CN103864497A - Special fertilizer for oranges in acid soil and preparation method of fertilizer - Google Patents
Special fertilizer for oranges in acid soil and preparation method of fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special fertilizer for oranges in acid soil and a preparation method of the fertilizer. The fertilizer is prepared from urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulphate, humic acid, borax, zinc sulfate heptahydrate and diatomite in a certain proportion. The preparation method comprises the following steps: A, based on a simple substance fertilizer, taking urea, monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulphate as a raw material; B, crushing the raw material, and humidifying and heating the material in a rolling bed of a rotary drum granulator to agglomerate and pelletize; C, in the pelletizing process, adding powdery humic acid, borax and zinc sulfate into the rotary drum granulator; and D, drying, sieving and cooling the pelletized material to obtain a three-element compound fertilizer product containing humic acid and microelements. The method is feasible, simple and convenient to operate, wide in source of raw materials and strong in universality. The raw materials are solid, so that dependency on the raw materials is weak. The method is environmental friendly because the method is the secondary processing process of the basic fertilizer, so that the problem of the environmental pollution is nearly avoided. The method is easy to popularize and produce.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fertilizer preparation and utilize technical field, more specifically relating to a kind of oranges and tangerines dedicated fertilizer of acid soil, also relating to a kind of preparation method of oranges and tangerines dedicated fertilizer of acid soil simultaneously.
Background technology
China is one of main place of production of world's oranges and tangerines, and area ranks first in the world.At present, oranges and tangerines are the second largest fruit that China is only second to apple, and cultivation scope distributes wide, is mainly distributed in the Yangtze valley and areas to the south, are the especially Main Economic sources of part hill farmer, citriculture district, in national economy, play an important role.
Soil acidification is ubiquitous natural process in soil forming process, causes pH value to reduce, simultaneously because the excessive of Acid Rain Effect and acid chemical fertilizer used, and the area expanding day of southern citrus orchard soil acidification.Oranges and tangerines all can be grown between soil pH 4.8 ~ 8.5, but take soil pH 5.5 ~ 6.5 as optimum.Compared with normal citrus orchard, soil acidification causes active aluminum in soil, manganese poisoning, most nutrient availabilities decline, and cause fruit tree nutrition obstacle, retarded growth and fruit yield, quality decline, and soil acidification has become the Main Factors of the most Aspects In The Development of Citrus Industries of restriction.
In the more serious oranges and tangerines producing region of acidifying, need to accomplish the yield and quality of two promise fruit trees.First, reasonably use soil improvement agent and reduce soil acidity, improve soil physical and chemical property.Secondly, supplementing and in acidified soil, be easily fixed and the mineral element of leaching loss, reduce highly active nutrient consumption simultaneously, by scientific and effective large secondary and micro-element fertilizers proportioning, mend organic fertilizer, is the fertilising scheme that acidifying citrus orchard proposes a scientific and efficient.The object of the invention is Section 2, formulated the special fertilizer formula fertilizer that is applicable to acid soil citrus orchard.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to be to provide a kind of oranges and tangerines dedicated fertilizer of acid soil, formula rationally, easy to use, it meets the characteristics of demand of south China acidifying citrus orchard soil nutrient, by wide skin citrus orchard soil, tree body nutrient situation and fruit are taken away to Nutrient Investigation sampling analysis, specifying acidified soil affects the nutrient obstruction factor of orchard fruit yield, quality.Be foundation according to the technical thought of acid soil investigation and analysis and " fixed fertile according to fruit; according to soil supplementary fertilizer, adjust fertile according to tree vigo(u)r ", determine rate of fertilizer application and allocation proportion, increase humic acid and micronutrient boron, zinc simultaneously, solve current acid soil and lack organic and micro-problem.Promote demonstration test checking by the formula fertilizers of continuous 2 years, special fertilizer can improve satsuma orange output, improves fruit quality.
Another object of the present invention is the preparation method who has been to provide a kind of oranges and tangerines dedicated fertilizer of acid soil, easy to implement the method, easy and simple to handle, and in production process, needed raw material sources are extensively easy to get, and the course of processing is comparatively simple; Versatility is stronger, and the raw material of employing is solid, not strong to raw-material support; , because be the secondary processing process to base fertilizer, therefore there is hardly the problem of environmental pollution in environmental friendliness; Be easy to promote and produce, the base fertilizer major part current due to China is granular, therefore, even the factory of composite fertilizer of middle-size and small-size scale can adopt this kind of method to carry out volume production.
In order to realize above-mentioned object, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
An oranges and tangerines dedicated fertilizer that is applicable to acid soil, it is made up of the raw material of following weight part:
Parts by weight of raw materials % parts by weight of raw materials %
Urea 22.56-35.02 monoammonium phosphate 4.88-26.83
Potassium sulfate 15.00-32.00 humic acids 3.00-12.00
Borax 0.10-2.26 Zinc vitriol 0.30-4.24
Diatomite 5.00-40.00.
An oranges and tangerines dedicated fertilizer that is applicable to acid soil, it makes (preferable range) by the raw material of following weight part:
Parts by weight of raw materials % parts by weight of raw materials %
Urea 23.00-35.00 monoammonium phosphate 5.00-26.00
Potassium sulfate 16.00-30.00 humic acids 4.00-12.00
Borax 0.20-2.00 Zinc vitriol 0.50-4.00
Diatomite 8.00-35.00.
Be applicable to an oranges and tangerines dedicated fertilizer for acid soil, it makes (better scope) by the raw material of following weight part:
Parts by weight of raw materials % parts by weight of raw materials %
Urea 25.00-33.00 monoammonium phosphate 8.00-22.00
Potassium sulfate 18.00-28.00 humic acids 4.50-10.50
Borax 0.30-1.80 Zinc vitriol 0.80-3.50
Diatomite 10.00-30.00.
An oranges and tangerines dedicated fertilizer that is applicable to acid soil, it makes (optimum range) by the raw material of following weight part:
Parts by weight of raw materials % parts by weight of raw materials %
Urea 26.00-31.00 monoammonium phosphate 10.00-20.00
Potassium sulfate 20.00-26.00 humic acids 5.00-10.00
Borax 0.40-1.50 Zinc vitriol 1.00-3.00
Diatomite 15.00-25.00.
An oranges and tangerines dedicated fertilizer that is applicable to acid soil, it makes (optimum value) by the raw material of following weight part:
Parts by weight of raw materials % parts by weight of raw materials %
Urea 28.00 monoammonium phosphates 14.00
Potassium sulfate 24.00 humic acidss 8.00
Borax 0.50 Zinc vitriol 2.50
Diatomite 23.00.
A preparation method for the oranges and tangerines dedicated fertilizer of acid soil, the steps include:
A, take straight fertilizer as basis: urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate are as raw material;
B, by raw material pulverizing, to certain fineness (70-90 order), material carries out agglomeration granulation by humidification, heating (50-55 ℃) in the rolling bed of rotary drum granulator (16r/min rotating speed);
C, in granulation process, in rotary drum granulator, add pulverous humic acid, borax and zinc sulfate.
D, granulation material drying, screening, cooling (15-30 ℃) obtain containing humic acid and micro-three element compound fertilizer material product.
The method is one of method extensively adopting in the world, and in production process, needed raw material sources are extensively easy to get, and the course of processing is comparatively simple; Versatility is stronger, and the raw material of employing is solid, not strong to raw-material support; Product is easy to be dried, and can energy-saving consumption-reducing; , because be the secondary processing process to base fertilizer, therefore there is hardly problem of environmental pollution in environmental friendliness; Be easy to promote and produce, the base fertilizer major part current due to China is granular, therefore, even the factory of composite fertilizer of middle-size and small-size scale can adopt this kind of method to carry out volume production.
(production method is with reference to " compound fertilizer special formulating of recipe and production " (Li Chunhua, Liang Guoqing chief editor, Chemical Industry Press, July calendar year 2001 the 1st edition))
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages and effect:
Citrus proprietary formula fertilizer prepared by the present invention, continuous 2 years at satsuma orange producing region, Yiling District, Yichang City typical case acidified soil citrus orchard experiment and demonstration, within 2012, compares conventional fertilizer application, and two demonstration pilot project mus volume increase are respectively 9.6%, 7.1%; Improved content of fruit soluble solids, solid acid ratio and Vc content, for typical acidifying citrus orchard, special formula fertilizer has reached the significantly lifting to output, and the obvious improvement of quality simultaneously.
Embodiment
Present embodiment comprises Preparation Example and Application Example two parts.Before this citrus proprietary formula of development fertilizer, Yiling District, Yichang City citrus orchard soil acidification and nutrient situation have been carried out to investigation and analysis targetedly, technical thought with " fixed fertile according to fruit; according to soil supplementary fertilizer; adjust fertile according to tree vigo(u)r " is foundation, in conjunction with acidifying Trace Elements in Soil nutrient availability, also finally determine the formula of special fertilizer of the present invention by special fertilizer extend trial checking in 3 years.
Embodiment 1:
An oranges and tangerines dedicated fertilizer that is applicable to acid soil, it is made up of the raw material of following weight part:
Parts by weight of raw materials % parts by weight of raw materials %
Urea 28.00 monoammonium phosphates 14.00
Potassium sulfate 24.00 humic acidss 8.00
Borax 0.50 Zinc vitriol 2.50
Diatomite 23.00.
A preparation method for the oranges and tangerines dedicated fertilizer of acid soil, the steps include:
A, take straight fertilizer as basis: urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate are as raw material;
B, by raw material pulverizing, to certain fineness (70 or 75 or 80 or 85 or 90 order), material carries out agglomeration granulation by humidification, heating (50 or 52 or 54 or 55 ℃) in the rolling bed of rotary drum granulator (16r/min rotating speed);
C, in granulation process, in rotary drum granulator (or granulating disc), add pulverous humic acid, borax and zinc sulfate.
D, granulation material drying, screening, cooling (15 or 18 or 20 or 23 or 25 or 28 or 30 ℃) obtain containing humic acid and micro-three element compound fertilizer material product.
An oranges and tangerines dedicated fertilizer that is applicable to acid soil, it is made up of the raw material of following weight part:
| Embodiment | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| Urea | 22.14 | 14.28 | 28.00 | 27.00 | 19.60 | 18.00 | 30.00 |
| Monoammonium phosphate | 14.2 | 12.32 | 14.00 | 17.20 | 13.60 | 8.00 | 16.00 |
| Potassium sulfate | 17.80 | 18.00 | 22.00 | 18.50 | 18.20 | 23.00 | 15.00 |
| Humic acids | ? | 6.00 | 8.00 | 3.00 | 5.00 | 6.00 | ? |
| Borax | ? | ? | ? | 0.3 | 0.5 | ? | 0.4 |
| Zinc vitriol | 2.8 | 1.5 | ? | ? | 1.8 | 2 | ? |
| Diatomite | 43.06 | 47.9 | 28 | 34 | 41.3 | 43 | 38.6 |
| Amount to | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Its preparation process is identical with embodiment 1.
one, citrus orchard basis nutrient situation investigation and analysis:
By Yichang City, Hubei Province wide skin citrus orchard soil, tree body nutrient situation and fruit are taken away to Nutrient Investigation sampling analysis, specifying acidified soil affects the nutrient obstruction factor of orchard fruit yield, quality.
Within 2009, to Yichang City's wide skin citrus orchard nutrient situation, investigation and analysis the results are shown in (table 1, table 2).
In all points for investigation, take the suitableeest soil pH of oranges and tangerines crop as 5.5-6.5 is as foundation, soil acidification citrus orchard (soil pH < 5.5) accounts for 84%, illustrates that wide skin oranges and tangerines producing region, Yichang City exists large-area soil acidification situation.
Soil nutrient data presentation, this area's acidified soil and the normal soil organism, rapid available phosphorus, effectively calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper content are suitable; Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen is on the low side; Effective Boron of Soil content lacks.Available potassium, effective zinc are in optimum range in normal soil, and in acidified soil, content is lower, near shortage threshold value, have the potential possibility of nutritional deficiency.
Plant sample analytical results shows, in the Citrus leaf of this area, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium contents are all within normal range, and potassium content is in level on the low side, and acidified soil lacks more serious.In trace element, iron, manganese, copper are in normal level, and zinc content is lower.Normal Boron In Soil content is suitable, and acidified soil is on the low side
Comprehensively can draw the analysis of Yichang wide skin citrus orchard soil in 2009 and leaf nutrient situation, relatively normal citrus orchard, there is more serious potassium, boron, zinc nutritional deficiency in acidified soil, may be the limiting factor that affect acidifying citrus orchard and set bulk-growth.
Table 1 Yichang City in 2009 Yiling District citrus orchard soil nutrient status is analyzed
Yiling District, table 2 Yichang City in 2009 citrus orchard leaf nutrient status analysis
The analytical procedure of table 1 and table 2 with reference to " Soil Analysis in Agricultural Chemistry " (Bao Shidan chief editor, Chinese agriculture press, in December, 2000 third edition)
Investigating and analysing and the fruit nutrient amount of taking away in 2009 by acid soil, is foundation with the technical thought of " fixed fertile according to fruit, according to soil supplementary fertilizer; adjust fertile according to tree vigo(u)r ", determine rate of fertilizer application and allocation proportion, lay particular stress on potash fertilizer, increase humic acid and micronutrient boron, zinc simultaneously.
two, the specific design of citrus proprietary formula fertilizer:
Applicant through production test, has designed a kind of citrus proprietary formula fertilizer that is applicable to acid soil, and this fertilizer effective element is take the weight percent of pure nutrient as nitrogen: 14-16; Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES: 5-7; Potassium oxide: 11-13; Humic acids: 8; Pure boron 0.06 and zinc oxide 0.7
Special fertilizer Demonstration And Extension test demonstration area in 2011 300 mu, 2012 on the basis of the demonstration the year before last, demonstration enlarged areas to 1000 mu, 2011 and special fertilizer Demonstration And Extension test orangery fruit yield in 2012 and fruit quality are shown in (showing 3-table 6).
Relevant special analysis index calculation formula:
Output amplification=(test is processed fruit yield-controlled trial and processed fruit yield) × 100%/controlled trial is processed fruit yield
2011, in Ya Que ridge, Yiling District, Yichang City, demonstration pilot project carried out the demonstration of rational application of fertilizers test effect, first demonstration pilot project of Ya Que ridge, compared with habits fertilization, formula fertilizer has by a small margin and promotes output, second demonstration pilot project, and formula fertilizer is compared with habits fertilization, hang excessive obvious raising, mu volume increase 9.2%, quality aspect, first demonstration pilot project of Ya Que ridge, formula fertilizer has significantly lowered titratable acid, improves solid acid ratio; Second, Ya Que ridge demonstration pilot project, formula fertilizer improves solid acid ratio and fruit Vc content.
2012, in Ya Que ridge, Yiling District, Yichang City, demonstration pilot project carried out the demonstration of rational application of fertilizers test effect, two demonstration pilot projects, and formula fertilizer is mu volume increase 9.6%, 7.1% respectively; Quality aspect, two, Ya Que ridge demonstration pilot project, formula fertilizer has all improved content of fruit soluble solids, solid acid ratio and Vc content; Although oranges and tangerines belong to perennial evergreen crop, there is hysteresis quality in nutrition absorption, shows the obvious lifting to orange yield and quality by the special fertilizer demonstration test, particularly Second Year of 2 years.Therefore this invention provide can be improved its quality for the series special fertilizer of acid soil citrus orchard in improving citrus orchard output.
table 3 acidifying in 2011 soil oranges and tangerines special fertilizer and conventional fertile fruit yield comparison
table 4 sour earth oranges and tangerines special fertilizer in 2011 and conventional fertile fruit quality comparison
table 5 sour earth oranges and tangerines special fertilizer in 2012 and conventional fertile fruit yield comparison
table 6 sour earth oranges and tangerines special fertilizer in 2012 and conventional fertile fruit quality comparison
Claims (7)
1. an oranges and tangerines dedicated fertilizer that is applicable to acid soil, it is made up of the raw material of following weight part:
Parts by weight of raw materials % parts by weight of raw materials %
Urea 22.56-35.02 monoammonium phosphate 4.88-26.83
Potassium sulfate 15.00-32.00 humic acids 3.00-12.00
Borax 0.10-2.26 Zinc vitriol 0.30-4.24
Diatomite 5.00-40.00.
2. a kind of oranges and tangerines dedicated fertilizer that is applicable to acid soil according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Parts by weight of raw materials % parts by weight of raw materials %
Urea 23.00-35.00 monoammonium phosphate 5.00-26.00
Potassium sulfate 16.00-30.00 humic acids 4.00-12.00
Borax 0.20-2.00 Zinc vitriol 0.50-4.00
Diatomite 8.00-35.00.
3. a kind of oranges and tangerines dedicated fertilizer that is applicable to acid soil according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Parts by weight of raw materials % parts by weight of raw materials %
Urea 25.00-33.00 monoammonium phosphate 8.00-22.00
Potassium sulfate 18.00-28.00 humic acids 4.50-10.50
Borax 0.30-1.80 Zinc vitriol 0.80-3.50
Diatomite 10.00-30.00.
4. a kind of oranges and tangerines dedicated fertilizer that is applicable to acid soil according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Parts by weight of raw materials % parts by weight of raw materials %
Urea 26.00-31.00 monoammonium phosphate 10.00-20.00
Potassium sulfate 20.00-26.00 humic acids 5.00-10.00
Borax 0.40-1.50 Zinc vitriol 1.00-3.00
Diatomite 15.00-25.00.
5. a kind of oranges and tangerines dedicated fertilizer that is applicable to acid soil according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Parts by weight of raw materials % parts by weight of raw materials %
Urea 28.00 monoammonium phosphates 14.00
Potassium sulfate 24.00 humic acidss 8.00
Borax 0.50 Zinc vitriol 2.50
Diatomite 23.00.
6. a kind of oranges and tangerines dedicated fertilizer that is applicable to acid soil according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Parts by weight of raw materials % parts by weight of raw materials %
Urea 28.00 monoammonium phosphates 14.00
Potassium sulfate 24.00 humic acidss 8.00
Borax 0.50 Zinc vitriol 2.50
Diatomite 23.00.
7. the preparation method of the oranges and tangerines dedicated fertilizer of a kind of acid soil claimed in claim 1, the steps include:
A, take straight fertilizer as basis: urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate are as raw material;
B, by raw material pulverizing, to 70-90 order, material in the rolling bed of rotary drum granulator 16r/min rotating speed by humidification, heating 50-55 ℃ carry out agglomeration granulation;
C, in granulation process, in rotary drum granulator, add pulverous humic acid, borax and zinc sulfate;
D, granulation material drying, screening, cooling 15-30 ℃, obtain containing humic acid and micro-three element compound fertilizer material product.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104496626A (en) * | 2015-01-17 | 2015-04-08 | 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所 | Special fertilizer for lemon fruit retention and tip growth promotion and preparation method thereof |
| CN104649787A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-05-27 | 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所 | Special amino acid water-soluble fertilizer for lemons and preparation method thereof |
| CN104692963A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-06-10 | 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所 | Special fertilizer for promoting flower formation and fruit swelling of lemons in red soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN104692964A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-06-10 | 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所 | Special formula fertilizer for lemon young trees and preparation method thereof |
| CN104761322A (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2015-07-08 | 于书强 | Alkaline fertilizer |
| CN106631602A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-10 | 贵州大学 | Water-soluble fertilizer special for citrus, and preparation method thereof |
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| CN111606748A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-09-01 | 华中农业大学 | Sugar orange special package fertilizer for increasing yield and improving quality of southern acid soil and application method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104496626A (en) * | 2015-01-17 | 2015-04-08 | 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所 | Special fertilizer for lemon fruit retention and tip growth promotion and preparation method thereof |
| CN104649787A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-05-27 | 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所 | Special amino acid water-soluble fertilizer for lemons and preparation method thereof |
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| CN104692964A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-06-10 | 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所 | Special formula fertilizer for lemon young trees and preparation method thereof |
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| CN106631602A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-10 | 贵州大学 | Water-soluble fertilizer special for citrus, and preparation method thereof |
| CN107032931A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-08-11 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | One kind changes sour auxotype composite soil conditioner and its application |
| CN108059494A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-05-22 | 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所 | A kind of crystal shaddock fruit retention fertilizer and preparation method and application |
| CN111606748A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-09-01 | 华中农业大学 | Sugar orange special package fertilizer for increasing yield and improving quality of southern acid soil and application method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20140618 |