CN103826817A - 用香蕉茎制造板的方法以及用如此方法生产的板 - Google Patents

用香蕉茎制造板的方法以及用如此方法生产的板 Download PDF

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CN103826817A
CN103826817A CN201280034691.6A CN201280034691A CN103826817A CN 103826817 A CN103826817 A CN 103826817A CN 201280034691 A CN201280034691 A CN 201280034691A CN 103826817 A CN103826817 A CN 103826817A
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V·哈尤特
N·凯米浓
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Abstract

本发明涉及用香蕉植株的假茎制造板的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：从香蕉假茎的中心部分切出茎秆；将茎秆切成条带；通过组装条带，使条带交叠在预定的宽度上，以形成板；以及加压所生成的板。

Description

用香蕉茎制造板的方法以及用如此方法生产的板
技术领域
本发明涉及用香蕉假茎制造板的方法，并涉及由此获得的板。这些板尤其可用作饰面板或其他装饰覆面。
背景技术
近来人们狂热对装饰的追求，提高了对新装饰材料的需求，尤其是对天然材料的需求。此外，消费者不断地关心环境和喜欢可再循环的材料，这些材料使用没有化学添加剂的非污染方法获得，更毋庸说，这样的制造允许废弃物被再循环或投入充分利用。
香蕉的生长产生大量的生物量，如果真要利用的话，这样的生物量却很少被开发。的确，在成串香蕉丰收后，假茎被割下，因为它没有固有的价值，所以，一般地留在了种植园里。香蕉假茎在地上的腐烂增加了寄生虫和疾病的传播。因此，要寻求充分利用香蕉种植废弃物的方案。
例如，已知的做法是利用香蕉假茎纤维来制造纸。因此，专利申请WO2006/029469描述了能够通过解开香蕉假茎来获得“板”的制造方法，该“板”特别可用于制造纸张或其他造纸产品。由此获得的“板”是连续的。通过所用假茎的高度和直径，可分别确定板的宽度和长度。该方法将用树干生产板的传统技术适用到香蕉假茎上，它们的组成、力学特性和含水量非常不同，香蕉假茎明显软得多且有较高的水分。因此，使用该方法要求对这些工艺技术有完善的控制，以达到所期望的结果。
发明目的
根据本发明，提出了使用香蕉废弃物尤其是香蕉假茎来简单地和尽可能生态地生产一种新材料，该材料可用于装饰的目的。
因此，本发明提出定制板（制成可变的尺寸和型式）生产的生态的方法，尤其是，板可用作饰面板，该方法从香蕉假茎中制得板，无需添加化学产品。本发明还涉及使用作为本发明主题的方法来获得的板。
发明内容
具体来说，本发明涉及用香蕉假茎制造板的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
-从香蕉假茎的中心部分切出茎秆，
-将茎秆切成条带（或薄片），
-在辊轧机中层压所获得的条带，
-通过组装条带，使得它们交叠在预定的宽度上，以形成板，
-加压和干燥所获得的板。
因此，香蕉假茎不是被“铺开”，而是切开而获得条带（或薄片）的组件，其允许形成板。通过加压彼此抵靠的条带的交叠部分，由此致使条带连接在一起，无需借助于外部添加粘结剂，这样来实施条带的组装。因此，本发明依赖于特别简单的原理。
本发明还涉及通过组装香蕉假茎的条带来获得的饰面板。
阅读以下对本发明一个特殊的非限制性的实施例的描述，将会显现出本发明其他的特征和优点。
现将参照单一的附图，其是根据本发明的板的立体图。
具体实施方式
香蕉植物（香蕉类）是生长在热带区域的单子叶植物。它们是可长到几米之高的非木质的草本植物。假茎由叶柄的质体组成。假茎内芯自身由以后会产出成串香蕉的植物茎构成。成串的香蕉在收获之后，香蕉植株就被砍倒。然后，使用构成本发明主题的方法可转化香蕉假茎。
根据本发明的方法，从假茎的内芯割出茎秆来。切割可借助于任何装置来实施，最好采用圆盘锯。也可使用其他切割装置，诸如是刀、带锯和其他刀片，以及能够从假茎中切割出茎秆来的任何装置。
因此，较佳地是，茎秆沿着假茎内芯的长度方向切割。茎秆的长度因此对应于假茎的长度。茎秆具有矩形横截面，其较长的尺度基本上对应于假茎的直径，而较短的尺度基本上对应于切割宽度。切割线相对于假茎对中，以使由此后获得的茎秆可内切在内芯之内。茎秆通过连续地切割香蕉植株的假茎来获得，使得在每一切路上切割线的位置得到优化，茎秆保持方形或矩形的横截面，且具有内切在假茎内芯之内的最佳尺寸。通过连续的切割，侧边或板条因此连续地被除去。较佳的是，最短的尺寸小于70mm，且首选为约在45和60mm之间。
本发明方法的另一替代形式是切割在前一步骤中获得的茎秆，以便获得方形横截面的茎秆，其侧边长度在约45和60mm之间。
如此获得的茎秆不管是矩形的还是方形的横截面，都被放置在支承件上，该支承件允许通过切割茎秆来切开诸条带。刀片连续的通过，使得条带一个接一个地被切开。这确保条带的厚度更加均匀，并有可能改变条带与条带之间的厚度。该切开较佳地是使用刀片系沿着纵向进行。
条带长度与茎秆长度相同，且宽度也相同，条带厚度小于10mm，厚度较佳地在1和4mm之间。令茎秆的横截面为矩形或方形，就有可能在切开步骤过程中获得完全相同的长度和宽度和厚度，它们既可相同但也可变化。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，条带然后通过辊轧机，以便从其中挤出汁水。可实现多次通过该辊轧机，以便最大程度地挤出汁水。该步骤特别重要，因为这使条带达到一定程度的机械完整性。这在组装步骤的连续搬运操作过程中可防止条带变得撕裂或损坏。
辊轧之后，条带彼此结合而交叠在预定的区域上。
“板”就定义为由如此彼此组合的条带所形成的组件。
板可由彼此平行定位的条带组成，其至少一个边缘交叠在相邻条带的一个边缘上。较佳地，该交叠区域小于10mm。
条带还可以彼此垂直地放置，以形成篮子编织的效果。交叠区域然后对应于条带的宽度。
当然，条带同样可很好地这样定位：条带形成不同的型式，诸如玉米穗的型式或设计。该型式或设计需要这样方式形成：在超过1cm2的总表面面积上，每个条带交叠在另一个条带上。由于根据本发明获得的条带具有相同的长度和宽度，所以，获得的型式非常规则，当然，也可从好几种不同的植物种类中获得，这样，可形成各种色调。
所获得的板尺寸可适合于用途。作为标准尺寸来说，根据本发明生产的板尺寸在130cm至350cm。
较佳地，于是获得较佳质量的板，条带组装在刚性板上，然后，用吸收剂层覆盖。十层的板-片-层的组件堆叠起来，然后，在压机中加压，以固定条带组件和挤出残余的水分，水分被吸收剂层吸收。吸收剂层可由任何吸收剂材料制成，其可以是棉布或织物，能够吸收水分的纸片或任何其他的物质。
替代地，每个条带可以个别地加压。
条带的组装无需添加粘结剂。
然后，使如此获得的板片干燥。干燥肯定地固定该组件。干燥可以是前面加压操作的结果，和/或包括附加的干燥步骤。
根据本发明获得的板相当柔软，并可用作覆盖板。板还具有完全规则的型式，因为每个条带的尺寸相同。
根据本发明由香蕉假茎条带制成的板可用作家具或装饰物上的饰面板。
根据最终用途，所获得的板片可安装在背衬织物上，以便加固板片或让板片用作墙的覆面。
还可对板片涂覆清漆或作保护性处理。
根据本发明，如此获得的板片可粘结到背衬上，这样，板片可用作地板覆层。
当条带的厚度小于5mm时，根据本发明获得的板片可以是透明的。然后，这些板可用来形成百叶窗、灯罩或需要让光通过的任何其他物体。
当然，本发明并不局限于所述的实施例，相反，本发明包括任何落入由权利要求书定义的发明范围之内的变型。

Claims (9)

1.一种用香蕉假茎制造板的方法，其特征在于，该方法包括以下步骤：
-从香蕉假茎的中心部分切出茎秆，
-将茎秆切成条带，
-在辊轧机中层压所获得的条带，
-通过组装条带，使得它们交叠在预定的宽度上，以形成板，
-加压和干燥所获得的板。
2.如权利要求1所述的用香蕉假茎制造板的方法，其特征在于，所述切成的条带厚度小于10mm。
3.如权利要求1所述的用香蕉假茎制造板的方法，其特征在于，组成所述板的条带在刚性板上进行组装，并用吸收性布覆盖。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
a）使用连续通过的刀片，从假茎的中心部分切出茎秆，
b）从茎秆中一个接一个地切割出条带，
c）辊轧条带以从条带中挤压出汁水，
d）通过组装条带，使它们交叠在预定的宽度上，在刚性板上形成板，
e）将吸收层添加到所形成的板上，
f）加压和干燥该板。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，同时对若干块板加压，每个板放置在刚性板和吸收层之间。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述茎秆的横截面是矩形或方形的。
7.一种用香蕉假茎获得的板，其特征在于，所述板包括根据上述任一权利要求所述的方法组装成的香蕉假茎条带。
8.如权利要求7所述的板，其特征在于，所述条带包括交叠成至少5mm的叠加部分。
9.如权利要求8所述的板，其特征在于，所述板是饰面板。
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AR087180A1 (es) 2014-02-26
MX350811B (es) 2017-09-20
AU2012282445A1 (en) 2014-02-20
US20140141208A1 (en) 2014-05-22
AU2012282445B2 (en) 2017-03-09
FR2977824B1 (fr) 2014-05-30
EP2731765A1 (fr) 2014-05-21
BR112014000680B1 (pt) 2021-09-14
US9687999B2 (en) 2017-06-27
FR2977824A1 (fr) 2013-01-18
EP2731765B1 (fr) 2017-04-05

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