CN103852786B - Reverse time migration imaging method and system applied to land seismic data - Google Patents
Reverse time migration imaging method and system applied to land seismic data Download PDFInfo
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- CN103852786B CN103852786B CN201410049621.9A CN201410049621A CN103852786B CN 103852786 B CN103852786 B CN 103852786B CN 201410049621 A CN201410049621 A CN 201410049621A CN 103852786 B CN103852786 B CN 103852786B
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a system for reverse time migration imaging of land seismic data, wherein the method comprises the following steps: collecting land seismic data; carrying out strong denoising processing on the land seismic data to obtain strong denoising data; carrying out weak denoising processing on the land seismic data to obtain weak denoising data; constructing a broadband wavelet according to the land seismic data; constructing a speed model according to the strong denoising data; performing reverse time migration imaging according to the weak de-noising data, the broadband wavelet and the velocity model to obtain an initial reverse time migration imaging result; and carrying out low-frequency noise attenuation on the initial reverse time migration imaging result to obtain a reverse time migration imaging result. The obtained reverse time migration imaging precision is improved, imaging false images are reduced, and better effects can be obtained in the reverse time migration of onshore data.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is about exploration geophysics technical field, especially with regard to the imaging technique of geological data, is concretely one
Plant the method and system of the reverse-time migration imaging being applied to land seismic data.
Background technology
Along with the further in-depth of Songliao basin, in prior art, the requirement to seismic migration imaging precision the most progressively carries
High.Reverse-time migration is the offset method of a kind of applicable steep dip formation imaging, it is possible to high-dip structure is carried out accurate imaging.With
The development of Computing ability, the range of application of reverse-time migration the most progressively expands.
Conventional reverse-time migration imaging is based on high s/n ratio data, Ricker wavelet and along interval velocity model.To skew knot
Really, low-frequency noise is removed by application low-frequency noise damped system.Such way cannot utilize to a certain extent and make an uproar
The diffracted signal that sound is similar, rate pattern cannot accurate description wave field when walking, migrated section cannot be to low frequency imaging, mistake simultaneously
High frequency can reduce computational efficiency, and final low-frequency noise decay can cause migrated section phase place to change.
Although reverse-time migration method comparison is advanced, but the effect in actual land logging data application is not fully up to expectations, its reason
It is that the implementation process of reverse-time migration algorithm needs to consider speed and data two parts content, could take into account simultaneously, be expected to obtain
Good result.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome reverse-time migration algorithm effect in actual land logging data application present in prior art not fully up to expectations
Defect, the invention provides the method and system of a kind of reverse-time migration imaging being applied to land seismic data, to land
Shake data carry out denoising according to denoising degree power, obtain two sets of data, utilize strong denoising data to carry out velocity modeling, utilize
Weak denoising data carry out inverse time imaging, and the reverse-time migration imaging precision obtained obtains raising, image artifacts reduces, and provides by land
Material reverse-time migration can obtain more preferable effect.
A kind of method that it is an object of the invention to provide reverse-time migration imaging being applied to land seismic data, including:
Gather land seismic data；Described land seismic data are carried out strong denoising, obtains strong denoising data；To described
Land seismic data carry out weak denoising, obtain weak denoising data；According to described land seismic data construct wideband wavelet；
According to described strong denoising data construct rate pattern；Carry out according to described weak denoising data, wideband wavelet, rate pattern
Reverse-time migration imaging, obtains initial reverse-time migration imaging results；Described initial reverse-time migration imaging results is carried out low frequency make an uproar
Acoustic attenuation, obtains reverse-time migration imaging results.
It is an object of the invention to provide the system of a kind of reverse-time migration imaging being applied to land seismic data, including:
Seismic data acquisition device, is used for gathering land seismic data；Strong denoising device, for described land seismic number
According to carrying out strong denoising, obtain strong denoising data；Weak denoising device, for carrying out described land seismic data
Weak denoising, obtains weak denoising data；Wideband wavelet construction device, for according to described land seismic data construct width
Frequently wavelet；Rate pattern construction device, for according to described strong denoising data construct rate pattern；Reverse-time migration imaging
Device, for carrying out reverse-time migration imaging according to described weak denoising data, wideband wavelet, rate pattern, obtains the most inverse
Hour offset imaging results；Sound attenuation, for described initial reverse-time migration imaging results is carried out low-frequency noise decay,
Obtain reverse-time migration imaging results.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is, it is provided that a kind of method of reverse-time migration imaging being applied to land seismic data and be
Land seismic data are carried out denoising according to denoising degree power, obtain two sets of data, utilize strong denoising data to carry out spy by system
The velocity modeling that different geologic body is portrayed, utilizes weak denoising data to carry out inverse time imaging, the reverse-time migration imaging precision finally given
Obtain raising, image artifacts reduces, and by land in data reverse-time migration, has the effect that improves significantly.
For the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be become apparent, preferred embodiment cited below particularly, and
Coordinate institute's accompanying drawings, be described in detail below.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing skill
In art description, the required accompanying drawing used is briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawing in describing below is only the present invention
Some embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, it is also possible to root
Other accompanying drawing is obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
The embodiment party of the method for a kind of reverse-time migration imaging being applied to land seismic data that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention
The flow chart of formula one；
The embodiment party of the method for a kind of reverse-time migration imaging being applied to land seismic data that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention
The flow chart of formula two；
Fig. 3 is the particular flow sheet of step S104 in Fig. 1；
Fig. 4 is the particular flow sheet of step S304 in Fig. 3；
Fig. 5 is the particular flow sheet of step S105 in Fig. 1；
The embodiment party of the method for a kind of reverse-time migration imaging being applied to land seismic data that Fig. 6 provides for the embodiment of the present invention
The flow chart of formula three；
The embodiment party of the system of a kind of reverse-time migration imaging being applied to land seismic data that Fig. 7 provides for the embodiment of the present invention
The structured flowchart of formula one；
The embodiment party of the system of a kind of reverse-time migration imaging being applied to land seismic data that Fig. 8 provides for the embodiment of the present invention
The structured flowchart of formula two；
Fig. 9 is the concrete structure block diagram of the wideband wavelet construction device 400 in Fig. 7；
Figure 10 is the concrete structure block diagram that the wideband wavelet in Fig. 9 builds module 404；
Figure 11 is the concrete structure block diagram of the rate pattern construction device 500 in Fig. 7；
The enforcement of the system of a kind of reverse-time migration imaging being applied to land seismic data that Figure 12 provides for the embodiment of the present invention
The structured flowchart of mode three；
Figure 13 is two-dimentional western autumn model schematic；
Figure 14 is containing noisy land simulation geological data schematic diagram in specific embodiment；
Figure 15 be the land simulation geological data shown in Figure 14 is carried out weak denoising after the weak denoising schematic diagram data that obtains；
Figure 16 be the land simulation geological data shown in Figure 14 is carried out strong denoising after the strong denoising schematic diagram data that obtains；
Figure 17 is the amplitude spectrum schematic diagram of the wideband wavelet built in specific embodiment；
Figure 18 is the amplitude spectrum energy diagram of the wideband wavelet built in specific embodiment；
Figure 19 is the schematic diagram of the wideband wavelet built in specific embodiment；
Figure 20 is the rate pattern schematic diagram obtained after specific embodiment medium velocity analysis；
Figure 21 is the rate pattern schematic diagram in specific embodiment after separating surface speed is portrayed and filled to separating surface；
Figure 22 portrays model offset result schematic diagram for not carrying out geologic body；
Figure 23 is to portray rate pattern carry out inverse based on weak denoising data, wideband wavelet, special geobody in specific embodiment
The imaging results schematic diagram of hour offset imaging；
Figure 24 be in specific embodiment many wheel speeds portray with iteration after migration result schematic diagram；
Figure 25 is, in specific embodiment, reverse-time migration result is carried out low frequency noise decay, the migration result schematic diagram before decay；
Figure 26 is, in specific embodiment, reverse-time migration result is carried out low frequency noise decay, the migration result schematic diagram after decay；
Waveform after Figure 27 respectively zero-phase wavelet, the generation migration result waveform of phase change, dephasing process shows
It is intended to.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clearly and completely
Describe, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention rather than whole embodiments.Based on this
Embodiment in invention, the every other reality that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under not making creative work premise
Execute example, broadly fall into the scope of protection of the invention.
In prior art, reverse-time migration method comparison is advanced, but the effect in actual land logging data application is not fully up to expectations,
Its reason is that the implementation process of reverse-time migration algorithm needs to consider speed and data two parts content, could take into account simultaneously, have
The result that prestige obtains.
Because above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention proposes a kind of method of reverse-time migration imaging being applied to land seismic data,
Fig. 1 is the particular flow sheet of the embodiment one of the method, and as shown in Figure 1, described method includes:
S101: gather land seismic data.Land seismic data are compared with marine seismic data, and its frequency band is narrower, signal to noise ratio
Relatively low, therefore, existing reverse-time migration algorithm effect in actual land logging data application is not fully up to expectations.In concrete reality
Execute in mode, the method for seismic prospecting of routine can be used to gather land seismic data.
S102: described land seismic data are carried out strong denoising, obtains strong denoising data；
S103: described land seismic data are carried out weak denoising, obtains weak denoising data；
In a particular embodiment, respectively the land seismic data gathered are carried out denoising.During denoising, can pass through
The parameter changing denoising module controls the power of denoising degree, finally obtains two sets of data that denoising degree is strong and weak,
It is respectively strong denoising data, weak denoising data.Wherein, weak denoising data remain the low-frequency information of data.
In the present invention, strong denoising data refer to that returning of place to go noise adds ratio less than or equal to 10%, and weak denoising data refer to
Returning of place's noise adds ratio more than or equal to 50%.
S104: according to described land seismic data construct wideband wavelet.Fig. 3 is the particular flow sheet of step S104.
S105: according to described strong denoising data construct rate pattern.Fig. 5 is the particular flow sheet of step S105.
S106: carry out reverse-time migration imaging according to described weak denoising data, wideband wavelet, rate pattern, obtain the most inverse
Hour offset imaging results；
S107: described initial reverse-time migration imaging results is carried out low-frequency noise decay, obtains reverse-time migration imaging results.
The embodiment party of the method for a kind of reverse-time migration imaging being applied to land seismic data that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention
The flow chart of formula two, as shown in Figure 2, in embodiment two, described method includes:
S201: gather land seismic data.Land seismic data are compared with marine seismic data, and its frequency band is narrower, signal to noise ratio
Relatively low, therefore, existing reverse-time migration algorithm effect in actual land logging data application is not fully up to expectations.In concrete reality
Execute in mode, the method for seismic prospecting of routine can be used to gather land seismic data.
S202: described land seismic data are observed system definition；
S203: the land seismic data after geometry definition are carried out static corrections processing.
S204: described land seismic data are carried out strong denoising, obtains strong denoising data；
S205: described land seismic data are carried out weak denoising, obtains weak denoising data；
In embodiment two, respectively the land seismic data after geometry definition, static corrections processing are carried out denoising.
During denoising, can be controlled the power of denoising degree by the parameter changing denoising module, final acquisition denoising degree is relatively
Two strong and more weak sets of data, the strongest denoising data, weak denoising data.Wherein, weak denoising data remain data
Low-frequency information.Namely the geological data of denoising includes carrying out geometry definition and static corrections processing but does not carries out denoising
The geological data processed.In the present invention, strong denoising data refer to that returning of place to go noise adds ratio less than or equal to 10%, weak go
Data of making an uproar refer to that returning of place to go noise adds ratio more than or equal to 50%.
S206: according to described land seismic data construct wideband wavelet.The present invention uses broadband wavelet as reverse-time migration
Input wavelet, the low frequency end of its frequency band keeps stronger energy, and high band is consistent with the high-frequency range of data, the phase of wavelet
Position uses zero phase.Fig. 3 is the particular flow sheet of step S206, from the figure 3, it may be seen that this step specifically includes:
S301: described land seismic data are carried out Fourier transform, obtains Fourier transform data；
S302: determine the higher frequency of described land seismic data according to described Fourier transform data；
S303: determine the energy of described land seismic data peaks frequency according to described Fourier transform data；
S304: build wideband wavelet according to the energy of described higher frequency, crest frequency.Fig. 4 is the tool of step S304
Body flow chart, as shown in Figure 4, this step specifically includes:
S401: build wideband wavelet；
S402: the higher frequency of described wideband wavelet is set to the higher frequency of described land seismic data；
S403: the frequency energy of described wideband wavelet is set to the energy of described land seismic data peaks frequency；
S404: the phase place of described wideband wavelet is set to zero phase.
As shown in Figure 2, in embodiment two, described method also includes:
S207: according to described strong denoising data construct rate pattern.Fig. 5 is the particular flow sheet of step S207, by Fig. 5
Understanding, this step specifically includes:
S501: described strong denoising data are sorted, obtains common midpoint gather；
S502: described common midpoint gather is carried out velocity analysis, obtains analysis result；
S503: according to described common midpoint gather, analysis result, described strong denoising data are carried out dynamic(al) correction, moved
Common midpoint gather after correction；
S504: the common midpoint gather after dynamic(al) correction is overlapped, obtains superposition of data；
S505: described superposition of data is carried out special tectonic body horizon picking, obtains layer position；
S506: according to described analysis result, the upper and lower interface of described layer position is carried out speed filling, obtain rate pattern.
When the present invention builds the rate pattern of reverse-time migration, according to pre-stack depth migration section interrupting layer, strong reflection interface, salt
The special tectonic types such as body carry out separating surface and portray, and depict the speed separating surface of corresponding special tectonic in rate pattern.
As shown in Figure 2, in embodiment two, described method also includes:
S208: carry out reverse-time migration imaging according to described weak denoising data, wideband wavelet, rate pattern, obtain the most inverse
Hour offset imaging results.
S209: described initial reverse-time migration imaging results is carried out low-frequency noise decay, obtains reverse-time migration imaging results.
The embodiment party of the method for a kind of reverse-time migration imaging being applied to land seismic data that Fig. 6 provides for the embodiment of the present invention
The flow chart of formula three, it will be appreciated from fig. 6 that in embodiment three, described method includes:
S601: gather land seismic data.Land seismic data are compared with marine seismic data, and its frequency band is narrower, signal to noise ratio
Relatively low, therefore, existing reverse-time migration algorithm effect in actual land logging data application is not fully up to expectations.In concrete reality
Execute in mode, the method for seismic prospecting of routine can be used to gather land seismic data.
S602: described land seismic data are observed system definition；
S603: the land seismic data after geometry definition are carried out static corrections processing.
S604: described land seismic data are carried out strong denoising, obtains strong denoising data；
S605: described land seismic data are carried out weak denoising, obtains weak denoising data；
In embodiment three, respectively the land seismic data after geometry definition, static corrections processing are carried out denoising.
During denoising, can be controlled the power of denoising degree by the parameter changing denoising module, final acquisition denoising degree is relatively
Two strong and more weak sets of data, the strongest denoising data, weak denoising data.Wherein, weak denoising data remain data
Low-frequency information.Namely the geological data of denoising includes carrying out geometry definition and static corrections processing but does not carries out denoising
The geological data processed.In the present invention, strong denoising data refer to that returning of place to go noise adds ratio less than or equal to 10%, weak go
Data of making an uproar refer to that returning of place to go noise adds ratio more than or equal to 50%.
S606: according to described land seismic data construct wideband wavelet.The present invention uses broadband wavelet as reverse-time migration
Input wavelet, the low frequency end of its frequency band keeps stronger energy, and high band is consistent with the high-frequency range of data, the phase of wavelet
Position uses zero phase.Fig. 3 is the particular flow sheet of step S606, from the figure 3, it may be seen that this step specifically includes:
S301: described land seismic data are carried out Fourier transform, obtains Fourier transform data；
S302: determine the higher frequency of described land seismic data according to described Fourier transform data；
S303: determine the energy of described land seismic data peaks frequency according to described Fourier transform data；
S304: build wideband wavelet according to the energy of described higher frequency, crest frequency.Fig. 4 is the tool of step S304
Body flow chart, as shown in Figure 4, this step specifically includes:
S401: build wideband wavelet；
S402: the higher frequency of described wideband wavelet is set to the higher frequency of described land seismic data；
S403: the frequency energy of described wideband wavelet is set to the energy of described land seismic data peaks frequency；
S404: the phase place of described wideband wavelet is set to zero phase.
It will be appreciated from fig. 6 that in embodiment three, described method also includes:
S607: according to described strong denoising data construct rate pattern.Fig. 5 is the particular flow sheet of step S607, by Fig. 5
Understanding, this step specifically includes:
S501: described strong denoising data are sorted, obtains common midpoint gather；
S502: described common midpoint gather is carried out velocity analysis, obtains analysis result；
S503: according to described common midpoint gather, analysis result, described strong denoising data are carried out dynamic(al) correction, moved
Common midpoint gather after correction；
S504: the common midpoint gather after dynamic(al) correction is overlapped, obtains superposition of data；
S505: described superposition of data is carried out special tectonic body horizon picking, obtains layer position；
S506: according to described analysis result, the upper and lower interface of described layer position is carried out speed filling, obtain rate pattern.
When the present invention builds the rate pattern of reverse-time migration, according to pre-stack depth migration section interrupting layer, strong reflection interface, salt
The special tectonic types such as body carry out separating surface and portray, and depict the speed separating surface of corresponding special tectonic in rate pattern.
It will be appreciated from fig. 6 that in embodiment three, described method also includes:
S608: carry out reverse-time migration imaging according to described weak denoising data, wideband wavelet, rate pattern, obtain the most inverse
Hour offset imaging results.
S609: described initial reverse-time migration imaging results is carried out low-frequency noise decay, obtains reverse-time migration imaging results.
S610: described reverse-time migration imaging results is carried out Fourier transform, obtains Fourier transform results；
S611: according to described Fourier transform results judge described in the phase place of reverse-time migration imaging results whether be zero；
S612: when judged result is no, described Fourier transform results is carried out dephasing process, obtains zero phase
Result；
S613: described zero-phrase processing result is carried out inverse fourier transform, obtains the reverse-time migration imaging after phasing
Result.
The method being a kind of reverse-time migration imaging being applied to land seismic data that the present invention provides as mentioned above, to land
Geological data carries out denoising according to denoising degree power, obtains two sets of data, utilizes strong denoising data to carry out special geobody quarter
The velocity modeling drawn, utilizes weak denoising data to carry out inverse time imaging, the reverse-time migration imaging precision that finally gives obtain improve,
Image artifacts reduces, and by land in data reverse-time migration, has the effect that improves significantly.
The present invention also proposes the system of a kind of reverse-time migration imaging being applied to land seismic data, and Fig. 7 is the enforcement of this system
The structured flowchart of mode one, as shown in Figure 7, in embodiment one, described system includes:
Seismic data acquisition device 100, is used for gathering land seismic data.Land seismic data compared with marine seismic data,
Its frequency band is narrower, and signal to noise ratio is relatively low, and therefore, existing reverse-time migration algorithm effect in actual land logging data application is not to the utmost
Such as people's will.In a particular embodiment, the method for seismic prospecting that can use routine gathers land seismic data.
Strong denoising device 200, for described land seismic data are carried out strong denoising, obtains strong denoising data；
Weak denoising device 300, for described land seismic data are carried out weak denoising, obtains weak denoising data；
In a particular embodiment, respectively the land seismic data gathered are carried out denoising.During denoising, can pass through
The parameter changing denoising module controls the power of denoising degree, finally obtains two sets of data that denoising degree is strong and weak,
It is respectively strong denoising data, weak denoising data.Wherein, weak denoising data remain the low-frequency information of data.In the present invention,
Strong denoising data refer to that returning of place to go noise adds ratio less than or equal to 10%, and weak denoising data refer to that returning of place to go noise adds ratio greatly
In or equal to 50%.
Wideband wavelet construction device 400, for according to described land seismic data construct wideband wavelet.Fig. 9 is wideband
The concrete structure block diagram of ripple construction device 400.
Rate pattern construction device 500, for according to described strong denoising data construct rate pattern.Figure 11 is rate pattern
The concrete structure block diagram of construction device 500.
Reverse-time migration imaging device 600, for carrying out the inverse time according to described weak denoising data, wideband wavelet, rate pattern
Migration imaging, obtains initial reverse-time migration imaging results；
Sound attenuation 700, for described initial reverse-time migration imaging results is carried out low-frequency noise decay, obtains inverse
Hour offset imaging results.
The embodiment party of the system of a kind of reverse-time migration imaging being applied to land seismic data that Fig. 8 provides for the embodiment of the present invention
The structured flowchart of formula two, as shown in Figure 8, in embodiment two, described system includes:
Seismic data acquisition device 100, is used for gathering land seismic data.Land seismic data compared with marine seismic data,
Its frequency band is narrower, and signal to noise ratio is relatively low, and therefore, existing reverse-time migration algorithm effect in actual land logging data application is not to the utmost
Such as people's will.In a particular embodiment, the method for seismic prospecting that can use routine gathers land seismic data.
Observation system 800, for being observed system definition to described land seismic data；
Static correction device 900, for carrying out static corrections processing to the land seismic data after geometry definition.
Strong denoising device 200, for described land seismic data are carried out strong denoising, obtains strong denoising data；
Weak denoising device 300, for described land seismic data are carried out weak denoising, obtains weak denoising data；
In embodiment two, respectively the land seismic data after geometry definition, static corrections processing are carried out denoising.
During denoising, can be controlled the power of denoising degree by the parameter changing denoising module, final acquisition denoising degree is relatively
Two strong and more weak sets of data, the strongest denoising data, weak denoising data.Wherein, weak denoising data remain data
Low-frequency information.Namely the geological data of denoising includes carrying out geometry definition and static corrections processing but does not carries out denoising
The geological data processed.In the present invention, strong denoising data refer to that returning of place to go noise adds ratio less than or equal to 10%, weak go
Data of making an uproar refer to that returning of place to go noise adds ratio more than or equal to 50%.
Wideband wavelet construction device 400, for according to described land seismic data construct wideband wavelet.The present invention uses width
Frequency band wavelet keeps the height of stronger energy, high band and data as the input wavelet of reverse-time migration, the low frequency end of its frequency band
Frequently scope is consistent, and the phase place of wavelet uses zero phase.Fig. 9 is the concrete structure block diagram of wideband wavelet construction device 400, by
Fig. 9 understands, and wideband wavelet construction device 400 specifically includes:
Transform data determines module 401, for described land seismic data are carried out Fourier transform, obtains Fourier and becomes
Change data；
Higher frequency determines module 402, for determining the height of described land seismic data according to described Fourier transform data
Again and again rate；
Energy determines module 402, for determining described land seismic data peaks frequency according to described Fourier transform data
The energy of rate；
Wideband wavelet builds module 404, builds wideband wavelet for the energy according to described higher frequency, crest frequency.
Figure 10 is the concrete structure block diagram that wideband wavelet builds module 404, and as shown in Figure 10, wideband wavelet builds module 404 to be had
Body includes:
Wideband wavelet construction unit 4041, is used for building wideband wavelet；
Higher frequency arranges unit 4042, for the higher frequency of described wideband wavelet is set to described land seismic data
Higher frequency；
Energy setting units 4043, for being set to described land seismic data peaks by the frequency energy of described wideband wavelet
The energy of frequency；
Phase place arranges unit 4044, for the phase place of described wideband wavelet is set to zero phase.
As shown in Figure 8, in embodiment two, described system also includes:
Rate pattern construction device 500, for according to described strong denoising data construct rate pattern.Figure 11 rate pattern structure
Building the concrete structure block diagram of device 500, as shown in Figure 11, this device specifically includes:
Sorting module 501, for sorting described strong denoising data, obtains common midpoint gather；
Velocity analysis module 502, for described common midpoint gather is carried out velocity analysis, obtains analysis result；
Dynamic(al) correction module 503, for carrying out described strong denoising data according to described common midpoint gather, analysis result
Dynamic(al) correction, obtains the common midpoint gather after dynamic(al) correction；
Laminating module 504, for being overlapped the common midpoint gather after dynamic(al) correction, obtains superposition of data；
Horizon picking module 505, for described superposition of data is carried out special tectonic body horizon picking, obtains layer position；
Speed packing module 506, for the upper and lower interface of described layer position being carried out speed filling according to described analysis result,
Obtain rate pattern.
When the present invention builds the rate pattern of reverse-time migration, according to pre-stack depth migration section interrupting layer, strong reflection interface, salt
The special tectonic types such as body carry out separating surface and portray, and depict the speed separating surface of corresponding special tectonic in rate pattern.
As shown in Figure 8, in embodiment two, described system also includes:
Reverse-time migration imaging device 600, for carrying out the inverse time according to described weak denoising data, wideband wavelet, rate pattern
Migration imaging, obtains initial reverse-time migration imaging results.
Sound attenuation 700, for described initial reverse-time migration imaging results is carried out low-frequency noise decay, obtains inverse
Hour offset imaging results.
The enforcement of the system of a kind of reverse-time migration imaging being applied to land seismic data that Figure 12 provides for the embodiment of the present invention
The structured flowchart of mode three, as shown in Figure 12, in embodiment three, described system includes:
Seismic data acquisition device 100, is used for gathering land seismic data.Land seismic data compared with marine seismic data,
Its frequency band is narrower, and signal to noise ratio is relatively low, and therefore, existing reverse-time migration algorithm effect in actual land logging data application is not to the utmost
Such as people's will.In a particular embodiment, the method for seismic prospecting that can use routine gathers land seismic data.
Observation system 800, for being observed system definition to described land seismic data；
Static correction device 900, for carrying out static corrections processing to the land seismic data after geometry definition.
Strong denoising device 200, for described land seismic data are carried out strong denoising, obtains strong denoising data；
Weak denoising device 300, for described land seismic data are carried out weak denoising, obtains weak denoising data；
In embodiment three, respectively the land seismic data after geometry definition, static corrections processing are carried out denoising.
During denoising, can be controlled the power of denoising degree by the parameter changing denoising module, final acquisition denoising degree is relatively
Two strong and more weak sets of data, the strongest denoising data, weak denoising data.Wherein, weak denoising data remain data
Low-frequency information.Namely the geological data of denoising includes carrying out geometry definition and static corrections processing but does not carries out denoising
The geological data processed.In the present invention, strong denoising data refer to that returning of place to go noise adds ratio less than or equal to 10%, weak go
Data of making an uproar refer to that returning of place to go noise adds ratio more than or equal to 50%.
Wideband wavelet construction device 400, for according to described land seismic data construct wideband wavelet.The present invention uses width
Frequency band wavelet keeps the height of stronger energy, high band and data as the input wavelet of reverse-time migration, the low frequency end of its frequency band
Frequently scope is consistent, and the phase place of wavelet uses zero phase.Fig. 9 is the concrete structure block diagram of wideband wavelet construction device 400, by
Fig. 9 understands, and wideband wavelet construction device 400 specifically includes:
Transform data determines module 401, for described land seismic data are carried out Fourier transform, obtains Fourier and becomes
Change data；
Higher frequency determines module 402, for determining the height of described land seismic data according to described Fourier transform data
Again and again rate；
Energy determines module 402, for determining described land seismic data peaks frequency according to described Fourier transform data
The energy of rate；
Wideband wavelet builds module 404, builds wideband wavelet for the energy according to described higher frequency, crest frequency.
Figure 10 is the concrete structure block diagram that wideband wavelet builds module 404, and as shown in Figure 10, wideband wavelet builds module 404 to be had
Body includes:
Wideband wavelet construction unit 4041, is used for building wideband wavelet；
Higher frequency arranges unit 4042, for the higher frequency of described wideband wavelet is set to described land seismic data
Higher frequency；
Energy setting units 4043, for being set to described land seismic data peaks by the frequency energy of described wideband wavelet
The energy of frequency；
Phase place arranges unit 4044, for the phase place of described wideband wavelet is set to zero phase.
As shown in Figure 12, in embodiment three, described system also includes:
Rate pattern construction device 500, for according to described strong denoising data construct rate pattern.Figure 11 rate pattern structure
Building the concrete structure block diagram of device 500, as shown in Figure 11, this device specifically includes:
Sorting module 501, for sorting described strong denoising data, obtains common midpoint gather；
Velocity analysis module 502, for described common midpoint gather is carried out velocity analysis, obtains analysis result；
Dynamic(al) correction module 503, for carrying out described strong denoising data according to described common midpoint gather, analysis result
Dynamic(al) correction, obtains the common midpoint gather after dynamic(al) correction；
Laminating module 504, for being overlapped the common midpoint gather after dynamic(al) correction, obtains superposition of data；
Horizon picking module 505, for described superposition of data is carried out special tectonic body horizon picking, obtains layer position；
Speed packing module 506, for the upper and lower interface of described layer position being carried out speed filling according to described analysis result,
Obtain rate pattern.
When the present invention builds the rate pattern of reverse-time migration, according to pre-stack depth migration section interrupting layer, strong reflection interface, salt
The special tectonic types such as body carry out separating surface and portray, and depict the speed separating surface of corresponding special tectonic in rate pattern.
As shown in Figure 12, in embodiment three, described system also includes:
Reverse-time migration imaging device 600, for carrying out the inverse time according to described weak denoising data, wideband wavelet, rate pattern
Migration imaging, obtains initial reverse-time migration imaging results.
Sound attenuation 700, for described initial reverse-time migration imaging results is carried out low-frequency noise decay, obtains inverse
Hour offset imaging results.
Fourier transform device 1000, for described reverse-time migration imaging results is carried out Fourier transform, obtains Fourier
Transformation results；
Judgment means 1100, for the phase place according to the reverse-time migration imaging results described in described Fourier transform results judgement
Whether it is zero；
Zero-phrase processing device 1200, for when the judged result of judgment means 1100 is no, becomes described Fourier
Change result and carry out dephasing process, obtain zero-phrase processing result；
Inverse fourier transform device 1300, for described zero-phrase processing result is carried out inverse fourier transform, obtains phase place
Reverse-time migration imaging results after correction.
It is the system of a kind of reverse-time migration imaging being applied to land seismic data that the present invention provides as mentioned above, to land
Geological data carries out denoising according to denoising degree power, obtains two sets of data, utilizes strong denoising data to carry out special geobody quarter
The velocity modeling drawn, utilizes weak denoising data to carry out inverse time imaging, the reverse-time migration imaging precision that finally gives obtain improve,
Image artifacts reduces, and by land in data reverse-time migration, has the effect that improves significantly.Below in conjunction with specific embodiment,
Technical scheme is discussed in detail.The present invention utilizes two-dimentional western autumn model example to check imaging effect, two-dimentional western autumn model
As shown in figure 13.Figure 14 is containing noisy land simulation geological data.
1, denoising is carried out to containing noisy data, it is thus achieved that weak denoising data (such as Figure 15) and strong denoising data (such as Figure 16)；
2, building wideband wavelet, as shown in figure 17, phase place uses zero phase to its amplitude spectrum, and amplitude spectrum energy uses earthquake number
According to crest frequency energy (such as Figure 18)；Figure 19 is the wideband wavelet built；
3, utilize strong denoising data as shown in figure 16 to carry out velocity modeling, during velocity modeling, special geological structure is carried out point
Interface is portrayed.Figure 20 is the rate pattern obtained after velocity analysis, and Figure 21 is for portraying and fill separating surface speed through separating surface
Rate pattern after degree；
4, portray rate pattern carry out reverse-time migration imaging, imaging based on weak denoising data, wideband wavelet, special geobody
As shown in figure 23, Figure 22 portrays model offset result for not carrying out geologic body to result, and portraying imaging effect through geologic body has
Improved, with this carry out many wheel speeds portray with iteration after migration result as shown in figure 24；
5, reverse-time migration result is carried out low frequency noise decay, the migration result before decay as shown in figure 25, inclined after decay
Move result as shown in figure 26；
6, analyze the phase property of amplitude in migration result, if it find that phase place occurs mobile, then carry out dephasing process,
As shown in figure 27.Figure 27 is respectively zero-phase wavelet, and the migration result waveform of phase change occurs, after dephasing processes
Waveform.
Above-mentioned it was verified that the reverse-time migration imaging precision that the present invention obtains obtains raising, image artifacts reduces, provide by land
In material reverse-time migration, has the effect that improves significantly.
In sum, the useful achievement of the present invention is: provide a kind of reverse-time migration imaging being applied to land seismic data
Land seismic data are carried out denoising according to denoising degree power, obtain two sets of data by method and system, utilize strong denoising number
According to carrying out the velocity modeling that special geobody is portrayed, weak denoising data are utilized to carry out inverse time imaging, the reverse-time migration finally given
Imaging precision obtains raising, image artifacts reduces, and by land in data reverse-time migration, has the effect that improves significantly.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of flow process realizing in above-described embodiment method, can be by meter
Calculation machine program instructs relevant hardware and completes, and described program can be stored in general computer read/write memory medium,
This program is upon execution, it may include such as the flow process of the embodiment of above-mentioned each method.Wherein, described storage medium can be magnetic disc,
CD, read-only store-memory body (Read-Only Memory, ROM) or random store-memory body (Random Access
Memory, RAM) etc..
Those skilled in the art are it will also be appreciated that the various functions that the embodiment of the present invention is listed are to be come by hardware or software
Realize depending on specifically applying the design requirement with whole system.Those skilled in the art can specifically should for every kind
With, it is possible to use the function described in the realization of various methods, but this realization is understood not to protect beyond the embodiment of the present invention
Scope.
The present invention applies specific embodiment principle and the embodiment of the present invention are set forth, saying of above example
Bright method and the core concept thereof being only intended to help to understand the present invention；Simultaneously for one of ordinary skill in the art, depend on
According to the thought of the present invention, the most all will change, in sum, in this specification
Hold and should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the method being applied to the reverse-time migration imaging of land seismic data, is characterized in that, described method specifically includes:
Gather land seismic data；
Described land seismic data being carried out strong denoising, obtains strong denoising data, described strong denoising data refer to
Returning of place's noise adds ratio less than or equal to 10%；
Described land seismic data being carried out weak denoising, obtains weak denoising data, described weak denoising data refer to
Returning of place's noise adds ratio more than or equal to 50%；
According to described land seismic data construct wideband wavelet, this step specifically includes: enter described land seismic data
Row Fourier transform, obtains Fourier transform data；Described land seismic data are determined according to described Fourier transform data
Higher frequency；The energy of described land seismic data peaks frequency is determined according to described Fourier transform data；According to
Described higher frequency, the energy of crest frequency build wideband wavelet；
According to described strong denoising data construct rate pattern；
Carry out reverse-time migration imaging according to described weak denoising data, wideband wavelet, rate pattern, obtain initial reverse-time migration
Imaging results；
Described initial reverse-time migration imaging results is carried out low-frequency noise decay, obtains reverse-time migration imaging results.
Method the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described method is gone back after gathering land seismic data
Including:
Described land seismic data are observed system definition；
Land seismic data after geometry definition are carried out static corrections processing.
Method the most according to claim 2, is characterized in that, according to described higher frequency, the energy of crest frequency
Build wideband wavelet to specifically include:
Build wideband wavelet；
The higher frequency of described wideband wavelet is set to the higher frequency of described land seismic data；
The frequency energy of described wideband wavelet is set to the energy of described land seismic data peaks frequency；
The phase place of described wideband wavelet is set to zero phase.
4. according to the method described in claim 1 or 3, it is characterized in that, according to described strong denoising data construct speed mould
Type specifically includes:
Described strong denoising data are sorted, obtains common midpoint gather；
Described common midpoint gather is carried out velocity analysis, obtains analysis result；
According to described common midpoint gather, analysis result, described strong denoising data are carried out dynamic(al) correction, after obtaining dynamic(al) correction
Common midpoint gather；
Common midpoint gather after dynamic(al) correction is overlapped, obtains superposition of data；
Described superposition of data is carried out special tectonic body horizon picking, obtains layer position；
According to described analysis result, the upper and lower interface of described layer position is carried out speed filling, obtain rate pattern.
Method the most according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described method obtain reverse-time migration imaging results it
After also include:
Described reverse-time migration imaging results is carried out Fourier transform, obtains Fourier transform results；
Whether the phase place according to the reverse-time migration imaging results described in described Fourier transform results judgement is zero；
When judged result is no, described Fourier transform results is carried out dephasing process, obtain zero-phrase processing knot
Really；
Described zero-phrase processing result is carried out inverse fourier transform, obtains the reverse-time migration imaging results after phasing.
6. being applied to a system for the reverse-time migration imaging of land seismic data, it is characterized in that, described system specifically includes:
Seismic data acquisition device, is used for gathering land seismic data；
Strong denoising device, for described land seismic data are carried out strong denoising, obtains strong denoising data, institute
The strong denoising data stated refer to that returning of place to go noise adds ratio less than or equal to 10%；
Weak denoising device, for described land seismic data are carried out weak denoising, obtains weak denoising data, institute
The weak denoising data stated refer to that returning of place to go noise adds ratio more than or equal to 50%；
Wideband wavelet construction device, for according to described land seismic data construct wideband wavelet, described wideband wavelet structure
Build device to specifically include: transform data determines module, for described land seismic data are carried out Fourier transform, obtain
Fourier transform data；Higher frequency determines module, for determining described land seismic according to described Fourier transform data
The higher frequency of data；Energy determines module, for determining described land seismic number according to described Fourier transform data
Energy according to crest frequency；Wideband wavelet builds module, builds for the energy according to described higher frequency, crest frequency
Wideband wavelet；
Rate pattern construction device, for according to described strong denoising data construct rate pattern；
Reverse-time migration imaging device, for carrying out reverse-time migration according to described weak denoising data, wideband wavelet, rate pattern
Imaging, obtains initial reverse-time migration imaging results；
Sound attenuation, for described initial reverse-time migration imaging results is carried out low-frequency noise decay, obtains the inverse time inclined
Move imaging results.
System the most according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described system also includes:
Observation system, for being observed system definition to described land seismic data；
Static correction device, for carrying out static corrections processing to the land seismic data after geometry definition.
System the most according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described wideband wavelet builds module and specifically includes:
Wideband wavelet construction unit, is used for building wideband wavelet；
Higher frequency arranges unit, for the higher frequency of described wideband wavelet is set to the height of described land seismic data
Again and again rate；
Energy setting units, for being set to described land seismic data peaks frequency by the frequency energy of described wideband wavelet
Energy；
Phase place arranges unit, for the phase place of described wideband wavelet is set to zero phase.
9. according to the system described in claim 6 or 8, it is characterized in that, described rate pattern construction device specifically includes:
Sorting module, for sorting described strong denoising data, obtains common midpoint gather；
Velocity analysis module, for described common midpoint gather is carried out velocity analysis, obtains analysis result；
Dynamic(al) correction module, for carrying out moving school to described strong denoising data according to described common midpoint gather, analysis result
Just, the common midpoint gather after dynamic(al) correction is obtained；
Laminating module, for being overlapped the common midpoint gather after dynamic(al) correction, obtains superposition of data；
Horizon picking module, for described superposition of data is carried out special tectonic body horizon picking, obtains layer position；
Speed packing module, for the upper and lower interface of described layer position being carried out speed filling according to described analysis result, obtains
Rate pattern.
System the most according to claim 9, is characterized in that, described system also includes:
Fourier transform device, for described reverse-time migration imaging results is carried out Fourier transform, obtains Fourier transform
Result；
Whether judgment means, be used for the phase place according to the reverse-time migration imaging results described in described Fourier transform results judgement
It is zero；
Zero-phrase processing device, for when the judged result of described judgment means is no, to described Fourier transform knot
Fruit carries out dephasing process, obtains zero-phrase processing result；
Inverse fourier transform device, for described zero-phrase processing result is carried out inverse fourier transform, obtains phasing
After reverse-time migration imaging results.
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