CN103874221B - A kind of resource regulating method and device - Google Patents

A kind of resource regulating method and device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103874221B
CN103874221B CN201210540368.8A CN201210540368A CN103874221B CN 103874221 B CN103874221 B CN 103874221B CN 201210540368 A CN201210540368 A CN 201210540368A CN 103874221 B CN103874221 B CN 103874221B
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terminal
member carrier
available
carrier
scheduling
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CN103874221A (en
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胡奕
张超
徐昊
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China Academy of Telecommunications Technology CATT
Datang Mobile Communications Equipment Co Ltd
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China Academy of Telecommunications Technology CATT
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of resource regulating method and device.Its method includes：Determine the dispatching priority of each terminal；According to the dispatching priority descending of each terminal, the resource on member carrier can be used by being followed successively by each terminal scheduling；Wherein, can be specifically included for a terminal scheduling with the resource on member carrier：Determine that the terminal can use the dispatching priority of member carrier；The dispatching priority of member carrier can be used according to the definite terminal, is the terminal scheduling carrier resource.Method and device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, than the prior art, can be preferably the member carrier of terminal scheduling priority higher for which, so as to improve the communication quality of terminal, and can effectively improve the efficiency of transmission of system resource.

Description

A kind of resource regulating method and device
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless communication technology field, more particularly to a kind of resource regulating method and device.
Background technology
Long Term Evolution（LTE, Long Term Evolution）The Long Term Evolution of/enhancing（LTE-A, Long TermEvolution Advanced）System uses the mechanism of shared channel, and system is reasonably utilized by dynamic dispatching Radio Resource.The process of resource allocation is also referred to as dispatched.In LTE/LTE-A systems, assignable minimal physical resource units For Physical Resource Block（PRB, Physical Resource Block）, width is the continuous of 180kHz in a time slot frequency domain Physical resource is known as a PRB.
LTE-A introduces carrier aggregation（CA, Carrier Aggregation）Technology, using LTE member carriers bandwidth as base Our unit, obtains the transmission bandwidth of bigger, therefore, system by way of the member carrier of multiple small bandwidth is condensed together Interior available shared resource will increase with increasing for carrier number of polymerization.Wherein, each carrier wave for participating in polymerization be known as into Member's carrier wave（CC, Component Carrier）.The each CC bandwidth for participating in polymerization can be identical, can not also be identical.
In CA systems, user equipment（UE, User Equipment, also known as terminal）It is small to may be simultaneously present multiple services Area, the serving cell of UE are divided into main serving cell（PCell, Primary Cell）And auxiliary serving cell（SCell, Secondary Cell）Two classes, wherein PCell certainly exist, it inherits the property of serving cell in LTE, and each UE only has one PCell；And SCell undertakes data-transformation facility, base station can be UE according to the actual needs of UE merely as additional resource Configure one or more SCell.Correspondingly, the corresponding member carriers of PCell are known as main member carrier（PCC, PrimaryCompoment Carrier）, the corresponding member carriers of SCell are known as secondary member carrier（SCC, SecondaryComponent Carrier）.Version 10（Rel-10）Middle regulation, each SCell for being allocated to user, needs Activating to use.PCell remains state of activation, and SCell can keep activation or deactivate according to service scenario State, could be used for transmitting data when being only active.
In CA systems, the UE for configuring and have activated multiple SCell, it can be enterprising in multiple serving cells at the same time Row data send and receive.Channel circumstances of the UE on each serving cell is typically different, and same UE is each Different transmission mode and resource allocation type can be used on a serving cell.
In CA systems, in order to preferably manage and efficiently using the idle wireless resource of each users to share, it is necessary to design Rational dispatching method, realizes that the shared channel resources of multiple member carriers are reasonably distributed between users, Neng Goushi The dynamic change of wireless propagation environment is answered, meets QoS demand of the different user for various businesses, while improves system spectrum effect Rate and throughput performance.
For CA systems, presently disclosed scheduling scheme using the resource of each member carrier of serial scheduling side Method.I.e.：First each CC of system is ranked up, priority row then is carried out to UE on each CC successively according to ranking results Team and resource allocation.The scheduling on a CC is often completed, determines to need to participate in next CC according to resource allocation conditions above The UE of scheduling.Again to these UE in the sequence of the 2nd CC enterprising row major levels and resource allocation, and so on.This method can not protect Card gives the member carrier priority scheduling of the priority higher for terminal to the terminal, and to the efficiency of transmission of system resource compared with It is low.
The content of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of resource regulating method and device, to solve to be directed to terminal as its preferential tune Spend priority higher member carrier and to the efficiency of transmission of system resource it is relatively low the problem of.
The purpose of the present invention is what is be achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of resource regulating method, including：
Determine the dispatching priority of each terminal；
According to the dispatching priority descending of each terminal, the resource on member carrier can be used by being followed successively by each terminal scheduling；
Wherein, can be specifically included for a terminal scheduling with the resource on member carrier：
Determine that the terminal can use the dispatching priority of member carrier；
The dispatching priority descending of member carrier can be used according to the definite terminal, is provided for the terminal scheduling carrier wave Source.
A kind of resource scheduling device, including：
Time domain scheduling unit, for determining the dispatching priority of each terminal；
Frequency domain dispatching unit, for the dispatching priority descending according to each terminal, be followed successively by each terminal scheduling can with into Resource on member's carrier wave；
Wherein, when can be with resource on member carrier for terminal scheduling, the frequency domain dispatching unit be specifically used for：
Determine that the terminal can use the dispatching priority of member carrier；
The dispatching priority descending of member carrier can be used according to the definite terminal, is provided for the terminal scheduling carrier wave Source.
Method and device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, determines dispatching priority to participate in each terminal of scheduling first, Then the resource on member carrier can be used to each terminal scheduling successively according to the dispatching priority.Adjusted for each terminal It when spending, can use member carrier to be scheduled as an entirety, i.e., first determine that available member carrier is scheduled priority, Then it is terminal scheduling carrier resource accordingly.Can be preferably terminal scheduling priority higher for which than the prior art Member carrier, so as to improve the communication quality of terminal.In addition, for terminal scheduling for which priority higher member carry Ripple, the data volume higher that can be carried on the member carrier, so as to effectively improve the efficiency of transmission of system resource.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of method flow diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is another method flow diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is apparatus structure schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of resource regulating method, applied to CA systems.In this method, dispatched first for participation Each UE determine dispatching priority, then according to the dispatching priority successively to each UE scheduling can use the resource on CC.Pin It when being scheduled to each UE, can use CC to be scheduled as an entirety, i.e., first determine that available CC is scheduled preferentially Level, is then UE scheduling carrier wave resources accordingly.Can be preferably UE scheduling priority higher for which than the prior art CC, so as to improve the communication quality of UE, and can effectively improve the efficiency of transmission of system resource.
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, technical solution provided in an embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of resource regulating method, its implementation as shown in Figure 1, specific implementation such as Under：
Step 100, the dispatching priority for determining each UE.
By taking the scheduling for a subframe as an example, in step 100, each UE for participating in present sub-frame scheduling is specifically to determine Dispatching priority.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the specific implementation of step 100 has a variety of.For example, can be available at it according to each UE Average channel quality on CC, it is just using direct ratio（PF, Propotional Fair）Algorithm determines the dispatching priority of each UE. Average channel quality on CC can also be can use at it according to each UE, using max carrier to interference（MAX C/I）Algorithm determines each UE Dispatching priority.Poll can also be used（RR, Round Robin）The dispatching priority of each UE is determined Deng scheduling algorithm.
Wherein, if determining the dispatching priority of each UE using PF or MAX C/I algorithms, need to use each UE at it The average channel quality on CC can be used.Specifically, can by UE its each available CC available physical resources block pair（PRB）On Channel quality be fitted to obtain equivalent signal-to-noise ratio, the equivalent signal-to-noise ratio i.e. UE can use the average channel matter on CC at it Amount.
Step 110, the dispatching priority descending according to each UE, the resource on CC can be used by being followed successively by each UE scheduling.
In the embodiment of the present invention, so-called UE can be referred to member carrier, the PCC of the UE and the institute for configuring and activating for the UE Have in SCC, there is the CC of available PRB.
Wherein, can be as follows with the specific implementation of the resource on CC for a UE scheduling：
Determine that the UE can use the dispatching priority of CC；
The dispatching priority descending of CC can be used according to the definite UE, for the UE scheduling carrier wave resources.
Used resource allocation types of the UE on each CC may be different, for different resource allocation classes Type is, it is necessary to follow different resource allocation rules.Further, since the resource allocation on each CC corresponds to a scheduling letter respectively Order.In order to using less resource allocation rule, signaling consumption be reduced, so as to save Physical Downlink Control Channel（PDCCH）Money Source expense.For UE scheduling carrier wave resources when, it is preferred that according to the UE can use CC dispatching priority descending, be followed successively by the UE The resource on each CC is dispatched, until meeting scheduling of resource demand or traveling through all available CC of the UE.
It should be pointed out that distributing resource on the higher CC of dispatching priority for UE, UE scheduling is continued as if desired Resource, then can use the dispatching priority descending of CC according to UE, resource is distributed for UE on next CC.This simply it is a kind of preferably Implementation, rather than the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention.It is of course also possible to make unified resource tune on all available CC of UE Degree.
In the invention described above embodiment of the method, it is more to determine that the UE can have with the specific implementation of the dispatching priority of CC Kind.The embodiment of the present invention is only exemplified by following several：
Determine that the UE can use the first implementation of the dispatching priority of CC：
From the CC for configuring and activating for UE, the CC conducts for selecting to have available PRB can use CC；
According to average channel qualities of the UE on each available CC（Such as broadband CQI）Sequence, determines each available CC Dispatching priority.
That is, average channel qualities of the UE on CC is higher, then the dispatching priority of the CC is higher.
In the embodiment of the present invention, average channel qualities of the UE on CC refers to, channel matter of the UE on each PRB of the CC Measure average.
Determine that the UE can use second of implementation of the dispatching priority of CC：
From the CC for configuring and activating for UE, the CC conducts for selecting to have available PRB can use CC；
It can be sorted according on each available CC with the quantity of PRB, determine the dispatching priority of each available CC.
That is, can be more with the quantity of PRB on each available CC, the dispatching priority of the CC is higher.
Determine that the UE can use the third implementation of the dispatching priority of CC：
From the CC for configuring and activating for UE, the CC conducts for selecting to have available PRB can use CC；
PRB quantity can be used according on channel qualities of the UE on each available CC and each CC, determines each available CC On the data volume that can carry；
Sort according to the data volume that can be carried on each available CC, determine the dispatching priority of each available CC.
That is, the data volume that can be carried on CC is bigger, and the dispatching priority of the CC is higher.
Determine that the UE can use the 4th kind of implementation of the dispatching priority of CC：
From the CC for configuring and activating for UE, the member carrier conduct for selecting to have available PRB can use CC；
Sort according to average transmission rates of the UE on each available CC, determine the dispatching priority of each available CC.
That is, average transmission rates of the UE on CC is bigger, then the dispatching priority of the CC is higher.
Wherein it is possible to the average transmission rate based on regular hour window statistics UE on each available CC, can also adopt The mode filtered with forgetting factor counts average transmission rates of the UE on each available CC., can be with for the UE being initially accessed The average transmission rate that other UE carry out data transmission on each available CC of the UE is flat on each available CC as the UE Equal transmission rate initial value.For the SCC for UE initial activations, which can be can use at other to the average transmission rate on CC As average transmission rate initial values of the UE on the SCC.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the UE resource allocation conditions of scheduling can be specifically completed according to current dispatching cycle, really The UE for determining current scheduling is configured for it at it and whether is had available PRB on the CC of activation.To carry out being scheduling to example in subframe.It is false If certain CC is the CC for configuring and activating for current scheduling UE, but the PRB on the CC is already allocated to other UE, then does not have on the CC The available PRB of the UE, can not be as available CC.
On the basis of above-mentioned any embodiment, in order to ensure the communication quality of UE, the fairness between each UE is taken into account, can To set each UE to use the upper limit of PRB quantity on each CC every time.The dispatching priority of CC can be then used according to definite UE Descending, for the UE scheduling carrier wave resources when, with specific reference to the UE on each CC can use PRB quantity the upper limit, for the UE dispatch Carrier resource.Ensure that the PRB quantity for UE distribution on each CC is no more than the upper limit set.
Assuming that 3 available carrier waves of CA system configurations, are denoted as CC1, CC2 and CC3 respectively.Example is scheduling to downlink, each The shared channel resources scheduling process of downlink subframe is as shown in Fig. 2, specifically include following operation：
Step 200, determine currently have data to be sent all UE be participate in current downlink subframe scheduling UE.
Assuming that there are 3 UE to participate in current downlink subframe scheduling, UE1, UE2 and UE3 are denoted as respectively.
Step 210, can use at it according to each UE average channel quality on CC, determine each UE's using MAX C/I algorithms Dispatching priority.
Assuming that UE1 has been currently configured a serving cell, corresponding CC1, UE2 have been currently configured two serving cells, respectively Corresponding CC2 and CC3, UE3 have been currently configured three serving cells, correspond to CC1, CC2 and CC3 respectively.
UE1 corresponds to the average channel quality in bandwidth in CC1, is denoted as WUE1；UE2 corresponds to flat in bandwidth in CC2 and CC3 Equal channel quality, is denoted as WUE2；UE3 corresponds to the average channel quality in bandwidth in CC1, CC2 and CC3, is denoted as WUE3.
Assuming that WUE2>WUE1>WUE3, it is determined that in current downlink subframe, the dispatching priority descending of UE is UE2, UE1, UE3.
It should be pointed out that in the present embodiment, determine that the dispatching priority of each UE is only a kind of act with MAX C/I algorithms Example.Optionally, PF algorithms, RR algorithms etc. can also be used to determine the dispatching priority of each UE.
Step 220, determine that UE2 can use the dispatching priority of CC, and the dispatching priority descending of CC can be used according to UE2, is UE2 scheduling carrier wave resources.
Specifically, UE2 can be CC2 and CC3 with CC.CC can use to be scheduled the two using any of the above-described implementation Priority ranking, the dispatching priority for thereby determining that the two available CC is CC2>CC3.The money on CC2 is then first distributed for UE2 Source, it is assumed that after being completed on CC2 to the resource allocation of UE2, UE2 still available for transmission data, are distributed on CC3 for UE2 again at this time Resource.
Step 230, for UE1 dispatch CC1 on carrier resource.
Since UE1 can only have one, i.e. CC1 with CC.It is therefore contemplated that the dispatching priority of CC1 is maximum, without carrying out CC dispatching priorities sort, and the resource on CC1 is directly distributed for UE1.
Step 240, determine that UE3 can use the dispatching priority of CC, and the dispatching priority descending of CC can be used according to UE3, is UE3 scheduling carrier wave resources.
Specifically, UE3 can be CC1, CC2 and CC3 with CC.CC can use to carry out these three using any of the above-described implementation Dispatching priority sorts, and the dispatching priority for thereby determining that these three CC is CC1>CC3>CC2.The money on CC1 is first distributed for UE3 Source.Assuming that after being completed on CC1 to the resource allocation of UE3, UE3 still available for transmission data, then distribute the resource on CC3 for UE3. Assuming that the resource for UE3 distribution on CC3 can carry all remaining data to be transmitted of UE3, then this resource to UE3 point With end, resource is distributed for UE3 no longer on CC2.
After resource allocation to be done to UE1, UE2 and UE3, the shared channel resources finishing scheduling of current downlink subframe.
Example is scheduling to shown in Fig. 2 with downlink to illustrate the embodiment of the present invention.It should be pointed out that the embodiment of the present invention The method of offer is equally applicable to uplink scheduling, its specific implementation is referred to descending scheduling, and which is not described herein again.
Based on the inventive concept same with method, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of resource scheduling device, its structure is such as Shown in Fig. 3, specific implementation structure is as follows：
Time domain scheduling unit 301, for determining the dispatching priority of each terminal；
Frequency domain dispatching unit 302, for the dispatching priority descending according to each terminal, is followed successively by each terminal scheduling and can use Resource on member carrier；
Wherein, when can be with resource on member carrier for terminal scheduling, the frequency domain dispatching unit 302 be specifically used In：
Determine that the terminal can use the dispatching priority of member carrier；
The dispatching priority descending of member carrier can be used according to the definite terminal, is provided for the terminal scheduling carrier wave Source.
It is preferred that the time domain scheduling unit 301 is specifically used for：
It can use at it average channel quality on member carrier according to each terminal, each terminal determined using direct ratio fairness algorithm Dispatching priority；Alternatively,
It can use at it average channel quality on member carrier according to each terminal, each end determined using max carrier to interference algorithm The dispatching priority at end.
Based on above-mentioned any device embodiment, when determining that the terminal can use the dispatching priority of member carrier, frequency domain tune The specific implementation of degree unit 302 has a variety of, enumerates below wherein several：
（One）Frequency domain dispatching unit 302 is specifically used for：
From the member carrier for configuring and activating for the terminal, selection have the member carrier of available PRB as can with into Member's carrier wave；
Sort according to average channel quality of the terminal on each available member carrier, determine that each available member carries The dispatching priority of ripple.
（Two）Frequency domain dispatching unit 302 is specifically used for：
From the member carrier for configuring and activating for the terminal, selection have the member carrier of available PRB as can with into Member's carrier wave；
It can be sorted according on each available member carrier with the quantity of PRB, determine that the scheduling of each available member carrier is excellent First level.
（Three）Frequency domain dispatching unit 302 is specifically used for：
From the member carrier for configuring and activating for the terminal, selection have the member carrier of available PRB as can with into Member's carrier wave；
PRB numbers can be used according on channel quality of the terminal on each available member carrier and each member carrier Amount, determines the data volume that can be carried on each available member carrier；
Sort according to the data volume that can be carried on each available member carrier, determine the scheduling of each available member carrier Priority.
（Four）Frequency domain dispatching unit 302 is specifically used for：
From the member carrier for configuring and activating for the terminal, selection have the member carrier of available PRB as can with into Member's carrier wave；
Sort according to average transmission rate of the terminal on each available member carrier, determine that each available member carries The dispatching priority of ripple.
Based on the device described in above-mentioned any embodiment, it is preferred that the frequency domain dispatching unit 302 is further used for：
The upper limit of PRB quantity can be used on each member carrier according to the terminal, is the terminal scheduling carrier resource.
Obviously, various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from essence of the invention by those skilled in the art God and scope.In this way, if these modifications and changes of the present invention belongs to the scope of the claims in the present invention and its equivalent technologies Within, then the present invention is also intended to comprising including these modification and variations.

Claims (12)

  1. A kind of 1. resource regulating method, it is characterised in that the method is applied to carrier aggregation system, the described method includes：
    It can use at it average channel quality on member carrier according to each terminal, determine the dispatching priority of each terminal；
    According to the dispatching priority descending of each terminal, the resource on member carrier can be used by being followed successively by each terminal scheduling；
    Wherein, can be specifically included for a terminal scheduling with the resource on member carrier：
    Determine that the terminal can use the dispatching priority of member carrier；
    The dispatching priority descending of member carrier can be used according to the definite terminal and according to the terminal in each member The upper limit of PRB quantity can be used on carrier wave, is the terminal scheduling carrier resource, until meeting scheduling of resource demand or traversal institute State all available member carriers of terminal.
  2. 2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described can use putting down on member carrier according to each terminal at it Equal channel quality, determines the dispatching priority of each terminal, specifically includes：
    It can use at it average channel quality on member carrier according to each terminal, the tune of each terminal determined using direct ratio fairness algorithm Spend priority；Alternatively,
    It can use at it average channel quality on member carrier according to each terminal, each terminal determined using max carrier to interference algorithm Dispatching priority.
  3. 3. method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that determine that the terminal can use the scheduling of member carrier excellent First level, specifically includes：
    From the member carrier for configuring and activating for the terminal, selection has available physical resources block to make the member carrier of PRB To can use member carrier；
    Sort according to average channel quality of the terminal on each available member carrier, determine each available member carrier Dispatching priority.
  4. 4. method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that determine that the terminal can use the scheduling of member carrier excellent First level, specifically includes：
    From the member carrier for configuring and activating for the terminal, the member carrier that selection has available PRB is used as and can be carried with member Ripple；
    It can be sorted according on each available member carrier with the quantity of PRB, determine the dispatching priority of each available member carrier.
  5. 5. method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that determine that the terminal can use the scheduling of member carrier excellent First level, specifically includes：
    From the member carrier for configuring and activating for the terminal, the member carrier that selection has available PRB is used as and can be carried with member Ripple；
    PRB quantity can be used according on channel quality of the terminal on each available member carrier and each member carrier, really The data volume that can be carried on fixed each available member carrier；
    Sort according to the data volume that can be carried on each available member carrier, determine the dispatching priority of each available member carrier Level.
  6. 6. method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that determine that the terminal can use the scheduling of member carrier excellent First level, specifically includes：
    From the member carrier for configuring and activating for the terminal, the member carrier that selection has available PRB is used as and can be carried with member Ripple；
    Sort according to average transmission rate of the terminal on each available member carrier, determine each available member carrier Dispatching priority.
  7. 7. a kind of resource scheduling device, it is characterised in that described device is applied to carrier aggregation system, and described device includes：
    Time domain scheduling unit, for can use the average channel quality on member carrier at it according to each terminal, determines each terminal Dispatching priority；
    Frequency domain dispatching unit, for the dispatching priority descending according to each terminal, being followed successively by each terminal scheduling can be carried with member Resource on ripple；
    Wherein, when can be with resource on member carrier for terminal scheduling, the frequency domain dispatching unit be specifically used for：
    Determine that the terminal can use the dispatching priority of member carrier；
    The dispatching priority descending of member carrier can be used according to the definite terminal and according to the terminal in each member The upper limit of PRB quantity can be used on carrier wave, is the terminal scheduling carrier resource, until meeting scheduling of resource demand or traversal institute State all available member carriers of terminal.
  8. 8. device according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the time domain scheduling unit is specifically used for：
    It can use at it average channel quality on member carrier according to each terminal, the tune of each terminal determined using direct ratio fairness algorithm Spend priority；Alternatively,
    It can use at it average channel quality on member carrier according to each terminal, each terminal determined using max carrier to interference algorithm Dispatching priority.
  9. 9. the device according to claim 7 or 8, it is characterised in that determine that the terminal can use the scheduling of member carrier excellent During first level, the frequency domain dispatching unit is specifically used for：
    From the member carrier for configuring and activating for the terminal, the member carrier that selection has available PRB is used as and can be carried with member Ripple；
    Sort according to average channel quality of the terminal on each available member carrier, determine each available member carrier Dispatching priority.
  10. 10. the device according to claim 7 or 8, it is characterised in that determine that the terminal can use the scheduling of member carrier excellent During first level, the frequency domain dispatching unit is specifically used for：
    From the member carrier for configuring and activating for the terminal, the member carrier that selection has available PRB is used as and can be carried with member Ripple；
    It can be sorted according on each available member carrier with the quantity of PRB, determine the dispatching priority of each available member carrier.
  11. 11. the device according to claim 7 or 8, it is characterised in that determine that the terminal can use the scheduling of member carrier excellent During first level, the frequency domain dispatching unit is specifically used for：
    From the member carrier for configuring and activating for the terminal, the member carrier that selection has available PRB is used as and can be carried with member Ripple；
    PRB quantity can be used according on channel quality of the terminal on each available member carrier and each member carrier, really The data volume that can be carried on fixed each available member carrier；
    Sort according to the data volume that can be carried on each available member carrier, determine the dispatching priority of each available member carrier Level.
  12. 12. the device according to claim 7 or 8, it is characterised in that determine that the terminal can use the scheduling of member carrier excellent During first level, the frequency domain dispatching unit is specifically used for：
    From the member carrier for configuring and activating for the terminal, the member carrier that selection has available PRB is used as and can be carried with member Ripple；
    Sort according to average transmission rate of the terminal on each available member carrier, determine each available member carrier Dispatching priority.
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