Electric motor car three keeps off variable transmission mechanism
Technical field
The invention belongs to vehicle technology field, specifically, pass particularly to three gear speed changes in electric motor car
Motivation structure.
Background technology
At present, the commonly used two gear speed changes of drive mechanism of electric motor car, existing deficiency is:
1) the speed reducing ratio span between each gear is relatively big, and speed reducing ratio is about 2;The biggest gearshift of speed reducing ratio span
Time there will be bigger impulsive force, thereby result in electric current moment maximum, it is easy to cause control system to damage.
2) two gear gears are by through-drive power, and axle should bear torque and bear weight again, therefore
Countershaft installation accuracy requires at a relatively high, and somewhat deviation will result in shaft break of motor.
3) regardless of top gear or bottom gear is all three grades of decelerations to two gear gears, the efficiency when high-speed cruising
Point (output is divided by input power) is difficult to reach optimal.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of gearshift convenient, steady, can be effectively improved effect
The electric motor car three of rate point keeps off variable transmission mechanism.
Technical scheme is as follows: a kind of electric motor car three keeps off variable transmission mechanism, including be arranged in parallel
Main shaft (1) and countershaft (2), it is characterised in that: on described main shaft (1), it is set with driving sleeve (3),
The peripheral empty set three of this driving sleeve (3) one end keeps off gear (4), and three gears gear (4) are provided with two grades and subtract
Speed driving gear (14), the other end of driving sleeve (3) is connected, in described biography with output spline housing (5)
The middle part of moving axis set (3) empty set second gear (7) side by side and first gear (6), described second gear (7)
And double detent slide set (8), described pair of detent slide set (8) are set between double reduction driving gear (14)
By spline package on driving sleeve (3), at described second gear (7) and double reduction driving gear
(14) soldered tooth matched with double detent slide sets (8) it is provided with on opposing end surface;A described gear
Single detent slide set (9), this list detent slide set (9) it is provided with between gear (6) and output spline housing (5)
By spline package on driving sleeve (3), and single detent slide set (9) by spring (10) with
Output spline housing (5) abut against, described first gear (6) towards output spline housing (5) end face on
It is provided with the soldered tooth matched with single detent slide set (9);Described countershaft is set with double reduction on (2)
Driven gear (11), two gear driven gear (12) and one keep off driven gear (13), described double reduction from
Moving gear (11) engages with double reduction driving gear (14), two gears driven gear (12) and two gear teeth
Wheel (7) engagement, described gear driven gear (13) engages with first gear (6).
Using above technical scheme, main shaft is fixed on the car body of electric motor car, output spline housing and electric motor car
Wheel hub connects.The power of electric vehicle motor passes to three gear gears and double reduction driving tooth by input gear
Wheel, when double detent slide set neither engages with second gear, does not engages with double reduction driving gear,
Double reduction driving gear drives double reduction driven gear to rotate, and makes countershaft, two gear driven gear and gears
Driven gear rotates together, and two gear driven gears drive second gear idle running, a gear driven gear to drive a gear
Gear rotates, and under the effect of spring force, single detent slide set engages with first gear, and with a gear
Gear rotates together, and single detent slide set imparts power to driving sleeve, makes output spline housing defeated to wheel hub
Go out power, now the bottom gear of corresponding electric motor car.
When double detent slide set engages with second gear, two gear driven gears drive second gear to rotate, and one
Gear driven gear drives first gear to rotate, and second gear drives driving sleeve to rotate by double detent slide sets,
Output spline housing is made to export power to wheel hub, now the middle speed gear of corresponding electric motor car;Due to turning of driving sleeve
Speed is higher than the rotating speed of first gear, and under the knockout press effect that rotating speed is different, single detent slide set overcomes spring
Elastic force moves to output spline housing direction, and single detent slide set separates with first gear, makes first gear and list
Detent slide set all dallies.
When double detent slide set engages with double reduction driving gear, double reduction driving gear is by double spine
Pawl slip cap drives driving sleeve to rotate, and makes output spline housing export power to wheel hub, now corresponding electric motor car
Top gear;Meanwhile, two gear driven gears drive second gear idle running, a gear driven gear to drive one
Gear gear rotates, and owing to the rotating speed of driving sleeve is higher than the rotating speed of first gear, the knockout press different at rotating speed is made
Under with, single detent slide set overcomes the elastic force of spring to move to output spline housing direction, single detent slide set with
First gear separates, and makes first gear and single detent slide set all dally.
As can be seen here, the present invention uses high, medium and low three gears to carry out transmission, and the speed reducing ratio between each gear can
To be reduced to about 1.5, so gearshift is convenient, steady, it is possible to avoid bigger impulsive force occur during gearshift,
Thus eliminate the disadvantage causing control system to damage because electric current moment is maximum.The present invention uses axle sleeve to transmit
Power, main shaft is solely subjected to weight, is not subject to torque, and the weight of whole electric vehicle is all born on main shaft,
Work on motor does not affect, and so on the one hand reduces difficulty and the precision of assembling, makes assembling simpler,
Efficiency of assembling is higher;On the other hand, can effectively prevent motor shaft from rupturing.Meanwhile, the present invention is at a high speed
Only having primary speed-down during gear, the efficient point (output is divided by input power) during high-speed cruising can reach
Most preferably, compared with traditional structure, it is possible to increase 4-6 efficient point.
Being symmetrically arranged with the first ratchet at the two ends of described pair of detent slide set (8), this first ratchet is by multiple
The most equally distributed first ratchet (8a) forms, and described first ratchet (8a) is triangle bulk knot
Structure, the first ratchet (8a) protrudes from the height circumferentially direction of double detent slide set (8) end face and is gradually reduced,
Soldered tooth on described second gear (7) or double reduction driving gear (14) can be with the first corresponding spine
Tooth (8a) docks laminating mutually.
What double detent slide put the first ratchet uses triangle block structure, and on the one hand moulding is simple, adds
Work makes easily, and intensity is reliable;On the other hand, the first ratchet protrudes from the end face i.e. work of double detent slide set
It is ramp structure as face, when double detent slide set engages with corresponding shift gear, each first ratchet and gear
Soldered tooth on the gear of position is fitted face-to-face, carries out transmission by frictional force, not only ensures the reliable of transmission
Property, and make gearshift easier, convenient, can be prevented effectively from and beat tooth.
Described first ratchet (8a) is structure as a whole with double detent slide sets (8), and the first ratchet (8a)
Work surface be arc surface.Above structure is conducive to processing and fabricating, and the work surface of the first ratchet uses arc surface
Engaging with corresponding shift gear, joint is tightr, transmission is more reliable, and separates very easy.
It is attached with shift fork for convenience, has at the middle part of described pair of detent slide set (8) outer circumference surface
Annular groove.
On the end face of first gear (6), it is provided with the second ratchet described single detent slide set (9),
This second ratchet is made up of the most equally distributed multiple second ratchets (9a), described second ratchet (9a)
For triangle block structure, the second ratchet (9a) protrudes from the height of single detent slide set (9) end face by circle
Circumferential direction is gradually reduced, and the soldered tooth on described first gear (6) can dock mutually with the second ratchet (9a)
Laminating.
The second ratchet that single detent slide puts uses triangle block structure, and on the one hand moulding is simple, processing
Making easily, intensity is reliable;On the other hand, the second ratchet protrudes from the end face of single detent slide set and i.e. works
Face is ramp structure, when single detent slide set engages with first gear, on each second ratchet and first gear
Soldered tooth fit face-to-face, carry out transmission by frictional force, not only ensure the reliability of transmission, and
Separate more convenient, quick.As preferably, the work surface of the second ratchet is also arc surface.
The outer circumference surface of described single detent slide set (9) is fixed with eccentricity balance-weight block (15), utilize from
Mental and physical efforts can make single detent slide set separate more rapid with first gear, thus further increases gearshift just
Victory.
Described eccentricity balance-weight block (15) is annular block structure, and by bolt and single detent slide set (9)
Fix.On the one hand eccentricity balance-weight block moulding is simple for above structure, be prone to processing and fabricating, low cost;Another
Aspect, eccentricity balance-weight block dismounting is convenient, and it is firm to be connected with single detent slide set, and changes eccentricity balance-weight block
Very convenient.
Beneficial effect: the efficient point (output is divided by input power) during high-speed cruising of the present invention can reach
To optimal, and it is convenient, steady to shift gears, it is possible to avoids bigger impulsive force occur during gearshift, thus eliminates
The disadvantage that control system is damaged is caused because electric current moment is maximum;The weight of whole electric vehicle is all born
On main shaft, the work on motor does not affect, and has both reduced difficulty and the precision of assembling, again can be the most anti-
Only motor shaft ruptures.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of single detent slide set.
Fig. 3 is the top view of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of double detent slide set.
Fig. 5 is the top view of Fig. 4.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention will be further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
As it is shown in figure 1, the main shaft 1 being connected with electric motor car car body maintains static, this main shaft 1 and countershaft 2
Parallel, countershaft 2 can be freely rotatable.Described main shaft 1 is set with driving sleeve 3, this driving sleeve
3 can rotate relative to main shaft 1.The peripheral empty set three of described driving sleeve 3 left end as shown keeps off gear 4,
The right-hand member of this three gears gear 4 arranges double reduction driving gear 14, double reduction driving gear 14 and three gear teeth
Wheel 4 can be integrative-structure, it is also possible to be the split-type structural being solidly installed.Described driving sleeve 3
Right-hand member is connected with output spline housing 5, and output spline housing 5 is on driving sleeve 3 and defeated by spline package
Go out spline housing 5 to be connected with the wheel hub of electric motor car, when driving sleeve 3 rotates when, it is possible to drive output flower
Key set 5 rotates together, exports power to the wheel hub of electric motor car.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 4, Figure 5, at the middle part of driving sleeve 3, empty set second gear 7 and keeps off side by side
Gear 6, second gear 7 is positioned at the left side of first gear 6.At described second gear 7 with double reduction actively
Arranging double detent slide set 8 between gear 14, this pair of detent slide set 8 passes through spline package in driving sleeve
On 3.The two ends overlapping 8 at described pair of detent slide are symmetrically arranged with the first ratchet, and this first ratchet is pressed by multiple
First ratchet 8a composition of even circumferential distribution, the first ratchet 8a is structure as a whole with double detent slide sets 8,
The number of the first ratchet 8a determines according to actual needs, and the present embodiment is preferably 10.Described first ratchet
8a is triangle block structure, and the first ratchet 8a protrudes from double detent slide and overlaps 8 end faces (the i.e. first ratchet
The work surface of 8a) height circumferentially direction be gradually reduced, and the work surface of the first ratchet 8a is arc surface.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 4, Figure 5, at left side and the double reduction driving tooth of described second gear 7
The right side of wheel 14 is equipped with the soldered tooth matched with the first ratchet 8a, the number of described soldered tooth and the
One ratchet 8a is equal, and the position of soldered tooth is relative with the first ratchet 8a, the shape of soldered tooth and the first ratchet
8a adapts, and described soldered tooth can engage in the way of relative laminating with the first ratchet 8a.Described
Double detent slide overlap the middle part of 8 outer circumference surfaces and have annular groove, for being connected with shift fork, under the stirring of shift fork,
Double detent slide set 8 can left and right sliding on driving sleeve 3, engage with second gear 7 selectively,
Or engage with double reduction driving gear 14, or simultaneously with second gear 7 and double reduction driving gear
14 separate.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 shows, between first gear 6 and output spline housing 5, single ratchet it is provided with sliding
Dynamic set 9, this list detent slide set 9 passes through spline package on driving sleeve 3.Described single detent slide set 9
And output spline housing 5 between spring 10 is set, this spring 10 ring set on main shaft 1, the left end of spring 10
Abutting with single detent slide set 9, the right-hand member of spring 10 abuts against with output spline housing 5.At described single ratchet
The left side of slip cap 9 is formed with the second ratchet, and this second ratchet is by multiple the most equally distributed
Second ratchet 9a composition, the center of circle of the second surrounded circumference of ratchet 9a is overlapped on the axis of 9 at single detent slide,
The number of the second ratchet 9a determines according to actual needs, and the present embodiment is preferably 10.Described second ratchet
9a is triangle block structure, and the second ratchet 9a protrudes from single detent slide and overlaps 9 end faces (the i.e. second ratchet
The work surface of 9a) height circumferentially direction be gradually reduced, the work surface of the second ratchet 9a is arc surface.?
Being provided with eccentricity balance-weight block 15 on the outer circumference surface of described single detent slide set 9, this eccentricity balance-weight block 15 is circle
Annular block structure, and fixed with single detent slide set 9 by bolt.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 shows, the right side at first gear 6 is formed with and the second ratchet 9a
The soldered tooth matched, number and the second ratchet 9a of this soldered tooth are equal, the position of soldered tooth and the second spine
Tooth 9a is relative, and the shape of soldered tooth adapts with the second ratchet 9a, and described soldered tooth can be with the second ratchet
9a engages in the way of laminating relatively.
As it is shown in figure 1, on countershaft 2 the most successively suit double reduction driven gear 11, two gear from
Moving gear 12 and a gear driven gear 13, double reduction driven gear 11, two gear driven gear 12 and a gear
Driven gear 13 is all coordinated with countershaft 2 by spline.Described double reduction driven gear 11 and double reduction
Driving gear 14 engages, and two gear driven gears 12 engage with second gear 7, a described gear driven gear 13
Engage with first gear 6.
The present invention has high, medium and low three gears, specific as follows:
When double detent slide set 8 neither engage with second gear 7, the most not with double reduction driving gear 14
When engaging, double reduction driving gear 14 drives double reduction driven gear 11 to rotate, and makes countershaft 2, two
Gear driven gear 12 rotates together with a gear driven gear 13, and two gear driven gears 12 drive second gear 7
Idle running, a gear driven gear 13 drives first gear 6 to rotate, under the effect of spring 10 elastic force, single spine
Pawl slip cap 9 engages with first gear 6, and rotates with first gear 6, single detent slide set 9
Impart power to driving sleeve 3, make output spline housing 5 export power to wheel hub, now corresponding electric motor car
Bottom gear.
When double detent slide set 8 engages with second gear 7, double reduction driving gear 14 drives two grades to subtract
Speed driven gear 11 rotates, and makes countershaft 2, two gear driven gear 12 rotate together with a gear driven gear 13,
Two gear driven gears 12 drive second gear 7 to rotate, and a gear driven gear 13 drives first gear 6 to rotate,
Second gear 7 is rotated by double detent slide set 8 drive driving sleeves 3, makes output spline housing 5 to wheel hub
Output power, the now middle speed gear of corresponding electric motor car;Owing to the rotating speed of driving sleeve 3 is higher than first gear 6
Rotating speed, under the knockout press effect that rotating speed is different, single detent slide set 9 overcomes the elastic force of spring 10 to output
Spline housing 5 direction is moved, and single detent slide set 9 separates with first gear 6, makes first gear 6 and single spine
Pawl slip cap 9 all dallies.
When double detent slide set 8 engages with double reduction driving gear 14, double reduction driving gear 14
Rotated by double detent slide set 8 drive driving sleeve 3, make output spline housing 5 export power to wheel hub,
The now top gear of corresponding electric motor car;Meanwhile, double reduction driving gear 14 drives double reduction driven
Gear 11 rotates, and makes countershaft 2, two gear driven gear 12 rotate together with a gear driven gear 13, two gears
Driven gear 12 drives second gear 7 to dally, and a gear driven gear 13 drives first gear 6 to rotate, by
Rotating speed in driving sleeve 3 is higher than the rotating speed of first gear 6, under the knockout press effect that rotating speed is different, and single spine
Pawl slip cap 9 separates with first gear 6, makes first gear 6 and single detent slide set 9 all dally.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention being described above in association with accompanying drawing, but on the invention is not restricted to
Stating detailed description of the invention, above-mentioned detailed description of the invention is only exemplary rather than determinate, this area
Those of ordinary skill under the enlightenment of the present invention, on the premise of present inventive concept and claim,
May be made that and represent as multiple types, as change slip cap ratchet moulding and number, or change and slide
Combination of set and corresponding gear etc., within such conversion each falls within protection scope of the present invention.