CN103826955B - 混合动力车辆的扭矩分配方法以及相关联的车辆 - Google Patents

混合动力车辆的扭矩分配方法以及相关联的车辆 Download PDF

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CN103826955B
CN103826955B CN201280046121.9A CN201280046121A CN103826955B CN 103826955 B CN103826955 B CN 103826955B CN 201280046121 A CN201280046121 A CN 201280046121A CN 103826955 B CN103826955 B CN 103826955B
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R·阿巴尼
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PSA Automobiles SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K23/00—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • B60K23/08—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for changing number of driven wheels, for switching from driving one axle to driving two or more axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K23/00—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for
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    • B60K23/0808—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for changing number of driven wheels, for switching from driving one axle to driving two or more axles for varying torque distribution between driven axles, e.g. by transfer clutch
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/119—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of all-wheel-driveline means, e.g. transfer gears or clutches for dividing torque between front and rear axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2510/0657—Engine torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/08—Electric propulsion units
    • B60W2510/083—Torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2530/00—Input parameters relating to vehicle conditions or values, not covered by groups B60W2510/00 or B60W2520/00
    • B60W2530/18—Distance travelled
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2552/00—Input parameters relating to infrastructure
    • B60W2552/15—Road slope, i.e. the inclination of a road segment in the longitudinal direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2720/00—Output or target parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2720/10—Longitudinal speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2720/00—Output or target parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
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    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种在混合动力车辆（11）的前桥总成（12）和后桥总成（13）之间分配扭矩的方法，所述混合动力车辆包括：能够对车辆（11）的车桥（12，13）的其中一个进行驱动的热力发动机（15）；能够对车辆（11）的车桥（12，13）中的另外一个进行驱动的电机（21）；以及测量车辆（11）的附着力的测量设备，当车辆（11）的附着力低于临界值时，所述测量设备发送附着力临界信号。分配扭矩的方法的特征在于包括以下步骤：估算无附着力临界信号激活的情况下车辆（11）行走的距离，以及当所述距离大于行走距离的临界值时，将热力发动机（15）施加的扭矩（44）向电机（21）传递。

Description

混合动力车辆的扭矩分配方法以及相关联的车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及混合动力车辆的热力发动机和电机之间的扭矩分配方法以及相关联的车辆。本发明尤其有利地涉及一种用于混合动力车辆的应用，所述混合动力车辆包括与车辆的一个车桥相关联的热力发动机以及与车辆的另一个车桥相关联的电机。
背景技术
已知混合动力车辆提供两个独立的驱动系统。第一驱动系统确保对前桥总成的驱动，第二驱动系统确保对后桥总成的驱动。例如，热驱动系统包括确保对前桥总成的驱动的热力发动机，电驱动系统包括确保对后桥总成的驱动的电机。
某些混合动力车辆还具有已知术语为ESP（车身电子稳定系统）的附着力改善系统。该传统系统能够在紧急刹车时管理刹车力，以确保控制车辆的路线和/或避免卡住车轮。为此，ESP系统测量车辆的稳定性、刹车和打滑。
为了改善附着力，具有两种驱动系统的混合动力车辆通常包括能够在两种驱动系统之间分配扭矩的4x4模式的激活控制装置（commanded’activation）。4x4模式优选由用户激活从而改善车辆的附着力，尤其在车辆跨越较陡的斜坡时。
对于具有热驱动系统和电驱动系统的电混合动力车辆，4x4模式将驾驶员通过油门踏板引发的主动改变扭矩在车辆的热力发动机和电机之间分配。
当电混合动力车辆使用热力发动机时，这导致相对于仅使用单电机来说碳氢燃料的消耗量以及二氧化碳的排放量都会增加。因此用户为了改善附着力使用4x4模式增加了消耗量和二氧化碳排放量。然而，在较小附着力的情况之后用户可能会忘记关闭4x4模式，由此增加车辆的碳氢燃料消耗量以及二氧化碳的排放量。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于使由用户滥用热力发动机（尤其是在4x4模式下）而导致的车辆消耗量和二氧化碳排放量降低。为此，本发明提出当车辆在一段给定距离上无附着力损失地行进时，将热力发动机的一部分扭矩传递至电机。
根据第一方面，本发明涉及一种在混合动力车辆的前桥总成和后桥总成之间分配扭矩的方法，所述混合动力车辆包括：能够确保对车辆的车桥的其中一个进行驱动的热力发动机，能够确保对车辆的车桥中的另外一个进行驱动的电机，以及测量车辆的附着力的测量设备，当车辆的附着力低于临界值时，所述测量设备发送附着力临界信号。
所述分配扭矩的方法的特征在于包括以下步骤：估算无附着力临界信号激活的情况下车辆行走的距离，以及当所述距离大于行走距离的临界值时，将热力发动机施加的扭矩向电机传递。
本发明的优点在于提供一种非常易于使用的热力发动机的扭矩向电机传递的判定系统。实际上，无需依靠复杂的判定算法，本发明提议使用ESP类型的附着力改善系统的非触发信息，以判定实施扭矩传递。
根据一个实施方式，所述车辆包括车辆跨越坡度的评估系统，扭矩在热力发动机和电机之间的传递速度取决于所述坡度。
根据一个实施方式，扭矩在热力发动机和电机之间的传递速度取决于车辆的速度。
根据一个实施方式，在扭矩从热力发动机向电机传递期间，热力发动机和电机的扭矩的和保持不变。
根据一个实施方式，当热力发动机的扭矩完全传递至电机时，热力发动机熄火。
根据第二方面，本发明涉及一种实施本发明的分配扭矩方法的车辆。
附图说明
阅读下面的说明并且参考附图将能够更好地理解本发明。这些图仅作为对本发明的说明而非限制给出。附图中展示了：
图1是使用本发明的混合动力车辆的示意图；
图2是由使用本发明的混合动力车辆的扭矩分配模块接收和传递信息的示意图；以及
图3是使用本发明的热力发动机和电机的扭矩、无ESP参与的行走距离以及热力发动机状态根据时间的图线。
在图与图之间相同、类似或相似的元件使用相同的附图标记。
具体实施方式
图1示出使用本发明的混合动力车辆11，其包括前桥总成12和后桥总成13。
传统驱动系统14确保对前桥总成12的驱动。为此，该驱动系统14包括热力发动机15，其与借助传统离合器16手动操控的变速箱17相关联，所述离合器例如是具有干衬片或湿衬片的离合器。该变速箱17借助于降低的坡面（descente de pont）（未示出）与前桥总成12相连。作为变型，驱动系统14可以包括自动变速箱17。
此外，电机18与热力发动机15机械相关联。该电机18确保为车辆11的高压电能存储装置24、发动机15的启动器以及前桥总成12的驱动设备（如果有的话）充电。
在温度非常低以及前电机18不能确保运行的情况下，启动器19用来启动发动机15。如果需要的话，空调系统20与发动机15以及前电机18机械相连。
此外，第二驱动系统30包括借助离合器22与后桥总成13相连的第二电机21以及减速组件23。该离合器22例如形式为棘爪式离合器，而减速组件23具有唯一的齿轮组，作为变型可具有多个齿轮组。该第二驱动系统30可以辅助车辆的驱动或者为高压电能存储装置24充电。
高压电能存储装置24与直流/直流变流器26连接，所述直流/直流变流器将高压电能存储装置24的高压直流电压转换为用于启动器19的可接受电压，第二低压电能存储装置27与车辆11的车载电网28连接。
车辆11配有ESP类型的传统刹车调节系统29，其能够在紧急刹车时管理刹车力，以确保对车辆路线的控制和/或避免车轮卡住。刹车调节系统29测量车辆的稳定性、刹车以及打滑并且当车辆11的附着力小于临界值时释放附着力临界信号SA。
图2示出热驱动系统14和电驱动系统30的扭矩44，45的控制31的一部分。该控制部分31载有无刹车调节系统29参与的行走距离D的估算模块32，也就是说不释放附着力临界信号SA。无刹车调节系统29参与的行走距离D的估算模块32分析车辆的速度49以及附着力临界信号SA并且连续发出距离D的估算值。
热力发动机15和电机21之间的扭矩分配系统34分别产生热驱动系统14和电驱动系统30的扭矩定值36，37。系统34通过S4x4信号对用户激活4x4模式进行分析，并且通过信号SP对距离D以及车辆11跨越坡度的测量值进行分析。当处于激活车辆11的4x4模式时，扭矩51由系统34在热驱动系统14和电驱动系统30之间进行分配。施加在两个驱动系统14，30上的扭矩44，45的和等于用于通过油门踏板引发的扭矩51。
当系统34检测到距离D大于行走距离临界值时，尤其是在4x4模式下，系统34将热驱动系统14的扭矩44向电驱动系统30传递。由此，系统34控制使耦连的热驱动系统14的扭矩44减小并且使电驱动系统30的扭矩45增加。在扭矩45的增加并且扭矩44减小期间，扭矩44，45的和保持等于用户通过油门踏板引发的扭矩51。根据一个实施方式，增加和减小的速度取决于车辆跨越的坡度，因此取决于该坡度的测量信号SP。增加和减小的速度还取决于车辆11的速度49。车辆11的速度49取决于由热驱动系统14施加的扭矩44以及由电驱动系统施加的扭矩45。
图3示出由在热力发动机15和电机21之间分配扭矩的系统34所产生的扭矩定值（consigne）36，37的图线。在初始时刻t0，车辆11处于热推动模式，电驱动系统30不用于推动车辆11。热驱动系统14的扭矩定值36等于用户通过油门踏板引发的扭矩51。无信号SA激活的车辆11的行走距离D在第二条曲线上示出，在图3的三个阶段P1、P2和P3期间，距离D增大。曲线53示出热力发动机15二元状态。在初始状态t0时，热力发动机15点火。
在t1时刻，距离D超过行走距离临界值，系统34将热驱动系统14的扭矩44向电驱动系统30传递。扭矩定值36增加，扭矩定值37减小，使得扭矩44，45的和总是等于用于引发的扭矩51。阶段P2的扭矩在热力发动机15和电机21之间的传递速度优选取决于车辆11的速度49和/或车辆11的跨越坡度。为此，车辆11包括测量车辆11的跨越坡度的车辆11的传统倾斜度评估系统。
在t2时刻，热驱动系统14的扭矩44整体被传递至电驱动系统30。在P3阶段，车辆11仅由电驱动系统30推动。发动机15因而可以停止，这样可以使车辆11不再消耗碳氢燃料并且不再排放二氧化碳。本发明因而能够降低混合动力车辆的碳氢燃料消耗量和二氧化碳排放量，尤其是在4x4运行模式下。

Claims (6)

1.一种在混合动力车辆(11)的前桥总成(12)和后桥总成(13)之间分配扭矩的方法，所述混合动力车辆包括：
-能够确保对车辆(11)的车桥(12，13)的其中一个进行驱动的热力发动机(15)，
-能够确保对车辆(11)的车桥(12，13)中的另外一个进行驱动的电机(21)，以及
-测量车辆(11)的附着力的测量设备，当车辆(11)的附着力低于临界值时，所述测量设备发送附着力临界信号(SA)，
其特征在于，所述分配扭矩的方法包括以下步骤：
-估算无附着力临界信号(SA)激活的情况下车辆(11)行走的距离(D)，以及
-当所述距离(D)大于行走距离的临界值时，将热力发动机(15)施加的扭矩(44)向电机(21)传递。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述车辆(11)包括车辆跨越坡度的评估系统，扭矩(44)在热力发动机(15)和电机(21)之间的传递速度取决于所述坡度。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，扭矩(44)在热力发动机(15)和电机(21)之间的传递速度取决于车辆(11)的速度(49)。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，在扭矩(44)从热力发动机(15)向电机(21)传递期间，热力发动机(15)和电机(12)的扭矩(44，45)的和保持不变。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，当热力发动机(15)的扭矩(44)完全传递至电机(21)时，热力发动机(15)熄火。
6.一种实施根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述方法的车辆(11)。
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