CN103884313B - Two-dimensional vector measures the method for ground frozen swell and melt settlement - Google Patents
Two-dimensional vector measures the method for ground frozen swell and melt settlement Download PDFInfo
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- CN103884313B CN103884313B CN201410111998.2A CN201410111998A CN103884313B CN 103884313 B CN103884313 B CN 103884313B CN 201410111998 A CN201410111998 A CN 201410111998A CN 103884313 B CN103884313 B CN 103884313B
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Abstract
Two-dimensional vector of the present invention measures the method for ground frozen swell and melt settlement, the two-dimensional vector ground frozen swell and melt settlement meter related in the method, by monitoring the variable quantity of angle and displacement, resolve the deflection of frozen swell and melt settlement distortion along normal direction and tangential direction or the vector of frozen swell and melt settlement distortion, thus monitor tangential and normal direction frozen swell and melt settlement deflection in two dimensional surface inter-sync, measure the frozen swell and melt settlement amount of ground, reach the object of monitoring frozen swell and melt settlement distortion.Overcome conventional monitoring methods using one dimension vertical deformation or normal deformation amount single direction as the technological deficiency of frozen swell and melt settlement amount, possess temperature-monitoring function simultaneously.Can be severe cold, the frozen swell and melt settlement distortion on cold district channel slope provides reliably, Monitoring Data accurately.
Description
Technical field:
The method that two-dimensional vector of the present invention measures ground frozen swell and melt settlement belongs to a kind of ground monitoring method, particularly relates to a kind of method of monitoring ground frozen swell and melt settlement value.
Background technology:
The monitoring means measured about severe cold, cold district ground frost heave (thaw collapse) at present mainly contains following three kinds: the method for (1) elevation observation: frost heave (thaw collapse) amount adopts observation station to carry out elevation observation relative to reference point, surveying instrument is spirit-leveling instrument, observation base point quotes state height three, Leveling Survey net leveling point, by observation vertical displacement, measure changing value in this, as frost heave (thaw collapse).This observed pattern Problems existing is: under frost heave often occurs in the weather conditions of winter severe cold, and by the energy of observation personnel and the impact of duty, accuracy of observation is difficult to ensure; Each observing interval is oversize, and the change procedure of frost heaving amount and maximum frost heaving amount are difficult to observe in time; Unilaterally replace frost heave (thaw collapse) to measure with vertical deformation, run counter to the change mechanism that canal frost heave (thaw collapse) amount occurs, develops.(2) monitoring instrument simply replacing frost heave (thaw collapse) to measure class with the displacement in normal orientation is the principle of work of another kind of comparatively general monitoring instrument, as the repacking by displacement meter, lengthen transmission lever, instrument is embedded in frozen soil position according to normal orientation.The deficiency of this way is: the reference point bottom instrument can not be fixed exactly; Instrument is larger from the constraint of the ess-strain of the soil body of experiencing; Have ignored frost heave (thaw collapse) deflection in tangential direction.(3) Instrument observation method: at present typically, relatively more conventional monitoring instrument is many degree of depth Frost heave of frozen soil thaw collapse measuring instrument, such as number of patent application is the one " many degree of depth Frost heave of frozen soil thaw collapse measuring instrument " disclosed in the patent of 201220438574.3.The instrument of the type is mainly changed by the relative vertical displacement measured between anchor head and settlement plate, thus converses the basic frost-heaving deformation amount of various building.Feature is on disk, have multiple hole, a fiber sound-pipe is provided with in each hole, an inductor is provided with in the upper tube of each fiber sound-pipe, anti freezing solution is marked with in each fiber sound-pipe, cursoryly swim on anti freezing solution, cursoryly to be connected with inductor by cursory line, thus measuring frozen frost heaving amount.But this quasi-instrument Problems existing is: by the impact of soil body Vertical Settlement amount, and the reference point bottom instrument can not be fixed exactly; Anti freezing solution is larger by the impact of temperature; Instrument is comparatively large from the constraint of the ess-strain of the soil body of experiencing, and above factor have impact on its accuracy of observation, and observed reading can not actual response ground frost heaving amount.
The common issue that traditional observation instrument and method face is: be all using one dimension vertical deformation (or normal deformation amount) single direction as frozen swell and melt settlement amount, Monitoring Data can not represent real change value, reflection channel frost heave (thaw collapse) can accurately not measure the change mechanism occurring, develop.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is, a kind of two-dimensional vector that is tangential in two dimensional surface inter-sync monitoring and normal direction frost-heaving deformation amount is provided to measure the method for ground frozen swell and melt settlement, the two-dimensional vector ground frozen swell and melt settlement meter related in the method is by monitoring the variable quantity of angle and displacement, resolve the deflection of frozen swell and melt settlement distortion along normal direction and tangential direction or the vector of frozen swell and melt settlement distortion, thus monitor tangential and normal direction frozen swell and melt settlement deflection in two dimensional surface inter-sync, measure the frozen swell and melt settlement amount of ground, reach the object of monitoring frozen swell and melt settlement distortion.Overcome conventional monitoring methods using one dimension vertical deformation or normal deformation amount single direction as the technological deficiency of frozen swell and melt settlement amount, possess temperature-monitoring function simultaneously.Can be severe cold, the frozen swell and melt settlement distortion on cold district channel slope provides reliably, Monitoring Data accurately.
Two-dimensional vector of the present invention measures the method for ground frozen swell and melt settlement, frozen swell and melt settlement meter (13) involved in the method is by angular transducer (1), displacement transducer (2), temperature sensor (3), angular samples circuit (4), displacement drive link (5), shell body (6), top anchor end (7), measure cable outlet (8), sealed cavity (9), seal plug (10), displacement anchored end (11), fixed bar (12), measure cable (15), port (16), displacement induction end (17), external monitoring equipment (20) forms, by the change value in two dimensional surface inter-sync monitoring ground angle and displacement, coordinate temperature monitoring in real time, calculate ground frozen swell and melt settlement distortion at a certain temperature along normal direction, the vector of the deflection of tangential direction or frozen swell and melt settlement distortion, concrete operations follow these steps to carry out:
Make two-dimensional vector ground frozen swell and melt settlement meter:
Be fixed with seal plug (10), angular transducer (1), angular samples circuit (4), temperature sensor (3) and displacement transducer (2) respectively in a, sealed cavity (9) in the shell body (6) of frozen swell and melt settlement meter (13), measure cable (15) and be connected in series with angular transducer (1), angular samples circuit (4), temperature sensor (3) and displacement transducer (2) by seal plug (10); Port (16) is had in one end of shell body (6), displacement drive link (5) be connected and fixed by the displacement induction end (17) on port (16) and displacement transducer (2) and with its interlock, displacement drive link (5), in the upper telescopic moving of port (16), is provided with displacement anchored end (11) in one end of port (16); The fixed disassembly bar (12) of several different lengths is fixedly connected with at the top of shell body (6), one end of fixed bar (12) is screw thread (19), the other end of fixed bar (12) is provided with top anchor end (7), has the screw insert (18) matched with screw thread (19) at the top of shell body (6); Shell body (6) has and measures cable outlet (8), measure cable (15) and be connected to external monitoring equipment (20) by measuring cable outlet (8);
Measure ground frozen swell and melt settlement:
B, select winter and spring, frozen swell and melt settlement meter (13) is embedded in surface or the shallow layer surface layer of slope or channel (14), the top anchor end (7) of fixed bar (12) is fixed on the pre-buried fixture in channel top, the displacement anchored end (11) of displacement drive link (5) is fixed on frost heave and thaw collapse in spring position in be observed winter, frozen swell and melt settlement meter (13) is driven to produce the change of angle and displacement by displacement anchored end (11), be arranged on the angular transducer (1) in two-dimensional vector ground frozen swell and melt settlement meter (13), angular samples circuit (4), the angle of ground responded to respectively by displacement transducer (2) and temperature sensor (3), the change value of displacement and temperature, again by angle, displacement and temperature variation data are transferred to external monitoring equipment (20) by measuring cable (15), by the data processing module be arranged in external monitoring equipment (20), process ground is carried out along normal direction and tangential deflection or deformation vector to Monitoring Data.
The angle change that angular transducer (1) induction ground in step b produces because of frozen swell and melt settlement, be transferred to the angular samples circuit (4) be attached thereto, the angle signal of induction is changed into the RS485 signal of standard, exporting through measuring cable (15), measurable angle range reaches ± and 30 °.
The change of the rock displacement in step b is passed to displacement induction end (17) by displacement drive link (5) to be made it link and produces displacement signal, and the change in displacement signal that it senses exports through measuring cable (15).
The change of temperature sensor (3) the induction ambient temperature in step b, temperature data exports through measuring cable (15).
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is sectional view of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is fixed bar connection diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is surface, canal slope of the present invention scheme of installation;
Fig. 5 is Qu Po top layer of the present invention scheme of installation;
Fig. 6 is frost heave state computation principle schematic of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is thaw collapse state computation principle schematic of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is that the present invention surveys process of frost heave line chart near channel water surface curve, wherein ... for tangent vector ,-be normal vector;
Fig. 9 is that the present invention surveys channel bottom process of frost heave line chart, wherein ... for tangent vector ,-be normal vector.
Embodiment:
The present invention further describes by reference to the accompanying drawings, and provides specific embodiment.
As accompanying drawing 1,2, the shell body 6 of two-dimensional vector ground frozen swell and melt settlement meter 13 adopts stainless steel material to make, and seals with seal plug 10, in shell body 6, form relatively airtight sealed cavity 9, to strengthen the anti-corrosion property of equipment, stability and durability.The angular samples dot circuit 4, temperature sensor 3 and the displacement transducer 2 that in sealed cavity 9, are integrated with angular transducer 1 from top to bottom successively and are attached thereto, each sensor elements insulating material and shell are isolated; Port one 6 is had in one end of shell body 6, displacement drive link 5 is connected and fixed by the displacement induction end 17 of port one 6 with displacement transducer 2, displacement drive link 5 can telescopic moving on port one 6, is provided with the displacement anchored end 11 for being connected and fixed thing in one end of displacement drive link 5;
As accompanying drawing 3, the removable fixed bar 12 of several different lengths is connected and fixed at the top of shell body 6, thing is connected and fixed when one end fixed top anchored end 7 of fixed bar 12 is for monitoring, the other end of fixed bar 12 is screw thread 19, the screw insert 18 matched with screw thread 19 is had at the top of shell body 6, can be fixed on easily in shell body 6 or dismounting by screwing fixed bar 12, the fixed bar 12 installing appropriate length can be selected according to the length of on-the-spot ground detected part;
As accompanying drawing 4, 5, select winter and next spring then, frozen swell and melt settlement meter 13 is embedded in surface or the shallow layer surface layer of slope or channel 14, the top anchor end 7 of fixed bar 12 is fixed on the pre-buried fixture of channel or top, slope, the displacement anchored end 11 of displacement drive link 5 is fixed on frost heave and thaw collapse in spring position in be observed winter, when ground is at low temperature, under harsh climate effect, channel or slope occur along normal direction and the frost heave of tangential direction or the rising in spring along with ambient air temperature, when the frozen soil at this position starts melt and produce displacement, frozen swell and melt settlement meter 13 is driven to produce the change of angle and displacement by displacement anchored end 11, respond to by angular transducer 1 angle that ground produces because of frozen swell and melt settlement to change, be transferred to the angular samples circuit 4 be attached thereto, the angle signal of induction is changed into the RS485 signal of standard, export through measuring cable 15, the change of rock displacement is passed to displacement induction end 17 by displacement drive link 5 to be made it link and produces displacement signal, and the change in displacement signal that it senses exports through measuring cable 15, the change of ambient temperature is responded to by temperature sensor 3, temperature data exports through measuring cable, measure the measurement cable outlet 8 of cable 15 on shell body 6 to be connected with external monitoring equipment 20, angle, displacement and temperature variation data are transferred to external monitoring equipment 20 to process, by the variable quantity of observation angle and displacement, computing formula is utilized to calculate under specified temp ground along normal direction and tangential deflection or deformation vector by external monitoring equipment 20,
Angular transducer 1 adopts shock resistance type servo acceleration transducer, has good reliability, the advantage that stable and the reaction time is fast, and measurable angle range can reach ± and 30 °;
Displacement transducer 2 adopts vibrating string type sensor, and range can be selected as required;
Angular transducer 1, angular samples dot circuit 4, temperature sensor 3 and displacement transducer 2 all adopt matured product general in the market;
External monitoring equipment 20 can select the ground measuring instrument generally used, preset the data processing module that Monitoring Data is processed wherein, be reserved with data-interface thereon, the calculation procedure implant data processing module that can will work out according to the mathematical formulae resolving the vector that deflection or the frozen swell and melt settlement of the distortion of ground frozen swell and melt settlement along normal direction, tangential direction are out of shape, to reach the object that Simultaneous Monitoring two-dimensional vector that is tangential and normal direction frost-heaving deformation amount measures ground frozen swell and melt settlement;
Described calculation procedure is according to following Computing Principle and computing formula establishment:
As Fig. 6,7, angle and displacement measurement calculate formula: when ground generation frozen swell and melt settlement is out of shape, two-dimensional vector ground frozen swell and melt settlement meter 13 inclined angle alpha and the calculating computing formula exporting electricity F:
α＝a+b×F+c×F
2+d×F
3
In formula: α: the angle changing value of two-dimensional vector ground frozen swell and melt settlement meter 13, unit is °;
F: the angle measurement of two-dimensional vector ground frozen swell and melt settlement meter 13, unit is F;
A ﹑ b ﹑ c ﹑ d: the angle calibration coefficient of two-dimensional vector ground frozen swell and melt settlement meter 13;
Displacement deformation and the computing formula exporting electricity f:
ΔL＝K×Δf+B×ΔT＝K×(f-f
0)+B×(T-T
0)
K: two-dimensional vector ground frozen swell and melt settlement meter 13 displacement sensitivity, unit is mm/f;
B: temperature correction coefficient, unit is mm/ DEG C;
Δ f: the displacement measurement of two-dimensional vector ground frozen swell and melt settlement meter 13 is relative to the variable quantity of reference value, and unit is F;
F: the displacement measurement of two-dimensional vector ground frozen swell and melt settlement meter 13, unit is F;
F
0: the displacement datum value of two-dimensional vector ground frozen swell and melt settlement meter 13, unit is F;
T: the real-time measurement values of temperature, unit is DEG C;
T
0: the reference value of temperature, unit is DEG C.
The computing formula of two dimension (vector) variable is as follows:
Displacement relative to original point:
Vector representation:
Wherein: H: frost-heaving deformation is along the deflection of normal orientation;
Z: the deflection in frost-heaving deformation tangentially direction;
PP ＇: be total deformation;
β: the angle of deflection and slope;
L: the length (containing displacement drive link 5 and fixed bar 12) of two-dimensional vector ground frozen swell and melt settlement meter 13.
Observation example:
On Dec 23rd, 2013, near 1/2 height of the water surface curve on exposed soil experiment channel slope and water surface curve, 1 frozen swell and melt settlement meter is respectively installed, has carried out the monitoring of the frozen swell and melt settlement amount of ground channel, instrument spacing 50cm, instrument is numbered Cx1 and Cx2, and the measuring point information of instrument is:
The angular transducer coefficient of Cx1: a=2.750514 × 10
-4, b=2.483976 × 10
-3, c=1.531284 × 10
-12, d=6.880197 × 10
-13, displacement coefficient: K=0.1007mm/f; The angular transducer coefficient of Cx2: a=7.862676 × 10
-6, b=2.484495 × 10
-3, c=9.881559 × 10
-12, d=6.670332 × 10
-13; Displacement coefficient: K=0.1007mm/f.
The change procedure of the frozen swell and melt settlement of (at the bottom of canal) below (canal slope) and water surface curve near the water surface curve observed, near water surface curve, ground major embodiment is frost heaving amount near water surface curve, major embodiment at the bottom of canal be ice push at the bottom of canal and the interactional result of body frost heaving power, the Changing Pattern that its change procedure meets ground frozen swell and melt settlement is shown in Fig. 8, Fig. 9.
Above technical characteristic constitutes most preferred embodiment of the present invention; it has stronger adaptability and best implementation result; although the present invention is open with preferred embodiment; but specific embodiments and the drawings are not for limiting the present invention; anyly have the knack of this those skilled in the art; without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, can make various changes or retouch from working as, but same within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the method for a two-dimensional vector measurement ground frozen swell and melt settlement, it is characterized in that frozen swell and melt settlement meter (13) involved in the method is by angular transducer (1), displacement transducer (2), temperature sensor (3), angular samples circuit (4), displacement drive link (5), shell body (6), top anchor end (7), measure cable outlet (8), sealed cavity (9), seal plug (10), displacement anchored end (11), fixed bar (12), measure cable (15), port (16), displacement induction end (17), external monitoring equipment (20) forms, by the change value in two dimensional surface inter-sync monitoring ground angle and displacement, coordinate temperature monitoring in real time, calculate ground frozen swell and melt settlement distortion at a certain temperature along normal direction, the vector of the deflection of tangential direction or frozen swell and melt settlement distortion, concrete operations follow these steps to carry out:
Make two-dimensional vector ground frozen swell and melt settlement meter:
Be fixed with seal plug (10), angular transducer (1), angular samples circuit (4), temperature sensor (3) and displacement transducer (2) respectively in a, sealed cavity (9) in the shell body (6) of frozen swell and melt settlement meter (13), measure cable (15) and be connected in series with angular transducer (1), angular samples circuit (4), temperature sensor (3) and displacement transducer (2) by seal plug (10); Port (16) is had in one end of shell body (6), displacement drive link (5) be connected and fixed by the displacement induction end (17) on port (16) and displacement transducer (2) and with its interlock, displacement drive link (5), in the upper telescopic moving of port (16), is provided with displacement anchored end (11) in one end of port (16); The fixed disassembly bar (12) of several different lengths is fixedly connected with at the top of shell body (6), one end of fixed bar (12) is screw thread (19), the other end of fixed bar (12) is provided with top anchor end (7), has the screw insert (18) matched with screw thread (19) at the top of shell body (6); Shell body (6) has and measures cable outlet (8), measure cable (15) and be connected to external monitoring equipment (20) by measuring cable outlet (8);
Measure ground frozen swell and melt settlement:
B, select winter and spring, frozen swell and melt settlement meter (13) is embedded in surface or the shallow layer surface layer of slope or channel (14), the top anchor end (7) of fixed bar (12) is fixed on the pre-buried fixture in channel top, the displacement anchored end (11) of displacement drive link (5) is fixed on frost heave and thaw collapse in spring position in be observed winter, frozen swell and melt settlement meter (13) is driven to produce the change of angle and displacement by displacement anchored end (11), be arranged on the angular transducer (1) in two-dimensional vector ground frozen swell and melt settlement meter (13), angular samples circuit (4), the angle of ground responded to respectively by displacement transducer (2) and temperature sensor (3), the change value of displacement and temperature, again by angle, displacement and temperature variation data are transferred to external monitoring equipment (20) by measuring cable (15), by the data processing module be arranged in external monitoring equipment (20), process ground is carried out along normal direction and tangential deflection or deformation vector to Monitoring Data.
2. two-dimensional vector measures the method for ground frozen swell and melt settlement as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the angle change that angular transducer (1) the induction ground in step b produces because of frozen swell and melt settlement, be transferred to the angular samples circuit (4) be attached thereto, the angle signal of induction is changed into the RS485 signal of standard, exporting through measuring cable (15), measurable angle range reaches ± and 30 °.
3. two-dimensional vector measures the method for ground frozen swell and melt settlement as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the change of the rock displacement in step b is passed to displacement induction end (17) by displacement drive link (5) and makes it link and produce displacement signal, the change in displacement signal that it senses exports through measuring cable (15).
4. two-dimensional vector measures the method for ground frozen swell and melt settlement as claimed in claim 1, and it is characterized in that the change of temperature sensor (3) the induction ambient temperature in step b, temperature data exports through measuring cable (15).
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| CN104236623B (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2017-01-11 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Multifunctional automated monitoring system for frost heaving of water conveyance canal |
| CN110836654A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-02-25 | 江苏南水科技有限公司 | Automatic monitoring device and method for underground three-dimensional deformation |
| CN111562283B (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2022-03-15 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Instrument for automatically measuring frost heaving deformation of full section of channel and measuring and mounting method |
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