signal spectrum feature to identify fast formation parameter, be conducive to reservoir area bed mud bedding analysis.
(5) form a set of efficient Reservoir Sediment density detection method, it is wide that the method is suitable for reservoir scope, can apply to other numerous reservoirs, improved Reservoir Sediment detection efficiency, administers exploitation important basic data is provided for reservoir.
Claims (8)
1. the Reservoir Sediment density detection system based on data fusion, described system comprises sampling equipment, testing apparatus and analytical equipment, it is characterized in that: described sampling equipment is used for obtaining bed mud sample; Described testing apparatus is for obtaining the velocity of wave of bed mud sample and the relation of the degree of depth, the relation of relation, reflected signal dominant frequency and the degree of depth of density and the degree of depth; Described analytical equipment, by the relation between analytical calculation density and the degree of depth, velocity of wave, reflected signal dominant frequency, obtains the density of described bed mud sample.
2. system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described sampling equipment is the low disturbance sampling equipment based on gravity type piston technology, comprises guiding device, flip flop equipment, sampler, the bushing pipe of described sampler is transparent PC pipe, and internal diameter is that 90mm, pipe range are 10m.
3. system according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described testing apparatus comprises sub-bottom profiler, transmitting transducer, receiving transducer and density test instrument, and described transmitting transducer is consistent with the transmission signal parameters of described sub-bottom profiler.
4. system according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the frequency of operation of described sub-bottom profiler is 2-20kHz, and the Reservoir Sediment thickness that can survey is 0-100m, operating depth scope 0-500m.
5. the Reservoir Sediment density detection method based on data fusion, is characterized in that, described method comprises:
Step 2, test ship carry the measuring point that sampling equipment select at reservoir and carry out low disturbance sampling work, and the bed mud Sample storage obtaining, in bushing pipe, be sent testing laboratory back to after will bushing pipe sealing;
Step 3, the bed mud sample degree of depth of getting be, sample is divided into n piece, and the thickness of every is dz, carries out the acoustical testing of bed mud sample, obtains acoustic velocity data, and the function v that is depth z by velocity of wave data fitting
1(z), by fitting function v
1(z) at depth z > z
1interval is expanded;
Step 4, above-mentioned bed mud sample carry out density measurement by density test instrument, and density data are fitted to the function ρ of depth z
1(z), by fitting function at depth z > z
1interval is expanded;
Step 5, sound wave through transmission technique detect the absorption function of every bed mud sample: transmitting transducer transmitting linear FM signal (LFM) s
lfm, this signal is consistent with the transmission signal parameters of sub-bottom profiler, and the reception signal of receiving transducer is
(i=1～n), the response function of bed mud sample is
fft is Fourier transform, because reflected signal is that round trip is propagated, does not consider the impact of reflection coefficient, and the test block response function of round trip travelling is:
if have reflection horizon at degree of depth * dz place, do not consider reflective index impacts, reflected signal frequency-domain function is
Get
dominant frequency, obtains reflected signal
dominant frequency with the variation function of depth z;
The reception signal s of sub-bottom profiler
mea(t), s
mea(t) time span is T
mea, by s
mea(t) carry out time-domain windowed, T represents windowing time span, t
0represent time delay (0 < t
0< T
mea), get the Fourier transform fft () of windowing signal, obtaining dominant frequency is f, the corresponding degree of depth of this signal meets function;
Step 6, be increased to from 0, if () do not meet function f, the silt density of depth is that velocity of longitudinal wave is; If () meets function f, judge at depth and have reflection horizon.
6. method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, before described step 2, also has step 1, test ship carries sub-bottom profiler, record the sonic data scanning on a survey line, the reservoir bottom configuration shown according to ultra sonic scanner data-switching, on survey line, selected relatively flat position is as the measuring point of low disturbance sampling work.
7. method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, obtaining of described bed mud sample is divided into: decentralization process, trigger process, sampling process and removal process four-stage, transfer to while also having a segment distance apart from river bed when sampling equipment, counterweight block first touches riverbed, lever out of trim, the action of triggering releasing mechanism, sampler subject freedom falls, and under the effect of deadweight and inertia, inserts in drift, and sampler lower end adopts pawl spring structure to cut off and hold drift; The suction producing due to piston is offset the friction force balance between sampler inwall and sample, has just been full of the bed mud sample of low disturbance in sampler.
8. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the thickness l of described bed mud sample
c, in water tank, add water, fixed transmission transducer and receiving transducer, transmitting transducer transmits, and records receiving transducer time of reception t
1, obtain the velocity of wave v of water
w=l
1/ t
1; Between transmitting transducer and receiving transducer, place bed mud sample, detect by through transmission technique, obtain sound wave and penetrate the travel-time t of bed mud sample
2, the velocity of wave of bed mud sample is v
c=l
c/ (t
2-l
2/ v
w-l
3/ v
w).
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