CN103881122B - The preparation method of the polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash composite membrane of high visible light catalytic activity - Google Patents
The preparation method of the polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash composite membrane of high visible light catalytic activity Download PDFInfo
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- CN103881122B CN103881122B CN201410159111.7A CN201410159111A CN103881122B CN 103881122 B CN103881122 B CN 103881122B CN 201410159111 A CN201410159111 A CN 201410159111A CN 103881122 B CN103881122 B CN 103881122B
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Abstract
The invention discloses the preparation method of the polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash composite membrane of a kind of high visible light catalytic activity, belong to depollution of environment photocatalyst new material technology field.Nano-stannic oxide is prepared initially with microwave heating method, then gained nano-stannic oxide is scattered in oxolane and forms translucent suspension, afterwards this suspension is mixed with the tetrahydrofuran solution containing polrvinyl chloride with certain proportion, use spin-coating method coating film forming after stirring, after solvent volatilizees, i.e. can get the polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash composite membrane of high visible light catalytic activity through heat treatment.It is an advantage of the current invention that raw material sources are extensive, preparation method is simple, and gained composite membrane has photocatalytic activity and the stability of excellence under visible light, and easily separates and recovers from degradation solution, is suitable for industrial applications.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation of the polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash composite membrane of a kind of high visible light catalytic activity
Method, belongs to depollution of environment photocatalyst new material technology field.
Background technology
Along with industrialization and the quick growth of population, environmental pollution and energy shortage have become global crisis also
Cause extensive concern.In all kinds of depollutions of environment, clean energy resource research, conductor photocatalysis is acknowledged as
There is the Green Chemical Technology of application prospect.Photocatalitic Technique of Semiconductor is with nano semiconductor material as catalyst
Convert light energy into chemical energy or electric energy, at photocatalytic degradation environmental contaminants, water decomposition hydrogen manufacturing, solar energy
The field tools such as cell photoelectric conversion are widely used.
Conductor photocatalysis material is the key of photocatalysis technology, the most always study hotspot problem, both at home and abroad
Scholar eurypalynous partly leads metal-oxide, metal sulfide, silver based compound, bismuth based compound etc. are many
Body catalysis material has carried out deeply studying widely.Wherein nano titanium oxide, tin ash have light
The advantages such as catalysis activity height, strong, corrosion-resistant, good and inexpensive, the wide material sources of chemical stability of oxidability,
Especially nano-stannic oxide also has air-sensitive and the photoelectric properties of excellence, can be used for photocatalyst, solar energy
Battery, sensor, lithium ion battery etc., be the class catalysis material that has most application future.But dioxy
Change the n-type semiconductor that stannum is broad stopband (Eg=3.3eV～3.6eV), only under ultraviolet excitation
Just can show the photocatalysis performance of excellence, but ultraviolet light only accounts for 3%～5% in sunlight, this is at very great Cheng
The actual application of tin ash is limited on degree.The method of modifying taked to expand its photoresponse scope has
Ion doping and other semi-conducting material are (such as ZnO, CdS, Fe2O3、Ag3PO4) compound and graphite
Alkene and carbonaceous material are compound, and these methods can significantly improve the visible light catalysis activity of tin ash, but also
There is the problems such as volume is wayward, process is complicated.
Another key factor of the actual commercial application affecting Nano semiconductor catalysis material is, nanometer
The particle diameter of granule is the least, uses common separation method to be difficult to separate and recover it from pollutant waste water, and adopts
Then separate slowly and cost intensive with high speed centrifugation or membrane separation plant.The main method taked in application at present
It is that nanoparticle is supported on some carrier, but when carrier itself does not has photo-catalysis capability, meeting
Affect the catalytic efficiency of catalysis material to a certain extent.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide the polyvinyl chloride/nano two of a kind of high visible light catalytic activity
Stannum oxide composite membrane and preparation method thereof.The composite membrane prepared in this way shows the light of excellence under visible light
Catalysis Activity and stabill, solves the problem that catalysis material separation and recovery is difficult simultaneously.
The technical scheme is that for solving above-mentioned technical problem, prepare nanometer initially with microwave heating method
Tin ash, is then scattered in gained nano-stannic oxide in oxolane and forms translucent suspension,
Afterwards this suspension is mixed with the tetrahydrofuran solution containing polrvinyl chloride with certain proportion, adopt after stirring
Use spin-coating method coating film forming, after tetrahydrofuran solvent volatilizees, i.e. can get high visible catalysis through heat treatment live
The polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash composite membrane of property.
The preparation method of the polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash composite membrane of high visible light catalytic activity of the present invention is main
Comprise the steps:
The preparation method of the polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash composite membrane of a kind of high visible light catalytic activity, it is special
Levy and be to comprise the steps:
A. by SnCl4·5H2O solid is dissolved in dehydrated alcohol, and being configured to butter of tin concentration is 0.50～0.60
The ethanol solution of mol/L；Another being joined by strong aqua ammonia in distilled water dilutes, be configured to ammonia concn be 0.83～
The dilute ammonia solution of 0.92mol/L；
B. butter of tin ethanol solution 20mL～30mL described in removing step a joins in flask, is stirring
Instill dilute ammonia solution 0.10～0.20mL described in step a under the conditions of mixing, be slow added into afterwards 100～
150mL distilled water, continues stirring 10min～15min and makes reactant liquor mix homogeneously；
C. will put in microwave reactor containing the flask of reactant liquor described in b in steps, first regulation microwave reactor merit
Rate is 400W, and heating rate is 8 DEG C/min～12 DEG C/min, under agitation during reaction 7min～9min,
Reacting liquid temperature reaches 90 DEG C～95 DEG C, and reactant liquor is gradually become cloudy from achromaticity and clarification and then becomes white suspension
Liquid, continues reaction 1min～3min, and regulating microwave reactor power the most again is 700W, makes reactant liquor exist
95 DEG C～105 DEG C of back flow reaction 8min～10min, react complete by the most airtight for gained suspension old
Filter after changing 1h～5h, separate, obtain filter cake；
D. put in microwave oven after step c gained filter cake being placed in beaker, low fire, moderate heat, Gao Huo in employing
And moderate heat respectively heats 3min～5min, firepower conversion interval 1min～1.5min, obtain white powder, by institute
Obtain white powder to grind, obtain nano-stannic oxide；
E. step d gained nano-stannic oxide is scattered in oxolane, controls the quality of nano-stannic oxide
Percentage concentration is 1.0%～3.0%, stirs 20min～40min, forms nano-stannic oxide homodisperse
Translucent suspension；Additionally polrvinyl chloride is dissolved in oxolane, is configured to the quality containing polrvinyl chloride dense
Degree is the tetrahydrofuran solution of 0.5%～2.0%；
F. it is 1:2～1:5 according to the mass ratio of polrvinyl chloride Yu nano-stannic oxide, by polychlorostyrene second described in step e
The tetrahydrofuran solution of alkene mixes with nano-stannic oxide suspension, and stirring 10min～15min makes it mix
Uniformly, use spin-coating method coating film forming afterwards, after tetrahydrofuran solvent volatilizees, be placed in 130 DEG C～150 DEG C again
Lower heat treatment 1h～3h, obtains polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash composite membrane.
Preferably, in described step b, butter of tin concentration in reactant liquor is 0.08mol/L～0.12
Mol/L, butter of tin is 1:30～1:35 with the mass ratio of water.
Preferably, in step c use microwave heating reactant liquor, power be 400W the reaction time be 9min～
11min, power be 700W the reaction time be 9min～10min.
Preferably, low fire, moderate heat, high fire and each 3min of moderate heat, firepower during in step d, microwave heating uses
Heating 1min is stopped between conversion.
Preferably, in step f, polrvinyl chloride is 1:2～1:4 with the mass ratio of nano-stannic oxide, polrvinyl chloride
The heat treatment temperature of/nano-stannic oxide composite membrane is 140 DEG C～150 DEG C, and heat treatment time is 2h～3h.
The present invention compared with prior art has advantages in that
(1) polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash composite membrane is after heat treatment, the polrvinyl chloride strand on film surface
Hydrogen chloride can be removed and produce carbon-carbon double bond formation conjugated structure, the composite membrane absorption to visible ray can be improved, and
And light induced electron can inject the conduction band of nano-stannic oxide, the separation in light induced electron/hole in raising composite membrane
Efficiency, therefore prepared composite membrane has visible light catalysis activity and the stability of excellence.
(2) polrvinyl chloride is polymers for general use, and source is wide, low cost；It addition, waste polyvinyl chloride can be used
In preparing this composite membrane, this just prepares surrounding purifying material for polrvinyl chloride recycling and provides one
Approach.
(3) preparation method of the present invention is fairly simple, and composite membrane easily separates with degradation solution, solves photocatalysis
Difficult problem is reclaimed in agent, is suitable for industrial applications.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the scanning electron microscope of the polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash composite membrane prepared by embodiment 1
Picture；
Fig. 2 is the transmission electron microscope of the polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash composite membrane prepared by embodiment 1
Picture；
Fig. 3 is polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash composite membrane (a) prepared by embodiment 1 and nano-stannic oxide
B the UV-Vis DRS of () absorbs collection of illustrative plates；
Fig. 4 is that polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash composite membrane is cycled to used in catalytic degradation rhodamine under visible light
B experimental result picture.
Detailed description of the invention
With specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail below:
Embodiment 1
Weigh SnCl4·5H2O solid 4.20g is dissolved in 20mL dehydrated alcohol, instills 0.85 under agitation
The dilute ammonia solution 0.10mL of mol/L, is then slow added into 100mL distilled water, continues stirring 15min,
The flask that will be equipped with reactant liquor after question response liquid mix homogeneously is put in microwave reactor, first at 400W power
Lower heating, during reaction 7min, reacting liquid temperature rises to about 90 DEG C, and reactant liquor is become white from achromaticity and clarification
Color suspension, regulating power after being reacted to 10min is 700W, continues reaction 10min.Gained is suspended
Liquid is aged 3h in confined conditions, filters, obtain filter cake after pouring out supernatant, and filter cake is put into micro-after being placed in beaker
In ripple stove, in first using, low fire heating 3min, opens fire door heat radiation 1min afterwards, more respectively with moderate heat, height
Fire and moderate heat respectively heat 3min, and all dispel the heat between the same firepower of conversion every time 1min, by gained nanometer titanium dioxide
Stannum grinds.Weighing 0.10g nano-stannic oxide and join in 4.90g oxolane, 2h is to nanometer two in stirring
Stannum oxide is uniformly dispersed, then according to the mass ratio of polrvinyl chloride and nano-stannic oxide is 1:3, adds the most pre-
The tetrahydrofuran solution 3.33g that polrvinyl chloride mass concentration is 1.0% first prepared, fills into oxolane and makes
Total amount of liquid is 10.0g, and airtight stirring 20min, to its mix homogeneously, uses spin-coating method coating film forming afterwards,
After tetrahydrofuran solvent volatilizees, it is placed in heat treatment 2h at 150 DEG C again, obtains polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash
Composite membrane.
The scanning electron microscope diagram sheet of the polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash composite membrane prepared by the present embodiment is such as
Shown in Fig. 1, it can be seen that stannic oxide particle is dispersed in composite membrane.The polychlorostyrene second shown by Fig. 2
The transmission electron micrograph of alkene/nano-stannic oxide composite membrane is it can be seen that stannic oxide particle is by putting down
All elliposoidal nano-stannic oxides of particle diameter about 10nm～20nm are that the gathering of flowers shape forms.Fig. 3 is this reality
Execute the ultraviolet of polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash composite membrane (a) prepared by example 1 and nano-stannic oxide (b)-can
Seeing that diffuse-reflectance absorbs collection of illustrative plates, abscissa is wavelength nm, and vertical coordinate is absorbance, as seen from Figure 3, poly-
Vinyl chloride/nano-stannic oxide composite membrane light in whole visible spectrum absorbs and is significantly higher than nano-silica
The light changing stannum absorbs.
The photocatalysis performance test of prepared polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash composite membrane is as follows: at wall table
Face has prepared that to add 120mL concentration in the reactor of polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash composite membrane be 4
The rhodamine B solution of mg/L, after under dark condition, bubbling 120min reaches balance to absorption, opens visible
Light source (300W xenon lamp add a cover optical filter filtered below 400nm light) irradiates, at interval of 20min from
Reaction system samples 3mL, uses spectrophotometer to survey at rhodamine B maximum absorption wavelength 552nm
Determine absorbance, the change of absorbance obtain the degraded situation of rhodamine B in solution.Experiment records, with institute
When the polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash composite membrane of preparation is photocatalyst illumination degrading 100min, to Luo Dan
The degradation rate of bright B reaches 93%, and under similarity condition, the degradation rate of rhodamine B is by nano-stannic oxide
43%.
Embodiment 2
Weigh SnCl4·5H2O solid 6.30g is dissolved in 30mL dehydrated alcohol, instills 0.90 under agitation
The dilute ammonia solution 0.15mL of mol/L, is then slow added into 150mL distilled water, continues stirring 15min,
The flask that will be equipped with reactant liquor after question response liquid mix homogeneously is put in microwave reactor, first at 400W power
Lower reacting by heating 10min, then regulate power be 700W continue reaction 10min.By gained suspension close
Being aged 5h under the conditions of closing, filter after pouring out supernatant, filter cake is put in microwave oven after being placed in beaker, in first using
Low fire heating 3min, opens fire door heat radiation 1min afterwards, respectively heats 3 with moderate heat, high fire and moderate heat respectively
Min, all dispel the heat between the same firepower of conversion every time 1min, is ground by gained nano-stannic oxide.Weigh made
Standby nano-stannic oxide 0.10g joins in 4.90g oxolane, and stirring 2h divides to nano-stannic oxide
Dissipate uniformly, then according to the mass ratio of polrvinyl chloride and nano-stannic oxide is 1:3.5, adds and prepare the most in advance
The good tetrahydrofuran solution 2.86g that polrvinyl chloride mass concentration is 1.0%, fills into oxolane and makes liquid total
Amount is 10.0g, airtight stirring 20min to its mix homogeneously, uses spin-coating method coating film forming afterwards, treats four
It is placed in heat treatment 2.5h at 145 DEG C again after the volatilization of hydrogen THF solvent, obtains polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash multiple
Close film.It is photocatalyst illumination that experiment records polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash composite membrane prepared by this embodiment
During degraded 100min, the degradation rate to rhodamine B reaches 91%.
Embodiment 3
Weigh SnCl4·5H2O solid 4.20g is dissolved in 20mL dehydrated alcohol, instills 0.85 under agitation
The dilute ammonia solution 0.10mL of mol/L, is then slow added into 100mL distilled water, continues stirring 15min,
The flask that will be equipped with reactant liquor after question response liquid mix homogeneously is put in microwave reactor, first at 400W power
Lower reacting by heating 10min, then regulate power be 700W continue reaction 10min.By gained suspension close
Filtering after being aged 2h under the conditions of closing, filter cake is put in microwave oven after being placed in beaker, low fire heating 3 in first using
Min, opens fire door heat radiation 1min afterwards, respectively heats 3min, equally with moderate heat, high fire and moderate heat respectively
All dispel the heat between conversion firepower 1min every time, is ground by gained nano-stannic oxide.Weigh prepared nanometer two
Stannum oxide 0.10g joins in 4.90g oxolane, and stirring 2h is uniformly dispersed to nano-stannic oxide, so
After be 1:4 according to the mass ratio of polrvinyl chloride Yu nano-stannic oxide, add the polrvinyl chloride prepared the most in advance
Mass concentration is the tetrahydrofuran solution 5.0g of 0.50%, and airtight stirring 20min is to its mix homogeneously, afterwards
Use spin-coating method by coating film forming, after tetrahydrofuran solvent volatilizees, be placed in heat treatment 2h at 150 DEG C again,
To polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash composite membrane.Experiment records polyvinyl chloride/nano dioxy prepared by this embodiment
When change stannum composite membrane is photocatalyst illumination degrading 100min, the degradation rate to rhodamine B reaches 90%.
Embodiment 4
Weigh the nano-stannic oxide 0.10g prepared by embodiment 1 and join in 4.90g oxolane, stirring
2h is uniformly dispersed to nano-stannic oxide, then according to the mass ratio of polrvinyl chloride and nano-stannic oxide is
1:3, adds the tetrahydrofuran solution 3.33g that polrvinyl chloride mass concentration is 1.0% prepared the most in advance, mends
Entering oxolane makes total amount of liquid be 10.0g, and airtight stirring 20min, to its mix homogeneously, uses rotation afterwards
Coating, by this suspension film forming, is placed in heat treatment 2h at 150 DEG C again after solvent volatilizees, obtains polychlorostyrene
Ethylene/nano-stannic oxide composite membrane.This composite membrane is circulated under visible light rhodamine B degradation experiment
Investigate its photocatalysis stability.In circulation experiment, polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash composite membrane photocatalysis
After rhodamine B degradation aqueous solution 100min, composite membrane, through washing, being dried, is urged for light the most again
Change the test of rhodamine B degradation.Polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash composite membrane as shown in Figure 4 is at visible ray
The experimental result picture of lower circulation catalytic degradation rhodamine B it can be seen that after 10 times recycle this composite membrane
Still remain good photocatalytic activity, show that this composite membrane has the photocatalysis stability of excellence, Fig. 4's
Abscissa is time min, and vertical coordinate is degradation rate.
Claims (5)
1. the preparation method of the polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash composite membrane of a high visible light catalytic activity, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
A. by SnCl4·5H2O solid is dissolved in dehydrated alcohol, is configured to the ethanol solution that butter of tin concentration is 0.50～0.60mol/L；Another being joined by strong aqua ammonia in distilled water dilutes, and is configured to the dilute ammonia solution that ammonia concn is 0.83～0.92mol/L；
B. butter of tin ethanol solution 20mL～30mL described in removing step a joins in flask, instill the dilute ammonia solution 0.10～0.20mL described in step a under agitation, it is slow added into 100～150mL distilled water afterwards, continues stirring 10min～15min and make reactant liquor mix homogeneously；
C. will put in microwave reactor containing the flask of reactant liquor described in b in steps, first regulation microwave reactor power is 400W, heating rate is 8 DEG C/min～12 DEG C/min, under agitation during reaction 7min～9min, reacting liquid temperature reaches 90 DEG C～95 DEG C, reactant liquor is gradually become cloudy from achromaticity and clarification and then becomes white suspension, continue reaction 1min～3min, regulating microwave reactor power the most again is 700W, make reactant liquor at 95 DEG C～105 DEG C of back flow reaction 8min～10min, react complete to filter after the most airtight for gained suspension ageing 1h～5h, separate, obtain filter cake；
D. putting in microwave oven after step c gained filter cake being placed in beaker, in employing, low fire, moderate heat, high fire and moderate heat respectively heat 3min～5min, firepower conversion interval 1min～1.5min, obtain white powder, are ground by gained white powder, obtain nano-stannic oxide；
E. being scattered in oxolane by step d gained nano-stannic oxide, the mass percentage concentration controlling nano-stannic oxide is 1.0%～3.0%, stirs 20min～40min, forms the homodisperse translucent suspension of nano-stannic oxide；Additionally polrvinyl chloride is dissolved in oxolane, is configured to containing the tetrahydrofuran solution that polrvinyl chloride mass concentration is 0.5%～2.0%；
F. it is 1:2～1:5 according to the mass ratio of polrvinyl chloride Yu nano-stannic oxide, the tetrahydrofuran solution of polrvinyl chloride described in step e is mixed with nano-stannic oxide suspension, stirring 10min～15min makes its mix homogeneously, use spin-coating method coating film forming afterwards, after tetrahydrofuran solvent volatilizees, it is placed in heat treatment 1h～3h at 130 DEG C～150 DEG C again, obtains polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash composite membrane.
The preparation method of the polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash composite membrane of a kind of high visible light catalytic activity the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step b, butter of tin concentration in reactant liquor is 0.08mol/L～0.12mol/L, and butter of tin is 1:30～1:35 with the mass ratio of water.
The preparation method of the polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash composite membrane of a kind of high visible light catalytic activity the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, step c uses microwave heating reactant liquor, power be 400W the reaction time be 9min～11min, power be 700W the reaction time be 9min～10min.
The preparation method of the polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash composite membrane of a kind of high visible light catalytic activity the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, during in step d, microwave heating uses, low fire, moderate heat, high fire and each 3min of moderate heat, stop heating 1min between firepower conversion.
The preparation method of the polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash composite membrane of a kind of high visible light catalytic activity the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step f, polrvinyl chloride is 1:2～1:4 with the mass ratio of nano-stannic oxide, the heat treatment temperature of polyvinyl chloride/nano tin ash composite membrane is 140 DEG C～150 DEG C, and heat treatment time is 2h～3h.
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| CN110467216B (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2023-11-03 | 江西理工大学 | Micron-sized hollow square block-shaped SnO 2 Method for preparing the same |
| CN110482595B (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2023-11-03 | 江西理工大学 | Microwave-assisted liquid phase synthesis of SnO 2 Method for preparing micrometer spheres |
| CN111760461B (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2022-08-23 | 上海应用技术大学 | Preparation method of polyvinylidene fluoride mixed matrix membrane |
| CN112574446B (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2022-06-17 | 郭平 | PVC composite membrane with high visible light catalytic activity and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101570345A (en) * | 2009-06-04 | 2009-11-04 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Method for preparing SnO2 superfine powder |
| CN102206387A (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2011-10-05 | 东华大学 | High molecule and inorganic nano-particle hybrid film and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103435096A (en) * | 2013-08-16 | 2013-12-11 | 河南理工大学 | Method for preparing size controllable nano stannic oxide |
| CN103623870A (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2014-03-12 | 河北科技大学 | Method for preparing silver phosphate/polyvinyl chloride-based conjugated-polyene visible-light catalyst |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101570345A (en) * | 2009-06-04 | 2009-11-04 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Method for preparing SnO2 superfine powder |
| CN102206387A (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2011-10-05 | 东华大学 | High molecule and inorganic nano-particle hybrid film and preparation method thereof |
| CN102702518A (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2012-10-03 | 山东大学 | Method for preparing composite material of stannic oxide/polyaniline |
| CN103435096A (en) * | 2013-08-16 | 2013-12-11 | 河南理工大学 | Method for preparing size controllable nano stannic oxide |
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