CN103824503B - The experimental provision and experimental method of a kind of theory of mechanisms - Google Patents
The experimental provision and experimental method of a kind of theory of mechanisms Download PDFInfo
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- CN103824503B CN103824503B CN201410085232.1A CN201410085232A CN103824503B CN 103824503 B CN103824503 B CN 103824503B CN 201410085232 A CN201410085232 A CN 201410085232A CN 103824503 B CN103824503 B CN 103824503B
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Abstract
The present invention proposes the experimental provision and experimental method of a kind of Machine Design, and the present apparatus utilizes the unidirectional drive characteristic of flywheel, coordinates corresponding locking device, realize the rotation clockwise and anticlockwise of different parts on same axle；Different parts such as centre wheels, planet carrier, cam etc. is installed by being changed on traffic cycle, may make up three kinds of experimental provisions；This experimental method is using traffic cycle as reference system, by configuring different parts such as centre wheel, planet carrier, cam etc., component and reverse rotation reference system in rotating reference frame, component is formed relative motion and geo-stationary, epicyclic gearing ratio " reversal process " calculating, cam profile " reversal process " design and 3 kinds of linkage tempering " reversal process " " reversal process " experiment can be achieved.The present invention is that the experimental provision for realizing reversal process is initiated in theory of mechanisms, will draw and abstract analysis is intuitively realized by experimental provision and method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of experimental provision of Machine Design and experimental method, more particularly relates to a kind of reality of theory of mechanisms
Experiment device and experimental method, epicyclic gearing ratio " reversal process " calculating, cam profile " reversal process " design and connecting rod can be achieved
Mechanism tempering " reversal process " designs the experimental provision and experimental method of 3 kinds " reversal process ".
Background technology
Be used for the device and experimental method for realizing " reversal process " experiment in a kind of " theory of mechanisms ", belong to teaching experimental equipment and
Experimental method.Institution of higher education's " theory of mechanisms "（Theory of mechanics, Fundamentals of Machine Design etc.）In course, it is related to the content of " reversal process "
There are epicyclic gearing ratio " reversal process " calculating, cam profile " reversal process " design and linkage tempering " reversal process " design etc.
Content, " reversal process " they are to use relative motion principle, when taking different objects to be reference system in mechanism, the relative fortune between component
Dynamic relation keeps constant.Explained in existing teaching by drawing and abstract analysis, lack intuitively experimental provision.Therefore
It is necessary to design a kind of achievable epicyclic gearing ratio " reversal process " calculating, cam profile " reversal process " design and linkage
Tempering " reversal process " designs the experimental provision and experimental method of 3 kinds " reversal process ".
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to propose to a kind of experimental provision of theory of mechanisms and experimental method, and epicyclic gearing can be achieved
Calculated than " reversal process ", the reality of cam profile " reversal process " design and linkage tempering " reversal process " design 3 kinds " reversal process "
Experiment device and experimental method.
Adopt the following technical scheme that to achieve the above object：
A kind of experimental provision of theory of mechanisms, including station rack, foot pad, bearing, driving shaft, crank, crossbeam, traffic cycle driving-chain
Wheel, driven shaft drive sprocket, driven shaft, driven shaft fix bar, driven shaft steady pin, traffic cycle, shaft end screw, dial, axle
Neck, flat key, traffic cycle driving chain, driven shaft driving chain, traffic cycle steady pin, transmission flywheel being rotated forward, reversion is driven flywheel,
It is characterized in that：
Station rack, foot pad, crossbeam three are connected to form a door-shaped frame structure, and driving shaft and driven shaft are installed by bearing
Above framework both sides,
Rotating forward transmission flywheel is installed on driving shaft, transmission flywheel is rotated forward and use bicycle freewheel, it is internal be one by
The freewheel clutch of handle ratchet wheel mechanism composition,
Reversion transmission flywheel is also equipped with driving shaft, reversion transmission flywheel is identical with rotating forward transmission flywheel structure,
But it is reversibly mounted on driving shaft,
Crank is fixedly mounted in active shaft rear end,
Driving shaft front end is provided with centre bore, for traffic cycle steady pin to be inserted, when traffic cycle steady pin inserts it
In can fix traffic cycle, prevent traffic cycle from rotating,
Driven shaft drive sprocket is installed with driven shaft,
Traffic cycle drive sprocket is fixed together with traffic cycle, and for overall empty set on driven shaft, traffic cycle is marked with scale,
For reflecting the rotational angle of traffic cycle,
Driven shaft rear end is installed with driven shaft fix bar, and driven shaft, which fixes boom end, a perforate, on crossbeam with it is driven
Axle fix bar position of opening, which correspondingly goes out, also perforate, and driven shaft steady pin inserts corresponding on crossbeam through the perforate of driven shaft fix bar
Hole, for fixing driven shaft, prevent driven shaft from rotating,
Flat key is laid in the keyway of driven shaft front portion, driven shaft front end is provided with screwed hole of centre, passes through spiral shell with shaft end screw
Dial is fixed on driven shaft by line connection, and dial is used for the rotational angle for reflecting driven shaft,
Reversion transmission flywheel is connected by driven shaft driving chain with driven shaft drive sprocket, and crank rotates clockwise actively
During axle, 8 driven shaft drive sprockets and driven shaft is driven to rotate clockwise by driven shaft driving chain；
Rotate forward transmission flywheel by traffic cycle driving chain with traffic cycle drive sprocket to be connected, crank rotates counterclockwise actively
During axle, traffic cycle drive sprocket and traffic cycle is driven to rotate counterclockwise by traffic cycle driving chain,
Axle journal is for installing the part not rotated with driven shaft, and such as centre wheel, flat key is for connection and driven shaft
The part rotated together, such as planet carrier, cam.
The present invention realizes that the experimental provision that epicyclic gearing ratio " reversal process " calculates is configured so that：
Internal gear is fixed thereon with internal gear fixing screws on traffic cycle, planet is fixed with by flat key on driven shaft
Frame, planetary gear is installed on the axle of planet carrier, planet carrier turns clockwise with driven shaft, the axle journal position empty set of driven shaft
There is centre wheel, centre wheel rotation direction and velocity of rotation are not influenceed by driven shaft.
The present invention realizes that the experimental provision of cam profile " reversal process " design is configured so that：
Driven member guide rail is fixed thereon with guide rail fixing screws on traffic cycle, cam follower passes through driven member guide rail,
Roller is installed in cam follower end, is rubbed for reducing, and has a pencil fixes sleeve on roller center hole, can insert pencil
Enter in sleeve, for drawing cam profile, cam is fixed with by flat key on driven shaft, cam is with driven shaft dextrorotation
Turn.
The present invention realizes that the experimental provision of linkage tempering " reversal process " design is configured so that：
On traffic cycle four-bar mechanism frame is fixed with frame fixing screws through guide groove, another section of four-bar mechanism frame
Empty set is connected in the axle journal position of driven shaft, four-bar mechanism frame by hinge and rocking bar, and rocking bar passes through hinge and company
Bar is connected, and connecting rod is connected by hinge and crank, and crank is connected on driven shaft by flat key,
Another kind configures：
It is connected crank by flat key on driven shaft, crank is connected by hinge and connecting rod, and connecting rod is by hinge with shaking
Bar is connected, and rocking bar is connected by hinge and four-bar mechanism frame, and configuration tempering is used on the guide groove of connecting rod and rocking bar
Attachment screw is fixed with configuration tempering connecting rod, makes quadric chain tempering, keeps the configuration of whole double leval jib constant.
A kind of experimental method of theory of mechanisms：
The present invention realizes that the experimental method that epicyclic gearing ratio " reversal process " calculates is：
1. internal gear is fixed thereon on traffic cycle with internal gear fixing screws, planet is fixed with by flat key on driven shaft
Frame, planetary gear is installed on the axle of planet carrier, planet carrier turns clockwise with driven shaft, the axle journal position empty set of driven shaft
There is centre wheel, centre wheel rotation direction and velocity of rotation are not influenceed by driven shaft.
2. being inserted with traffic cycle steady pin in the centre bore of driving shaft, traffic cycle is fixed；
3. driven shaft steady pin is extracted from crossbeam,
4. rotate clockwise crank one week, according to epicyclic gearing than calculation formula：
SoZ3For the internal gear number of teeth, Z1Centered on tooth number, N1Centered on wheel speed, NHTurn for planet carrier
Speed, such as internal gear tooth number Z3=60, centre wheel tooth number Z1=20, when planet carrier rotates clockwise 1 week, centre wheel will turn clockwise
It is dynamic 4 weeks, it can be seen that the direction of centre wheel rotation and all numbers by 14 dials；Record driven shaft rotational angle
5. traffic cycle steady pin is extracted out of driving shaft centre bore, driven shaft steady pin is come in and gone out in crossbeam,
6. crank is rotated counterclockwise one week, according to the calculation formula of fixed shaft gear train gearratio：
SoZ3For the internal gear number of teeth, Z1Centered on tooth number, Z2For the planetary gear number of teeth, N1Centered on wheel speed,
NHFor planet carrier rotating speed, N3For internal tooth wheel speed, such as internal gear tooth number Z3=60, centre wheel tooth number Z1=20, star number of gear teeth Z2=
20, when internal gear rotates counterclockwise 1 week with rotating disk, centre wheel will rotate clockwise 3 weeks, in can be seen that by 14 dials
The direction and all numbers that heart wheel rotates；Record driven shaft rotational angle, it can be seen that the relative velocity of internal gear and centre wheel is all
4 weeks.
The present invention realizes that the experimental method of cam profile " reversal process " design is：
1. being fixed thereon driven member guide rail with guide rail fixing screws on traffic cycle, cam follower is led through driven member
Rail, cam follower end installation roller, rubs for reducing, has a pencil fixes sleeve on roller center hole, can be by lead
In insertion sleeve, for drawing cam profile, cam is fixed with by flat key on driven shaft, cam is with driven shaft up time
Pin rotates.
2. being inserted with traffic cycle steady pin in the centre bore of driving shaft, traffic cycle is fixed；
3. driven shaft steady pin is extracted from crossbeam,
4. rotating clockwise crank one week, it is observed that cam dextrorotation is circled, driven member moves up and down once,
In the actuating travel section of cam, driven member moves upwards, and in the remote section of stopping of cam, driven member is slack in peak, in cam
Reverse-running section, driven member moves downward, and in the nearly section of stopping of cam, driven member is slack in minimum point；
5. traffic cycle steady pin is extracted out of driving shaft centre bore,
6. driven shaft steady pin is come in and gone out in crossbeam,
7. a hardboard is covered on cam,
8. rotating counterclockwise crank one week, cam follower, driven member guide rail, pencil fixes sleeve all will be inverse with traffic cycle
Hour hands rotate, while cam follower, and pencil fixes sleeve moves also along driven member guide rail, under pencil will be drawn on hardboard
One closed curve, it is shaped as the equal space line of cam profile, and distance is the radius of roller, and the curve is that the theory of cam is wide
Line.
The present invention realizes that the experimental method of linkage tempering " reversal process " design is such：
1. be fixed with four-bar mechanism frame through guide groove with frame fixing screws on traffic cycle, four-bar mechanism frame it is another
Section empty set is connected in the axle journal position of driven shaft, four-bar mechanism frame by hinge and rocking bar, rocking bar by hinge and
Connecting rod is connected, and connecting rod is connected by hinge and crank, and crank is connected on driven shaft by flat key；
2. being inserted with traffic cycle steady pin in the centre bore of driving shaft, traffic cycle is fixed, extracted from crossbeam driven
Axle steady pin；
3. covering one piece of hardboard on traffic cycle, the initial orientation angle of lower crank and rocking bar is drawn on hardboard；
4. rotating clockwise one angle of crank, then the azimuth of lower crank and rocking bar is drawn on hardboard；
5. being connected crank by flat key on driven shaft, crank is connected by hinge and connecting rod, connecting rod by hinge with
Rocking bar is connected, and rocking bar is connected by hinge and four-bar mechanism frame, and configuration steel is used on the guide groove of connecting rod and rocking bar
Change attachment screw and be fixed with configuration tempering connecting rod, make quadric chain tempering, keep the configuration of whole double leval jib constant.
5. frame fixing screws are removed from traffic cycle,
6. stirring counterclockwise by the four-bar mechanism of " tempering ", crank is returned to initial position, shaken under being drawn on hardboard
The position of bar；
7. pulling down configuration tempering attachment screw, four-bar mechanism frame is pulled back into initial position, will with frame fixing screws
Four-bar mechanism frame is fixed on traffic cycle；
8. rotate clockwise one new angle of crank again, repeat 4. to 7. the step of, until drawing 3 rocking bars
Position；Hardboard is removed, the individual location point for crossing the both ends hinge centres of rocking bar draws two circles respectively, the center of circle point of the two circles
It is not the center of revolute pair between Brace Turning Center and crank and connecting rod, two round distance of center circle are crank length, two circles
The center of circle be respectively four-bar mechanism frame length and length of connecting rod with the distance of rocking bar both ends hinge centres respectively, so, realize
Known two side links corresponding angle, the problem of asking length of connecting rod and a frame linking pole length.
The invention has the advantages that and beneficial effect：
The device of the present invention utilizes the unidirectional drive characteristic of flywheel, coordinates corresponding locking device, realizes on same axle
The rotation clockwise and anticlockwise of different parts；Different parts are installed by being changed on traffic cycle, may make up three kinds of realities
Experiment device；The present invention method using traffic cycle be used as reference system, by the component in rotating reference frame and reverse rotation reference system,
Component is formed relative motion and geo-stationary, three kinds of " reversion hair " experiments can be achieved.The apparatus structure of invention is ingenious, invention
The careful uniqueness of method.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is the teaching aid transmission principle figure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the teaching aid main structure chart of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is that the present invention is used to test fundamental diagram when epicyclic gearing ratio " reversal process " calculates.
Fig. 4 is the operation principle sketch when present invention is used to test cam profile " reversal process " design.
Fig. 5 a be the present invention be used for test linkage tempering " reversal process " design when tempering before operation principle sketch.
Fig. 5 b be the present invention be used for test linkage tempering " reversal process " design when tempering after operation principle sketch
In figure：1- station racks, 2- foots pad, 3- bearings, 4- driving shafts, 5- cranks, 6- crossbeams, 7- traffic cycle drive sprockets, 8-
Driven shaft drive sprocket, 9- driven shafts, 10- driven shaft fix bars, 11- driven shaft steady pins, 12- traffic cycles, 13- shaft ends spiral shell
Nail, 14- dials, 15- axle journals, 16- flat keys, 17a- traffic cycle driving chains, 17b- driven shaft driving chains, 18- traffic cycles
Steady pin, 19- rotate forward transmission flywheel, 20- reversion transmission flywheels, 21- internal gear fixing screws, 22- internal gears, 23- planet teeth
Wheel, 24- planet carriers, 25- centre wheels, 26- cam followers, 27- driven member guide rails, 28- guide rail fixing screws, 29- rollers,
30- pencil fixes sleeves, 31- cams, 32- cranks, 33- connecting rods, 34- hinges, 35- rocking bars, 36- guide grooves, 37- four-bar mechanism machines
Frame, 38- frame fixing screws, 39- configuration tempering connecting rods, 40- configuration tempering attachment screws.
Embodiment
A kind of experimental provision of theory of mechanisms, including station rack 1, foot pad 2, bearing 3, driving shaft 4, crank 5, crossbeam 6, traffic cycle
Drive sprocket 7, driven shaft drive sprocket 8, driven shaft 9, driven shaft fix bar 10, driven shaft steady pin 11, traffic cycle 12, shaft end
Screw 13, dial 14, axle journal 15, flat key 16, traffic cycle driving chain 17a, driven shaft driving chain 17b, traffic cycle are fixed
Pin 18, rotate forward transmission flywheel 19, reversion transmission flywheel 20, it is characterised in that：
Station rack 1, foot pad 2, the three of crossbeam 6 connect to form a door-shaped frame structure, and driving shaft 4 and driven shaft 9 pass through axle
3 are held to be arranged on above framework both sides,
Rotating forward transmission flywheel 19 is installed on driving shaft 4, transmission flywheel 19 is rotated forward and uses bicycle freewheel, it is one that it is internal
The individual freewheel clutch being made up of handle ratchet wheel mechanism,
Reversion transmission flywheel 20 is also equipped with driving shaft 4, reversion transmission flywheel 20 is complete with rotating forward the transmission structure of flywheel 19
It is exactly the same, but be reversibly mounted on driving shaft 4,
Crank 5 is fixedly mounted in the rear end of driving shaft 4,
The front end of driving shaft 4 is provided with centre bore, for traffic cycle steady pin 18 to be inserted, when traffic cycle steady pin 18 is inserted
Traffic cycle 12 can wherein be fixed by entering, and prevent traffic cycle 12 from rotating,
Driven shaft drive sprocket 8 is installed with driven shaft 9,
Traffic cycle drive sprocket 7 is fixed together with traffic cycle 12, and overall empty set is on driven shaft 9, the subscript of traffic cycle 12
There is scale, for reflecting the rotational angle of traffic cycle 7,
The rear end of driven shaft 9 is installed with driven shaft fix bar 10, and there is a perforate end of driven shaft fix bar 10, on crossbeam 6
Corresponding with the position of opening of driven shaft fix bar 10 to go out also to have perforate, driven shaft steady pin 11 is inserted through the perforate of driven shaft fix bar 10
Enter corresponding aperture on crossbeam 6, for fixing driven shaft 9, prevent driven shaft 9 from rotating,
Flat key 16 is laid in 9 anterior keyway of driven shaft, the front end of driven shaft 9 is provided with screwed hole of centre, with shaft end screw 13
It is connected through a screw thread and dial 14 is fixed on driven shaft 9, dial 14 is used for the rotational angle for reflecting driven shaft 9,
Reversion transmission flywheel 20 is connected by driven shaft driving chain 17b with driven shaft drive sprocket 8, and crank 5 is clockwise
When rotating driving shaft 4, driven shaft drive sprocket 8 and driven shaft 9 is driven to rotate clockwise by driven shaft driving chain 17b；
Rotate forward transmission flywheel 19 by traffic cycle driving chain 17a with traffic cycle drive sprocket 7 to be connected, crank 5 is counterclockwise
4 when rotating driving shaft, traffic cycle drive sprocket 7 and traffic cycle 12 is driven to rotate counterclockwise by traffic cycle driving chain 17a,
Axle journal 15 be for installing the part not rotated with driven shaft 9, such as centre wheel 25, flat key 16 be used to connecting with
The part that driven shaft 9 rotates together, such as planet carrier 24, cam 31.
The present invention realizes that the experimental provision that epicyclic gearing ratio " reversal process " calculates is configured so that：
Internal gear 22 is fixed thereon with internal gear fixing screws 21 on traffic cycle 12, it is solid by flat key 16 on driven shaft 9
Planet carrier 24 is connected with, planetary gear 23 is installed on the axle of planet carrier 24, planet carrier 24 turns clockwise with driven shaft 9, from
The position of axle journal 15 of moving axis 9 is set with centre wheel 25, and the rotation direction of centre wheel 25 and velocity of rotation are not influenceed by driven shaft.
The present invention realizes that the experimental provision of cam profile " reversal process " design is configured so that：
Driven member guide rail 27 is fixed thereon with guide rail fixing screws 28 on traffic cycle 12, the driven member of cam 26 passes through driven
Part guide rail 27, the end of cam follower 26 installation roller 29, rubs for reducing, has a pencil to fix on the centre bore of roller 29
Sleeve 30, cam 31 can be fixed with by flat key 16 on driven shaft 9 by pencil insertion sleeve, for drawing cam profile, it is convex
Wheel 31 turns clockwise with driven shaft 9.
The present invention realizes that the experimental provision of linkage tempering " reversal process " design is configured so that：
On traffic cycle 12 four-bar mechanism frame 37, four-bar mechanism frame are fixed with frame fixing screws 38 through guide groove 36
37 another section of empty set has been connected in the position of axle journal 15 of driven shaft 9, four-bar mechanism frame 37 by hinge 34 with rocking bar 35
Come, rocking bar 35 is connected by hinge 34 and connecting rod 33, and connecting rod 33 is connected by hinge 34 and crank 32, and crank 32 is logical
Flat key 16 is crossed to be connected on driven shaft 9,
Another kind configures：
It is connected crank 32 by flat key 16 on driven shaft 9, crank 32 is connected by hinge 34 and connecting rod 33, connecting rod 33
Connected by hinge 34 and rocking bar 35, rocking bar 35 is connected by hinge 34 and four-bar mechanism frame 37, in connecting rod 33
Configuration tempering connecting rod 39 is fixed with 40 configuration tempering attachment screws with the guide groove 36 of rocking bar 35, makes quadric chain steel
Change, keep the configuration of whole double leval jib constant.
A kind of experimental method of theory of mechanisms：
The present invention realizes that the experimental method that epicyclic gearing ratio " reversal process " calculates is：
1. internal gear 22 is fixed thereon on traffic cycle 12 with internal gear fixing screws 21, pass through flat key 16 on driven shaft 9
Planet carrier 24 is fixed with, planetary gear 23 is installed on the axle of planet carrier 24, planet carrier 24 turns clockwise with driven shaft 9,
The position of axle journal 15 of driven shaft 9 is set with centre wheel 25, and the rotation direction of centre wheel 25 and velocity of rotation are not influenceed by driven shaft.
2. being inserted with traffic cycle steady pin 18 in the centre bore of driving shaft 4, traffic cycle 12 is fixed；
3. driven shaft steady pin 11 is extracted from crossbeam 6,
4. rotate clockwise crank 5 one weeks, according to epicyclic gearing than calculation formula：
SoZ3For the internal gear number of teeth, Z1Centered on tooth number, N1Centered on wheel speed, NHTurn for planet carrier
Speed, such as internal gear tooth number Z3=60, centre wheel tooth number Z1=20, when planet carrier rotates clockwise 1 week, centre wheel will turn clockwise
It is dynamic 4 weeks, by dial 14 it can be seen that the direction of centre wheel rotation and all numbers；Record driven shaft rotational angle
5. the steady pin of traffic cycle 18 is extracted out of driving shaft 4 centre bore, driven shaft steady pin 11 is come in and gone out crossbeam 6
It is interior,
6. crank is rotated counterclockwise 5 one weeks, according to the calculation formula of fixed shaft gear train gearratio：
SoZ3For the internal gear number of teeth, Z1Centered on tooth number, Z2For the planetary gear number of teeth, N1Centered on wheel speed,
NHFor planet carrier rotating speed, N3For internal tooth wheel speed, such as internal gear tooth number Z3=60, centre wheel tooth number Z1=20, star number of gear teeth Z2=
20, when internal gear rotates counterclockwise 1 week with rotating disk, centre wheel will rotate clockwise 3 weeks, in can be seen that by 14 dials
The direction and all numbers that heart wheel rotates；Record driven shaft rotational angle, it can be seen that the relative velocity of internal gear and centre wheel is all
4 weeks.
The present invention realizes that the experimental method of cam profile " reversal process " design is：
1. driven member guide rail 27 is fixed thereon with guide rail fixing screws 28 on traffic cycle 12, cam follower 26 pass through from
Moving part guide rail 27, the end of cam follower 26 installation roller 29, rubs for reducing, has a pencil to consolidate on the centre bore of roller 29
Determine sleeve 30, cam 31 can be fixed with by flat key 16 on driven shaft 9 by pencil insertion sleeve, for drawing cam profile,
Cam 31 turns clockwise with driven shaft 9.
2. being inserted with traffic cycle steady pin 18 in the centre bore of driving shaft 4, traffic cycle 12 is fixed；
3. driven shaft steady pin 11 is extracted from crossbeam 6,
4. rotating clockwise crank 5 one weeks, it is observed that cam dextrorotation is circled, driven member moves up and down one
Secondary, in the actuating travel section of cam, driven member moves upwards, and in the remote section of stopping of cam, driven member is slack in peak, convex
The reverse-running section of wheel, driven member move downward, and in the nearly section of stopping of cam, driven member is slack in minimum point；
5. traffic cycle steady pin 18 is extracted out of driving shaft 4 centre bore,
6. driven shaft steady pin 11 is come in and gone out in crossbeam 6,
7. a hardboard is covered on cam,
8. rotating counterclockwise crank 5 one weeks, cam follower 26, driven member guide rail 27, pencil fixes sleeve 30 all will be with
Traffic cycle 12 rotates counterclockwise, while cam follower 26, and pencil fixes sleeve 30 moves also along driven member guide rail 27, pencil
Next closed curve will be drawn on hardboard, it is shaped as the equal space line of cam profile, apart from the radius for being roller, the curve
The as pitch curve of cam.
The present invention realizes that the experimental method of linkage tempering " reversal process " design is such：
1. it is fixed with four-bar mechanism frame 37, four-bar mechanism machine through guide groove 36 with frame fixing screws 38 on traffic cycle 12
Another section of empty set of frame 37 is connected in the position of axle journal 15 of driven shaft 9, four-bar mechanism frame 37 by hinge 34 with rocking bar 35
Get up, rocking bar 35 is connected by hinge 34 and connecting rod 33, and connecting rod 33 is connected by hinge 34 and crank 32, crank 32
It is connected in by flat key 16 on driven shaft 9；
2. being inserted with traffic cycle steady pin 18 in the centre bore of driving shaft 4, traffic cycle 12 is fixed, pulled out from crossbeam 6
Go out driven shaft steady pin 11；
3. covering one piece of hardboard on traffic cycle 12, the initial orientation angle of lower crank and rocking bar is drawn on hardboard；
4. rotating clockwise 5 one angles of crank, then the azimuth of lower crank and rocking bar is drawn on hardboard；
5. being connected crank 32 by flat key 16 on driven shaft 9, crank 32 is connected by hinge 34 and connecting rod 33, connecting rod
33 are connected by hinge 34 and rocking bar 35, and rocking bar 35 is connected by hinge 34 and four-bar mechanism frame 37, in connecting rod
33 and rocking bar 35 guide groove 36 on configuration tempering attachment screw 40 be fixed with configuration tempering connecting rod 39, make quadric chain steel
Change, keep the configuration of whole double leval jib constant.
5. frame fixing screws 38 are removed from traffic cycle 12,
6. stirring counterclockwise by the four-bar mechanism of " tempering ", crank 32 is set to return to initial position, under being drawn on hardboard
The position of rocking bar 35；
7. pulling down configuration tempering attachment screw 40, four-bar mechanism frame 37 is pulled back into initial position, spiral shell is fixed with frame
Four-bar mechanism frame 37 is fixed on traffic cycle 12 by nail 38；
8. rotate clockwise 5 one new angles of crank again, repeat 4. to 7. the step of, shaken until drawing 3
The position of bar 35；Hardboard is removed, 3 location points for crossing the center of both ends hinge 34 of rocking bar 35 draw two circles respectively, the two
The round center of circle is the center of revolute pair between Brace Turning Center and crank and connecting rod respectively, and two round distance of center circle are crank 32
Length, distance of two round centers of circle respectively with the both ends hinge centres of rocking bar 35 is respectively the length of four-bar mechanism frame 37 and connecting rod
33 length, so, known two side link corresponding angles are realized, the problem of asking length of connecting rod and a frame linking pole length.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method that theory of mechanisms experimental provision is tested, realize that epicyclic gearing ratio " reversal process " calculates, its step
For：
A, station rack (1), foot pad (2), crossbeam (6) three connect to form a door-shaped frame structure, driving shaft (4) and driven shaft
(9) it is arranged on by bearing (3) above framework both sides,
Rotating forward transmission flywheel (19) is installed on driving shaft (4), transmission flywheel (19) is rotated forward and uses bicycle freewheel, be inside it
One freewheel clutch being made up of handle ratchet wheel mechanism,
Reversion transmission flywheel (20) is also equipped with driving shaft (4), reversion transmission flywheel (20) is tied with rotating forward transmission flywheel (19)
Structure is identical, but is reversibly mounted on driving shaft (4),
Crank (5) is fixedly mounted in driving shaft (4) rear end,
Driving shaft (4) front end is provided with centre bore, for traffic cycle steady pin (18) to be inserted, when traffic cycle steady pin (18)
It is inserted that traffic cycle (12) can be fixed, prevents traffic cycle (12) from rotating,
Driven shaft drive sprocket (8) is installed with driven shaft (9),
Traffic cycle drive sprocket (7) is fixed together with traffic cycle (12), and overall empty set is on driven shaft (9), traffic cycle (12)
Scale is marked with, for reflecting the rotational angle of traffic cycle (12),
Driven shaft (9) rear end is installed with driven shaft fix bar (10), and there are perforate, crossbeam in driven shaft fix bar (10) end
(6) also there is perforate with driven shaft fix bar (10) position of opening corresponding position on, driven shaft steady pin (11) is fixed through driven shaft
Corresponding aperture on bar (10) perforate insertion crossbeam (6), for fixing driven shaft (9), prevent driven shaft (9) from rotating,
Flat key (16) is laid in driven shaft (9) anterior keyway, driven shaft (9) front end is provided with screwed hole of centre, with shaft end screw
(13) it is connected through a screw thread and dial (14) is fixed on driven shaft (9), dial (14) is used to reflect turning for driven shaft (9)
Dynamic angle,
Reversion transmission flywheel (20) is connected by driven shaft driving chain (17b) with driven shaft drive sprocket (8), and crank (5) is suitable
When hour hands rotate driving shaft (4), drive driven shaft drive sprocket (8) and driven shaft (9) suitable by driven shaft driving chain (17b)
Hour hands rotate；
Rotate forward transmission flywheel (19) by traffic cycle driving chain (17a) with traffic cycle drive sprocket (7) to be connected, crank (5) is inverse
When hour hands rotate driving shaft (4), traffic cycle drive sprocket (7) and traffic cycle (12) are driven by traffic cycle driving chain (17a)
Rotate counterclockwise,
Axle journal (15) be used for install not with driven shaft (9) rotate centre wheel (25), flat key (16) be used for connect with it is driven
The planet carrier (24) or cam (31) that axle (9) rotates together,
Internal gear (22) is fixed thereon on traffic cycle (12) with internal gear fixing screws (21), driven shaft passes through flat key on (9)
(16) planet carrier (24) is fixed with, planetary gear (23) is installed on the axle of planet carrier (24), planet carrier (24) is with driven shaft (9) one
Rise and turn clockwise, axle journal (15) position of driven shaft (9) is set with centre wheel (25), centre wheel (25) rotation direction and rotation
Speed is not influenceed by driven shaft,
B, inserted with traffic cycle steady pin (18) in the centre bore of driving shaft (4), traffic cycle (12) is fixed；
C, driven shaft steady pin (11) is extracted from crossbeam (6),
D, rotate clockwise crank (5) one weeks, according to epicyclic gearing than calculation formula：Institute
WithZ3For the internal gear number of teeth, Z1Centered on tooth number, N1Centered on wheel speed, NHFor planet carrier rotating speed, such as
Internal gear tooth number Z3=60, centre wheel tooth number Z1=20, when planet carrier rotates clockwise 1 week, centre wheel will rotate clockwise 4
Week, by dial (14) it can be seen that the direction of centre wheel rotation and all numbers；Driven shaft rotational angle is recorded,
E, traffic cycle steady pin (18) is extracted out of driving shaft (4) centre bore, driven shaft steady pin (11) is inserted into crossbeam
(6) in,
F, crank is rotated counterclockwise (5) one weeks, according to the calculation formula of fixed shaft gear train gearratio：
SoZ3For the internal gear number of teeth, Z1Centered on tooth number, Z2For the planetary gear number of teeth, N1Centered on rotate
Speed, NHFor planet carrier rotating speed, N3For internal tooth wheel speed, such as internal gear tooth number Z3=60, centre wheel tooth number Z1=20, planetary gear
Tooth number Z2=20, when internal gear rotates counterclockwise 1 week with rotating disk, centre wheel will rotate clockwise 3 weeks, pass through dial (14)
It can be seen that direction and all numbers of centre wheel rotation；Record driven shaft rotational angle, it can be seen that the phase of internal gear and centre wheel
All it is 4 weeks to speed.
2. the method that a kind of theory of mechanisms experimental provision as claimed in claim 1 is tested, realizes cam profile " reversal process "
Design, its step are：
A, driven member guide rail (27) is fixed thereon with guide rail fixing screws (28) on traffic cycle (12), cam follower (26) is worn
Driven member guide rail (27) is crossed, cam follower (26) end installation roller (29), is rubbed for reducing, on roller (29) centre bore
There is a pencil fixes sleeve (30), can be by pencil insertion sleeve, for drawing cam profile, by flat on driven shaft (9)
Key (16) is fixed with cam (31), and cam (31) turns clockwise with driven shaft (9),
B, inserted with traffic cycle steady pin (18) in the centre bore of driving shaft (4), traffic cycle (12) is fixed；
C, driven shaft steady pin (11) is extracted from crossbeam (6),
D, crank is rotated clockwise (5) one weeks, it is observed that cam dextrorotation is circled, cam follower moves down on (26)
Dynamic once in the actuating travel section of cam, cam follower (26) moves upwards, in the remote section of stopping of cam, cam follower (26)
Slack in peak, in the reverse-running section of cam, cam follower (26) moves downward, in the nearly section of stopping of cam, cam
Driven member (26) is slack in minimum point；
E, traffic cycle steady pin (18) is extracted out of driving shaft (4) centre bore,
F, driven shaft steady pin (11) is inserted in crossbeam (6),
G, a hardboard is covered on cam,
H, crank is rotated counterclockwise (5) one weeks, cam follower (26), driven member guide rail (27), pencil fixes sleeve (30) is all
It will be rotated counterclockwise with traffic cycle (12), while cam follower (26), pencil fixes sleeve (30) is also along driven member guide rail
(27) mobile, pencil will draw next closed curve on hardboard, and it is shaped as the equal space line of cam profile, and distance is roller
Radius, the curve is the pitch curve of cam.
3. the method that a kind of theory of mechanisms experimental provision as claimed in claim 1 is tested, realize " the reversion of linkage tempering
Method " designs, and its step is：
A, four-bar mechanism frame (37), four bar machines are fixed with through guide groove (36) with frame fixing screws (38) on traffic cycle (12)
The other end empty set of structure frame (37) passes through hinge (34) in axle journal (15) position of driven shaft (9), four-bar mechanism frame (37)
Connected with rocking bar (35), rocking bar (35) is connected by hinge (34) and connecting rod (33), and connecting rod (33) passes through hinge
(34) connected with crank (32), crank (32) is connected on driven shaft (9) by flat key (16)；
B, inserted in the centre bore of driving shaft (4), traffic cycle (12) is fixed, from crossbeam (6) with traffic cycle steady pin (18)
Upper extraction driven shaft steady pin (11)；
C, one piece of hardboard is covered on traffic cycle (12), the initial orientation angle of lower crank and rocking bar is drawn on hardboard；
D, (5) angles of crank are rotated clockwise, then the azimuth of lower crank and rocking bar is drawn on hardboard；
E, it is connected on driven shaft (9) by the connected crank (32) of flat key (16), crank (32) by hinge (34) with connecting rod (33)
Get up, connecting rod (33) is connected by hinge (34) and rocking bar (35), and rocking bar (35) passes through hinge (34) and four-bar mechanism machine
Frame (37) is connected, and structure is fixed with configuration tempering attachment screw (40) on the guide groove (36) of connecting rod (33) and rocking bar (35)
Shaped steel connecting rod (39), makes quadric chain tempering, keeps the configuration of whole double leval jib constant；
F, frame fixing screws (38) are removed from traffic cycle (12),
G, stir by the four-bar mechanism of " tempering " counterclockwise, crank (32) is returned to initial position, shaken under being drawn on hardboard
The position of bar (35)；
H, configuration tempering attachment screw (40) is pulled down, four-bar mechanism frame (37) is pulled back into initial position, spiral shell is fixed with frame
Four-bar mechanism frame (37) is fixed on traffic cycle (12) by nail (38)；
I, (5) new angles of crank, repeat step D to G, the position until drawing 3 rocking bars (35) are rotated clockwise again
Put；Hardboard is removed, 3 location points for crossing both ends hinge (34) center of rocking bar (35) draw two circles respectively, the two circles
The center of circle is the center of revolute pair between Brace Turning Center and crank and connecting rod respectively, and two round distance of center circle are crank (32)
Length, two round centers of circle be respectively with the distance of rocking bar (35) both ends hinge centres respectively four-bar mechanism frame (37) length and
Connecting rod (33) length.
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| CN104021720B (en) * | 2014-06-10 | 2016-05-25 | 上海理工大学 | Cyclic train experiment teaching aid |
| CN104123877B (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2016-12-07 | 龙岩学院 | A kind of cam mechanism displacement-profile generates demonstrator |
| CN104064104B (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2016-05-18 | 辽宁科技大学 | A kind of cyclic train reversal process teaching aid |
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| CN104282218B (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2017-11-07 | 浙江理工大学 | A kind of many mechanism single model teaching aids for theory of mechanics reversal process |
| CN104299508B (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2016-05-18 | 西安科技大学 | Cam profile curve is drawn demonstrator |
| CN104346990B (en) * | 2014-11-23 | 2018-02-13 | 李华良 | Train teaching aid |
| CN106205342A (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2016-12-07 | 南京农业大学 | Cam mechanism demonstrator |
| CN104952351A (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2015-09-30 | 刘晓 | Planet gear driven cam inverse rotation demonstration instrument |
| CN106875821A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-06-20 | 大连交通大学 | reversal process demonstration teaching aid |
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