CN103731124B - A kind of ladder wave generation circuit - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及电子电路技术,具体的说是涉及一种阶梯波产生电路。本发明的包括整流桥电路,其特征在于,还包括多个阶梯电压调节网络和多个恒流控制网络,所述整流桥电路与阶梯电压调节网络和恒流控制网络连接,所述阶梯电压调节网络与恒流控制网络的数量相等切一次对应连接。本发明的有益效果为,可以产生阶数任意、阶梯电压可调的阶梯波,同时电路结构简单,没有数字逻辑控制,也不需要编程,可有效提高电路利用效率。本发明尤其适用于阶梯波产生电路。
The invention relates to electronic circuit technology, in particular to a ladder wave generating circuit. The rectifier bridge circuit of the present invention is characterized in that it also includes a plurality of ladder voltage regulation networks and a plurality of constant current control networks, the rectifier bridge circuit is connected with the ladder voltage regulation network and the constant current control network, and the ladder voltage regulation The number of network and constant current control network is equal to one corresponding connection. The beneficial effect of the invention is that it can generate a ladder wave with any order and adjustable step voltage, and at the same time, the circuit structure is simple, there is no digital logic control, and no programming is required, which can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of the circuit. The invention is especially suitable for a ladder wave generating circuit.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电子电路技术,具体的说是涉及一种阶梯波产生电路。The invention relates to electronic circuit technology, in particular to a ladder wave generating circuit.
背景技术Background technique
目前,在电子电路设计领域中,阶梯波是常用的一种模拟信号。传统的阶梯波生成器一般有以下两种方案:第一种方案如图1所示,包括方波发生器、微分电路、限幅电路、积分累加电路、电子开关电路、比较器和震荡电路构成,其原理是通过方波发生电路产生方波,然后通过微分电路,得到上下均有尖脉冲的波形。这时要只取上面的尖脉冲,就需通过限幅电路滤除下半部分的波形。当这些脉冲经过积分累加电路时,一个尖脉冲累加为一个固定的值,下一个脉冲到来时又会增加同样的一个值,于是输出形成了阶梯波形。当累加结果没有超过比较器的阈值时,会一直累加下去。而达到门限后,比较器输出电压翻转,输出正电压使振荡控制电路工作,使方波停振,同时积分电容对地短路放电,电容器恢复起始状态累加结束。而在电容放电之后,积分器输出由负值向零跳变,使比较器又一次翻转,振荡电路不能工作,比较器输出变为负值,整个电路又会正常产生阶梯波,如此周而复始,形成周期。由此可见本方案是由集成运放或者晶体管实现,虽然简单,但是缺点明显:实现生成各阶电平可随意调节的阶梯波非常困难,需要对方波发生器、比较器等所有电路均进行重新设定和调整,会导致电路结构也会变得复杂。第二种方案如图二所示,包括时钟信号发生器、计数器、CPU和数模转换器,主要通过可编程器件来控制产生阶梯波实现,较第一种方案而言,此种方案可以得到灵活多变的波形,但是这种方案需要编程,限制了其应用的场合,再一方面,高速的处理器成本较高,进一步局限了其应用。At present, in the field of electronic circuit design, the staircase wave is a commonly used analog signal. The traditional ladder wave generator generally has the following two schemes: the first scheme is shown in Figure 1, including a square wave generator, a differential circuit, a limiter circuit, an integral accumulation circuit, an electronic switch circuit, a comparator and an oscillation circuit. , the principle is to generate a square wave through a square wave generating circuit, and then through a differential circuit to obtain a waveform with sharp pulses up and down. At this time, to only take the sharp pulse above, it is necessary to filter out the lower half of the waveform through the limiter circuit. When these pulses pass through the integration and accumulation circuit, a sharp pulse is accumulated to a fixed value, and the same value will be increased when the next pulse arrives, so the output forms a staircase waveform. When the accumulation result does not exceed the threshold of the comparator, it will continue to accumulate. When the threshold is reached, the output voltage of the comparator is reversed, and the positive voltage is output to make the oscillation control circuit work, so that the square wave stops vibrating, and at the same time, the integral capacitor is short-circuited and discharged to the ground, and the capacitor returns to the initial state and the accumulation ends. After the capacitor is discharged, the output of the integrator jumps from a negative value to zero, causing the comparator to flip again, the oscillation circuit cannot work, the output of the comparator becomes negative, and the whole circuit will normally generate a staircase wave, and so on. cycle. It can be seen that this solution is implemented by integrated operational amplifiers or transistors. Although it is simple, it has obvious disadvantages: it is very difficult to generate a ladder wave whose levels can be adjusted at will, and all circuits such as the square wave generator and comparator must be rebuilt Setting and adjustment will cause the circuit structure to become complicated. The second scheme is shown in Figure 2, including a clock signal generator, a counter, a CPU, and a digital-to-analog converter. It is mainly realized through the control of a programmable device to generate a ladder wave. Compared with the first scheme, this scheme can be obtained Flexible and changeable waveforms, but this solution requires programming, which limits its application occasions. On the other hand, the high cost of a high-speed processor further limits its application.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的,就是针对上述传统的阶梯波产生电路存在的问题,提出一种电路结构简单,不需要编程的阶梯波产生电路。What the present invention aims to solve is to propose a ladder wave generating circuit with a simple circuit structure and no need for programming, aiming at the problems existing in the above-mentioned traditional ladder wave generating circuit.
本发明解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案,如图3所示,包括整流桥电路,其特征在于,还包括多个阶梯电压调节网络和多个恒流控制网络,所述整流桥电路与阶梯电压调节网络和恒流控制网络连接,所述阶梯电压调节网络与恒流控制网络的数量相等且依次对应连接;其中,The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems, as shown in Figure 3, includes a rectifier bridge circuit, and is characterized in that it also includes a plurality of ladder voltage regulation networks and a plurality of constant current control networks, the rectifier bridge circuit and the ladder The voltage regulation network is connected to the constant current control network, and the number of the ladder voltage regulation network and the constant current control network are equal and connected in sequence; wherein,
整流桥电路用于为阶梯电压调节网络和恒流控制网络提供直流电;The rectifier bridge circuit is used to provide direct current for the ladder voltage regulation network and the constant current control network;
阶梯电压调节网络在恒流控制网络的控制下输出阶数任意、阶梯电压可调的阶梯电波。Under the control of the constant current control network, the ladder voltage regulation network outputs ladder radio waves with arbitrary order and adjustable ladder voltage.
如图4所示,所述恒流控制网络包括基准电压源单元、电流采样单元、运算放大器和调整管;所述电流采样单元与阶梯电压调节网络连接,所述基准电压源单元和电流采样单元连接运算放大器的输入端,运算放大器的输出端连接调整管,所述调整管连接阶梯电压调节网络;其中,As shown in Figure 4, the constant current control network includes a reference voltage source unit, a current sampling unit, an operational amplifier and an adjustment tube; the current sampling unit is connected to a ladder voltage regulation network, and the reference voltage source unit and the current sampling unit The input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier is connected with an adjustment tube, and the adjustment tube is connected with a ladder voltage regulation network; wherein,
基准电压单元用于产生恒定的基准电压,并输入到运算放大器的一个输入端;The reference voltage unit is used to generate a constant reference voltage, which is input to an input terminal of the operational amplifier;
电流采样单元用于阶梯电压调节网络的电流,并以电压形式反馈输入到运算放大器的另一个输入端;The current sampling unit is used to adjust the current of the ladder voltage network, and feed back the input to the other input terminal of the operational amplifier in the form of voltage;
运算放大器用于接收基准电压和采样电压,输出电压控制信号到调整管;The operational amplifier is used to receive the reference voltage and sampling voltage, and output the voltage control signal to the adjustment tube;
调整管根据运算放大器的控制信号调整阶梯电压调节网络的电流,保持阶梯电压调节网络的电流恒定。The adjustment tube adjusts the current of the ladder voltage regulation network according to the control signal of the operational amplifier, and keeps the current of the ladder voltage regulation network constant.
本发明的有益效果为,可以产生阶数任意、阶梯电压可调的阶梯波,同时电路结构简单,没有数字逻辑控制,也不需要编程,可有效提高电路利用效率。The beneficial effect of the invention is that it can generate a ladder wave with any order and adjustable step voltage, and at the same time, the circuit structure is simple, there is no digital logic control, and no programming is required, which can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of the circuit.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是第一种传统的阶梯波电路原理框图;Fig. 1 is the schematic block diagram of the first traditional ladder wave circuit;
图2是第二种传统的阶梯波电路原理框图;Fig. 2 is the block diagram of the second conventional ladder wave circuit;
图3是本发明的阶梯波电路原理框图;Fig. 3 is a block diagram of the ladder wave circuit principle of the present invention;
图4是本发明的阶梯波电路更具体的原理框图;Fig. 4 is a more specific functional block diagram of the ladder wave circuit of the present invention;
图5是实施例的电路结构示意图;Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the circuit structure of embodiment;
图6是实施例产生的阶梯波示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the ladder wave generated by the embodiment.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和实施例,详细描述本发明的技术方案:Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, describe technical solution of the present invention in detail:
本发明的电容降压电路,如图3所示,包括整流桥电路,其特征在于,还包括多个阶梯电压调节网络和多个恒流控制网络,所述整流桥电路与阶梯电压调节网络和恒流控制网络连接,所述阶梯电压调节网络与恒流控制网络的数量相等且依次对应连接;其中,The capacitive step-down circuit of the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, includes a rectifier bridge circuit, and is characterized in that it also includes a plurality of ladder voltage regulation networks and a plurality of constant current control networks, the rectifier bridge circuit and the ladder voltage regulation network and The constant current control network is connected, and the number of the ladder voltage regulation network and the constant current control network are equal and connected in sequence; wherein,
整流桥电路用于为阶梯电压调节网络和恒流控制网络提供直流电;The rectifier bridge circuit is used to provide direct current for the ladder voltage regulation network and the constant current control network;
阶梯电压调节网络在恒流控制网络的控制下输出阶数任意、阶梯电压可调的阶梯电波。Under the control of the constant current control network, the ladder voltage regulation network outputs ladder radio waves with arbitrary order and adjustable ladder voltage.
如图4所示,所述恒流控制网络包括基准电压源单元、电流采样单元、运算放大器和调整管;所述电流采样单元与阶梯电压调节网络连接,所述基准电压源单元和电流采样单元连接运算放大器的输入端,运算放大器的输出端连接调整管,所述调整管连接阶梯电压调节网络;其中,As shown in Figure 4, the constant current control network includes a reference voltage source unit, a current sampling unit, an operational amplifier and an adjustment tube; the current sampling unit is connected to a ladder voltage regulation network, and the reference voltage source unit and the current sampling unit The input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier is connected with an adjustment tube, and the adjustment tube is connected with a ladder voltage regulation network; wherein,
基准电压单元用于产生恒定的基准电压,并输入到运算放大器的一个输入端;The reference voltage unit is used to generate a constant reference voltage, which is input to an input terminal of the operational amplifier;
电流采样单元用于阶梯电压调节网络的电流,并以电压形式反馈输入到运算放大器的另一个输入端;The current sampling unit is used to adjust the current of the ladder voltage network, and feed back the input to the other input terminal of the operational amplifier in the form of voltage;
运算放大器用于接收基准电压和采样电压,输出电压控制信号到调整管;The operational amplifier is used to receive the reference voltage and sampling voltage, and output the voltage control signal to the adjustment tube;
调整管根据运算放大器的控制信号调整阶梯电压调节网络的电流,保持阶梯电压调节网络的电流恒定。The adjustment tube adjusts the current of the ladder voltage regulation network according to the control signal of the operational amplifier, and keeps the current of the ladder voltage regulation network constant.
实施例:Example:
如图5所示,交流正弦波AC经过整流桥整流,变成馒头波。在电压为零时,m个阶梯电压调剂网络没有电流,流经采样电阻Rs的电流为零,采样电阻上的电压为零,反馈到m个运算放大器的负输入端的电压为零,运放输出正向饱和电压,m个MOS管M1M2…Mm处于完全导通状态。在电压上升到可以是第一个阶梯电压调节网络的N1个二极管导通的电压时,第一个阶梯电压调节网络导通,有电流流经采样电阻。电压继续增大,电流增大,由于运放的嵌位作用,电流恒定在VREF_1/Rs。阶梯输出电压为:As shown in Figure 5, the AC sine wave AC is rectified by the rectifier bridge and becomes a steamed bun wave. When the voltage is zero, the m ladder voltage regulation network has no current, the current flowing through the sampling resistor Rs is zero, the voltage on the sampling resistor is zero, and the voltage fed back to the negative input terminals of the m operational amplifiers is zero, and the output of the operational amplifier is zero. Forward saturation voltage, the m MOS transistors M1M2...Mm are fully turned on. When the voltage rises to the voltage at which the N1 diodes of the first ladder voltage regulation network are turned on, the first ladder voltage regulation network is turned on, and a current flows through the sampling resistor. The voltage continues to increase, and the current increases. Due to the clamping effect of the op amp, the current is constant at VREF_1/Rs. The ladder output voltage is:
V=N1*Vt+R1*VREF_l/RsV=N1*Vt+R1*VREF_l/Rs
Vt为二极管正向导通压降。Vt is the forward conduction voltage drop of the diode.
输入电压继续增大,第二阶梯电压调节网络中产生较小的电流,使采样电阻上的电压增大,大于VREF_1。第一路恒流控制运算放大器输出为低电平,MOS管M1截止。电流通过第一阶梯电压调节网络、第二阶梯电压调节网络、第二路恒流控制网络、RS到地。采样电流为VREF_2/Rs。阶梯输出电压为:The input voltage continues to increase, and a smaller current is generated in the second ladder voltage regulation network, so that the voltage on the sampling resistor increases and is greater than VREF_1. The output of the first constant current control operational amplifier is low level, and the MOS transistor M1 is cut off. The current passes through the first ladder voltage regulation network, the second ladder voltage regulation network, the second constant current control network, and RS to ground. The sampling current is VREF_2/Rs. The ladder output voltage is:
V=N1*Vt+R1*VREF_2/RsV=N1*Vt+R1*VREF_2/Rs
Vt为二极管正向导通压降。Vt is the forward conduction voltage drop of the diode.
原理同上,N个阶梯电压调节网络可以产生N阶梯电压的阶梯波,可以通过设置输入正弦波的幅度、频率以及各个阶梯电压调节网络中的二极管数目和电阻即可得到不同的阶梯波。The principle is the same as above, N step voltage regulation networks can generate step waves of N step voltages, and different step waves can be obtained by setting the amplitude and frequency of the input sine wave and the number of diodes and resistances in each step voltage regulation network.
图6是本发明实施例的阶梯波图形,虚线是经过整流桥整流的正弦波,实线是实施例产生的阶梯波波形,具体阶梯电压可由所述阶梯电压调解网络设定,阶梯数目可由阶梯电压调节网络设定。Fig. 6 is the ladder wave graph of the embodiment of the present invention, the dotted line is the sine wave rectified by the rectifier bridge, the solid line is the ladder wave waveform generated by the embodiment, the specific ladder voltage can be set by the ladder voltage mediation network, and the number of steps can be set by the ladder Voltage regulation network settings.
因此,本发明技术方案实现的阶梯波产生电路,具有以下的有益效果:阶梯电压可以是阶数任意的,阶梯电压可调;电路简单,没有数字逻辑控制,也不需要编程;必要时可以直接接市电进行变换;在函数发生器等信号源装置中,本发明方案具有独特的优势,可以利用已有的电路进行构建,提高电路利用效率。Therefore, the ladder wave generation circuit realized by the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the ladder voltage can be of any order, and the ladder voltage is adjustable; the circuit is simple, there is no digital logic control, and no programming is required; it can be directly Connecting to commercial power for transformation; in signal source devices such as function generators, the solution of the present invention has unique advantages, and can be constructed by using existing circuits to improve circuit utilization efficiency.
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