CN103837883A - Megawatt ion source power density distribution measuring method - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开一种兆瓦级离子源功率密度分布的测量方法，测量系统由测量靶板、热电偶传感器、导线、冷却水管、数据采集系统组成，强流离子源发射的高能粒子束作用到测量靶板上，在测量靶板背面热钻取若干个一定深度盲孔，电偶传感器分布于盲孔内组成传感器阵列并通过导线连接到数据采集系统，冷却水管根据根据热传感器的位置呈蛇管型分布于测量靶内，根据热电偶传感器的位置以及温度可以计算出高能粒子束的功率密度分布。另外，在实际使用中，本发明在兆瓦级的大功率以及极其复杂的电磁环境下使用，能够很好的测量兆瓦级强流离子源所产生高能粒子束功率密度的分布情况，可重复性好，工作稳定可靠。
The invention discloses a method for measuring the power density distribution of a megawatt-level ion source. The measurement system is composed of a measurement target plate, a thermocouple sensor, a wire, a cooling water pipe, and a data acquisition system. The high-energy particle beam emitted by the high-current ion source acts on the measurement On the target board, several blind holes of a certain depth are thermally drilled on the back of the measuring target board. The galvanic couple sensors are distributed in the blind holes to form a sensor array and are connected to the data acquisition system through wires. The cooling water pipe is coiled according to the position of the thermal sensor. Distributed in the measurement target, the power density distribution of the high-energy particle beam can be calculated according to the position and temperature of the thermocouple sensor. In addition, in actual use, the present invention is used in megawatt-level high-power and extremely complex electromagnetic environments, and can well measure the power density distribution of high-energy particle beams produced by megawatt-level high-current ion sources, which can be repeated. Good performance, stable and reliable work.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种离子源功率密度分布的测量方法，具体涉及一种通过热电偶传感器测量强流离子源引出的高能粒子束与测量靶板相互作用后材料表面温度发生的变化来实现离子源功率密度分布测量的方法。 The invention relates to a method for measuring the power density distribution of an ion source, in particular to a method for realizing the power of the ion source by measuring the change in the surface temperature of the material after the interaction between the high-energy particle beam drawn out by the high-current ion source and the measurement target plate through a thermocouple sensor. Methods of density distribution measurement.
背景技术 Background technique
兆瓦级强流离子源输出的是强流粒子束，经中性化或磁场偏转后输出中性束，主要应用于等离子体加热与材料高温特性研究。高能粒子能量具有很高的能量和功率，普通的功率测量方法一般直接利用热电偶测量强流粒子束的靶板温度,或者间接利用法拉第桶测量等,很难具备高热承材料和良好的抗电磁干扰能力，而且误差较大，难以准确的反应粒子束的真实功率密度分布，不能满足大功率强流粒子束的功率分布测量。 The megawatt-level high-current ion source outputs a high-current particle beam, which outputs a neutral beam after neutralization or magnetic field deflection, and is mainly used in plasma heating and high-temperature material research. The energy of high-energy particles has high energy and power. Ordinary power measurement methods generally use thermocouples to directly measure the target plate temperature of high-current particle beams, or indirectly use Faraday barrels to measure, etc., and it is difficult to have high thermal bearing materials and good anti-electromagnetic properties. Interference ability, and the error is large, it is difficult to accurately reflect the real power density distribution of the particle beam, and it cannot meet the power distribution measurement of the high-power and high-current particle beam.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种兆瓦级强流离子源功率密度分布的测量方法，以解决现有技术中不能有效的测量兆瓦级强流离子源的功率密度分布的问题。 The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the power density distribution of a megawatt-level high-current ion source to solve the problem in the prior art that the power density distribution of a megawatt-level high-current ion source cannot be effectively measured.
本发明所采用的技术方案为： The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种兆瓦级离子源功率密度分布的测量装置，其特征在于：包括测量靶板、热电偶传感器、导线、冷却水管、数据采集系统组成，强流离子源发射的高能粒子束射击到测量靶板上，在测量靶板背面钻取若干个一定深度盲孔，电偶传感器分布于盲孔内组成传感器阵列并通过导线连接到数据采集系统，冷却水管根据根据热传感器的位置呈蛇管型分布于测量靶内，根据热电偶传感器的位置以及温度可以计算出高能粒子束的功率密度分布。 A measuring device for the power density distribution of a megawatt-level ion source, characterized in that it consists of a measuring target plate, a thermocouple sensor, a wire, a cooling water pipe, and a data acquisition system, and the high-energy particle beam emitted by the high-current ion source hits the measuring target On the board, several blind holes with a certain depth are drilled on the back of the measuring target board. The galvanic couple sensors are distributed in the blind holes to form a sensor array and are connected to the data acquisition system through wires. In the measurement target, the power density distribution of the high-energy particle beam can be calculated according to the position and temperature of the thermocouple sensor.
所述的测量靶利用导热性能较好且熔点较高的纯铜材料制成，并且根据需求在测量靶背面钻取若干个盲孔，盲孔底面于测量靶的吸收面间距为d2；同时在测量靶内部设置蜿蜒型冷却水管，冷却水管和外层的铜块之间利用真空钎焊使充分接触，盲孔与冷却水管垂直距离为d1。其中d1和d2的值需要根据需求来确定。 The measurement target is made of pure copper material with good thermal conductivity and high melting point, and several blind holes are drilled on the back of the measurement target according to requirements, and the distance between the bottom surface of the blind hole and the absorption surface of the measurement target is d2; A serpentine cooling water pipe is set inside the measurement target, and the cooling water pipe and the copper block on the outer layer are fully contacted by vacuum brazing, and the vertical distance between the blind hole and the cooling water pipe is d1. The values of d1 and d2 need to be determined according to requirements.
所述的热电偶传感器为灵敏度较高，测量范围较大的铠装热电偶，热电偶能够准确反映温度变化，并且在温度迅速变化的条件下可以正常工作。 The thermocouple sensor is a sheathed thermocouple with high sensitivity and a large measurement range. The thermocouple can accurately reflect temperature changes and can work normally under the condition of rapid temperature changes.
所述的导线需要在较高温度下能够正常工作，并且不与热电偶传感器脱落，所传输的微弱电信号不应受外界的电磁干扰。 The wire needs to be able to work normally at a relatively high temperature and not fall off from the thermocouple sensor, and the transmitted weak electrical signal should not be subject to external electromagnetic interference.
所述的热电偶传感器阵列，根据实际需求，合理设计阵列，包括传感器的数目和位置，并且可以根据传感器所测量的温度准确计算出靶板功率密度分布。 The thermocouple sensor array is reasonably designed according to actual needs, including the number and position of the sensors, and the power density distribution of the target plate can be accurately calculated according to the temperature measured by the sensors.
所述的冷却水管道为不锈钢管，冷却水管内表面具有一定的光洁度，且经过钝化处理，确保冷却水管不会对冷却水造成污染，也不会由于其他部件内部的杂质，造成水管堵塞或者其他部件的堵塞。 The cooling water pipe is a stainless steel pipe, the inner surface of the cooling water pipe has a certain degree of smoothness, and has been passivated to ensure that the cooling water pipe will not pollute the cooling water, nor will the water pipe be blocked or blocked by impurities inside other components. Blockage of other components.
所述的数据采集系统，具有多通道、采样精度较高的数据采集；具有冷端补偿的功能可以同时准确测量多个热电偶传感器输出的微弱电信号，减小测量误差和抗干扰功能；为了保证采集系统工作的稳定性和操作的安全性，采集系统的供电通过隔离变压器单独供电。 The data acquisition system has multi-channel and high sampling accuracy data acquisition; it has the function of cold junction compensation and can accurately measure the weak electrical signals output by multiple thermocouple sensors at the same time, reducing measurement errors and anti-interference functions; To ensure the stability of the acquisition system and the safety of operation, the power supply of the acquisition system is supplied separately through the isolation transformer.
本发明的所采用的装置结构简单，安装方便，稳定可靠，该方法可以根据不同的功率设计或者选择适当参数的测量靶板以及合适的热电偶传感器等进行测量，适用于各种大功率的测量场合。根据热传递的效率，当强流粒子束与靶板相互作用在测量靶表面温度时，热量传递给热电偶，并且根据热量变化，可以计算出功率密度分布情况。同时，根据热传递的速率，当热电偶已经获取表面温度后，热量传递到冷却水，根据所设定的d1和d2的值，冷却水既可以将多余的热量及时吸收，又不影响热电偶适时测量精度。 The device adopted in the present invention is simple in structure, easy to install, stable and reliable, and the method can be designed according to different powers or select a measurement target plate with appropriate parameters and a suitable thermocouple sensor for measurement, and is suitable for various high-power measurements occasion. According to the efficiency of heat transfer, when the high-current particle beam interacts with the target plate to measure the target surface temperature, the heat is transferred to the thermocouple, and according to the heat change, the power density distribution can be calculated. At the same time, according to the heat transfer rate, when the thermocouple has obtained the surface temperature, the heat is transferred to the cooling water. According to the set values of d1 and d2, the cooling water can absorb the excess heat in time without affecting the thermocouple. Timely measurement accuracy.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明的结构原理图 Fig. 1 is a structural principle diagram of the present invention
其中，1测量靶板；2热电偶传感器；3热电偶测量导线；4测量靶板与粒子束接触面；5冷却水管；6热电偶传感器阵列，7数据采集系统。 Among them, 1 measuring target plate; 2 thermocouple sensor; 3 thermocouple measuring wire; 4 measuring the contact surface between target plate and particle beam; 5 cooling water pipe; 6 thermocouple sensor array, 7 data acquisition system.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
如图1所示，一种兆瓦级强流离子源功率密度分布的测量方法原理图，测量系统由测量靶板1、热电偶传感器2、热电偶测量导线3、测量靶板与粒子束接触面4、冷却水管5、数据采集系统7组成。强流离子源发射的高能粒子束作用到测量靶板上，在测量靶板背面钻取若干个一定深度盲孔，电偶传感器分布于盲孔内组成传感器阵列并通过导线连接到数据采集系统，冷却水管根据根据热传感器的位置呈蜿蜒型分布于测量靶内。其中热电偶传感器按照需求分布在测量靶上面，冷却水由图中箭头所示方向流动；测量靶板1中的参数d1和d2根据需求设置和加工，并且在测量靶内部置入蜿蜒型的冷却水管，以加快热量传递；热电偶传感器2需要焊接在测量靶内部，以确保可以准确测量测量靶表面的实时温度，并且热电偶传感器2与导线的链接需要使用氩弧焊，确保导线与热电偶传感器接触良好，并且在较高环境温度条件下，也不易发生故障；冷却水管5可以直接连接在冷却水箱上面，并且冷却水管道内部需要有足够的压力才能驱使冷却水的循环；数据采集系统7连接到热电偶传感器阵列的导线，每个数据采集通道间相互电气隔离，并且与热电偶是一一对应的关系，在数据采集系统前端增加冷端补偿模块，确保数据采集的准确性；根据采集到的数据推算强流粒子束在测量靶板表面的功率密度大小，结合热电偶传感器的位置，可以计算出强流粒子束的功率密度分布情况。 As shown in Figure 1, a schematic diagram of a measurement method for the power density distribution of a megawatt-level high-current ion source. The measurement system consists of a measurement target plate 1, a thermocouple sensor 2, a thermocouple measurement wire 3, and a measurement target plate in contact with the particle beam. surface 4, cooling water pipe 5, and data acquisition system 7. The high-energy particle beam emitted by the high-current ion source acts on the measurement target plate, and several blind holes with a certain depth are drilled on the back of the measurement target plate. The galvanic couple sensors are distributed in the blind holes to form a sensor array and are connected to the data acquisition system through wires. The cooling water pipes are distributed in the measurement target in a meandering manner according to the position of the thermal sensor. Among them, the thermocouple sensors are distributed on the measurement target according to the requirements, and the cooling water flows in the direction indicated by the arrow in the figure; the parameters d1 and d2 in the measurement target plate 1 are set and processed according to the requirements, and a serpentine type is placed inside the measurement target Cooling water pipes to speed up heat transfer; thermocouple sensor 2 needs to be welded inside the measurement target to ensure that the real-time temperature of the measurement target surface can be accurately measured, and the link between thermocouple sensor 2 and the wire needs to use argon arc welding to ensure that the wire and thermoelectric The couple sensor is in good contact, and it is not prone to failure under high ambient temperature conditions; the cooling water pipe 5 can be directly connected to the cooling water tank, and there must be enough pressure inside the cooling water pipe to drive the circulation of the cooling water; the data acquisition system 7. The wires connected to the thermocouple sensor array, each data acquisition channel is electrically isolated from each other, and has a one-to-one correspondence with the thermocouple. A cold junction compensation module is added at the front end of the data acquisition system to ensure the accuracy of data acquisition; according to The collected data calculates the power density of the high-current particle beam on the surface of the measurement target plate, combined with the position of the thermocouple sensor, the power density distribution of the high-current particle beam can be calculated.
在实际使用中，本发明在兆瓦级的大功率以及极其复杂的电磁环境下使用，可以很好的测量兆瓦级强流离子源所产生功率密度的分布情况，可重复性好，工作稳定可靠。 In actual use, the present invention is used in megawatt-level high-power and extremely complex electromagnetic environments, and can well measure the distribution of power density generated by megawatt-level high-current ion sources, with good repeatability and stable operation reliable.
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