CN103822922B - The quick method for determining mortar/aggregate area fraction in concrete section - Google Patents
The quick method for determining mortar/aggregate area fraction in concrete section Download PDFInfo
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- CN103822922B CN103822922B CN201410047369.8A CN201410047369A CN103822922B CN 103822922 B CN103822922 B CN 103822922B CN 201410047369 A CN201410047369 A CN 201410047369A CN 103822922 B CN103822922 B CN 103822922B
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Abstract
The method that the present invention discloses aggregate/mortar area fraction in a kind of quick determination concrete section, which can be realized based on color Image Segmentation.Which includes：Step S100, the pixel count for obtaining mortar and/or aggregate in the digital picture that concrete is cut into slices；Step S200, using the pixel count obtained in step S100 calculate concrete section in mortar/aggregate area fraction.Its contrast that can carry out dip dyeing with reinforced mortar and aggregate in coloured image HSB (tone saturation brightness) space to the mortar in concrete section first, then recycles color Image Segmentation to extract the mortar in sectioning image（Or aggregate）Region, so as to quickly determine mortar/aggregate area and area fraction in section.Method disclosed by the invention is simple to operate, it is not necessary to section is carried out heating, evacuation or is applied high pressure etc. and is processed, can rapidly and accurately determine the mortar or aggregate area fraction in concrete section.
Description
Technical field
A kind of method of interior aggregate/mortar area fraction the present invention relates to quick determination concrete is cut into slices, it is especially a kind of
Based on the method that color Image Segmentation quickly determines aggregate/mortar area fraction in concrete section.
Background technology
Under meso-scale, concrete can regard the two-phase composite material being made up of aggregate and mortar as.Concrete microcosmic detection
In analysis usually it needs to be determined that section in mortar/aggregate area or area fraction（Area fraction refers to the sand in concrete section
The area of slurry/aggregate accounts for the percentage ratio of the section gross area）.
At present, the method for generally adopting is sectioning image to be imported in the mapping softwares such as CAD or Photoshop, manual to hook
The profile of aggregate is drawn, the area for determining aggregate, then mortar/aggregate in cutting into slices by the aggregate areal calculation for drawing then is calculated
Area fraction.
There is following defect in the method：
1st, sketching by hand, time-consuming, causes the inefficient of the method, and when especially treating capacity is larger, drawback is more bright
It is aobvious；
2nd, it is as the size in each region in section differs and different, and sketch the process operation time by hand
It is longer, therefore, not only operating efficiency is low, and is also a kind of test for operator, does not slightly note mistake occurs
By mistake, to ensure the accurate of result, operator will often pay great hard work, and during the long campaigns work, also hold
A little harm, such as myopia etc. are caused to the body of operator easily；
3rd, this kind of method has higher degree of dependence for the profile of operator, professional skill, for correlation
For the not high personnel of quality, it is difficult to be competent at the work；
4th, due to mainly mortar and aggregate in section, the difference such as the two color and luster, brightness is little so that made by cut into slices
Interior, there is inadequate clearly situation at the edge of aggregate, and now, naked eyes are often difficult to differentiate between so that manual difficulty of sketching, further
It is easily caused result error；
5th, operating process must first calculate the area of aggregate, just can determine that area fraction afterwards, for only needing face
The situation of product content, its intermediate steps for calculating aggregate area belong to unnecessary in fact so that whole process is more loaded down with trivial details, increased work
Amount, also causes error rate higher.
The content of the invention
To solve problem above, the present invention proposes aggregate/mortar area fraction in a kind of quick determination concrete section
Method, can quickly and accurately determine mortar in concrete, the area of aggregate or area fraction.
The present invention provide main technical schemes be：
A kind of method of aggregate/mortar area fraction in quick determination concrete section, which comprises the steps：
Step S100, the pixel count for obtaining mortar and/or aggregate in the digital picture that concrete is cut into slices；
Step S200, using the pixel count obtained in step S100 calculating mortar/aggregate in concrete section
Area fraction.
Wherein, preferably, in step S100, the digital picture is colored.
Preferably, the pixel count is obtained by the pixel counts to black white image.
Preferably, the black white image is obtained by color images.
Preferably, the color images be the intermediate value of two peak values of the luminance channel using in HSB spaces ± 5 as
What segmentation threshold was carried out.
In method described in any of the above-described kind, preferably, the concrete section is through dyeing.
Preferably, concrete section is dyeed using staining solution, and the staining solution is by there is engine dyeing
It is toner and ethanol configuration or being configured by stain and water-soluble liquid.
Preferably, the concrete section is dyeed in being soaked in the staining solution.
Preferably, the time of the immersion is 5 to 24 hours.
Preferably, after the soaking dyeing of concrete section is dried, polished to remove the solute of remained on surface.
Preferably, the whole process of the dyeing is not carrying out heating to concrete section, evacuation or applies high pressure
Normality laboratory condition under carry out.
The inventive method is simple to operation, obtains aggregate using Digital Image Processing mode, the area/area of mortar contains
Amount, efficiency are very high, and when especially treating capacity is larger, effect becomes apparent from, and the reproducibility of the method is good, for artificial operation water
Flat dependency degree is relatively low, reduces the error in operation probability of human error, and reduces labor intensity, additionally aids saving artificial
Resource, after dyeing is processed, aggregate edge is easy to segmentation, and accuracy is higher, and can be in the case where area is not calculated i.e.
Area fraction can be drawn, step is more succinct.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of another embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the schematic flow sheet of the comparative example contrasted to prior art in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the digital picture schematic diagram of the organizational structure before the concrete section statining in the first comparative example of the invention；
Fig. 5 is the HSB spatial channel Information Statistics schematic diagrams of Fig. 4；
Fig. 6 is the digital picture schematic diagram of the organizational structure after the concrete section statining in the first comparative example of the invention；
Fig. 7 is the HSB spatial channel Information Statistics schematic diagrams of Fig. 6；
Fig. 8 be image segmentation is carried out using the statistical information in Fig. 7 to the organizational structure schematic diagram in Fig. 6 after obtain it is black
The digital picture schematic diagram of white organizational structure（Wherein, white portion is aggregate）；
Fig. 9 is to divide the sectioning image after aggregate by hand to illustrate to the organizational structure schematic diagram in Fig. 4 using prior art
Figure；
Figure 10 is the digital picture schematic diagram of the organizational structure before the concrete section statining in the second comparative example of the invention；
Figure 11 is the HSB spatial channel Information Statistics schematic diagrams of Figure 10；
Figure 12 is the digital picture schematic diagram of the organizational structure after the concrete section statining in the second comparative example of the invention；
Figure 13 is the HSB spatial channel Information Statistics schematic diagrams of Figure 12；
Figure 14 be image segmentation is carried out using the statistical information in Figure 13 to the organizational structure schematic diagram in Figure 12 after obtain
Black and white organizational structure digital picture schematic diagram（Wherein, white portion is aggregate）；
Figure 15 is to divide the sectioning image after aggregate by hand to show to the organizational structure schematic diagram in Figure 10 using prior art
It is intended to.
Specific embodiment
Preferably to explain the present invention, in order to understand, with reference to specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Referring to Fig. 1, the method for aggregate/mortar area fraction in a kind of quick determination concrete section that the present invention is provided
Embodiment, which comprises the steps：
Step S100, the pixel count for obtaining mortar and/or aggregate in the digital picture that concrete is cut into slices；
Step S200, using the pixel count obtained in step S100 calculating mortar/aggregate in concrete section
Area fraction.
The present invention Basic Design thinking be：
Pixel is the basic composition unit of digital picture, also, the number of pixel quantity can be used to characterize digital picture
Actual size size, meanwhile, for a width digital picture, statistical pixel number is easily achieved.Therefore, based on numeral
The pixel count of image fast and accurately can be obtained, for it needs to be determined that the concrete of area fraction is cut into slices, can be with profit
With this kind of characteristic of digital picture, aggregate therein/mortar area fraction is determined using the pixel count for obtaining.
To obtain accurate result, it is necessary first to ensure the accuracy of the respective pixel count of aggregate/mortar of acquisition, so
And, in fact, cut into slices based on concrete in the digital picture for obtaining, due to the different structure component in concrete（As aggregate with
Mortar）It is difficult to differentiate between, therefore, the accurate pixel count to directly obtain aggregate/mortar therein is often more difficult.
How the key for determining aggregate/mortar area fraction hence with pixel count is using pixel
Particular community aggregate/mortar is made a distinction, to accurately obtaining the respective pixel count of aggregate/mortar.
In order to be able to more accurately obtain the pixel count of aggregate/mortar, in the present invention, various handss are taken
Section, to the pixel count for fast and accurately obtaining aggregate/mortar.
In one embodiment of the invention, using black and white digital picture as the base for obtaining the respective pixel count of aggregate and mortar
Plinth, to obtaining the more preferably effect for distinguishing aggregate and mortar.
In one embodiment of the invention, aggregate and mortar are characterized respectively with the B＆W in black and white digital picture, with
Phase obtains the more preferably effect for distinguishing aggregate and mortar.
In one embodiment of the invention, the digital picture first to obtaining is processed, and distinguishes aggregate to obtaining
With the more preferably effect of mortar.
In one embodiment of the invention, first concrete section is processed before obtaining digital picture, to
Obtain the more preferably effect for distinguishing aggregate and mortar.
In one embodiment of the invention, dyeing process is carried out to concrete section first before obtaining digital picture,
To obtaining the more preferably effect for distinguishing aggregate and mortar.
In one embodiment of the invention, colour is dyed in concrete section first before obtaining digital picture, and
Colored digital picture is obtained, to obtaining the more preferably effect for distinguishing aggregate and mortar.
In one embodiment of the invention, the digital picture of the colour to obtaining is processed, and distinguishes bone to obtaining
The more preferably effect of material and mortar.
In one embodiment of the invention, the digital picture of colour is obtained first, then coloured silk is carried out to color digital image
Color image is split, and forms black white image, and the respective pixel count of aggregate and mortar is characterized in obtaining black white image afterwards again, to
Obtain the more preferably effect for distinguishing aggregate and mortar.
In one embodiment of the invention, using the respective channel information in HSB spaces in digital picture carrying out coloured silk
Color image is split, to obtaining the more preferably effect for distinguishing aggregate and mortar.
In one embodiment of the invention, concrete is characterized not to recognize using the difference of brightness value in digital picture
Same structural constituent（Such as aggregate and/or mortar）, to obtaining the more preferably effect for distinguishing aggregate and mortar.
In one embodiment of the invention, the peak value on the right in HSB spaces（The larger peak of brightness value）Derive from
The statistical result of all mortar pixel brightness values, represents that the brightness value of mortar pixel is distributed around in the peak value；And the peak on the left side
Value（The less peak of brightness value）From the statistical result of all aggregate pixel brightness values, represent the brightness value of aggregate pixel at this
Peak value is distributed around.
In one embodiment of the invention, the intermediate value by the use of two peak values of luminance channel in HSB spaces is used as segmentation
Threshold value carrying out color images, to obtaining the more preferably effect for distinguishing aggregate and mortar.Wherein, when segmentation threshold is taken as two
When in the range of ± the 5 of peak value intermediate value, the area fraction of final aggregate/mortar is had little to no effect.
In one embodiment of the invention, the principle dyeed to concrete by the suitable stain of selection is selection
Stain only to aggregate and mortar in a kind of component dye, and do not contaminate another kind of component, so in section digitized map
As in, the light characteristic of aggregate and mortar pixel just has significantly difference and realizes differentiation.Aggregate and mortar are in physical characteristics
The maximum difference for not being both porosity of aspect（Rock is fine and close, mortar is loose porous, and mortar porosity is apparently higher than rock）, profit
Use this difference, Jing to attempt, it is found that a kind of organic coloring agent does not almost contaminate work to aggregate while mortar is effectively contaminated
With, and staining procedure simple and fast.The characteristic of the stain is to fill into loose porous mortar and realize coloration,
And to fine and close aggregate almost no dip dyeing ability.
Referring to Fig. 2, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which comprises the steps：
Step S10, preparation section；
Step S40, section is soaked in into 5-24 hours in a kind of staining solution afterwards（Organic dye can be for example soaked in
12 hours in the alcoholic solution of agent）；
Step S50, taking-up are dried, and are polished slightly；
Step S60, the digital picture for obtaining the section after dyeing；
The each channel information in HSB spaces of the digital picture that step S70, obtaining step S60 are obtained；
The centre of two peak values of luminance channel in step S90, the HSB spaces of the section digital picture obtained with step S70
Value carries out color images as segmentation threshold, and the black white image after mortar, aggregate are split is obtained；
Step S100, the pixel count that pixel counts acquisition mortar and/or aggregate are carried out to black white image；
Step S200, using the pixel count obtained in step S100 calculate concrete section in aggregate area contain
Amount.
In order to further illustrate beneficial effects of the present invention, two contrasts of the present invention with prior art also provided below
Example.
Referring to Fig. 3 to Fig. 9, the method for the present invention compares the first comparative example of prior art, and which mainly comprises the steps：
Step S10, preparation section 1（Can be that a kind of section of typical concrete test specimen is polished）；
Step S20, the digital picture for gathering the section 1（Referring to Fig. 4）；
The each channel information statistics in HSB spaces of the digital picture that step S30, obtaining step S20 are obtained（Referring to Fig. 5）；
Step S40, afterwards section 1 is soaked in 12 hours in a kind of alcoholic solution of stain；
Step S50, taking-up are dried, and are polished slightly；
Step S60, the digital picture for obtaining the section 1 after dyeing（Referring to Fig. 6）；
The each channel information in HSB spaces of the digital picture that step S70, obtaining step S60 are obtained（Referring to Fig. 7）；
Step S80, the digital picture of the section 1 that step S20 is obtained（Fig. 4）Import autoCAD（v2010a）In software,
Aggregate region is extracted by the way of being sketched outline under prior art by hand（Referring to Fig. 9）, and try to achieve the aggregate region for sketching out
Area fraction is 46.0%；
The centre of two peak values of luminance channel in step S90, the HSB spaces of 1 digital picture of section obtained with step S70
Value carries out color images as segmentation threshold, and the black white image after mortar, aggregate are split is obtained（Referring to Fig. 8）；
Step S100, the pixel count that pixel counts acquisition mortar and/or aggregate are carried out to black white image；
Step S200, using the pixel count obtained in step S100 calculate concrete section 1 in aggregate area
Content is 47.1%.
Referring to Fig. 3, Figure 10 to Figure 15, the method for the present invention compares the second comparative example of prior art, its mainly include as
Lower step：
Step S10, preparation section 2（Can be that the section of another kind of typical concrete test specimen is polished）；
Step S20, the digital picture for gathering the section 2（Referring to Figure 10）；
The each channel information statistics in HSB spaces of the digital picture that step S30, obtaining step S20 are obtained（Referring to Figure 11）；
Step S40, afterwards section 2 is soaked in 12 hours in a kind of alcoholic solution of stain；
Step S50, taking-up are dried, and are polished slightly；
Step S60, the digital picture for obtaining the section 2 after dyeing（Referring to Figure 12）；
The each channel information in HSB spaces of the digital picture that step S70, obtaining step S60 are obtained（Referring to Figure 13）；
Step S80, the digital picture of the section 2 that step S20 is obtained（Figure 11）Import autoCAD（v2010a）Software
In, aggregate region is extracted by the way of being sketched outline under prior art by hand（Referring to Figure 15）, and try to achieve the aggregate for sketching out
Region area content is 56.3%；
The centre of two peak values of luminance channel in step S90, the HSB spaces of 2 digital picture of section obtained with step S70
Value carries out color images as segmentation threshold, and the black white image after mortar, aggregate are split is obtained（Referring to Figure 14）；
Step S100, the pixel count that pixel counts acquisition mortar and/or aggregate are carried out to black white image；
Step S200, using the pixel count obtained in step S100 calculate concrete section 2 in aggregate area
Content is 57.6%.
Result in above-mentioned first, second comparative example is compared respectively, referring to table 1.
The contrast of 1 method of the present invention of table and prior art acquired results
Table 1 shows the numerical value obtained by the method for the aggregate area fraction and prior art obtained Jing after image segmentation
Contrast, it can be seen that by taking aggregate area fraction as an example, using the aggregate face of section 1 and section 2 after color Image Segmentation process
Product content is less than 2.4% with the relative error of prior art, and with very high precision, and its speed is faster, operates simpler.
Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, Fig. 8 and Figure 10 are carried out respectively to contrast as can be seen that based on the concrete section acquisition after dyeing
In digital picture, mortar and aggregate are the characteristics of luminance channel has obvious differentiation, presentation bimodal, and saturation passage is then
What is be distributed is more uniform, and tone passage is more concentrated, and eliminates wherein disorderly interference.It follows that mixed after based on dyeing
The digital picture that solidifying soil section is obtained is more suitable for image segmentation.
In sum, currently preferred main technical schemes are：First the mortar in concrete section is soaked
The contrast for dying color with reinforced mortar and aggregate in coloured image HSB (hue-saturation-brightness) space, then utilizes
Color Image Segmentation extracts the mortar in sectioning image（Or aggregate）Region, so as to quickly determine section in mortar/
The area and area fraction of aggregate.
The present invention mainly has two steps.
First step is dyeing.It is that concrete sample section is placed in a kind of staining solution to soak first, Ran Houqu
Go out sample to dry.By slice surface using 1200# abrasive lappings 5 minutes, you can remove about 5～10 microns of thick top layers, so
The impact of the solute to Color of aggregates remained on surface can be prevented effectively from（Milling time otherwise can not may too long
Dyed mortar all grinds off, so as to cause the failure of dyeing course）.
The purpose of the process is to dye mortar.After dyeing is processed, in section digital picture, mortar and aggregate are full
It is obvious with contrast in terms of the parameter such as degree, brightness, it is easy to image segmentation.
Second step is Digital Image Processing.The brightness in HSB spaces or saturation passage using aggregate and mortar
Obvious two peak feature for presenting, carries out color images, you can realize the differentiation and separation of mortar and aggregate.
After being partitioned into mortar or aggregate, the bianry image of concrete can be obtained, and the area of mortar/aggregate is easy to by letter
Single pixel counts are calculated, and then obtain the area fraction of mortar/aggregate.
The method of the present invention is simple to operation, obtains the area fraction of aggregate, mortar using Digital Image Processing mode,
Efficiency is very high, and when especially treating capacity is larger, effect becomes apparent from.
Claims (8)
1. in a kind of quick determination concrete section mortar/aggregate area fraction method, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
Step S100, obtain concrete section digital picture in mortar and aggregate pixel count, wherein, obtain digital picture it
It is front first by concrete cut into slices in mortar carry out dip dyeing, made a distinction with the color with aggregate, then obtain colored
Digital picture, then color images are carried out to color digital image, black white image is formed, table in black white image is obtained afterwards again
Levy the respective pixel count of aggregate and mortar；
Step S200, using the pixel count obtained in step S100 calculate concrete section in mortar/aggregate area
Content；
The concrete section is that a kind of component in only to aggregate and mortar is dyeed, and does not contaminate another kind of component
Staining reagent；
The concrete section is dyeed using staining solution, and the staining solution is by organic coloring agent and alcohol
Or configured by stain and water-soluble liquid；
The whole process of the dyeing is not carrying out heating to concrete section, evacuation or applies the normality test chamber of high pressure
Under the conditions of carry out.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step S100, using the phase in HSB spaces in digital picture
Answer channel information to carry out color images.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：Recognize that using the difference of brightness value in digital picture sign is mixed
Coagulate the different structure component of soil.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：Using the intermediate value of two peak values of luminance channel in HSB spaces
Color images are carried out as segmentation threshold.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：The color images are with luminance channel in HSB spaces
The intermediate value of two peak values ± 5 carry out as segmentation threshold.
6. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that：Concrete section be soaked in the staining solution in enter
Row dyeing.
7. method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that：The time of the immersion is 5 to 24 hours.
8. method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that：After the soaking dyeing of concrete section is dried, carry out beating
Grind to remove the solute of remained on surface.
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| CN106093035B (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2018-10-26 | 武汉大学 | A kind of microspur video image identification method that the soil body develops |
| CN110108561B (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2020-06-12 | 四川大学 | Method for obtaining aggregate-mortar bonding strength change condition in concrete |
| CN111735904B (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2022-05-17 | 中交四航工程研究院有限公司 | Method for detecting content of chloride ions in hardened concrete in newly-built engineering |
| CN113219161A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-08-06 | 中国建筑第四工程局有限公司 | Method for judging sand rate of hardened concrete |
| CN113933195A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-01-14 | 广东省有色工业建筑质量检测站有限公司 | Concrete compressive strength prediction method and system based on image digital processing |
| CN114264799B (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2024-01-12 | 南京兴佑交通科技有限公司 | Detection method for filling fullness of cement-based grouting material |
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