CN105536843A - Preparation method of highly visible light electron transfer g-C3N4/ Au/TiO2 Z type photocatalyst - Google Patents
Preparation method of highly visible light electron transfer g-C3N4/ Au/TiO2 Z type photocatalyst Download PDFInfo
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- CN105536843A CN105536843A CN201510926539.4A CN201510926539A CN105536843A CN 105536843 A CN105536843 A CN 105536843A CN 201510926539 A CN201510926539 A CN 201510926539A CN 105536843 A CN105536843 A CN 105536843A
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 title abstract 4
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 title abstract 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 69
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910003771 Gold(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FDWREHZXQUYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M gold monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Au+] FDWREHZXQUYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007540 photo-reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical class N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 23
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910003803 Gold(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- RJHLTVSLYWWTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-K gold trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Au](Cl)Cl RJHLTVSLYWWTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000013032 photocatalytic reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000320 mechanical mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 5
- WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(oxolan-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCO1 WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006298 dechlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004298 light response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanamide Chemical compound NC#N XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002367 SrTiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical compound [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004887 air purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002079 cooperative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005264 electron capture Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005622 photoelectricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006303 photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015843 photosynthesis, light reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000004 severe toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
-
- B01J35/39—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/34—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation
- B01J37/341—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation
- B01J37/344—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation of electromagnetic wave energy
- B01J37/345—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation of electromagnetic wave energy of ultraviolet wave energy
Abstract
The invention relates to the fields of material preparation and photocatalysis, and aims at providing a preparation method of a highly visible light electron transfer g-C3N4/Au/TiO2 Z type photocatalyst. The method comprises the steps: preparing g-C3N4 by a precursor pyrolysis polymerization method, preparing an AuCl3.HCl.4H2O stock solution, preparing Au/TiO2 and preparing the g-C3N4/Au/TiO2 Z type photocatalyst. In the g-C3N4/Au/TiO2 Z type photocatalyst, firstly, TiO2 is loaded with Au, then the loaded TiO2 and g-C3N4 are calcined to form a whole, and Au is located between TiO2 and g-C3N4. Au is used as an electron transfer body and can promote complete separation of photogenerated electrons and hole pairs; an SPR effect of Au can enhance the response ability of the catalyst on visible light; with synergistic effect of a Z type electron transfer path and the SPR effect of Au, the activity of a photocatalytic reaction can be ultimately improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high visible electro transfer g-C
3n
4/ Au/TiO
2the preparation method of class Z-type photochemical catalyst, belongs to material preparation and photocatalysis field.
Background technology
In recent years, China's economic high speed development, but development from now on is also faced with many huge obstacles, as environmental pollution and energy shortage.Environmental photocatlytsis technology is as a kind of low cost, environmental friendliness, green non-pollution Treatment process, and its development and utilization receives extensive concern.Current photocatalysis technology is mainly used in: the degraded (degraded of chlorohydrocarbon) of pollutant in photocatalytic hydrogen production by water decomposition, water body, indoor air purification (benzene, toluene, TVOC degrade).Photolysis water hydrogen technology depends on photoelectron reduction aquatic products hydrogen, and the degraded of pollutant is then by electron capture O
2form superoxide radical, having Strong oxdiative ability can by pollutant oxidation Decomposition.Energy conversion and contaminant degradation are unified in electro transfer.Therefore the direction of catalysis technique development is to have opened efficent electronic transfer, wide responsible photocatalytic material.
In recent years, through the joint efforts of various countries researchers, Photocatalitic Technique of Semiconductor has achieved certain progress.At present, the semiconductor light-catalyst developed is mainly ultraviolet light response catalyst.According to the electronic structure of semiconductor, ultraviolet light response catalyst can be divided into 4 types: (1) has the metal (Ti of d0 electronic structure
4+, Zr
4+, Nb
5+, Ta
5+, W
6+, Mo
6+deng) oxide, as: TiO
2, ZrO
2, SrTiO
3, PbW
4o
4deng; (2) there is the metal (In of d10 electronic structure
3+, Ga
3+, Ge
4+, Sn
4+, Sb
4+deng) oxide, as: Ga
2o
3, SrIn
2o
4, SrSnO
3deng; (3) there is the metal (Ce of f0 electronic structure
4+) oxide, as: CeO
2; (4) non-oxidized substance catalyst, as ZnS, GaN etc.The ultraviolet light response catalyst be most widely used surely belongs to TiO
2(Anatase TiO
2energy gap E
gfor 3.2eV), it has the multiple advantages such as machinery and chemical stability is good, cheap, environmental friendliness.But sunshine medium ultraviolet light only accounts for 4%, in order to better utilize solar energy, exploitation visible ray (accounting for 43% of sunshine gross energy) response catalyst has more realistic meaning.The visible light catalyst of current discovery is less, as g-C
3n
4, CdS, BiOBr etc.G-C
3n
4just be found to may be used for the catalyst that visible light catalytic produces hydrogen, organic matter degradation in recent years, owing to there is the advantages such as cheap, high stability, unique photochemical properties and catalytic performance, g-C
3n
4obtain and study widely.But, simple g-C
3n
4there is the problems such as photoelectricity combined efficiency is high, interface electron transmission efficiency is low.In order to realize Visible-light Irradiation, the raising interface electron transmission efficiency of catalyst, catalyst to be modified and modification becomes the main flow of research, mainly comprise catalyst doping vario-property, finishing, pattern modification, solid solution, hetero-junctions, class Z-type photocatalysis system etc.Patent CN103623856A modifies carbonitride with template, and concrete grammar is: take cyanamide as predecessor, and the spherical mesoporous silica of height open design is hard template, and by high temperature thermopolymerization, removing hard template finally obtains spherical mesoporous carbonitride.Although it has larger specific area and effect of mass transmitting, but still there is the shortcomings such as photo-generate electron-hole recombination rate is high, electron transmission efficiency is low.Patent CN103785434A discloses a kind of graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C
3n
4) nanometer sheet/cadmium sulfide (CdS) composite, have between this composite two material and contact closely, specific area is large, and photo-generate electron-hole can be separated preferably, and photocatalysis efficiency is high.But CdS has severe toxicity, and easily there is photoetch, be not suitable for expanding production.
Class Z-type photocatalysis system is the photocatalysis system that the mankind imitate photosynthesis electro transfer mechanism and design.Two kinds of low energy gap catalyst A, B are combined by electron transmission thing by this system, and the conduction band electron of catalyst A is passed in the valence band of B catalyst by electron transmission thing, and with the valence band hole compound of B catalyst, thus realize overall electron hole and be separated.Meanwhile, B catalyst conduction band electron participates in reduction reaction, and A catalyst valence band hole participates in oxidation reaction.According to the kind of electron transmission thing, class Z-type photocatalysis system can be divided into ion pair electron transmission thing class Z-type photocatalysis system (with IO
3-/ I
-, Fe
3+/ Fe
2+plasma is to being electron transmission thing), solid-state electronic transmitter class Z-type photocatalysis system (be electron transmission thing with Au, Ru, Ag etc.).Compared to ionic state electron transmission thing, solid-state electronic transmitter is more conducive to the recovery of catalyst and not easily causes secondary pollution.Most solid-state electronic transmitter is used to build class Z-type photocatalysis system and achieve higher electrical conductivity efficiency.
As SPR metal, Au is widely used in photocatalysis field.On the one hand, Au is as a kind of common solid-state electronic transmitter for building class Z-type photocatalysis system, and it can promote being separated completely of light induced electron and hole, improves interface electron transmission efficiency; On the other hand, the SPR effect of Au can improve visible absorption ability and the photocatalytic activity of catalyst.On this basis, the present invention constructs using Au as electron transit mediator, g-C
3n
4and TiO
2respectively as the photocatalysis system of PSI and PSII.
In sum, the g-C had compared with high visible responding ability is prepared
3n
4/ Au/TiO
2photochemical catalyst has broad prospects.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, overcomes the shortcoming that high, the visible light-responded ability of existing semiconductor catalyst electron-hole recombination rate in photocatalysis is weak, provides a kind of high visible electro transfer g-C
3n
4/ Au/TiO
2the preparation method of class Z-type photochemical catalyst.
For technical solution problem, solution of the present invention is:
High visible electro transfer g-C is provided
3n
4/ Au/TiO
2the preparation method of class Z-type photochemical catalyst, comprises the following steps:
(1) presoma thermal depolymerization legal preparation g-C
3n
4
Take 2 ~ 10g dicyanodiamine as carbon nitrogen source, put into the crucible of adding a cover, go in Muffle furnace deammoniation of heating; Naturally, after cooling, grinding obtains faint yellow g-C
3n
4powder;
(2) storing solution is prepared
By the AuCl of 1g
3hCl4H
2o solid particle is dissolved in 100mL deionized water, and obtained concentration is the AuCl of 10mg/mL
3hCl4H
2o storing solution;
(3) Au/TiO is prepared
2
By the TiO of 0.3g
2add in the mixed solution of 60mL deionized water and 15mL absolute methanol, then add the AuCl of 628 μ L
3hCl4H
2o storing solution, makes Au in 2 hours with magnetic agitation
3+with TiO
2abundant contact; Ultraviolet filter UVREF is adopted to make the emergent light spectrum wavelength of light source in 200 ~ 400nm scope in course of reaction, light application time 3h; After reaction terminates, suction filtration with washed with de-ionized water three times, post-drying of spending the night under the air atmosphere of 60 DEG C, obtains Au/TiO
2powder;
(4) g-C is prepared
3n
4/ Au/TiO
2class Z-type photochemical catalyst
By g-C
3n
4: Au/TiO
2mass ratio be 2: 8 ~ 8: 2, take step (1) gained g-C respectively
3n
4powder and step (3) gained Au/TiO
2powder also adds in crucible; Then in crucible, add proper amount of methanol fully to dissolve to powder, ultrasonic disperse 30min after stirring; Go in air dry oven, after methyl alcohol volatilizees completely, be ground to and mix; Again be placed in crucible, after being warming up to 400 DEG C with the speed of 5 DEG C/min, calcining 3h; Treat that nature cools, namely obtain high visible electro transfer g-C
3n
4/ Au/TiO
2class Z-type photochemical catalyst.
In the present invention, the deammoniation of heating described in step (1) refers to: carbon nitrogen source is first raised to 500 DEG C with the speed of 10 DEG C/min by room temperature, constant temperature 2h in Muffle furnace; 520 DEG C are raised to again, constant temperature 2h with the speed of 5 DEG C/min; By this ammonia composition in process removing carbon nitrogen source of heating.
In the present invention, in the course of reaction of step (3), continue logical Ar gas to get rid of O
2interference, and continuing magnetic force stir;
In the present invention, the light source described in step (3) is the xenon lamp of 300W.
In the present invention, TiO
2for commercial TiO
2, optional P25.
Compared with prior art, technique effect of the present invention is:
(1) at g-C
3n
4/ Au/TiO
2in class Z-type photochemical catalyst, Au first load at TiO
2on, and then and g-C
3n
4calcining is formed overall, and Au is positioned between the two.Using Au as electron transit mediator, right being separated completely in light induced electron and hole can be promoted;
(2) the SPR effect of Au can strengthen the responding ability of this catalyst to visible ray;
(3) the electron transmission path of Z-type and the SPR effect synergy of Au finally can improve the activity (using methyl alcohol as sacrifice agent) of light-catalyzed reaction.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is presoma thermal depolymerization of the present invention legal preparation g-C
3n
4flow chart;
Fig. 2 is preparation Au/TiO of the present invention
2flow chart;
Fig. 3 is preparation g-C of the present invention
3n
4/ Au/TiO
2the flow chart of class Z-type photochemical catalyst;
The g-C of Fig. 4 prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1
3n
4/ Au/TiO
2transmission electron microscope picture, wherein a), b) be respectively the transmission electron microscope picture of different amplification; C) be distribution diagram of element.
The g-C of Fig. 5 prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1
3n
4/ Au/TiO
2with g-C
3n
4ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection DRS scheme;
The g-C of Fig. 6 prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1
3n
4/ Au/TiO
2with g-C
3n
4pL figure;
The g-C of Fig. 7 prepared by the embodiment of the present invention
3n
4/ Au/TiO
2product hydrogen effect experimental figure;
The g-C of Fig. 8 prepared by the embodiment of the present invention
3n
4/ Au/TiO
2dechlorination effect lab diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in more detail, and wherein part preparation condition is only the explanation as typical case, is not limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1
1. photochemical catalyst g-C
3n
4/ Au/TiO
2preparation
(1) g-C
3n
4preparation: adopt presoma thermal depolymerization legal.Take 5g dicyanodiamine and put into the crucible of adding a cover, in Muffle furnace, be first raised to 500 DEG C with the speed of 10 DEG C/min by room temperature, constant temperature 2h; 520 DEG C are raised to again, constant temperature 2h (deammoniation process) with the speed of 5 DEG C/min.Relief system naturally cool, obtain faint yellow g-C after grinding
3n
4powder.
(2) solution preparation: by 1gAuCl
3hCl4H
2o is dissolved in 100mL deionized water, obtained 10mg/mLAuCl
3hCl4H
2o storing solution.
(3) Au/TiO
2preparation: adopt photo-reduction sedimentation.0.3gTiO
2add in 60mL deionized water and 15mL absolute methanol, add 10mg/mLAuCl
3hCl4H
2o storing solution 628 μ L, first stirs at dark condition lower magnetic force and makes Au in two hours
3+with TiO
2abundant contact.Test the xenon lamp that light source used is 300W, adopt ultraviolet filter UVREF to make outgoing spectral wavelength 200 ~ 400nm scope illumination 3h.Logical Ar gas is continued in course of reaction, and continuous magnetic agitation.Suction filtration, washed with de-ionized water three times, oven dry of spending the night under 60 DEG C of air atmospheres, obtains Au/TiO
2(1%).
(4) g-C
3n
4/ Au/TiO
2prepared by photochemical catalyst: adopt mechanical mixture calcination method.Take the g-C that quality is respectively 0.8g
3n
4with the Au/TiO of 0.2g
2to in crucible, add proper amount of methanol and fully dissolve to powder, ultrasonic disperse 30min clock after stirring, is placed in air dry oven, and after methyl alcohol volatilizees completely, grinding, obtains a homogeneous mixture.Again as in crucible, 400 DEG C of calcining 3h.Heating rate is 5 DEG C/min.Treat that nature cools, namely obtain high visible electro transfer g-C
3n
4/ Au/TiO
2class Z-type photochemical catalyst.
Embodiment 2
1. photochemical catalyst g-C
3n
4/ Au/TiO
2preparation
(1) g-C
3n
4preparation: adopt presoma thermal depolymerization legal.Take 2g dicyanodiamine and put into the crucible of adding a cover, in Muffle furnace, be first raised to 500 DEG C with the speed of 10 DEG C/min by room temperature, constant temperature 2h; 520 DEG C are raised to again, constant temperature 2h (deammoniation process) with the speed of 5 DEG C/min.Relief system naturally cool, obtain faint yellow g-C after grinding
3n
4powder.
(2) solution preparation: by 1gAuCl
3hCl4H
2o is dissolved in 100mL deionized water, obtained 10mg/mLAuCl
3hCl4H
2o storing solution.
(3) Au/TiO
2preparation: adopt photo-reduction sedimentation.0.3gTiO
2add in 60mL deionized water and 15mL absolute methanol, add 10mg/mLAuCl
3hCl4H
2o storing solution 628 μ L, first stirs at dark condition lower magnetic force and makes Au in two hours
3+with TiO
2abundant contact.Test the xenon lamp that light source used is 300W, adopt ultraviolet filter UVREF to make outgoing spectral wavelength 200 ~ 400nm scope, illumination 3h.Logical Ar gas is continued in course of reaction, and continuous magnetic agitation.Suction filtration, washed with de-ionized water three times, oven dry of spending the night under 60 DEG C of air atmospheres, obtains Au/TiO
2(1%).
(4) g-C
3n
4/ Au/TiO
2prepared by photochemical catalyst: adopt mechanical mixture calcination method.Take the g-C that quality is respectively 0.2g
3n
4with the Au/TiO of 0.8g
2to in crucible, add proper amount of methanol and fully dissolve to powder, ultrasonic disperse 30min clock after stirring, is placed in air dry oven, and after methyl alcohol volatilizees completely, grinding, obtains a homogeneous mixture.Again as in crucible, 400 DEG C of calcining 3h.Heating rate is 5 DEG C/min.Treat that nature cools, namely obtain high visible electro transfer g-C
3n
4/ Au/TiO
2class Z-type photochemical catalyst.
Embodiment 3
1. photochemical catalyst g-C
3n
4/ Au/TiO
2preparation
(1) g-C
3n
4preparation: adopt presoma thermal depolymerization legal.Take 4g dicyanodiamine and put into the crucible of adding a cover, in Muffle furnace, be first raised to 500 DEG C with the speed of 10 DEG C/min by room temperature, constant temperature 2h; 520 DEG C are raised to again, constant temperature 2h (deammoniation process) with the speed of 5 DEG C/min.Relief system naturally cool, obtain faint yellow g-C after grinding
3n
4powder.
(2) solution preparation: by 1gAuCl
3hCl4H
2o is dissolved in 100mL deionized water, obtained 10mg/mLAuCl
3hCl4H
2o storing solution.
(3) Au/TiO
2preparation: adopt photo-reduction sedimentation.0.3gTiO
2add in 60mL deionized water and 15mL absolute methanol, add 10mg/mLAuCl
3hCl4H
2o storing solution 628 μ L, first stirs at dark condition lower magnetic force and makes Au in two hours
3+with TiO
2abundant contact.Test the xenon lamp that light source used is 300W, adopt ultraviolet filter UVREF to make outgoing spectral wavelength 200 ~ 400nm scope, illumination 3h.Logical Ar gas is continued in course of reaction, and continuous magnetic agitation.Suction filtration, washed with de-ionized water three times, oven dry of spending the night under 60 DEG C of air atmospheres, obtains Au/TiO
2(1%).
(4) g-C
3n
4/ Au/TiO
2prepared by photochemical catalyst: adopt mechanical mixture calcination method.Take the g-C that quality is respectively 0.6g
3n
4with the Au/TiO of 0.4g
2to in crucible, add proper amount of methanol and fully dissolve to powder, ultrasonic disperse 30min clock after stirring, is placed in air dry oven, and after methyl alcohol volatilizees completely, grinding, obtains a homogeneous mixture.Again as in crucible, 400 DEG C of calcining 3h.Heating rate is 5 DEG C/min.Treat that nature cools, namely obtain high visible electro transfer g-C
3n
4/ Au/TiO
2class Z-type photochemical catalyst.
Embodiment 4
1. photochemical catalyst g-C
3n
4/ Au/TiO
2preparation
(1) g-C
3n
4preparation: adopt presoma thermal depolymerization legal.Take 6g dicyanodiamine and put into the crucible of adding a cover, in Muffle furnace, be first raised to 500 DEG C with the speed of 10 DEG C/min by room temperature, constant temperature 2h; 520 DEG C are raised to again, constant temperature 2h (deammoniation process) with the speed of 5 DEG C/min.Relief system naturally cool, obtain faint yellow g-C after grinding
3n
4powder.
(2) solution preparation: by 1gAuCl
3hCl4H
2o is dissolved in 100mL deionized water, obtained 10mg/mLAuCl
3hCl4H
2o storing solution.
(3) Au/TiO
2preparation: adopt photo-reduction sedimentation.0.3gTiO
2add in 60mL deionized water and 15mL absolute methanol, add 10mg/mLAuCl
3hCl4H
2o storing solution 628 μ L, first stirs at dark condition lower magnetic force and makes Au in two hours
3+with TiO
2abundant contact.Test the xenon lamp that light source used is 300W, adopt ultraviolet filter UVREF to make outgoing spectral wavelength 200 ~ 400nm scope, illumination 3h.Logical Ar gas is continued in course of reaction, and continuous magnetic agitation.Suction filtration, washed with de-ionized water three times, oven dry of spending the night under 60 DEG C of air atmospheres, obtains Au/TiO
2(1%).
(4) g-C
3n
4/ Au/TiO
2prepared by photochemical catalyst: adopt mechanical mixture calcination method.Take the g-C that quality is respectively 0.4g
3n
4with the Au/TiO of 0.6g
2to in crucible, add proper amount of methanol and fully dissolve to powder, ultrasonic disperse 30min clock after stirring, is placed in air dry oven, and after methyl alcohol volatilizees completely, grinding, obtains a homogeneous mixture.Again as in crucible, 400 DEG C of calcining 3h.Heating rate is 5 DEG C/min.Treat that nature cools, namely obtain high visible electro transfer g-C
3n
4/ Au/TiO
2class Z-type photochemical catalyst.
Embodiment 5
1. photochemical catalyst g-C
3n
4/ Au/TiO
2preparation
(1) g-C
3n
4preparation: adopt presoma thermal depolymerization legal.Take 10g dicyanodiamine and put into the crucible of adding a cover, in Muffle furnace, be first raised to 500 DEG C with the speed of 10 DEG C/min by room temperature, constant temperature 2h; 520 DEG C are raised to again, constant temperature 2h (deammoniation process) with the speed of 5 DEG C/min.Relief system naturally cool, obtain faint yellow g-C after grinding
3n
4powder.
(2) solution preparation: by 1gAuCl
3hCl4H
2o is dissolved in 100mL deionized water, obtained 10mg/mLAuCl
3hCl4H
2o storing solution.
(3) Au/TiO
2preparation: adopt photo-reduction sedimentation.0.3gTiO
2add in 60mL deionized water and 15mL absolute methanol, add 10mg/mLAuCl
3hCl4H
2o storing solution 628 μ L, first stirs at dark condition lower magnetic force and makes Au in two hours
3+with TiO
2abundant contact.Test the xenon lamp that light source used is 300W, adopt ultraviolet filter UVREF to make outgoing spectral wavelength 200 ~ 400nm scope, illumination 3h.Logical Ar gas is continued in course of reaction, and continuous magnetic agitation.Suction filtration, washed with de-ionized water three times, oven dry of spending the night under 60 DEG C of air atmospheres, obtains Au/TiO
2(1%).
(4) g-C
3n
4/ Au/TiO
2prepared by photochemical catalyst: adopt mechanical mixture calcination method.Take the g-C that quality is respectively 0.5g
3n
4and Au/TiO
2to in crucible, add proper amount of methanol and fully dissolve to powder, ultrasonic disperse 30min after stirring, is placed in air dry oven, and after methyl alcohol volatilizees completely, grinding, obtains a homogeneous mixture.Again as in crucible, 400 DEG C of calcining 3h.Heating rate is 5 DEG C/min.Treat that nature cools, namely obtain high visible electro transfer g-C
3n
4/ Au/TiO
2class Z-type photochemical catalyst.
Performance test methods:
1) hydrogen effect experimental is produced
Take the self-control photo catalysis reactor that 0.05g catalyst sample puts into band circulation chuck, put into magnetic stir bar, add 35mL water and 15mL methyl alcohol successively.Be padded in the middle of quartz glass reactor cover and reactor by silicagel pad, at junction uniform application vacuum silicon grease, and at wound edgewise sealant tape, reactor sealed.Continue logical high-purity argon gas 1h from sample tap, air in reactor is drained.Afterwards rapidly with sealing gasket and raw material band sealing sample tap, and open light source.Testing light source used is 300W xenon lamp, and use VisREF (350-780nm) and Uvircut (400-780nm) optical filter to make outgoing spectral wavelength ranges be 400-780nm, light irradiates from top to bottom, and light intensity is 140mW/cm
2.Continue to pass into recirculated water, make the temperature of reaction system remain stable.The continuous magnetic agitation of whole course of reaction, makes sample be in suspended state always.Sample analysis per hour produces hydrogen concentration before turning on light and after turning on light.
2) dechlorination experiment
Contrast the dechlorination effect of different sample to 2,4-chlorophenesic acid.Take the self-control photo catalysis reactor (concentration of catalyst is 1g/L) that 0.15g catalyst sample puts into band circulation chuck, put into magnetic stir bar, add deionized water 150mL (logical N successively
2about 15 minutes), 2, the 4-chlorophenesic acid storing solution 400 μ L of 5g/L, make the initial concentration of 2,4-chlorophenesic acid be 20mg/L, magnetic agitation makes solution mix.Laboratory light source used is the xenon lamp of 300W, use visible ray [VisREF (350-780nm) and UVIRCUT (400-780nm) optical filter make outgoing spectral wavelength ranges be 400-780nm] and ultraviolet light [200-400nm], light irradiates from top to bottom.Continue to pass into recirculated water, make the temperature of reaction system remain stable.Logical N is continued in course of reaction
2, and continuous magnetic agitation.Adopt vacuum silicon grease to seal, sample time is that the disposable micropore filter of sample (0.45 μm of poly (ether sulfone) film) (PES) that 1,2,10,20,30,60,90,120,180,240,300min. obtains filters.
(3) test result explanation
To the high visible electro transfer Au/g-C of embodiment 1-5 gained
3n
4load type photocatalytic material carries out product hydrogen and dechlorination test by aforementioned properties method of testing, and its result as shown in Figure 7,8.
As can be seen from Fig. 7,8, mass ratio is the product hydrogen effect of the class Z-type of 8: 2 and is best, and along with Au/TiO
2the increase of ratio, produces hydrogen effect and declines gradually.For class Z-type photochemical catalyst, TiO
2electronics on conduction band and g-C
3n
4on hole-recombination, finally cause the electron hole of overall photochemical catalyst to be separated completely, strengthen photocatalytic activity; Secondly, visible ray is expanded to 700nm by the SPR effect of Au, and the cooperative effect of the two finally causes the enhancing of photocatalytic activity.Work as Au/TiO
2the increase of ratio, produces hydrogen effect and declines, and reason is that the ratio of the overall photochemical catalyst shared by Au increases, and finally cause the reunion of catalyst, reaction interface reduces, and activity reduces.
Claims (4)
1. high visible electro transfer g-C
3n
4/ Au/TiO
2the preparation method of class Z-type photochemical catalyst, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) presoma thermal depolymerization legal preparation g-C
3n
4
The dicyanodiamine taking 2 ~ 10g, as carbon nitrogen source, puts into the crucible of adding a cover, and goes in Muffle furnace deammoniation of heating; Naturally, after cooling, grinding obtains faint yellow g-C
3n
4powder;
(2) storing solution is prepared
By the AuCl of 1g
3hCl4H
2o solid particle is dissolved in 100mL deionized water, and obtained concentration is the AuCl of 10mg/mL
3hCl4H
2o storing solution;
(3) Au/TiO is prepared
2
By the TiO of 0.3g
2add in the mixed solution of 60mL deionized water and 15mL absolute methanol, then add the AuCl of 628 μ L
3hCl4H
2o storing solution, first stirs at dark condition lower magnetic force and makes Au in 2 hours
3+with TiO
2abundant contact; Then illumination 3h, photoreduction adopts ultraviolet filter UVREF to make the emergent light spectrum wavelength of light source in 200 ~ 400nm scope; After reaction terminates, suction filtration with washed with de-ionized water three times, post-drying of spending the night under the air atmosphere of 60 DEG C, obtains Au/TiO
2powder;
(4) g-C is prepared
3n
4/ Au/TiO
2class Z-type photochemical catalyst
By g-C
3n
4: Au/TiO
2mass ratio be 2: 8 ~ 8: 2, take step (1) gained g-C respectively
3n
4powder and step (3) gained Au/TiO
2powder also adds in crucible; Then in crucible, add methyl alcohol fully to dissolve to powder, ultrasonic disperse 30min after stirring; Go in air dry oven, after methyl alcohol volatilizees completely, be ground to and mix; Again be placed in crucible, after being warming up to 400 DEG C with the speed of 5 DEG C/min, calcining 3h; Treat that nature cools, namely obtain high visible electro transfer g-C
3n
4/ Au/TiO
2class Z-type photochemical catalyst.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the deammoniation of heating described in step (1) refers to: carbon nitrogen source is first raised to 500 DEG C with the speed of 10 DEG C/min by room temperature, constant temperature 2h in Muffle furnace; 520 DEG C are raised to again, constant temperature 2h with the speed of 5 DEG C/min; By this ammonia composition in process removing carbon nitrogen source of heating.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the course of reaction of step (3), continues logical Ar gas to get rid of O
2interference, and continuing magnetic force stir.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the light source described in step (3) is the xenon lamp of 300W.
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| CN106442645A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-02-22 | 南京工业大学 | Gold/porous fibrous graphite-phase carbon nitride composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN107475745A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-12-15 | 黄河科技学院 | Phosphorus doping nitridation carbon composite modified titanic oxide optoelectronic pole, its preparation method and the application of a kind of gold modification |
| CN109201102A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-15 | 商丘师范学院 | A kind of Z-type hetero-junctions M-C3N4The preparation method of/CdS composite photo-catalyst |
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| CN106540731B (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2018-12-18 | 沈阳化工大学 | Plasma and the multiband responsive photocatalyst preparation method of upper conversion enhancing |
| CN106442645A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-02-22 | 南京工业大学 | Gold/porous fibrous graphite-phase carbon nitride composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN110494220A (en) * | 2017-01-31 | 2019-11-22 | 沙特基础工业全球技术公司 | For effectively generating semiconductor/M1/CD of hydrogenXM1-XS based photocatalyst |
| CN107475745A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-12-15 | 黄河科技学院 | Phosphorus doping nitridation carbon composite modified titanic oxide optoelectronic pole, its preparation method and the application of a kind of gold modification |
| CN107475745B (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2018-12-25 | 黄河科技学院 | A kind of phosphorus doping nitridation carbon composite modified titanic oxide optoelectronic pole, preparation method and the application of gold modification |
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| CN109201102B (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2021-08-13 | 商丘师范学院 | Z-type heterojunction M-C3N4Preparation method of CdS composite photocatalyst |
| CN112452349A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-03-09 | 南京大学 | g-C for efficient catalytic oxidation of toluene driven by visible light3N4/TiO2Catalyst, preparation method and application thereof |
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