CN103872987A - Method and circuit for converting alternating-current sine wave signals into direct-current step wave signals - Google Patents
Method and circuit for converting alternating-current sine wave signals into direct-current step wave signals Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种将交流正弦波信号转化为直流阶梯波信号的方法及电路,方法包括步骤:(1)、将交流正弦波信号整流为直流馒头信号;(2)、将馒头波信号送入多个幅值不同的电压调节装置,划分成多阶电压信号;(3)、将各阶电压信号分别送入恒流装置,使各阶电压信号波形成为平顶波;所有平顶波电压信号顺序连续,获得直流阶梯波信号;电路包括:整流桥电路,将交流正弦波信号整流成直流馒头波信号;多个电压调节装置,并联成网络,各电压调节装置的电压调节设定值不同,将直流馒头波信号划分成幅度不同的多阶信号;多个恒流控制装置,其数量与电压调节装置相同,分别对应连接各电压调节装置,用于控制各电压调节装置的电流保持恒定,使电压调节装置的输出信号是平顶波;所有平顶波信号顺序连续,成为直流阶梯波信号。
A method and circuit for converting an AC sine wave signal into a DC ladder wave signal, the method comprising steps: (1), rectifying the AC sine wave signal into a DC steamed bun signal; (2), sending the steamed bun wave signal into multiple amplitude The voltage adjustment devices with different values are divided into multi-level voltage signals; (3), the voltage signals of each level are sent to the constant current device respectively, so that the voltage signal waveform of each level becomes a flat-top wave; all the flat-top wave voltage signals are sequential, Obtain a DC ladder wave signal; the circuit includes: a rectifier bridge circuit, which rectifies the AC sine wave signal into a DC steamed wave signal; multiple voltage adjustment devices are connected in parallel to form a network, and the voltage adjustment settings of each voltage adjustment device are different. The wave signal is divided into multi-order signals with different amplitudes; multiple constant current control devices, the number of which is the same as that of the voltage adjustment device, are respectively connected to each voltage adjustment device, and are used to control the current of each voltage adjustment device to keep constant, so that the voltage adjustment device The output signal is a flat-top wave; all flat-top wave signals are continuous in sequence and become a DC staircase wave signal.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于电子电路领域,涉及一种将交流正弦波信号转化为直流阶梯波信号的方法及电路。 The invention belongs to the field of electronic circuits, and relates to a method and a circuit for converting an AC sine wave signal into a DC ladder wave signal.
背景技术 Background technique
在电子测量与自动控制系统中,正弦波是很重要的一种模拟信号,有着广泛的应用,将正弦波转化成阶梯波可以当成数字信号处理。阶梯波是一种取值不随时间连续变化的信号,它的取值具有离散性,由阶梯波信号发生器产生的阶梯波可以作为时序控制信号和多极电位基准信号。 In the electronic measurement and automatic control system, the sine wave is a very important analog signal and has a wide range of applications. Converting the sine wave into a step wave can be treated as a digital signal. The staircase wave is a signal whose value does not change continuously with time, and its value is discrete. The staircase wave generated by the staircase wave signal generator can be used as a timing control signal and a multi-pole potential reference signal.
在一些实际应用中,由于阶梯波具有数字特性而得到了广泛应用,例如晶体管特性测试中经常需要阶梯波信号源作为晶体管基极信号源。在电子电路设计领域中,阶梯波作为一种常用的模拟信号,正弦波到阶梯波可以通过AD(模拟到数字转换器)配之计数器,脉冲发生器产生,但是这种方法电路比较复杂,AD成本较高。传统的信号源采用泵式阶梯波产生电路,精度较低,而且要求脉冲信号源具有一定负载能力,所以只能适用于要求不高的场合。 In some practical applications, the step wave has been widely used due to its digital characteristics. For example, the step wave signal source is often required as the transistor base signal source in the transistor characteristic test. In the field of electronic circuit design, the step wave is a commonly used analog signal. The sine wave to the step wave can be generated by an AD (analog to digital converter) with a counter and a pulse generator, but this method is more complicated. AD higher cost. The traditional signal source uses a pump-type ladder wave generating circuit, which has low precision and requires the pulse signal source to have a certain load capacity, so it can only be applied to occasions with low requirements.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明提供一种正弦波到阶梯波转化电路,可以产生任意阶、阶梯电压可调的高精度阶梯波。其技术方案是: The invention provides a conversion circuit from sine wave to step wave, which can generate high-precision step wave with any step and adjustable step voltage. Its technical solution is:
一种将交流正弦波信号转化为直流阶梯波信号的方法,包括步骤: A method for converting an AC sine wave signal into a DC ladder wave signal, comprising the steps of:
(1)、将交流正弦波信号整流为直流馒头信号; (1) Rectify the AC sine wave signal into a DC steamed bread signal;
(2)、将馒头波信号送入多个幅值不同的电压调节装置,划分成多阶电压信号; (2) Send the steamed bread wave signal to multiple voltage regulators with different amplitudes, and divide it into multi-level voltage signals;
(3)、将各阶电压信号分别送入恒流装置,使各阶电压信号波形成为平顶波;所有平顶波电压信号顺序连续,获得直流阶梯波信号。 (3) The voltage signals of each stage are sent to the constant current device respectively, so that the waveform of the voltage signal of each stage becomes a flat-top wave; all the flat-top wave voltage signals are continuous in order to obtain a DC ladder wave signal.
一种将交流正弦波信号转化为直流阶梯波信号的电路,包括: A circuit for converting an AC sine wave signal into a DC step wave signal, comprising:
-整流桥电路,将交流正弦波信号整流成直流馒头波信号; - rectifier bridge circuit, which rectifies the AC sine wave signal into a DC steamed wave signal;
-多个电压调节装置,并联成网络,各电压调节装置的电压调节设定值不同,将直流馒头波信号划分成幅度不同的多阶信号; -Multiple voltage adjustment devices are connected in parallel to form a network, and the voltage adjustment setting values of each voltage adjustment device are different, and the DC steamed wave signal is divided into multi-level signals with different amplitudes;
-多个恒流控制装置,其数量与电压调节装置相同,分别对应连接各电压调节装置,用于控制各电压调节装置的电流保持恒定,使电压调节装置的输出信号是平顶波;所有平顶波信号顺序连续,成为直流阶梯波信号。 -Multiple constant current control devices, the number of which is the same as that of the voltage regulating devices, are connected to each voltage regulating device correspondingly, and are used to control the current of each voltage regulating device to keep constant, so that the output signal of the voltage regulating device is a flat-top wave; The top wave signal is continuous in sequence and becomes a DC ladder wave signal.
所述电压调节装置由一个二极管串联管组和一个负载电阻串联构成,各电压调节装置的二极管串联管组中的二极管数量不同,当直流馒头波信号流经电压调节网络时,作用于二极管串联管组的分压不同,作用于负载电阻上的分压也不同,从而将直流馒头波信号转化成多阶信号。 The voltage regulating device is composed of a diode series tube group and a load resistor connected in series. The number of diodes in the diode series tube group of each voltage regulating device is different. The divided voltage of the group is different, and the divided voltage acting on the load resistance is also different, so that the DC steamed wave signal is converted into a multi-order signal.
所述恒流控制装置包括:电流采样单元、基准电压单元、运算放大器和调整管;其中, The constant current control device includes: a current sampling unit, a reference voltage unit, an operational amplifier and an adjustment tube; wherein,
所述参考电压源单元用于产生恒定的参考电压; The reference voltage source unit is used to generate a constant reference voltage;
所述电流采样单元用于采样电压调节装置的电流,并以电压形式向调整管输出反馈信号; The current sampling unit is used for sampling the current of the voltage regulating device, and outputting a feedback signal to the regulating tube in the form of voltage;
所述运算放大器用于接收电流采样反馈信号和参考电压,向调整管输出控制信号; The operational amplifier is used to receive the current sampling feedback signal and the reference voltage, and output the control signal to the adjustment tube;
所述调整管用于调节电压调节装置的电流保持恒定,使电压调节装置的输出信号波形是平顶波。 The adjusting tube is used to adjust the current of the voltage regulating device to keep constant, so that the output signal waveform of the voltage regulating device is a flat top wave.
所述调整管是晶体管、MOS管、IGBT之一。 The adjusting transistor is one of a transistor, a MOS transistor and an IGBT.
所述运算放大器优选低失调高增益的集成电路运算放大器。 The operational amplifier is preferably an integrated circuit operational amplifier with low offset and high gain.
本发明的有益效果: Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1、阶梯电压可以是任意阶的,且每阶电压均可调; 1. The step voltage can be of any order, and the voltage of each step can be adjusted;
2、电路简单,没有数字逻辑控制,也不需要编程; 2. The circuit is simple, there is no digital logic control, and no programming is required;
3、在函数发生器等信号源装置中,本发明方案具有独特的优势,可以利用已有的电路进行构建,提高电路利用效率。 3. In signal source devices such as function generators, the solution of the present invention has unique advantages, and can be constructed by using existing circuits to improve circuit utilization efficiency.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明的正弦波到阶梯波转化的系统原理图。 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system for transforming sine waves into step waves according to the present invention.
图2是本发明一种具体电路原理图。 Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a specific circuit of the present invention.
图3是本发明正弦波到阶梯波的转化过程示意图。 Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the transformation process from sine wave to step wave in the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
以下结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行详细描述,但是本发明并不仅仅限于这些实施例。本发明涵盖任何在本发明的精髓和范围上做的替代、修改、等效方法以及方案。为使公众对本发明有彻底的了解,以下本发明优选实施例中详细的说明了具体的细节,但是对本领域技术人员来说没有这些细节的描述也可以完全理解本发明。 Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. The present invention covers any alternatives, modifications, equivalent methods and schemes made on the spirit and scope of the present invention. In order for the public to have a thorough understanding of the present invention, specific details are described in detail in the following preferred embodiments of the present invention, but those skilled in the art can fully understand the present invention without the description of these details.
图1是本发明的一种正弦波到阶梯波转化电路的原理框图。该实施例中包含整流桥电路,阶梯电压调节网络、电流采样单元、基准电压单元、运算放大器和调整管。 Fig. 1 is a functional block diagram of a sine wave to step wave conversion circuit of the present invention. This embodiment includes a rectifier bridge circuit, a ladder voltage regulation network, a current sampling unit, a reference voltage unit, an operational amplifier and an adjustment tube.
所述整流桥电路用于接收交流输入的正弦波,并将所述交流输入电压整流成直流电压的馒头波; The rectifier bridge circuit is used to receive the sine wave of the AC input, and rectify the AC input voltage into a steamed wave of DC voltage;
所述电流采样单元用于采样阶梯电压调节网络的电流; The current sampling unit is used for sampling the current of the ladder voltage regulation network;
所述基准电压产生单元用于产生恒定的电压; The reference voltage generation unit is used to generate a constant voltage;
所述运算放大器的同相端用于接收基准电压,反相端用于接收采样电路的反馈电压; The non-inverting terminal of the operational amplifier is used to receive the reference voltage, and the inverting terminal is used to receive the feedback voltage of the sampling circuit;
所述调整管根据采样电路的反馈电压与设定的基准电压调整电流恒定。 The adjustment tube adjusts the current to be constant according to the feedback voltage of the sampling circuit and the set reference voltage.
参考图2:所示为本发明实施例的阶梯电压可调的阶梯波产生电路图,交流正弦波AC经过整流桥整流,变成馒头波。在电压为零时,m个阶梯电压调节网络没有电流,流经采样电阻Rs的电流为零,采样电阻Rs上的电压为零,反馈到m个运算放大器的负输入端的电压为零,运算放大器输出正向饱和电压,m个MOS管M1M2…Mm处于完全导通状态。在电压上升到可以使第一个阶梯电压调节网络的N1个二极管导通的电压时,第一个阶梯电压调节网络导通,有电流流经采样电阻Rs。电压继续增大,电流增大,由于运算放大器的嵌位作用,电流恒定在VREF_1/Rs。负载电阻R1的端电压即第一阶梯输出电压为: Refer to Figure 2: It shows the circuit diagram of the ladder wave generation circuit with adjustable ladder voltage in the embodiment of the present invention. The AC sine wave AC is rectified by the rectifier bridge to become a steamed bun wave. When the voltage is zero, the m ladder voltage regulation network has no current, the current flowing through the sampling resistor Rs is zero, the voltage on the sampling resistor Rs is zero, and the voltage fed back to the negative input terminals of the m operational amplifiers is zero, and the operational amplifier The forward saturation voltage is output, and the m MOS transistors M1M2...Mm are fully turned on. When the voltage rises to the voltage that can turn on the N1 diodes of the first ladder voltage regulation network, the first ladder voltage regulation network is turned on, and a current flows through the sampling resistor Rs. The voltage continues to increase, and the current increases. Due to the clamping effect of the operational amplifier, the current is constant at VREF_1/Rs. The terminal voltage of the load resistor R1, that is, the output voltage of the first step is:
V1=R1*VREF_1/Rs V1=R1*VREF_1/Rs
式中: VREF是外加电压; Where: VREF is the applied voltage;
VREF_1为一阶输出电压; VREF_1 is the first-order output voltage;
Vt1为第一个阶梯电压调节网络二极管正向导通压降; Vt1 is the forward conduction voltage drop of the first ladder voltage regulation network diode;
输入电压继续增大,第二阶梯电压调节网络中产生较小的电流,使采样电阻Rs上的电压增大,大于VREF_1。第一路恒流控制运算放大器输出为低电平,MOS管M1截止。电流通过第一阶梯电压调节网络、第二阶梯电压调节网络、第二路恒流控制网络、RS到地。采样电流为VREF_2/Rs。负载电阻R2的端电压即第二阶梯输出电压为: The input voltage continues to increase, and a smaller current is generated in the second ladder voltage regulation network, so that the voltage on the sampling resistor Rs increases, which is greater than VREF_1. The output of the first constant current control operational amplifier is low level, and the MOS transistor M1 is cut off. The current passes through the first ladder voltage regulation network, the second ladder voltage regulation network, the second constant current control network, and RS to ground. The sampling current is VREF_2/Rs. The terminal voltage of the load resistor R2, that is, the output voltage of the second step is:
V2=R2*VREF_2/Rs V2=R2*VREF_2/Rs
式中:VREF是外加电压; Where: VREF is the applied voltage;
VREF_2为二阶输出电压; VREF_2 is the second-order output voltage;
Vt2为第二个阶梯电压调节网络二极管正向导通压降; Vt2 is the forward conduction voltage drop of the second ladder voltage regulation network diode;
依此类推,N个阶梯电压调节网络可以产生N阶电压的阶梯波,可以通过设置输入正弦波的幅度、频率以及各个阶梯电压调节网络中的二极管数目和负载电阻即可得到不同幅度的阶梯波。 By analogy, N step voltage regulation networks can generate step waves of N step voltages, and step waves of different amplitudes can be obtained by setting the amplitude and frequency of the input sine wave and the number of diodes and load resistance in each step voltage regulation network. .
上述转化过程如图3所示。 The above conversion process is shown in Figure 3.
以上对本发明所提供的一种阶梯波产生电路进行了详细的介绍,对于本领域的一般技术人员,依据本发明实施例的思想,在具体的实施方式及应用范围上均会有所改变之处,综上所述,本发明不应理解为对本发明的限制。 The step wave generation circuit provided by the present invention has been introduced in detail above. For those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the embodiment of the present invention, there will be some changes in the specific implementation and application range. , In summary, the present invention should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
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