CN103820996A - Preparation method for binary grafted modified PBO fiber - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method for PBO fiber, in particular to a preparation method for binary grafted modified PBO fiber, and aims to solve the problem that the conventional PBO fiber has poor infiltration with matrix resin as the surface is inert and the fiber mechanical property is reduced as PBO fiber molecular chains break due to elemental oxygen. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1, functionally processing graphene oxide; 2, performing activating treatment on PBO fiber; adding the PBO fiber into a lithium aluminum hydride-diethyl ether saturated solution to be subjected to hydroxyl functional processing; 4, grafting APTMS on the surface of the PBO fiber; 5, binarily grafting the graphene oxide on the surface of the PBO fiber. According to the invention, both the APTMS and the graphene oxide are grafted on the surface of the PBO fiber through a chemical grafting method, so that the infiltration of the PBO fiber is improved, and the binary grafted PBO fiber can keep higher tensile strength under the impact of elemental oxygen. The preparation method is mainly applied to the preparation of PBO fiber.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of pbo fiber.
Background technology
PBO (polyparaphenylene's benzo-dioxazole) fiber is a kind of high-performance fiber making by fiber spinning from crystalline state, has excellent mechanical property, heat resistance and fire resistance, is described as " super fiber of 21 century ".But the skin-core structure of pbo fiber makes its surface be inertia, poor with resin matrix wettability, thereby cause the interface bond strength of composite low, seriously restricted its application in composite.
The structure of pbo fiber is as follows:
In the Low Earth Orbit space environment apart from earth surface 200～700km height, exist the factors such as elemental oxygen, ultraviolet irradiation, electronics, proton, micrometeor and space junk.Wherein, most important, the most dangerous beyond doubt factor of elemental oxygen.In the time that spacecraft flies with the speed of 8km/s, its surface atom oxygen atom line can reach 10
12～10
16atom/cm
2s.Under this speed, the average impact energy of elemental oxygen is 4～5eV, and this energy is enough to make the chemical bond of many materials to rupture, thereby causes declining to a great extent of material physical property.Pbo fiber/epoxy resin composite material is because the advantages such as its high specific strength, high ratio modulus and light weight are widely used as spacecraft construction material.But as polymer matrix composite, the as easy as rolling off a log atomic oxygen erosion that is subject to of pbo fiber/epoxy resin composite material.The circulation that can constantly be subject to colding and heat succeed each other in the time that spacecraft moves in Low Earth Orbit, pbo fiber from epoxy resin-base because the different meetings of thermal coefficient of expansion form high thermal stress in their interface, thereby produce many micro-cracks.Elemental oxygen corrodes the weak interface junction of composite by micro-crack, can cause pbo fiber heavy corrosion, even fracture, and then cause the mechanical property of composite to decline to a great extent.
Organosilicon is widely applied as the protective coating on spacecraft surface.The organosilicon being exposed in atomic oxygen environment can form glassy state silica, can play a good protection to primer.APTMS not only can improve fiber interface performance effectively as the conventional organo silane coupling agent of one, and the silicon oxygen bond structure of itself has good resistivity to elemental oxygen.Graphene is as the hardest material of current nature, has great surface area, abundant functional group and excellent hot property, is widely used in preparation high-performance, multifunctional nano composite material by people.The Graphene being obtained by oxidizing process has certain fault of construction, and as the wild phase of composite, the existence of these faults of construction can improve the interfacial interaction between Graphene and matrix material, thereby improves the interface performance of composite.
Chemical graft process becomes the study hotspot of Material Field in recent years as a kind of method of preparing multi-scale reinforcing body of newly opening up, and becomes gradually the important research direction of fiber surface modification.The method utilize carboxyl derivatization reaction (chloride, esterification), mercaptan coupling reaction etc. by polymer graft to fiber surface, the feature such as have that cost is low, the process time is shorter and modified effect is remarkable.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve existing pbo fiber surface is inertia and causes poor with matrix resin wettability and be subject to elemental oxygen to cause pbo fiber molecular chain rupture, the problem that fibrous mechanical property declines, and the preparation method of a kind of APTMS providing and graphene oxide binary grafting pbo fiber.
The preparation method of binary graft modification pbo fiber of the present invention follows these steps to realize:
One, graphene oxide functionalization: by 10ml～100ml thionyl chloride and 1ml～5ml N, dinethylformamide joins in single port flask, pour subsequently 0.1g～0.4g graphene oxide powder into, and sonic oscillation 0.5h～2h, then under nitrogen atmosphere, add hot reflux 12h～72h, last decompression distillation until solvent removal, obtains the graphene oxide of functionalization;
Two, pbo fiber activation processing: pbo fiber is wrapped on square glass framework, be immersed in sulfuric acid solution, at room temperature stir process 1h～4h, uses deionized water washing 1 time～7 times after taking out, finally dry 10min～60min at 80 ℃～150 ℃, obtains activating pbo fiber;
Three, pbo fiber hydroxyl functional processing: 0.02g～0.08g activation pbo fiber is joined in 25ml～100ml Lithium Aluminium Hydride-ether saturated solution, under nitrogen protection, add hot reflux 0.5h～2h, subsequently with deionized water washing 1 time～7 times, dry 10min～60min at 80 ℃～150 ℃, obtains hydroxyl functional pbo fiber again;
Four, pbo fiber surfaces A PTMS grafting: by APTMS(3-aminopropyl-trimethoxy silane of 0.5ml～2ml) join in 50ml～150ml absolute ethyl alcohol and mix, add subsequently 0.02g～0.08g hydroxyl functional pbo fiber, stir process 6h～24h at 30 ℃～60 ℃, then use absolute ethanol washing 1 time～7 times, drying processing obtains the pbo fiber of APTMS grafting;
Five, pbo fiber surface oxidation Graphene binary grafting: the graphene oxide of 0.05g～0.15g functionalization is dissolved in to 40ml～100ml N; in dinethylformamide; and sonic oscillation 1h～3h; add subsequently the pbo fiber of 0.02g～0.08g APTMS grafting; reflux heating 24h～72h under nitrogen protection; use DMF washing the fibre 1 time～7 times, drying obtains binary graft modification pbo fiber after processing.
The present invention is incorporated into pbo fiber surface by chemical graft process by APTMS and graphene oxide simultaneously, due to the graphene oxide of fiber surface can obviously increase fiber surface roughness and and resin matrix between contact area, thereby form powerful mechanical lock make a concerted effort.In addition; the a large amount of polar functional group in graphene oxide surface can improve the wettability of pbo fiber; make more than the interface shear strength of the binary grafting pbo fiber obtaining reaches 65MPa; while is due to the protective effect of binary graft fibres surfaces A PTMS silicone layer; in the time that elemental oxygen open-assembly time reaches 36h; its binary grafting pbo fiber stretching strength retentivity is 51.5%, and the stretching strength retentivity of this modification pbo fiber is apparently higher than untreated pbo fiber.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the SEM surface topography map of the pbo fiber of the APTMS grafting that obtains of embodiment mono-step 4;
Fig. 2 is the SEM surface topography map of the binary graft modification pbo fiber that obtains of embodiment mono-;
Fig. 3 is the block diagram of two kinds of pbo fiber interface shear strengths;
Fig. 4 is the stretching strength retentivity curve map of pbo fiber under different elemental oxygen open-assembly times, and a represents untreated pbo fiber, and b represents binary graft modification pbo fiber.
The specific embodiment
The specific embodiment one: the preparation method of present embodiment binary graft modification pbo fiber follows these steps to realize:
One, graphene oxide functionalization: by 10ml～100ml thionyl chloride and 1ml～5ml N, dinethylformamide joins in single port flask, pour subsequently 0.1g～0.4g graphene oxide powder into, and sonic oscillation 0.5h～2h, then under nitrogen atmosphere, add hot reflux 12h～72h, last decompression distillation, until solvent removes completely, obtains the graphene oxide of functionalization;
Two, pbo fiber activation processing: pbo fiber is wrapped on square glass framework, be immersed in sulfuric acid solution, at room temperature stir process 1h～4h, uses deionized water washing 1 time～7 times after taking out, finally dry 10min～60min at 80 ℃～150 ℃, obtains activating pbo fiber;
Three, pbo fiber hydroxyl functional processing: 0.02g～0.08g activation pbo fiber is joined in 25ml～100ml Lithium Aluminium Hydride-ether saturated solution, under nitrogen protection, add hot reflux 0.5h～2h, subsequently with deionized water washing 1 time～7 times, dry 10min～60min at 80 ℃～150 ℃, obtains hydroxyl functional pbo fiber again;
Four, pbo fiber surfaces A PTMS grafting: the APTMS of 0.5ml～2ml is joined in 50ml～150ml absolute ethyl alcohol and mixed, add subsequently 0.02g～0.08g hydroxyl functional pbo fiber, stir process 6h～24h at 30 ℃～60 ℃, then use absolute ethanol washing 1 time～7 times, drying processing obtains the pbo fiber of APTMS grafting;
Five, pbo fiber surface oxidation Graphene binary grafting: the graphene oxide of 0.05g～0.15g functionalization is dissolved in to 40ml～100ml N; in dinethylformamide; and sonic oscillation 1h～3h; add subsequently the pbo fiber of 0.02g～0.08g APTMS grafting; reflux heating 24h～72h under nitrogen protection; use DMF washing the fibre 1 time～7 times, drying obtains binary graft modification pbo fiber after processing.
The process for preparation of the Lithium Aluminium Hydride-ether saturated solution described in present embodiment step 3 is that 20g～30g Lithium Aluminium Hydride is joined in 100ml～150ml absolute ether, and at room temperature strong agitation, to dissolving completely, makes Lithium Aluminium Hydride-ether saturated solution.
The heating-up temperature heating under nitrogen atmosphere in reflow treatment described in present embodiment step 1 is 70 ℃～90 ℃.
The preparation method's of present embodiment binary graft modification pbo fiber cost is lower, reaction condition gentleness, and reactions steps is relatively succinct, can be in significantly improving pbo fiber interface performance, effectively solve the poor difficult problem of its anti-atomic oxygen erosion performance.
The specific embodiment two: the decompression distillation described in step 1 that what present embodiment was different from the specific embodiment one is is to carry out at the temperature of 40 ℃～70 ℃.Other step and parameter are identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment three: the sulfuric acid solution mass fraction described in step 2 that what present embodiment was different from the specific embodiment one or two is is 20%～80%.Other step and parameter are identical with the specific embodiment one or two.
The specific embodiment four: the speed that step 2 that what present embodiment was different from one of specific embodiment one to three is at room temperature stirs in stir process is 100r/min～300r/min.Other step and parameter are identical with one of specific embodiment one to three.
The specific embodiment five: the dry processing described in step 4 that what present embodiment was different from one of specific embodiment one to four is is dry 10min～60min at 50 ℃～100 ℃.Other step and parameter are identical with one of specific embodiment one to four.
The specific embodiment six: the dry processing described in step 5 that what present embodiment was different from one of specific embodiment one to five is is dry 10min～60min at 100 ℃～200 ℃.Other step and parameter are identical with one of specific embodiment one to five.
Embodiment mono-: the preparation method of the present embodiment binary graft modification pbo fiber follows these steps to realize:
One, graphene oxide functionalization: 85ml thionyl chloride and 4ml N, dinethylformamide joins in single port flask, pour subsequently 0.25g graphene oxide powder into, and sonic oscillation 1h, then 48h refluxes at 70 ℃ of nitrogen atmospheres, finally at 50 ℃, decompression distillation, until solvent removes completely, obtains the graphene oxide of functionalization;
Two, pbo fiber activation processing: first pbo fiber is wrapped on square glass framework, then be immersed in mass fraction and be in 60% sulfuric acid, under the condition of room temperature and mixing speed 150r/min, process 3h, fiber is used to deionized water washing 5 times, finally dry 30min at 100 ℃, obtains activating pbo fiber;
Three, pbo fiber hydroxyl functional processing: 0.05g is activated to pbo fiber and join in 50ml Lithium Aluminium Hydride-ether saturated solution, under nitrogen protection, add hot reflux 1h, with deionized water washing 5 times, finally dry 30min at 100 ℃, obtains hydroxyl functional pbo fiber subsequently;
Four, pbo fiber surfaces A PTMS grafting: the APTMS of 0.5ml is joined in 50ml absolute ethyl alcohol and mixed, add subsequently 0.05g hydroxyl functional pbo fiber, stir process 12h at 45 ℃, fiber is used to absolute ethanol washing 5 times, finally at 100 ℃, be dried 30min, obtain the pbo fiber of APTMS grafting;
Five, pbo fiber surface oxidation Graphene binary grafting: the graphene oxide of 0.1g functionalization is dissolved in to 50mlN; in dinethylformamide; and sonic oscillation 2h; add subsequently the pbo fiber of 0.05g APTMS grafting; reflux heating 48h under nitrogen protection, uses DMF washing 5 times by fiber; finally dry 30min at 150 ℃, obtains binary graft modification pbo fiber.
Fig. 1 is the SEM surface topography map of the pbo fiber of the APTMS grafting that obtains of step 4, and as we can see from the figure, fiber surface has one deck densification, coarse nonwoven fabric from filaments, this from level to level shape thing be exactly the APTMS that is grafted on pbo fiber surface.It can not only be for next step graphene oxide grafting provides active reaction point, and the silicon oxygen bond structure of itself can effectively be resisted the erosion of elemental oxygen.
Fig. 2 is the APTMS for preparing of this embodiment and the SEM surface topography map of graphene oxide binary grafting pbo fiber, and as we can see from the figure, the graphene oxide sheet laminating of fold is attached to pbo fiber surface.This explanation graphene oxide successfully grafts on pbo fiber surface, has prepared a kind of novel multi-scale reinforcing body, has confirmed the feasibility of this binary grafting method.
Fig. 3 is pbo fiber interface shear strength test result.As we can see from the figure, the interface shear strength of binary grafting pbo fiber is 65.3MPa, and the interface shear strength of untreated pbo fiber is 40.4MPa, and compared with untreated pbo fiber, the interface shear strength of binary grafting pbo fiber has improved 61.6%.This be due to the graphene oxide of fiber surface can obviously increase fiber surface roughness and and resin matrix between contact area, thereby form powerful mechanical lock make a concerted effort.In addition, a large amount of polar functional group in graphene oxide surface can improve the wettability of pbo fiber, contributes to equally to improve the interface performance of fiber.
Wherein the test process of pbo fiber/epoxy resin interface performance is as follows:
First, PBO filament is fixed on sample holder with two-sided tape, then take epoxy resin E-51 and 3 with the ratio of 100:32,3-diethyl 4,4-diaminodiphenyl-methane curing agent, after both are mixed, be coated in equably on PBO filament, be cured with being placed in baking oven; Finally, use composite material interface performance evaluation tester (FA-620, Japanese Dong Rong Co., Ltd.) to test the interface shear strength (IFSS) between pbo fiber and epoxy resin-base before and after modification.Every kind of condition is surveyed 40 left and right resin balls, finally calculates interface shear strength mean value.IFSS computing formula is as follows:
In formula: F
maxfor unsticking power, N; D represents fibre diameter, m; L is the embedding length of resin balls, m.
Fig. 4 is the stretching strength retentivity curve of pbo fiber under different elemental oxygen open-assembly times, and wherein, curve a and b are respectively untreated pbo fiber and the stretching strength retentivity of binary grafting pbo fiber after elemental oxygen exposes experiment.With the increase of elemental oxygen open-assembly time, because elemental oxygen is to the extremely strong corrosion function of pbo fiber, its strand is ruptured, thereby cause TENSILE STRENGTH to decline rapidly as we can see from the figure.In the time that elemental oxygen open-assembly time reaches 36h, the stretching strength retentivity of untreated pbo fiber is only 40%; For binary grafting pbo fiber; in the time that elemental oxygen open-assembly time reaches 36h; its stretching strength retentivity is 51.5%, and due to the protective effect of binary graft fibres surfaces A PTMS silicone layer, the stretching strength retentivity of fiber is apparently higher than untreated pbo fiber.
It is as follows that its induced by atomic oxygen exposes the test process of testing:
The device that elemental oxygen exposure test adopts is BJ University of Aeronautics & Astronautics's THE FILAMENT DISCHARGE AND magnetically confined type (IFM) ground-based simulation equipment.Experiment condition is 60～70 ℃ of temperature, vacuum pressure 1.4 × 10
-1pa, elemental oxygen energy 0.01～0.05eV, atomic oxygen flux density 8.02 × 10
15atoms/cm
2s.Different elemental oxygen open-assembly time 4h, 8h, 12h, 16h, 20h, 24h, 28h, 32h and 36h have been chosen in this experiment.Then, will carry out TENSILE STRENGTH test through the pbo fiber and the binary grafting pbo fiber that expose experiment, thereby obtain the stretching strength retentivity of fiber.
Embodiment bis-: the preparation method of the present embodiment binary graft modification pbo fiber follows these steps to realize:
One, graphene oxide functionalization: 80ml thionyl chloride and 3ml N, dinethylformamide joins in single port flask, pour subsequently 0.2g graphene oxide powder into, and sonic oscillation 2h, then 36h refluxes at 75 ℃ of nitrogen atmospheres, finally at 45 ℃, decompression distillation, until solvent removes completely, obtains the graphene oxide of functionalization;
Two, pbo fiber activation processing: first pbo fiber is wrapped on square glass framework, then be immersed in mass fraction and be in 65% sulfuric acid, under the condition of room temperature and mixing speed 200r/min, process 3h, fiber is used to deionized water washing 6 times, finally dry 60min at 100 ℃, obtains activating pbo fiber;
Three, pbo fiber hydroxyl functional processing: 0.03g is activated to pbo fiber and join in 75ml Lithium Aluminium Hydride-ether saturated solution, under nitrogen protection, add hot reflux 1.5h, with deionized water washing 6 times, finally dry 60min at 100 ℃, obtains hydroxyl functional pbo fiber subsequently;
Four, pbo fiber surfaces A PTMS grafting: the APTMS of 1ml is joined in 100ml absolute ethyl alcohol and mixed, add subsequently 0.03g hydroxyl functional pbo fiber, stir process 24h at 40 ℃, fiber is used to absolute ethanol washing 6 times, finally at 60 ℃, be dried 60min, obtain the pbo fiber of APTMS grafting;
Five, pbo fiber surface oxidation Graphene binary grafting: the graphene oxide of 0.03g functionalization is dissolved in to 40mlN; in dinethylformamide; and sonic oscillation 1h; add subsequently the pbo fiber of 0.03g APTMS grafting; reflux heating 36h under nitrogen protection, uses DMF washing 6 times by fiber; finally dry 60min at 120 ℃, obtains binary graft modification pbo fiber.
The interface shear strength of the binary graft modification pbo fiber that the present embodiment obtains is 57.8MPa, and compared with untreated pbo fiber, the interface shear strength of binary grafting pbo fiber has improved 43.1%.
Claims (6)
1. a preparation method for binary graft modification pbo fiber, is characterized in that the preparation method of binary graft modification pbo fiber follows these steps to realize:
One, graphene oxide functionalization: by 10ml～100ml thionyl chloride and 1ml～5ml N, dinethylformamide joins in single port flask, pour subsequently 0.1g～0.4g graphene oxide powder into, and sonic oscillation 0.5h～2h, then under nitrogen atmosphere, add hot reflux 12h～72h, last decompression distillation until solvent removal, obtains the graphene oxide of functionalization;
Two, pbo fiber activation processing: pbo fiber is wrapped on square glass framework, be immersed in sulfuric acid solution, at room temperature stir process 1h～4h, uses deionized water washing 1 time～7 times after taking out, finally dry 10min～60min at 80 ℃～150 ℃, obtains activating pbo fiber;
Three, pbo fiber hydroxyl functional processing: 0.02g～0.08g activation pbo fiber is joined in 25ml～100ml Lithium Aluminium Hydride-ether saturated solution, under nitrogen protection, add hot reflux 0.5h～2h, subsequently with deionized water washing 1 time～7 times, dry 10min～60min at 80 ℃～150 ℃, obtains hydroxyl functional pbo fiber again;
Four, pbo fiber surfaces A PTMS grafting: the APTMS of 0.5ml～2ml is joined in 50ml～150ml absolute ethyl alcohol and mixed, add subsequently 0.02g～0.08g hydroxyl functional pbo fiber, stir process 6h～24h at 30 ℃～60 ℃, then use absolute ethanol washing 1 time～7 times, drying processing obtains the pbo fiber of APTMS grafting;
Five, pbo fiber surface oxidation Graphene binary grafting: the graphene oxide of 0.05g～0.15g functionalization is dissolved in to 40ml～100ml N; in dinethylformamide; and sonic oscillation 1h～3h; add subsequently the pbo fiber of 0.02g～0.08g APTMS grafting; reflux heating 24h～72h under nitrogen protection; use DMF washing the fibre 1 time～7 times, drying obtains binary graft modification pbo fiber after processing.
2. the preparation method of a kind of binary graft modification pbo fiber according to claim 1, is characterized in that the decompression distillation described in step 1 is to carry out at the temperature of 40 ℃～70 ℃.
3. the preparation method of a kind of binary graft modification pbo fiber according to claim 1, is characterized in that the sulfuric acid solution mass fraction described in step 2 is 20%～80%.
4. the preparation method of a kind of binary graft modification pbo fiber according to claim 1, is characterized in that the speed that step 2 at room temperature stirs in stir process is 100r/min～300r/min.
5. the preparation method of a kind of binary graft modification pbo fiber according to claim 1, is characterized in that the dry processing described in step 4 is dry 10min～60min at 50 ℃～100 ℃.
6. the preparation method of a kind of binary graft modification pbo fiber according to claim 1, is characterized in that the dry processing described in step 5 is dry 10min～60min at 100 ℃～200 ℃.
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| CN103820996B (en) | 2016-02-17 |
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