CN103825066A - Simple and efficient turbulator to promote the uniform heat exchange inside the battery cooling channel - Google Patents

Simple and efficient turbulator to promote the uniform heat exchange inside the battery cooling channel Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103825066A
CN103825066A CN201310568384.2A CN201310568384A CN103825066A CN 103825066 A CN103825066 A CN 103825066A CN 201310568384 A CN201310568384 A CN 201310568384A CN 103825066 A CN103825066 A CN 103825066A
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China
Prior art keywords
bar
supporting member
flow
cooling system
battery
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Granted
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CN201310568384.2A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN103825066B (en
Inventor
C-C.苏
B.王
T.H.法斯特
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/12—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H01M10/6557—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange arranged between the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H01M10/6566—Means within the gas flow to guide the flow around one or more cells, e.g. manifolds, baffles or other barriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0043—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a simple and efficient turbulator to promote the uniform heat exchange inside a battery cooling channel. A cooling system for a battery pack includes a fluid source for providing cooling fluid and a turbulator in which the cooling fluid flows along an average flow direction. The turbulator includes a first support member, a second support member, a third support member, a first plurality of rods positioned between the first support member and the second support member, and a second plurality of rods positioned between the second and the third support members. The first plurality of rods is offset from the second plurality of rods in a direction perpendicular to the average flow direction. Finally, the first plurality of rods and the second plurality of rods disrupt fluid flow from the fluid source into non-laminar flow.

Description

For improving the simple flow spoiler efficiently of the uniform heat exchange in storage battery cooling duct
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cooling system of batteries, and relate more specifically to use the batteries of turbulent air flow cooling system.
Background technology
Just studying at present large capacity rechargeable battery is being used in motor vehicle.The final feasibility of motor vehicle depends on and significantly reduces relevant cost.The cost that reduces accumulator cell assembly is even more important.
Lithium-ions battery is the battery technology of important kind.Most of accumulator cell assemblies, including lithium-ions battery assembly, all comprise multiple independently electrochemistry list lattice batteries.Conventionally, this electrochemistry list lattice battery comprises anode and negative electrode.Conventionally, anode comprises the sheet metal or the metal forming (normally copper metal) that are coated with graphite linings.Similarly, negative electrode generally includes the sheet metal or the metal forming (normally aluminum metal) that are coated with containing lithium layer.Finally, electrochemistry list lattice battery comprises electrolyte, and it is arranged between anode and negative electrode.Terminal allows the electric energy producing to be used in external circuit.Electrochemistry list lattice battery produces electric energy by electrochemical reaction.
For high power applications, multiple battery cell batteries are utilized and are assembled in battery module.And this battery module is assembled in batteries, batteries comprises that cooling system and relevant electronic device also operate this storage battery.Cooling system generally includes multiple metals (for example, copper and/or aluminium) cooling fins, and these fins are dispersed between battery cell battery.Result be this battery module be assembled in alignment cooling fins and battery cell battery aspect very difficult.And other prior art cooling systems is utilized air coolant, this air coolant clashes into multiple scrobiculas increases air stream speed.
Therefore, need a kind of improved batteries cooling system.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides cooling system to solve one or more problems of prior art by accumulators group at least one embodiment.Cooling system comprises fluid source and the flow spoiler for cooling fluid is provided, and in flow spoiler, cooling fluid flows along mean flow direction.Flow spoiler comprises the first supporting member, the second supporting member, the 3rd supporting member, be positioned at more than first bar between the first supporting member and the second supporting member and be positioned at the second and the 3rd more than second bar between supporting member.More than first bar staggers with more than second bar in the direction perpendicular to mean flow direction.Finally, more than first bar and more than second bar are that non-laminar flow flows by the air stream disturbance from fluid source.Advantageously, the cooling system of the present embodiment and flow spoiler, increased air velocity and improved the even heat balance between the relative wall in the passage of the flow spoiler flowing at cooling fluid therein.
In another embodiment, provide the batteries that is integrated with above-mentioned cooling system.Batteries comprises multiple battery cell batteries and is arranged on the multiple flow spoilers between the contiguous battery cell battery in multiple battery cell batteries, and in flow spoiler, cooling fluid flows along mean flow direction.Each flow spoiler comprises the first supporting member, the second supporting member, the 3rd supporting member, be positioned at more than first bar between the first supporting member and the second supporting member and be positioned at the second and the 3rd more than second bar between supporting member.More than first bar staggers with more than second bar in the direction perpendicular to mean flow direction.Finally, more than first bar and more than second bar are that non-laminar flow flows by the fluid flow disturbance from fluid source.
The present invention also provides following scheme:
Scheme 1.a cooling system for batteries, this cooling system comprises:
For the fluid source of cooling fluid is provided; And
Flow spoiler, cooling fluid flows in flow spoiler along mean flow direction, and flow spoiler comprises:
The first supporting member;
The second supporting member;
The 3rd supporting member;
Be positioned at more than first bar between the first supporting member and the second supporting member; And
Be positioned at the second and the 3rd more than second bar between supporting member, more than first bar staggers with more than second bar in the direction perpendicular to mean flow direction, and more than first bar and more than second bar are that non-laminar flow flows by the fluid flow disturbance from fluid source.
Scheme 2.cooling system as described in scheme 1, wherein flow spoiler can be positioned between the first battery cell battery and the second battery cell battery, makes more than first bar approach the first battery cell battery most and more than second bar approaches the second battery cell battery most.
Scheme 3.cooling system as described in scheme 2, wherein said flow spoiler also comprises:
The 4th supporting member;
The 5th supporting member;
Be positioned at the 3rd many bars between the 3rd supporting member and the 4th supporting member; And
Be positioned at the 4th many bars between the 4th supporting member and the 5th supporting member, the 3rd many bars and the 4th many bars stagger.
Scheme 4.cooling system as described in scheme 3, wherein the 3rd many bars approach the first battery cell battery most and the 4th many bars approach the second battery cell battery most.
Scheme 5.cooling system as described in scheme 1, wherein the first supporting member and the second supporting member each be rectangle substantially.
Scheme 6.cooling system as described in scheme 1, wherein fluid source is air-source.
Scheme 7.cooling system as described in scheme 1, wherein more than first bar and more than second bar are turbulent flow by fluid flow disturbance.
Scheme 8.cooling system as described in scheme 1, wherein the each bar in more than first bar and more than second bar has circular cross section, and this cross section is with planar side and curved side.
Scheme 9.cooling system as described in scheme 1, wherein the first supporting member, the second supporting member, more than first bar and more than second bar each all comprise independently plastics.
Scheme 10.cooling system as described in scheme 1, wherein more than first bar and more than second bar each all comprise independently 10 to 30 bars.
Scheme 11.cooling system as described in scheme 1, wherein more than first bar is parallel with more than second bar substantially.
Scheme 12.cooling system as described in scheme 1, also comprises extra supporting member and extra bar.
Scheme 13.a kind of batteries, comprising:
Multiple battery cell batteries; And
Be arranged on the multiple flow spoilers between the battery cell battery of the vicinity in multiple battery cell batteries, cooling fluid flows in flow spoiler along mean flow direction, and each flow spoiler comprises:
The first supporting member;
The second supporting member;
The 3rd supporting member;
Be positioned at more than first bar between the first supporting member and the second supporting member; And
Be positioned at the second and the 3rd more than second bar between supporting member, more than first bar staggers with more than second bar in the direction perpendicular to mean flow direction, and more than first bar and more than second bar are that non-laminar flow flows by fluid flow disturbance.
Scheme 14.batteries as described in scheme 13, wherein flow spoiler can be positioned between the first battery cell battery and the second battery cell battery, makes more than first bar approach the first battery cell battery most and more than second bar approaches the second battery cell battery most.
Scheme 15.batteries as described in scheme 14, wherein said flow spoiler also comprises:
The 4th supporting member;
The 5th supporting member;
Be positioned at the 3rd many bars between the 3rd supporting member and the 4th supporting member; And
Be positioned at the 4th many bars between the 4th supporting member and the 5th supporting member, the 3rd many bars and the 4th many bars stagger.
Scheme 16.batteries as described in scheme 15, wherein the 3rd many bars approach the first battery cell battery most and the 4th many bars approach the second battery cell battery most.
Scheme 17.batteries as described in scheme 13, wherein the first supporting member, the second supporting member, more than first bar and more than second bar each all comprise independently plastics.
Scheme 18.batteries as described in scheme 13, wherein more than first bar and more than second bar each all comprise independently 10 to 30 bars.
Scheme 19.batteries as described in scheme 13, wherein more than first bar is parallel with more than second bar substantially.
Scheme 20.batteries as described in scheme 13, wherein more than first bar and more than second bar are turbulent flow by fluid flow disturbance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be by specific descriptions and accompanying drawing and by comprehend, in accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 provides the illustrating of batteries that comprises the cooling system with flow spoiler;
Fig. 2 provides illustrating of the cooling system that comprises flow spoiler;
Fig. 3 A provides the end view of the flow spoiler arranging between two battery cell batteries;
Fig. 3 B is the cross section of the bar that uses in the flow spoiler of Fig. 3 A;
Fig. 4 is the perspective view of the flow spoiler that uses in the cooling system of Fig. 1; And
Fig. 5 provides the disturbance of bar by the flow simulating of the mobile effect of Fig. 1-4 flow spoiler.
Embodiment
Specifically with reference to the at present preferred composition of the present invention, embodiment and method, this has formed the current optimal mode of the present invention of putting into practice known for inventor now.Accompanying drawing is not necessarily drawn in proportion.But, it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments are only examples of the present invention, the present invention can implement by different alternative forms.Therefore, herein in disclosed detail should not be interpreted as determinately, and be only for the representative basis of any aspect of the present invention and/or be that instruction those skilled in the art utilize representative basis of the present invention in every way.
Except pointing out clearly in example or in other place, all numerical quantities of the amount of Indicator Reaction in this manual and/or the material of use or condition should be understood to modify with the word " approximately " of describing in wide region of the present invention.Conventionally the preferably practice in described numerical limits.And, unless there is clear and definite contrary indication: one group or a class material are described as being suitable for given object related to the present invention or are preferably to imply that any two or more mixture in this group and the member in such is that be applicable to or preferred equally to this object; Acronym or other abbreviation for the first time definition be applicable to the whole follow-up use to same abbreviation herein and, add necessary modification, be applicable to the normal grammatical variants of the abbreviation of original definition; And, unless have phase counter-statement clearly, not so to the measurement of character be by for before ejusdem generis or the similar technology of reference below determine.
Concrete parts and/or condition it will also be appreciated that and the invention is not restricted to specific embodiment described below and method, because can change certainly.And term used herein is absolutely not only as determinate for describing the object of specific embodiment of the present invention.
Also must be noted that in the time using in this specification and appended claim, singulative " ", " one " and " being somebody's turn to do " comprise plural denoted object, unless clearly made other indication in context.For example, parts mentioning singulative are to be intended to comprise multiple parts.
The application in the whole text in, in the time of cf. publication, the whole of the disclosure of these open source literatures are incorporated in the application by reference, more fully to describe the state in field under the present invention.
Term " flow spoiler " refers to Laminar Flow is become to the mobile equipment of non-laminar flow, more particularly, is to become turbulent flow.
Term " Laminar Flow " refers to occur in does not has noisy fluid flow (for example, Air Flow) in parallel layer and between layer.Alternatively, " Laminar Flow " in this article by use time refer to Reynolds number be less than 1000 flow.
Term " non-laminar flow flows " refers to and is not that the fluid of laminar flow flows.Alternatively, when " non-laminar flow flow " used in this article, refer to Reynolds number and be greater than 1000 flow.
Term " turbulent flow " refers to Reynolds number and is greater than 2000 fluid and flows.Alternatively, when " turbulent flow " used in this article, refer to Reynolds number be greater than 3000 flow.
With reference to Fig. 1, provide the schematic cross-section for the cooling system of cooling accumulator group.Batteries 10 comprises multiple battery cell batteries 12.Conventionally, batteries 10 comprises the battery cell battery of from approximately 5 to approximately 25.Although the invention is not restricted to the battery cell battery of any particular type, find that lithium-ions battery list lattice battery is useful especially.The example of the battery cell battery of other type that can be utilized includes but not limited to nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH) etc.Batteries 10 also comprises flow spoiler 14, and cooling fluid flows through this flow spoiler 14 with cooling accumulator list lattice battery 12.Flow spoiler 14 is positioned between the battery cell battery of the vicinity in multiple battery cell batteries 12 or is positioned at the end of batteries 10.Batteries 10 also comprises controls electronic device 16, to provide power to electronic operation equipment (not shown).
With reference to Fig. 1-4, provide the signal explanation of the fuel cell pack cooling system of integrated above disclosed flow spoiler.Fig. 2 provides illustrating of the cooling system that comprises flow spoiler.Fig. 3 A is arranged on the end view of two flow spoilers between battery cell battery, and Fig. 3 B is the cross section that is used in the bar in flow spoiler.Fig. 4 is the perspective view of the flow spoiler that uses in the cooling system of Fig. 1.Cooling system 20 comprises for the fluid source 22 of cooling fluid to flow spoiler 14 is provided.Further, fluid source 22 is air-sources, for example fan or air blast.Cooling fluid is along mean flow direction d 1flow through flow spoiler 14 from import 24 to outlet 26.Flow spoiler 14 comprises the first supporting member 28, the second supporting member 30 and the 3rd supporting member 32.Each in supporting member 28,30,32 has length d l.Further, length d lfrom about 50-200mm.More than first bar 34 is positioned between the first supporting member 28 and the second supporting member 30.More than second bar 36 is positioned between the second supporting member 30 and the 3rd supporting member 32.Conventionally, more than first bar 34 and more than second bar 36 each comprise independently 10-30 bar.Although supporting member and bar can be formed by any suitable material, find that plastics and polymer resin are particularly useful.This polyolefinic example includes but not limited to (for example, polyethylene, polypropylene), polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene etc.Further, more than first bar 34 is parallel with more than second bar 36 substantially.More than first bar 34 with from by the inlet flow f that is formed on the passage 37 in flow spoiler ito output stream f omean flow direction f 1direction on stagger apart from d with more than second bar 36 1.Apart from d 1shi Conggan center is measured.Further, apart from d 1from about 2mm to about 10mm.Feature is that more than first bar 34 and more than second bar 36 are that non-laminar flow flows by the air stream disturbance from fluid source 22.Further, more than first bar 34 and more than second bar 36 are turbulent flow by the air stream disturbance from fluid source 22.Flow spoiler 14 is described to be positioned in battery cell battery 12 in Fig. 3 1with battery cell battery 12 2between, make more than first bar 34 approach battery cell battery 12 most 1and more than second bar 36 approaches battery cell battery 12 most 2.Although the present embodiment is not limited by the shape of cross section of bar, conventionally, cross section has planar side 38, and it is oriented to approach most battery cell battery, and circular side 40, and it is further from battery cell battery.
Still with reference to Fig. 2-4, flow spoiler 14 also comprises the 4th supporting member 44 and the 5th supporting member 46.The 3rd many bars 48 are positioned between the 3rd supporting member 32 and the 4th supporting member 44.The 4th many bars 50 are positioned between the 4th supporting member 44 and the 5th supporting member 46.As mentioned above, more than second bar 36 and the 3rd many bars 48 stagger and the 3rd many bars 48 and the 4th many bars 50 stagger.In fact, further, each multiple bars stagger apart from d with contiguous multiple bars 1.The 3rd many bars 48 approach battery cell battery 12 most 1, and the 4th many bars approach battery cell battery 12 most 2.Further, the distance d between battery cell battery wbe about 2mm to 6mm, and the height d of flow spoiler 14 hthat about 50mm is to 150mm.
With reference to Fig. 2, flow spoiler 14 also comprises extra supporting member and extra bar.For example, as shown in FIG. 2, flow spoiler 14 comprises the multiple bars 58,60,62 in the middle of supporting member 52,54,56 and described above being separately positioned on.Details about these extra supporting members and support bar is identical with above-described those.
Finally, Fig. 5 provides bar disturbance by the flow simulating of the mobile effect of the flow spoiler of Fig. 1-4.Advantageously, this simulation shows to flow and starts to depart from and become turbulent flow from bar.This departing from can realize than the mobile much better heat transfer of pure laminar flow.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention, should not be considered as these embodiment diagram and described of the present invention all may form.Or rather, the word using in specification is descriptive but not determinate word, and it should be understood that and can carry out without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention various changes.

Claims (10)

1. a cooling system for batteries, this cooling system comprises:
For the fluid source of cooling fluid is provided; And
Flow spoiler, cooling fluid flows in flow spoiler along mean flow direction, and flow spoiler comprises:
The first supporting member;
The second supporting member;
The 3rd supporting member;
Be positioned at more than first bar between the first supporting member and the second supporting member; And
Be positioned at the second and the 3rd more than second bar between supporting member, more than first bar staggers with more than second bar in the direction perpendicular to mean flow direction, and more than first bar and more than second bar are that non-laminar flow flows by the fluid flow disturbance from fluid source.
2. cooling system as claimed in claim 1, wherein flow spoiler can be positioned between the first battery cell battery and the second battery cell battery, makes more than first bar approach the first battery cell battery most and more than second bar approaches the second battery cell battery most.
3. cooling system as claimed in claim 2, wherein said flow spoiler also comprises:
The 4th supporting member;
The 5th supporting member;
Be positioned at the 3rd many bars between the 3rd supporting member and the 4th supporting member; And
Be positioned at the 4th many bars between the 4th supporting member and the 5th supporting member, the 3rd many bars and the 4th many bars stagger.
4. cooling system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the 3rd many bars approach the first battery cell battery most and the 4th many bars approach the second battery cell battery most.
5. cooling system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first supporting member and the second supporting member each be rectangle substantially.
6. cooling system as claimed in claim 1, wherein fluid source is air-source.
7. cooling system as claimed in claim 1, wherein more than first bar and more than second bar are turbulent flow by fluid flow disturbance.
8. cooling system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the each bar in more than first bar and more than second bar has circular cross section, and this cross section is with planar side and curved side.
9. cooling system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first supporting member, the second supporting member, more than first bar and more than second bar each all comprise independently plastics.
10. a batteries, comprising:
Multiple battery cell batteries; And
Be arranged on the multiple flow spoilers between the battery cell battery of the vicinity in multiple battery cell batteries, cooling fluid flows in flow spoiler along mean flow direction, and each flow spoiler comprises:
The first supporting member;
The second supporting member;
The 3rd supporting member;
Be positioned at more than first bar between the first supporting member and the second supporting member; And
Be positioned at the second and the 3rd more than second bar between supporting member, more than first bar staggers with more than second bar in the direction perpendicular to mean flow direction, and more than first bar and more than second bar are that non-laminar flow flows by fluid flow disturbance.
CN201310568384.2A 2012-11-15 2013-11-15 The simple efficient flow spoiler of the uniform heat exchange in improving accumulator cooling duct Expired - Fee Related CN103825066B (en)

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US13/677,978 US20140131015A1 (en) 2012-11-15 2012-11-15 Simple and Efficient Turbulator to Promote the Uniform Heat Exchange Inside the Battery Cooling Channel

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CN103825066B CN103825066B (en) 2016-11-23

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