CN103824226A - Ploughing function evaluating method based on GIS (geographic information system) - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a ploughing function evaluating method based on a GIS (geographic information system). The ploughing function evaluating method based on the GIS comprises the following steps: a, determining a regional ploughing function evaluation target, and respectively selecting representative single-factor evaluation indexes of a ploughing function; b, quantitatively evaluating and calculating the single-factor evaluation indexes by Excel, and meanwhile, vectorizing data obtained from calculation by GIS software; c, grading the data obtained by calculation, endowing the data with corresponding scores, converting the vectorized data into grid data by the GIS software so as to form an evaluation factor diagram; d, carrying out spatial overlay analysis on the evaluation factor grid data by the GIS software, and converting the grid data into vectorized data so as to obtain the comprehensive score of ploughing function; e, dividing functional grades of the comprehensive score; and f, drawing a ploughing functional distribution chart according to the dividing result. The evaluation method confirms the distribution characteristic of the regional ploughing function by quantitatively analyzing the space-time evolution differential principle of the regional ploughing function, so that the comprehensive evaluation of the ploughing multi-function is realized, and an objective ploughing function evaluation result can be generated.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to land investigation and evaluation field, specifically refer to the method for utilizing GIS technology to carry out cultivated land function quantitative evaluation.
[background technology]
Land Use scientific domain has the description about land function very early, but lack always, soil is utilized to multi-functional synthetic study.Be worth for rebuilding cultivated land resource, in cultivated land protection utilization research in recent years, start cultivated land function to launch relevant research both at home and abroad.
From definition, cultivated land function refers to that Agricultural land system provides the ability that meets human survival and the required output of development, is the tie of contact Agricultural land system output and cultivated land utilization correlated activation.
Along with economic fast development, the functional trend in arable land is in diversification, but the base attribute of cultivated land resource is to have production function, function of society security and ecological functions.Wherein production function and function of society security are all take Agricultural Output as carrier, and production function refers to arable land output grain and meets population demand in region, feasible region grain security; Function of society security refers to agricultural population and obtains certain income by plant husbandry, meets living needs; Ecological functions are the intrinsic auxiliary functions of cultivated land resource.
The calculating of Ecosystem Services Value has obtained breakthrough from the later stage nineties 20th century.The paper of delivering on Nature with Costanza etc. is in the world the most noticeable, and to evaluation of ecosystem services, research has produced profound influence.The research of domestic evaluation of ecosystem services is carried out more late, but development in recent years is very fast, Ou Yangzhiyun, Chen Zhongxin, thanks to highland etc. and has done a large amount of research.Wherein thank to highland on the basis of the evaluation model of the propositions such as Costanza, to domestic 200 multidigits, ecological scholars have carried out survey, have proposed " Chinese different terrestrial ecosystems unit area Ecosystem Service Value tables ".
But, both at home and abroad about the computing method of cultivated land function are not yet unified.The people such as Huang Xianjin and Qu Futian is the income method of reducing that adopt " discounting " on accounting method more, from the Ecosystem Service of cultivated land resource and the impact fraction evaluation aspect of value, indivedual factors are carried out to weight adjustment, to calculate total value.The people such as Cai Yunlong are comprehensively to the economy of ploughing, ecology, and social function is worth and adjusts, but just carries out calculating after simple modifications the value of resource, does not propose the algorithm that concrete cultivated land resource Ecosystem Service Value and social function are worth.Liu Pei is analyzing on the basis of cultivated land function, take Shaodong County, Hunan Province as example, select ten to evaluate the factor, adopt analytical hierarchy process to determine the weighted value of evaluating the factor, use many index comprehensives score evaluation assessment, cultivated land function is carried out to individual event and comprehensive grading, but some function assessment index does not reflect the value of cultivated land function system, thereby cogency is not strong; Do not adopt GIS technology to carry out spatial analysis, evaluate the factor and evaluation result and do not realize geographical space and express, an evaluation of estimate is often only in the whole county, otherness that cannot viewing area.
In sum, cultivated land function research has had relevant development at home and abroad, and obtains certain achievement.Chinese scholar is progressively moved towards multifactor, multi-functional value accounting from single land output income retrieving algorithm at present for the exploration of cultivated land function value accounting.And in the domestic interactive relationship analysis and land use planning that also has the urbanization of being applied to and cultivated land utilization.Studies have shown that, in view of the complicacy of cultivated land utilization system, design proposal to cultivated land function classification is perfect not enough, need from now on systematically to set up a widely accepted cultivated land function taxonomic hierarchies of energy more comprehensively, adopt scientific and reasonable technical method, carry out cultivated land function quantitative evaluation research, reaction cultivated land function Spatio-temporal Evolution rule.But not yet have at present to this research carried out systematic generalization and formulated as a set of complete method system.
Along with urbanization and industrialized continuous aggravation; the continuous enhancing of people's environment and ecology protection consciousness; and improving constantly living environment quality requirement; strict construction occupies cultivated land; strengthening arable land multifunction protection becomes the vital task of current governments at all levels; impel cultivated land function to evaluate this recent studies on field and suddenly wait to enrich, enrich with perfect.Therefore, on the basis of forefathers research, adopt a kind of scientific comprehensive cultivated land function evaluation method of GIS technological development, and enable efficient, economical, convenient, be applicable to China's cultivated land utilization fast and manage, there is very important realistic meaning.
[summary of the invention]
The present invention is directed to the existing deficiency of method for quantitatively evaluating of existing cultivated land function, a kind of GIS of utilization technology is provided, can be according to the formation mechanism of cultivated land function, analyzed area cultivated land function Spatio-temporal Evolution differentiation rule, specify the distribution characteristics of specific region cultivated land function, realize the multi-functional comprehensive evaluation of ploughing.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A cultivated land function evaluation method based on GIS, comprises the steps:
A. according to the comprehensive evaluation target of Cultivated land economic output function, ecological functions and social bearing function, calmodulin binding domain CaM nature, economy, social condition, determine evaluation unit, chooses the representative single-factor evaluation index of each cultivated land function;
B. utilize Excel single-factor evaluation index to be carried out to mean value calculation or the region mean value calculation of evaluation index per capita of region unit's cultivated area evaluation index, utilize GIS software to carry out vector quantization to calculating the data that obtain simultaneously;
C. the vector quantization data that step b calculated take to ask the method for median for dividing foundation in Excel, divide four grades (excellent, good, in, poor), give corresponding score value 4,3,2,1, utilize GIS software to convert each score value to raster data by vector data simultaneously, form and evaluate level of factor figure, that legend can be set to is excellent, good, in, poor level Four;
D. utilize GIS software that the evaluation factor raster data of step c is carried out to space superposition calculation, and convert the raster data of this result of calculation to vector data, obtain the comprehensive scores of survey region cultivated land function;
E. utilize GIS software that the comprehensive scores in steps d is carried out to partition functionality grade;
F. utilize GIS software to make cultivated land function distribution plan according to the result of the partition functionality grade in step e.
Further, while utilizing Excel to calculate the single-factor evaluation index value of averaging in described step b, be included in newly-built worksheet * .xls file in Excel, set up many-one relationship tables of data, wherein first classify evaluation unit title as, all the other respectively classify the calculated value of each single-factor evaluation index as, and * .dbf file will save File As.
Further, the process of utilizing GIS software to carry out vector quantization to data in described step b comprises: in GIS software, open ArcMAP module, click Add Data order Adding Area administrative map, click Open Attribute Table and open attribute list, according to the tables of data in * .dbf file, click newly-increased 6 fields of Add Field, title is identical with evaluation index, field type meets data type requirement, click Joins and Relates and be called the tables of data in public field link * .dbf file with administrative name, click Field Calculator calculates each evaluation index according to each field name and equals the numerical value in mapping table, complete the vector quantization of evaluation index.
Further, the process of utilizing GIS software to convert each score value to raster data by vector data in described step c comprises: in GIS software, click newly-increased 5 fields of Add Field, the score value of giving is added, in Spatial Analyst module, click Convert order, select Features to Raster to convert each new field vector data to raster data.
Further, the process of utilizing GIS software to carry out space superposition calculation in described steps d comprises: in Spatial Analyst module, click Raster Calculator order, adopt the computing method of direct iteration method or WSM, the evaluation factor raster data of step c is carried out to space superposition calculation; The process that in described steps d, raster data converts vector data to comprises: click Convert order, selection Raster to Features converts the raster data of this result of calculation to vector data.
Further, the process of utilizing GIS software to carry out partition functionality grade in described step e comprises: in Spatial Analyst module, click Reclassify order, the comprehensive scores in steps d is carried out to partition functionality grade, select Manual method to divide four ranks.
Further, the process of utilizing GIS software to make cultivated land function distribution plan in described step f comprises: click Insert order at Layout View window, select respectively to add title, north arrow, engineer's scale, legend, according to the result output cultivated land function distribution plan of the partition functionality grade in step e.
Further, in described step a, the representative single-factor evaluation index of Cultivated land economic output function is unit cultivated area total output of grain and Per Unit Area Grain Yield, and it is different that various places differ, no standard bound; The representative single-factor evaluation index of the ecological functions of ploughing in described step a is per capita cultivated land's Ecosystem Services Value, and it is different that various places differ, no standard bound; The representative single-factor evaluation index of social bearing function of ploughing in described step a is the unit cultivated area general production value of agriculture and per capita cultivated land's occupancy volume, and it is different that various places differ, no standard bound.
Further, the grade classification of described step c is according to the Normal Distribution Characteristics of each single-factor achievement data, the influence mode of simultaneously considering each factor pair cultivated land function with affect intensity as with reference to foundation.
Further, the Performance Level in described step e is divided into lower type, a high type, two high types and three high types, and poor according to comprehensive scores maximal value and minimum value divided equally the quartern, divides successively from low to high respective level.
Because the score value of the above-mentioned evaluation factor calculating is according to natural, the economy in concrete region, social condition, sort from high in the end according to all kinds of evaluation factors result of calculation in Excel, and seek the opinion of relevant expert suggestion determine, therefore can realize to region Agricultural land system carry out comprehensively, science, comprehensively evaluation.
Cultivated land function evaluation method of the present invention is according to the formation mechanism of cultivated land function, determine specific function type, select corresponding evaluation index, use GIS technology to set up comprehensive assessment indicator system, by the Spatio-temporal Evolution differentiation rule of analyzed area cultivated land function, specify the distribution characteristics of specific region cultivated land function, realize multi-functional to ploughing, to evaluate factor comprehensive evaluation more.
Evaluation method of the present invention can be widely used in the planning such as agricultural industry distribution adjustment, Landscape Ecological Design, Basic Farmland Conservation Zones delimitation, soil utilization, land control and bio-diversity conservation, have comprehensive, comprehensive, scientifical, applied widely, be applicable to the advantages such as any region cultivated land function evaluation.
[accompanying drawing explanation]
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of evaluation method of the present invention;
Fig. 2-a is the cultivated land function distribution plan of 1973;
Fig. 2-b is the cultivated land function distribution plan of 1988;
Fig. 2-c is the cultivated land function distribution plan of 1998;
Fig. 2-d is the cultivated land function distribution plan of 2008.
[embodiment]
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in detail to explanation.
Embodiment 1
Shown in Fig. 1,
A kind of cultivated land function evaluation method based on GIS of the present invention, comprises the steps:
A. in " cultivated land function identification " step, according to cultivated land function evaluation objective, determine the multi-functional evaluation of ploughing, carry out comprehensive evaluation from production, social security and ecological three aspects: complete function, be identification of function.Also can select arbitrarily single functional evaluation or two aspects wherein to carry out multi-functional evaluation according to the difference of evaluation objective.Production function, function of society security and the ecological functions that the present invention is defined as being ploughed in XiangZhou, Zhuhai City district, Doumen District, the Jinwan District multifunctional quantitatively evaluation of ploughing.
B. in " evaluation index selection " step, for above-mentioned three cultivated land function types, choose respectively representative single-factor evaluation index, wherein:
Arable land production function has been chosen " unit cultivated area total output of grain " and " Per Unit Area Grain Yield " as its single-factor evaluation index; Arable land function of society security has been chosen " the unit cultivated area general production value of agriculture " and " per capita cultivated land's occupancy volume " as its single-factor evaluation index; Arable land ecological functions are chosen " per capita cultivated land's Ecosystem Services Value " as its single-factor evaluation index.
C. in the step of " assessment indicator system ", the three aspects: single-factor evaluation index of assessment indicator system is carried out the mean value of unit cultivated area evaluation index or the calculating of the mean value of evaluation index per capita by Excel, obtains the 1973-2008 Zhuhai City cultivated land function index of table 1.
Wherein, " Ecosystem Services Value " is the 6114.3 yuan/hm of value of ecosystem service unit price that quotes the farmland in " the Chinese different terrestrial ecosystems unit area Ecosystem Service Value tables " of thanking to highland proposition in background technology
2as evaluating.
D. in the step of " classification standard division ", the functional parameter of above-mentioned three class single-factor evaluation indexes is divided respectively to four grades successively according to order from high to low, give corresponding score value 4,3,2,1, the different cultivated land function index score values that obtain table 2 are divided, GIS software converts the polar plot in step c to grid map, obtains evaluating factor rating figure.
Wherein, grade classification according to being Normal Distribution Characteristics according to each achievement data, the influence mode that simultaneously will consider each factor pair cultivated land function with affect intensity.The higher grade of division score value represents that production function, function of society security and the Ecosystem Service resultant effect of cultivated land utilization performance is more powerful.
E. in the step of " the evaluation factor map overlay based on GIS calculates ", according to the weighted of each single-factor evaluation index, carry out the calculating of figure layer, stack at GIS platform, the evaluation factor grid map of above-mentioned three major types single-factor evaluation number is carried out to space stack by the computing method of direct iteration method or WSM, then convert grid map to polar plot, obtain the comprehensive scores of the cultivated land function index in XiangZhou, Zhuhai City, sluice gate, Jin Wansange district, i.e. the different times cultivated land function index score value of table 3.
Wherein, two indexs of " production function " and " function of society security " adopt and respectively get 50% WSM calculating comprehensive scores its single-factor index; " ecological functions " only select an index, employing direct iteration method calculating comprehensive scores.
F. above-mentioned comprehensive scores is divided into lower type, a high type, two high types and four Performance Levels of three high types, obtains the different brackets cultivated land function index comprehensive score value of table 4.
G. " " in step, GIS platform is made the cultivated land function distribution plan of Fig. 2 a-d to cultivated land function grade figure according to above-mentioned comprehensive scores division result.
Table 1 is 1973-2008 Zhuhai City's cultivated land function indexs:
Table 3 is different times cultivated land function index comprehensive score value:
Table 4 is different brackets cultivated land function index comprehensive score value:
Associative list 3,4 and Fig. 2 a-d analyze, and can find:
Each district of 1973-2008 Zhuhai City cultivated land function presents different Changing Pattern.Wherein Doumen District cultivated land function presents the changes of function feature that the high type of high type-mono-of high type-tri-of two high type-two is fallen after rising, Jinwan District cultivated land function presents the changes of function feature that high type-mono-of three high type-two high type-lower type obviously declines, and Xiangzhou District cultivated land function keeps the development trend of lower type always.This shows, Zhuhai City's cultivated land function is accompanied by the environmental change of socio-economic development, cultivated land occupancy constantly aggravates, production function, function of society security and Ecosystem Service Ge district that arable land is risen all present downtrending, Jinwan District decline rate is the fastest, next is Doumen District, and Xiangzhou District is along with the minimizing of cultivated area, and cultivated land function faces the situation disappearing.
The announcement of book and instruction according to the above description, those skilled in the art in the invention can also change and revise above-mentioned embodiment, therefore do not limit protection scope of the present invention with this embodiment.
Claims (10)
1. the cultivated land function evaluation method based on GIS, is characterized in that:
Comprise the steps:
A. according to the comprehensive evaluation target of Cultivated land economic output function, ecological functions and social bearing function, calmodulin binding domain CaM nature, economy, social condition, determine evaluation unit, chooses the representative single-factor evaluation index of each cultivated land function;
B. utilize Excel single-factor evaluation index to be carried out to mean value calculation or the region mean value calculation of evaluation index per capita of region unit's cultivated area evaluation index, utilize GIS software to carry out vector quantization to calculating the data that obtain simultaneously;
C. the vector quantization data that step b calculated take to ask the method for median for dividing foundation in Excel, divide four grades (excellent, good, in, poor), give corresponding score value 4,3,2,1, utilize GIS software to convert each score value to raster data by vector data simultaneously, form and evaluate level of factor figure, that legend can be set to is excellent, good, in, poor level Four;
D. utilize GIS software that the evaluation factor raster data of step c is carried out to space superposition calculation, and convert the raster data of this result of calculation to vector data, obtain the comprehensive scores of survey region cultivated land function;
E. utilize GIS software that the comprehensive scores in steps d is carried out to partition functionality grade;
F. utilize GIS software to make cultivated land function distribution plan according to the result of the partition functionality grade in step e.
2. a kind of cultivated land function evaluation method based on GIS according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: while utilizing Excel to calculate the single-factor evaluation index value of averaging in described step b, be included in newly-built worksheet * .xls file in Excel, set up many-one relationship tables of data, wherein first classify evaluation unit title as, all the other respectively classify the calculated value of each single-factor evaluation index as, and * .dbf file will save File As.
3. a kind of cultivated land function evaluation method based on GIS according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the process of utilizing GIS software to carry out vector quantization to data in described step b comprises: in GIS software, open ArcMAP module, click Add Data order Adding Area administrative map, click Open Attribute Table and open attribute list, according to the tables of data in * .dbf file, click newly-increased 6 fields of Add Field, title is identical with evaluation index, field type meets data type requirement, click Joins and Relates and be called the tables of data in public field link * .dbf file with administrative name, click Field Calculator calculates each evaluation index according to each field name and equals the numerical value in mapping table, complete the vector quantization of evaluation index.
4. a kind of cultivated land function evaluation method based on GIS according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the process of utilizing GIS software to convert each score value to raster data by vector data in described step c comprises: in GIS software, click newly-increased 5 fields of Add Field, the score value of giving is added, in Spatial Analyst module, click Convert order, select Features to Raster to convert each new field vector data to raster data.
5. a kind of cultivated land function evaluation method based on GIS according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, the process of utilizing GIS software to carry out space superposition calculation in described steps d comprises: in Spatial Analyst module, click Raster Calculator order, adopt the computing method of direct iteration method or WSM, the evaluation factor raster data of step c is carried out to space superposition calculation; The process that in described steps d, raster data converts vector data to comprises: click Convert order, selection Raster to Features converts the raster data of this result of calculation to vector data.
6. a kind of cultivated land function evaluation method based on GIS according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, the process of utilizing GIS software to carry out partition functionality grade in described step e comprises: in Spatial Analyst module, click Reclassify order, comprehensive scores in steps d is carried out to partition functionality grade, select Manual method to divide four ranks.
7. a kind of cultivated land function evaluation method based on GIS according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, the process of utilizing GIS software to make cultivated land function distribution plan in described step f comprises: click Insert order at Layout View window, select respectively to add title, north arrow, engineer's scale, legend, according to the result output cultivated land function distribution plan of the partition functionality grade in step e.
8. according to a kind of cultivated land function evaluation method based on GIS described in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7, it is characterized in that: in described step a, the representative single-factor evaluation index of Cultivated land economic output function is unit cultivated area total output of grain and Per Unit Area Grain Yield, it is different that various places differ, no standard bound; The representative single-factor evaluation index of the ecological functions of ploughing in described step a is per capita cultivated land's Ecosystem Services Value, and it is different that various places differ, no standard bound; The representative single-factor evaluation index of social bearing function of ploughing in described step a is the unit cultivated area general production value of agriculture and per capita cultivated land's occupancy volume, and it is different that various places differ, no standard bound.
9. according to a kind of cultivated land function evaluation method based on GIS described in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7, it is characterized in that: the grade classification of described step c is according to the Normal Distribution Characteristics of each single-factor achievement data, the influence mode of simultaneously considering each factor pair cultivated land function with affect intensity as with reference to foundation.
10. according to a kind of cultivated land function evaluation method based on GIS described in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7, it is characterized in that: the Performance Level in described step e is divided into lower type, a high type, two high types and three high types, poor according to comprehensive scores maximal value and minimum value, divide equally the quartern, divide successively from low to high respective level.
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