CN103849084A - Waterproof flame-retardant protective jacket layer used for cable and manufacturing process of protective jacket layer - Google Patents
Waterproof flame-retardant protective jacket layer used for cable and manufacturing process of protective jacket layer Download PDFInfo
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- C08K13/00—Use of mixtures of ingredients not covered by one single of the preceding main groups, each of these compounds being essential
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- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
Abstract
The invention discloses a waterproof flame-retardant protective jacket layer used for a cable and a manufacturing process of the protective jacket layer. The waterproof flame-retardant PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) cable material consists of the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 20-30 parts of trioctyl trimellitate, 15-25 parts of phthalate, 5-10 parts of an environment-friendly calcium-zinc composite stabilizer, 5-10 parts of a composite rear-earth stabilizer, 4-8 parts of antimonous oxide, 0.3-1 part of a lubricant, 0.1-0.5 part of an antioxidant, 3.5-7 parts of nano-barium sulfate, 2.6-5.2 parts of calcined kaolin, 3.5-7 parts of nanosilicon dioxide and 0.18-0.36 part of silane coupling agent, wherein the silane coupling agent is vinyl tri(beta-methoxyl ethyoxyl) silane, ethenyl trimethoxy silane or beta- glycidyl ether oxypropyl trimethoxy silane. According to the invention, water absorption of the cable protective jacket layer is greatly lowered, the products are applied in a moist or water-soaking environment, so that electrical performance stability is further improved almost without generating changes, and therefore, compactness of products is improved, and material micropores are removed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of flame retardant sheath layer and preparation technology thereof, relate in particular to a kind of waterproof flame retardant restrictive coating and manufacturing process thereof for cable.
Background technology
PVC cable insulating material is one of general synthetic plastics, is to be only second in the world at present poly second largest plastics variety.Polyvinyl chloride cable material is owing to having good mechanical and physical performance, electric property, and complete processing is simple, and processing characteristics is good, and price is lower, occupy prostatitis in CABLE MATERIALS industry total amount always, is widely used.PVC CABLE MATERIALS is generally applied to the product such as mesolow, data corresponding class cable, general purpose electric wire product, and PVC CABLE MATERIALS can meet insulation, sheath demand substantially.But along with the expansion of electric wire application scenario, the requirement of PVC CABLE MATERIALS being improved constantly, on the water-fast electrical insulation capability of PVC, is a difficult point always, be difficult to for a long time solve.
Polyvinyl chloride resin itself has good water resistance, but because CABLE MATERIALS is produced necessary all kinds of softening agent, stablizer, all kinds of weighting agent (potter's clay, calcium carbonate etc.) of adding, has inevitably reduced the immersion electrical property of product.Prior art is difficult to find from document, but generally adopts high-quality softening agent, minimizing or the mode without weighting agent, and product index performance is still difficult to meet the demands, and easily causes the indexs such as thermal distortion defective, the problems such as cost rising simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
First object of the present invention is to provide a kind of for the waterproof flame retardant restrictive coating on cable, it greatly reduces the water-absorbent of the coat layer of power cable, product uses under humidity or Soaking environment, further improve electric property stable, substantially do not change, improve tightness, the eliminating material micropore of product.
Second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of above-mentioned manufacturing process for the waterproof flame retardant restrictive coating on cable of preparing.
For reaching above-mentioned the first goal of the invention, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of waterproof flame retardant restrictive coating for cable, described cable comprises cable core and the waterproof flame retardant restrictive coating that is coated on cable core outside surface, and described waterproof flame retardant restrictive coating is made up of the component of following weight part:
100 parts of polyvinyl chloride,
20 ~ 30 parts of trioctyl trimellitates (TOTM),
15 ~ 25 parts of phthalic acid isodecyl esters,
5 ~ 10 parts of environmental protection calcium-zinc composite stabilizing agents,
5 ~ 10 parts of compound rare-earth stablizers,
4 ~ 8 parts of antimonous oxides,
0.3 ~ 1 part of lubricant,
0.1 ~ 0.5 part, oxidation inhibitor,
3.5 ~ 7 parts of nano barium sulfates,
2.6 ~ 5.2 parts of calcined kaolins,
3.5 ~ 7 parts of nano silicons,
0.18 ~ 0.36 part of silane coupling agent.
In above-mentioned waterproof flame retardant restrictive coating technical scheme, further improved technical scheme is as follows:
1,, in such scheme, described silane coupling agent is vinyl three ('beta '-methoxy oxyethyl group) silane, vinyltrimethoxy silane or γ-glycidyl ether oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane.
2,, in such scheme, described silane coupling agent is that vinyl three ('beta '-methoxy oxyethyl group) silane, vinyltrimethoxy silane and γ-glycidyl ether oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane mix by 10:5:3 weight ratio.
3,, in such scheme, described lubricant is polyethylene wax or stearic acid.
4, in such scheme, described oxidation inhibitor is four [3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-hydroxy phenyl) propionic acid] pentaerythritol ester or dihydroxyphenyl propane.
5,, in such scheme, described calcined kaolin process adds the improver of gross weight 1.5 ~ 2% in the time of calcination, 970 ~ 990 DEG C of calcination temperatures, and the time is 30 ~ 40 minutes; Described improver is made up of cleaned coal, sodium sulfate and sodium-chlor, and this cleaned coal, sodium sulfate and sodium-chlor are pressed 10:0. 5:0. 3 weight and mixed.
For reaching above-mentioned the second goal of the invention, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of manufacturing process of the waterproof flame retardant restrictive coating for cable, comprises the following steps:
Comprise the following steps:
Step 1,100 parts of parts of polyvinyl chloride are mixed to form to mixture through high-speed mixer under high-speed stirring state; Start stirring at low speed, rotating speed 500rpm, add 15 ~ 25 parts of 20 ~ 30 parts of trioctyl trimellitates and phthalic acid isodecyl esters, start high-speed stirring, rotating speed 1000rpm, treat that material temperature rises to 80 DEG C and adds 0.1 ~ 0.5 part of 5 ~ 10 parts of environmental protection calcium-zinc composite stabilizing agent, 5 ~ 10 parts of compound rare-earth stablizers, 4 ~ 8 parts of antimonous oxides, 0.3 ~ 1 part of lubricant, oxidation inhibitor and 10 ~ 20 parts of water-proofing agents, continues to be stirred to 110 DEG C of materials of temperature and be dry powder, open baiting valve blowing;
Described water-fast improving agent obtains through following technique:
Step 1,3.5 ~ 7 parts of 3.5 ~ 7 parts of described nano barium sulfates, 2.6 ~ 5.2 parts of calcined kaolins, nano silicon are carried out to surface is coated processes;
Step 3,0.18 ~ 0.36 part of silane coupling agent is to vaporific spraying in high-speed mixer powder is coated to processing, continue high-speed mixing and carry out the coated processing reaction 3 ~ 5min of material surface;
Step 4, the described water-fast improving agent of cooling rear acquisition.
In technique scheme, further improved technical scheme is as follows:
In such scheme, described calcined kaolin process adds the improver of gross weight 1.5 ~ 2% in the time of calcination, 970 ~ 990 DEG C of calcination temperatures, and the time is 30 ~ 40 minutes; Described improver is made up of cleaned coal, sodium sulfate and sodium-chlor, and this cleaned coal, sodium sulfate and sodium-chlor are pressed 10:0. 5:0. 3 weight and mixed.
Due to the utilization of technique scheme, the present invention compared with prior art has following advantages:
The present invention is for waterproof flame retardant restrictive coating and manufacturing process thereof on cable, it has overcome the softening agent of currently available products formula and the water-absorbent that weighting agent all has, thereby under wet environment, easily there is the technological deficiency of product performance decline phenomenon, the present invention considered all formula materials all with the problem of the consistency of water, select specific hydrophobic material and content.To carrying out after pulvis predrainage, surface is coated processes, and improves the hydrophobic performance of product; Product uses under humidity or Soaking environment, and electric property is stable, does not substantially change; Water-proofing agent material selection nano level raw material, the tightness of raising product, gets rid of material micropore, and steam cannot be invaded and be caused degradation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the construction of cable schematic diagram that the present invention has waterproof flame retardant restrictive coating.
In above accompanying drawing: 1, cable core; 2, waterproof flame retardant restrictive coating.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described:
Embodiment 1: a kind of for the waterproof flame retardant restrictive coating on cable, described cable comprises cable core 1 and the waterproof flame retardant restrictive coating 2 that is coated on cable core 1 outside surface, and described waterproof flame retardant restrictive coating 2 is made up of the component of following weight part, as shown in table 1:
Table 1
| ? | Embodiment 1 | |
Embodiment 3 |
| 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| 20 ~ 30 parts of trioctyl trimellitates | 29 | 25 | 20 |
| 15 ~ 25 parts of phthalic acid isodecyl esters | 25 | 20 | 15 |
| 5 ~ 10 parts of environmental protection calcium-zinc composite stabilizing agents | 9 | 8 | 6 |
| 5 ~ 10 parts of compound rare-earth stablizers | 10 | 5 | 7 |
| 4 ~ 8 parts of antimonous oxides | 4 | 8 | 6 |
| 0.3 ~ 1 part of lubricant | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.3 |
| 0.1 ~ 0.5 part, oxidation inhibitor | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.5 |
| 3.5 ~ 7 parts of nano barium sulfates | 3.8 | 6.5 | 5.2 |
| 2.6 ~ 5.2 parts of calcined kaolins | 2.8 | 4 | 5 |
| 3.5 ~ 7 parts of nano silicons | 5 | 6.8 | 4 |
| 0.18 ~ 0.36 part of silane coupling agent | 0.2 | 0.35 | 0.3 |
More than be weight part.
Above-mentioned silane coupling agent is vinyl three ('beta '-methoxy oxyethyl group) silane, vinyltrimethoxy silane or γ-glycidyl ether oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane.
Above-mentioned silane coupling agent is that vinyl three ('beta '-methoxy oxyethyl group) silane, vinyltrimethoxy silane and γ-glycidyl ether oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane mix by 10:5:3 weight ratio.
Above-mentioned lubricant embodiment 1 is polyethylene wax, and lubricant embodiment 2 is stearic acid, and lubricant embodiment 3 is polyethylene wax and stearic mixture.
Above-mentioned oxidation inhibitor embodiment 1 is four [3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-hydroxy phenyl) propionic acid] pentaerythritol ester, embodiment 2 is dihydroxyphenyl propane, embodiment 3 is four [3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-hydroxy phenyl) propionic acid] pentaerythritol ester.
Above-mentioned calcined kaolin process adds the improver of gross weight 1.5 ~ 2% in the time of calcination, 970 ~ 990 DEG C of calcination temperatures, and the time is 30 ~ 40 minutes; Described improver is made up of cleaned coal, sodium sulfate and sodium-chlor, and this cleaned coal, sodium sulfate and sodium-chlor are pressed 10:0. 5:0. 3 weight and mixed.
The preparation technology of above-mentioned waterproof flame retardant PVC CABLE MATERIALS, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, be that 55 ~ 65 parts of 590～720 polyvinyl chloride, the polymerization degree are that 1110～1340 polyvinyl chloride are 35 ~ 45 parts and under high-speed stirring state, are mixed to form mixture through high-speed mixer by the polymerization degree; Start stirring at low speed, rotating speed 500rpm, add 15 ~ 25 parts of 20 ~ 30 parts of trioctyl trimellitates and phthalic acid isodecyl esters, start high-speed stirring, rotating speed 1000rpm, treat that material temperature rises to 80 DEG C and adds 0.1 ~ 0.5 part of 5 ~ 10 parts of environmental protection calcium-zinc composite stabilizing agent, 5 ~ 10 parts of compound rare-earth stablizers, 4 ~ 8 parts of antimonous oxides, 0.3 ~ 1 part of lubricant, oxidation inhibitor and 10 ~ 20 parts of water-proofing agents, continues to be stirred to 110 DEG C of materials of temperature and be dry powder, open baiting valve blowing;
Described water-fast improving agent obtains through following technique:
Step 1,3.5 ~ 7 parts of 3.5 ~ 7 parts of described nano barium sulfates, 2.6 ~ 5.2 parts of calcined kaolins, nano silicon are carried out to surface is coated processes;
Step 3,0.18 ~ 0.36 part of silane coupling agent is to vaporific spraying in high-speed mixer powder is coated to processing, continue high-speed mixing and carry out the coated processing reaction 3 ~ 5min of material surface;
Step 4, the described water-fast improving agent of cooling rear acquisition.
Above-mentioned calcined kaolin process adds the improver of gross weight 1.5 ~ 2% in the time of calcination, 970 ~ 990 DEG C of calcination temperatures, and the time is 30 ~ 40 minutes; Described improver is made up of cleaned coal, sodium sulfate and sodium-chlor, and this cleaned coal, sodium sulfate and sodium-chlor are pressed 10:0. 5:0. 3 weight and mixed.
Manufacturing process is with embodiment 1.
Water resistance test adopts " ASTM D2219-02 electric wire and cable pvc material specification " 5.5 test conditionss (electric current 60Hz frequency, immersion temperature: 50 ± 1 DEG C).
Test result analysis: product is through accelerating water absorption test, and change in dielectric constant rate is much smaller than standard (1 ~ 14d, 10%; 7 ~ 14d, 5%) requirement, product has good water resistance.
To sum up, waterproof flame retardant restrictive coating of the present invention and manufacturing process thereof, it has overcome the softening agent of currently available products formula and the water-absorbent that weighting agent all has, thereby under wet environment, easily occurs the technological deficiency of product performance decline phenomenon; The present invention considered all formula materials all with the consistency of water, select hydrophobic material.To carrying out after pulvis predrainage, surface is coated processes, and improves the hydrophobic performance of product; Product uses under humidity or Soaking environment, and electric property is stable, does not substantially change; Water-proofing agent material selection nano level raw material, the tightness of raising product, gets rid of material micropore, and steam cannot be invaded and be caused degradation.
Above-described embodiment is only explanation technical conceive of the present invention and feature, and its object is to allow person skilled in the art can understand content of the present invention and implement according to this, can not limit the scope of the invention with this.All equivalences that spirit is done according to the present invention change or modify, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. for a waterproof flame retardant restrictive coating for cable, described cable comprises cable core (1) and is coated on the waterproof flame retardant restrictive coating (2) of cable core (1) outside surface, it is characterized in that: described waterproof flame retardant restrictive coating (2) is made up of the component of following weight part:
100 parts of polyvinyl chloride,
20 ~ 30 parts of trioctyl trimellitates (TOTM),
15 ~ 25 parts of phthalic acid isodecyl esters,
5 ~ 10 parts of environmental protection calcium-zinc composite stabilizing agents,
5 ~ 10 parts of compound rare-earth stablizers,
4 ~ 8 parts of antimonous oxides,
0.3 ~ 1 part of lubricant,
0.1 ~ 0.5 part, oxidation inhibitor,
3.5 ~ 7 parts of nano barium sulfates,
2.6 ~ 5.2 parts of calcined kaolins,
3.5 ~ 7 parts of nano silicons,
0.18 ~ 0.36 part of silane coupling agent.
2. waterproof flame retardant restrictive coating according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described silane coupling agent is vinyl three ('beta '-methoxy oxyethyl group) silane, vinyltrimethoxy silane or γ-glycidyl ether oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane.
3. waterproof flame retardant restrictive coating according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described silane coupling agent is that vinyl three ('beta '-methoxy oxyethyl group) silane, vinyltrimethoxy silane and γ-glycidyl ether oxygen propyl trimethoxy silicane mix by 10:5:3 weight ratio.
4. waterproof flame retardant restrictive coating according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described lubricant is polyethylene wax or stearic acid.
5. waterproof flame retardant restrictive coating according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described oxidation inhibitor is four [3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-hydroxy phenyl) propionic acid] pentaerythritol ester or dihydroxyphenyl propane.
6. waterproof flame retardant restrictive coating according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described calcined kaolin process adds the improver of gross weight 1.5 ~ 2% in the time of calcination, 970 ~ 990 DEG C of calcination temperatures, and the time is 30 ~ 40 minutes; Described improver is made up of cleaned coal, sodium sulfate and sodium-chlor, and this cleaned coal, sodium sulfate and sodium-chlor are pressed 10:0. 5:0. 3 weight and mixed.
7. the manufacturing process of waterproof flame retardant restrictive coating as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
Step 1,100 parts of parts of polyvinyl chloride are mixed to form to mixture through high-speed mixer under high-speed stirring state; Start stirring at low speed, rotating speed 500rpm, add 15 ~ 25 parts of 20 ~ 30 parts of trioctyl trimellitates and phthalic acid isodecyl esters, start high-speed stirring, rotating speed 1000rpm, treat that material temperature rises to 80 DEG C and adds 0.1 ~ 0.5 part of 5 ~ 10 parts of environmental protection calcium-zinc composite stabilizing agent, 5 ~ 10 parts of compound rare-earth stablizers, 4 ~ 8 parts of antimonous oxides, 0.3 ~ 1 part of lubricant, oxidation inhibitor and 10 ~ 20 parts of water-proofing agents, continues to be stirred to 110 DEG C of materials of temperature and be dry powder, open baiting valve blowing;
Step 2, the compound of step 1 is put to carry out extrusion molding to twin screw mixing, then enter single multiple screw extruder granulation, adopt die face fervent granulation process, the particle of making enters first step whirlwind cooling separator, second stage whirlwind cooling separator, air-cooled vibratory screening apparatus, third stage whirlwind cooling separator by blower fan transport pipe and obtains described waterproof flame retardant PVC CABLE MATERIALS;
Described water-fast improving agent obtains through following technique:
Step 1,3.5 ~ 7 parts of 3.5 ~ 7 parts of described nano barium sulfates, 2.6 ~ 5.2 parts of calcined kaolins, nano silicon are carried out to surface is coated processes;
Step 2, the powder of said components is dropped in high-speed mixer, high-speed mixing is to 90 ~ 100 DEG C of 3 ~ 5min that dewater of temperature;
Step 3,0.18 ~ 0.36 part of silane coupling agent is to vaporific spraying in high-speed mixer powder is coated to processing, continue high-speed mixing and carry out the coated processing reaction 3 ~ 5min of material surface;
Step 4, the described water-fast improving agent of cooling rear acquisition.
8. manufacturing process according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described calcined kaolin process adds the improver of gross weight 1.5 ~ 2% in the time of calcination, 970 ~ 990 DEG C of calcination temperatures, and the time is 30 ~ 40 minutes; Described improver is made up of cleaned coal, sodium sulfate and sodium-chlor, and this cleaned coal, sodium sulfate and sodium-chlor are pressed 10:0. 5:0. 3 weight and mixed.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610425093.1A CN105949662A (en) | 2012-12-04 | 2012-12-04 | Flame-retardant jacket material for low-medium voltage cable |
| CN201610426627.2A CN106221053A (en) | 2012-12-04 | 2012-12-04 | There is the PVC fire proofing of hydrophobic performance |
| CN201210512702.9A CN103849084B (en) | 2012-12-04 | 2012-12-04 | Waterproof flame retardant restrictive coating and manufacturing process thereof for cable |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210512702.9A CN103849084B (en) | 2012-12-04 | 2012-12-04 | Waterproof flame retardant restrictive coating and manufacturing process thereof for cable |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610425093.1A Division CN105949662A (en) | 2012-12-04 | 2012-12-04 | Flame-retardant jacket material for low-medium voltage cable |
| CN201610426627.2A Division CN106221053A (en) | 2012-12-04 | 2012-12-04 | There is the PVC fire proofing of hydrophobic performance |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103849084A true CN103849084A (en) | 2014-06-11 |
| CN103849084B CN103849084B (en) | 2016-08-10 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201210512702.9A Active CN103849084B (en) | 2012-12-04 | 2012-12-04 | Waterproof flame retardant restrictive coating and manufacturing process thereof for cable |
| CN201610425093.1A Pending CN105949662A (en) | 2012-12-04 | 2012-12-04 | Flame-retardant jacket material for low-medium voltage cable |
| CN201610426627.2A Pending CN106221053A (en) | 2012-12-04 | 2012-12-04 | There is the PVC fire proofing of hydrophobic performance |
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| CN201610425093.1A Pending CN105949662A (en) | 2012-12-04 | 2012-12-04 | Flame-retardant jacket material for low-medium voltage cable |
| CN201610426627.2A Pending CN106221053A (en) | 2012-12-04 | 2012-12-04 | There is the PVC fire proofing of hydrophobic performance |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104072914A (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2014-10-01 | 苏州亨利通信材料有限公司 | Cold-resistant flame-retardant PVC cable material |
| CN104356542A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-02-18 | 安徽电信器材贸易工业有限责任公司 | Flame-retardant PVC (polyvinyl chloride) sheath material for ultrahigh-voltage cables and preparation method of material |
| CN104371216A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-02-25 | 安徽电信器材贸易工业有限责任公司 | Water-resistant polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material and preparation method thereof |
| CN109096653A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2018-12-28 | 山东寰宇线缆有限公司 | A kind of applicable high-speed production automobile polyvinyl chloride cable material and preparation method thereof |
| CN109265861A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2019-01-25 | 安庆市泽烨新材料技术推广服务有限公司 | Network system cable sheath material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113981741A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-28 | 浙江天益塑业有限公司 | Heat-resistant flame-retardant paper-plastic composite bag and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109776999A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-05-21 | 安徽天康(集团)股份有限公司 | A kind of high temperature resistance control cable |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104072914A (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2014-10-01 | 苏州亨利通信材料有限公司 | Cold-resistant flame-retardant PVC cable material |
| CN104072914B (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2016-04-06 | 苏州亨利通信材料有限公司 | Cold-resistant flame retarding PVC composition for cable |
| CN104356542A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-02-18 | 安徽电信器材贸易工业有限责任公司 | Flame-retardant PVC (polyvinyl chloride) sheath material for ultrahigh-voltage cables and preparation method of material |
| CN104371216A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-02-25 | 安徽电信器材贸易工业有限责任公司 | Water-resistant polyvinyl chloride cable sheath material and preparation method thereof |
| CN109096653A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2018-12-28 | 山东寰宇线缆有限公司 | A kind of applicable high-speed production automobile polyvinyl chloride cable material and preparation method thereof |
| CN109265861A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2019-01-25 | 安庆市泽烨新材料技术推广服务有限公司 | Network system cable sheath material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113981741A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-28 | 浙江天益塑业有限公司 | Heat-resistant flame-retardant paper-plastic composite bag and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106221053A (en) | 2016-12-14 |
| CN105949662A (en) | 2016-09-21 |
| CN103849084B (en) | 2016-08-10 |
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