CN103834470A - Method for extracting macadamia nut oil by adopting subcritical extraction technology - Google Patents
Method for extracting macadamia nut oil by adopting subcritical extraction technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN103834470A CN103834470A CN201410076040.4A CN201410076040A CN103834470A CN 103834470 A CN103834470 A CN 103834470A CN 201410076040 A CN201410076040 A CN 201410076040A CN 103834470 A CN103834470 A CN 103834470A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an extraction method of macadamia nut oil, particularly relates to a method for extracting the macadamia nut oil by adopting a subcritical extraction technology and belongs to the field of extraction of vegetable grease. The method comprises the following steps of extracting dried and crushed macadamia nut oil for multiple times under certain pressure and temperature by utilizing the subcritical extraction technology to obtain high-quality macadamia nut oil, wherein the recovered solvent in the extraction process also can be recycled. The extraction method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the production efficiency is high; the obtained grease is good in quality, no solvent residue is generated, and the protein of degreased fruit powder is not denatured; the manufacturing cost and the operating cost of the equipment are low, and large-production can be realized. The extraction method is a high-efficiency, low-consumption and environmental-friendly production technology of the macadamia nut oil.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of Queensland nut oil extracting process, be specifically related to a kind of method that adopts subcritical abstraction technology to extract Queensland nut oil, belong to Vegetable oil lipoprotein and extract field.
Background technology
Queensland nut (MacadamiaternifoliaF.Muell) claims again Hawaii nut, Queensland's chestnut, belongs to Proteaceae Queensland nut and belongs to.Originate in Australia, since China introduces a fine variety for 1910,7 provinces and cities (autonomous region) popularizing planting in south China, is mainly distributed in Yunnan and area, Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces.Queensland nut is usually enjoyed the laudatory title of " king of dry fruit ", and kernel crisp-fried is good to eat, and unique flavor has nutrition and health care and is worth.Nut kernel oil-containing nearly 80%, wherein unsaturated fatty acids ratio 80% left and right, and taking oleic acid and these two kinds of monounsaturated fatty acids of Zoomeric acid as main, therefore edible Queensland nut oil for a long time, can effectively regulate the cholesterol level in blood of human body, reduce blood viscosity, and then effectively protect cardio-cerebrovascular; Queensland nut oil is one of natural a little oil product that is rich in Zoomeric acid, can supplement skin aging and the grease that runs off, is the ideal basic oil of skin, hair nursing.Nut kernel is containing protein 9%, and as natural quality protein, containing 18 seed amino acids, wherein 10 kinds is essential amino acid.In addition, in kernel, go back rich vitamin B1, B2, B6, VITAMIN and the mineral elements such as vitamin-E and calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc.
At present be mainly hot moulding method, cold-press and super critical extraction for extracting the method for Queensland nut oil both at home and abroad.Though hot moulding method is with low cost, simple to operate, but it is high to have ignored Queensland nut oil unsaturated fatty acid content, be rich in the feature of activeconstituents, under pyroprocessing, grease is oxidizable rotten, produces the objectionable impuritiess such as trans fatty acid, grease polymer, destroy the functional ingredient in grease, the qualitative change of gained cake protein is serious, and most of as feed purposes, valuable resource rationally and is not fully utilized; Cold-press oil yield is lower; Supercritical fluid extraction, because equipment cost is higher, industrial scale is less, has limited its application in actual production.
In sum, produce at present the extractive technique of being badly in need of a kind of efficient, green, practical Queensland nut oil.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide high, the fuel-displaced quality better of a kind of extraction efficiency, non-hot-work, the cost subcritical abstraction technology that utilizes low, that be applicable to scale operation to extract the method for Queensland nut oil.To achieve these goals, the concrete operation step of the technical program is:
1) sample pretreatment: fresh Queensland nut is gone to fruit pod, be placed in drying at room temperature 72h, then put into baking oven in 50 DEG C of oven dry 72h, be dried to moisture content 4% left and right, shell and isolate kernel, then, by after slight kernel pulverizing, cross 0.1～3mm screen cloth;
2) extraction: will pack airtight extractor into through pretreated Queensland nut powder, and vacuumize, and inject appropriate extraction solvent to by complete sample submergence, and repeatedly extract under certain pressure and extraction conditions;
3) precipitation: after extraction finishes, the extraction solvent that contains Queensland nut oil is put into evaporating pot, constant temperature reduction vaporization, obtains Queensland nut crude oil, extraction solvent after gasification is compressed, after filtration, condensation liquefaction, be recovered to solvent storage tank;
4) crude oil is refining: after the crude oil obtaining in step (3) is left standstill, filter, obtain refining Queensland nut oil.
Described step 2) in extraction solvent be subcritical abstraction organic solvent.
Described step 2) in extraction solvent comprise: the mixing of one or more in propane, butane, dme, Tetrafluoroethane, sherwood oil, alcohol.
Described step 2) in extraction solvent with the ratio of sample quality be: 1:1～20.
Described certain pressure is the saturation vapour pressure of solvent for use under corresponding extraction temperature.
Described certain pressure is 0.1～0.9MPa.
Described step 2) in extraction conditions be: extraction time 5～40min, 10～90 DEG C of extraction temperature,, extract 1～6 time by preferably 35～55 DEG C.
Described step 2) in after each extraction, sample need be taken out further pulverize after extraction again, to improve percentage extraction.
The extraction solvent reclaiming in described step 3) can recycle.
Technical scheme technique effect provided by the present invention:
(1) extraction efficiency is high, and grease gives off a strong fragrance, color and luster is limpid, only needs to can be used as senior salad oil and base oil through simple refining; After extracting, residue degreasing fruit whitewash is bright fine and smooth, can be used as the High quality processing raw material of the food such as protein powder, biscuit, beverage.
(2) adopt subcritical butane to carry out low-temperature extraction, precipitation to Queensland nut, belong to non-hot-work, residual without hazardous solvent, and extraction environment is in anaerobic state, thereby keep to greatest extent activeconstituents in Queensland nut oil, avoid the oxidation of grease in leaching process, albumen unchangeability in gained fruit powder.
(3) equipment used operating pressure is less than 1.0MPa, is far smaller than the pressure requirement of supercritical extraction, can reach the requirement of suitability for industrialized production.
(4) extraction process carries out under complete totally enclosed condition, quick, safe, pollution-free.
brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 subcritical abstraction technology extracts Queensland nut oil flow process
Embodiment
The present invention is not subject to the restriction of following embodiment, can determine concrete embodiment according to the technical scheme of the invention described above and practical situation.
Embodiment 1 carries out in the steps below:
Dried Queensland nut benevolence is crushed to behind 1mm left and right, takes 500g and be placed in the airtight extractor of 5L, vacuumize; Inject 3L butane solvent, submergence sample completely, controls temperature 45 C, pressure 0.45Mpa, time 15min.After extraction finishes, the liquid butane solvent that contains Queensland nut oil is put into evaporating pot, 50 DEG C of constant temperature reduction vaporization precipitations, the butane of gasification, after compressor compression, is got back in solvent tank after liquefaction in condenser; Open extractor, take out Queensland nut benevolence, then be crushed to 80 orders, put into airtight extractor and repeat above step; Extract for the second time after precipitation finishes and no longer take out Queensland nut benevolence, directly extract for the third time.Extraction finishes, after precipitation, to obtain Queensland nut crude oil, and vacuum filters, and obtains 390g Queensland nut processed oil, extraction yield nearly 98%.
Queensland nut oil yield (%)=(extracting the quality of fuel-displaced quality/Queensland nut benevolence) × 100%
The main physical and chemical index of Queensland nut oil is measured:
The mensuration of grease refractive index: with reference to GB/T5527-2010; Grease moisture and volatile content are measured: with reference to GB/T9696-2008; Acid value of oil and fat is measured: with reference to GB/T5530-2005; The mensuration of oil peroxidation value: with reference to GB/T5538-2005; Oil iv is measured: with reference to GB/T5532-2008; The mensuration of fat saponification value: with reference to GB/T5534-2008.
Queensland nut oil oxidative stability is measured:
Adopt 743 type Rancimat grease oxidation rancid instrument to measure Queensland nut oil oxidation stability.Condition determination: oil sample consumption 3.0g, 120 DEG C of temperature, air velocity 10L/h.
Queensland nut fatty acid oil composition measuring: adopt GC-MS to analyze Queensland nut oil.
Data statistics and analysis: experimental result is carried out to statistical study processing with MicrosoftExcel software and SPSS16.0 software.
The main physical and chemical index of table 1 Queensland nut oil
Subcritical butane extraction Queensland nut oil is containing 11 kinds of lipid acid, and wherein saturated fatty acid accounts for 18.50%, is respectively lauric acid, tetradecanoic acid, palmitinic acid, stearic acid, eicosanoic acid and behenic acid; Unsaturated fatty acids accounts for 81.50%, is respectively Zoomeric acid, oleic acid, linolic acid, linolenic acid and arachic acid, and wherein monounsaturated fatty acids Zoomeric acid (17.59%), oleic acid (58.99%) and arachic acid (3.03%) account for 79.61% altogether.Subcritical abstraction method does not have obvious difference compared with hot moulding method lipid acid composition, but Zoomeric acid content is slightly high, and stearic acid content is lower slightly, and this may have larger relation from the Queensland nut place of production different.
The main physical and chemical index of table 2 Queensland nut oil
Smell flavour, acid number and the peroxide value of the Queensland nut oil of subcritical abstraction is all obviously better than hot moulding Queensland nut oil, and this is because the high temperature that bakes and squeeze in hot moulding technique causes the oxidation of becoming sour of grease to make its quality variation.
Embodiment 2 carries out in the steps below:
Dried Queensland nut benevolence is crushed to behind 1mm left and right, takes 300g and be placed in the airtight extractor of 5L, vacuumize; Inject 2.8L propane solvent, submergence sample completely, controls 15 DEG C of temperature, pressure 0.74Mpa, time 25min.After extraction finishes, the petrogas solvent that contains Queensland nut oil is put into evaporating pot, 40 DEG C of constant temperature reduction vaporization precipitations, the propane of gasification, after compressor compression, is got back in solvent tank after liquefaction in condenser; Open extractor, take out Queensland nut benevolence, then be crushed to 80 orders, put into airtight extractor and repeat above step; Extract for the second time after precipitation finishes and no longer take out Queensland nut benevolence, directly extract for the third time.Extraction finishes, after precipitation, to obtain Queensland nut crude oil, and vacuum filters, and obtains 216g Queensland nut processed oil, extraction yield nearly 94%.
Embodiment 3 carries out in the steps below:
Dried Queensland nut benevolence is crushed to behind 60 order left and right, takes 10kg, be placed in the airtight extractor of 100L with paddle, vacuumize; Pass into 60L dme solvent, submergence sample completely, controls 25 DEG C of temperature, pressure 0.61Mpa, and stirring velocity is 40r/min, time 30min, number of times 2 times.After extraction finishes, according to the method desolvation in embodiment 1, obtain Queensland nut crude oil, vacuum-evaporation removes moisture, filters, and obtains 8.3kg Queensland nut processed oil, extraction yield nearly 95%.
Embodiment 4 carries out in the steps below:
Dried Queensland nut benevolence is crushed to behind 60 order left and right, takes 15kg, be placed in the airtight extractor of 100L with paddle, vacuumize; Pass into 70L Tetrafluoroethane solvent, submergence sample completely, controls 20 DEG C of temperature, pressure 0.57Mpa, and stirring velocity is 25r/min, time 20min, number of times 4 times.After extraction finishes, according to the method desolvation in embodiment 1, obtain Queensland nut crude oil, vacuum filters, and obtains 12.5kg Queensland nut processed oil, extraction yield nearly 96%.
It should be noted last that: above embodiment is only in order to explanation, and unrestricted technical scheme of the present invention, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to above-described embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: still can modify or be equal to replacement the present invention, and not departing from any modification or partial replacement of the spirit and scope of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. utilize subcritical abstraction technology to extract a method for Queensland nut oil, its feature comprises the steps:
1) sample pretreatment: fresh Queensland nut is gone to fruit pod, be placed in drying at room temperature 72h, then put into baking oven in 50 DEG C of oven dry 72h, be dried to moisture content 4% left and right, shell and isolate kernel, then, by after slight kernel pulverizing, cross 0.1～3mm screen cloth;
2) extraction: will pack airtight extractor into through pretreated Queensland nut powder, and vacuumize, and inject appropriate extraction solvent to by complete sample submergence, and repeatedly extract under certain pressure and extraction conditions;
3) precipitation: after extraction finishes, the extraction solvent that contains Queensland nut oil is put into evaporating pot, constant temperature reduction vaporization, obtains Queensland nut crude oil, extraction solvent after gasification is compressed, after filtration, condensation liquefaction, be recovered to solvent storage tank;
4) crude oil is refining: after the crude oil obtaining in step (3) is left standstill, filter, obtain refining Queensland nut oil.
2. the method for extraction Queensland nut oil claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described step 2) in extraction solvent be subcritical abstraction organic solvent.
3. the method for the extraction Queensland nut oil described in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that described step 2) in extraction solvent comprise: the mixing of one or more in propane, butane, dme, Tetrafluoroethane, sherwood oil, alcohol.
4. the method for extraction Queensland nut oil claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described step 2) in extraction solvent with the ratio of sample quality be: 1:1～20.
5. the method for extraction Queensland nut oil claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described certain pressure is the saturation vapour pressure of solvent for use under corresponding extraction temperature.
6. the method for the extraction Queensland nut oil described in claim 1 or 4, is characterized in that described certain pressure is 0.1～0.9MPa.
7. the method for extraction Queensland nut oil claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described step 2) in extraction conditions be: extraction time 5～40min, 10～90 DEG C of extraction temperature,, extract 1～6 time by preferably 35～55 DEG C.
8. the method for extraction Queensland nut oil claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described step 2) in after each extraction, need sample take out further pulverize after extraction again.
9. the method for extraction Queensland nut oil claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the extraction solvent reclaiming in described step 3) can recycle.
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| CN104560381A (en) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-04-29 | 武汉轻工大学 | Subcritical extraction process of high-quality chaenomeles speciosa seed oil |
| CN105001991A (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2015-10-28 | 中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所 | Ledum palustre extractive with sterilization function and preparing method and application thereof |
| CN105368573A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-03-02 | 郑州雪麦龙食品香料有限公司 | Method for preparing nutmeg oleoresin by using subcritical fluid |
| CN106833884A (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2017-06-13 | 山西琪尔康翅果生物制品有限公司 | A kind of method of subcritical abstraction samara elite |
| CN107011988A (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2017-08-04 | 海南南国健康产业有限公司 | A kind of coconut oil extraction process and its coconut oil |
| CN107022039A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-08-08 | 马鞍山汇智生物技术有限公司 | A kind of new method that liquaemin is prepared by raw material of chitterlings |
| CN107446693A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2017-12-08 | 中国热带农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | A kind of method of ultrasonic wave vapour-liquid coexistence state ethanol fluid oil and grease extracting |
| CN107937128A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-04-20 | 董悫 | A kind of macadimia nut oil extracting method |
| CN108251218A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-07-06 | 安阳工学院 | A kind of method of highly selective extraction north Chinese mugwort essential oil |
| CN108272058A (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2018-07-13 | 南京财经大学 | A kind of green fruit paste of red-jujube flavor degreasing |
| CN110951537A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-03 | 广西粮油科学研究所有限公司 | Preparation method of macadamia nut oil |
| CN111979040A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-11-24 | 方石明 | Method for extracting oil from food materials by adopting solvent |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104560381A (en) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-04-29 | 武汉轻工大学 | Subcritical extraction process of high-quality chaenomeles speciosa seed oil |
| CN105001991A (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2015-10-28 | 中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所 | Ledum palustre extractive with sterilization function and preparing method and application thereof |
| CN105368573A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-03-02 | 郑州雪麦龙食品香料有限公司 | Method for preparing nutmeg oleoresin by using subcritical fluid |
| CN106833884A (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2017-06-13 | 山西琪尔康翅果生物制品有限公司 | A kind of method of subcritical abstraction samara elite |
| CN107011988A (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2017-08-04 | 海南南国健康产业有限公司 | A kind of coconut oil extraction process and its coconut oil |
| CN107022039A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-08-08 | 马鞍山汇智生物技术有限公司 | A kind of new method that liquaemin is prepared by raw material of chitterlings |
| CN107446693A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2017-12-08 | 中国热带农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | A kind of method of ultrasonic wave vapour-liquid coexistence state ethanol fluid oil and grease extracting |
| CN107937128A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-04-20 | 董悫 | A kind of macadimia nut oil extracting method |
| CN108251218A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-07-06 | 安阳工学院 | A kind of method of highly selective extraction north Chinese mugwort essential oil |
| CN108251218B (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2021-06-15 | 安阳工学院 | Method for extracting artemisia vulgaris essential oil with high selectivity |
| CN108272058A (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2018-07-13 | 南京财经大学 | A kind of green fruit paste of red-jujube flavor degreasing |
| CN110951537A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-03 | 广西粮油科学研究所有限公司 | Preparation method of macadamia nut oil |
| CN111979040A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-11-24 | 方石明 | Method for extracting oil from food materials by adopting solvent |
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