CN103819562B - 一种基于鸡恒定链片段的疫苗载体的构建与应用 - Google Patents
一种基于鸡恒定链片段的疫苗载体的构建与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种靶向鸡MHCII类分子的疫苗载体及其制备方法。该载体是以鸡恒定链的胞浆区、跨膜区和部分内质网腔区片段80个氨基酸组成。该载体通过直接与MHCII类分子结合而提高所连接抗原肽进入抗原肽递呈途径效率,进而增强免疫细胞分泌细胞因子和特异性抗体水平。本发明将提供多肽抗原的高效免疫载体,在提高疫苗效率及疫病防控方面发挥重要作用,具有广泛的应用前景。
Description
技术领域:本发明涉及生物技术领域,尤其是涉及一种用鸡恒定链胞浆区和跨膜区多肽片段构建疫苗载体及其应用。
背景技术:疫苗是防控传染病的主要工具。常规疫苗中的抗原分子诱导动物机体产生特异性抗原或淋巴细胞,保护动物。在诱导动物产生特异性免疫时,动物MHC分子起了转运结合抗原肽的作用。MHC分子是脊椎动物多态性最高的分子,它们选择性地与抗原肽结合,即经处理的抗原分子成为多肽(抗原肽),进入MHC分子中特有的凹槽,与相应的MHC分子结合,并转运到细胞表面。在此过程中,病原体的蛋白分子含多种抗原肽,大部分不是保护性抗原,然而它们均被提呈,所以难以保证具有功能的特定保护性抗原被有效提呈而发挥作用。
恒定链是MHCII类分子的伴侣蛋白,由胞浆区、跨膜区和内质网腔区三个片段组成(Koch N,Lauer W,Habicht J,Dobberstein B:Primary structure of the gene for themurine Ia antigen-associated invariant chains(Ii).An alternatively splicedexon encodes a cysteine-rich domain highly homologous to a repetitivesequence of thyroglobulin.EMBO J1987,6:1677-1683)。在MHCII类分子提呈抗原肽过程中,恒定链起着辅助作用。在MHCII类分子成熟过程中,恒定链与之结合,其CLIP占据MHCII类分子的凹槽,防止内源性多肽进入(Ghosh P,Amaya M,Mellins E,Wiley DC.Thestructure of an intermediate in class II MHC maturation:CLIP bound to HLA-DR3.Nature,1995,378:457-462)。在成熟的MHCII类分子,在其他辅助因子的作用下,恒定链被解离,外源性抗原肽进入凹槽。根据恒定链的这种特性,有的将恒定链内质网腔区中的CLIP(class II-associated invariant chain peptide)用抗原肽进行替换(Nagata T,Aoshi T,Suzuki M et al.Induction of protective immunity to Listeriamonocytogenes by immunization with plasmid DNA expressing a helper T-cellepitope that replaces the class II-associated invariant chain peptide of theinvariant chain.Infect Immun,2002;70(5):2676-80.Gao M,Wang HP,Wang YN etal.HCV-NS3Th1minigene vaccine based on invariant chain CLIP geneticsubstitution enhances CD4(+)Th1cell responses in vivo[J].Vaccine,2006;24(26):5491-7),或者用CLIP区N端前4个肽(即Ii-key)作为引导片段(Xu M,Lu X,Sposato M etal.Ii-Key/HPV16E7hybrid peptide immunotherapy for HPV16+cancers.Vaccine,2009;27(34):4641-7.Zinckgraf JW,Sposato M,Zielinski V et al.Identification of HLAclass II H5N1 hemagglutinin epitopes following subvirion influenza A(H5N1)vaccination.Vaccine,2009;27(39):5393-401),进行靶向结合MHCII分子,提高免疫效果。我们的研究发现,这两种方式均能提高免疫效果(孟凡涛,陈芳芳,余为一.两种恒定链活性片段载体在增强抗体分泌中的作用比较.中国免疫学杂志.2012.28:579-683);但是在继续研究恒定链靶向活性片段时发现,鸡恒定链N端的胞浆区、跨膜区和内质网腔区N端部分序列在细胞膜定位和与MHCII结合中起关键作用(图5,图6)。进一步用这两个片段作为载体,连接已知抗原肽,构建靶向MHCII类分子的融合蛋白抗原。免疫动物后,可以提高特异性抗体效价。比用抗原肽取代恒定链的CLIP提高了约5倍,比与Ii-key连接抗原肽则提高约2倍(图7)。这可能是因为恒定链的C端内质网腔区,约有142个氨基酸,占整个恒定链分子的64%,在与MHCII分子结合的同时,干扰了抗原肽与淋巴细胞表面受体的结合,影响淋巴细胞的活化,并使增强抗体产生作用的下降。而用Ii-key四肽作为载体,由于四肽并不能与MHCII分子稳定结合,同样达不到最佳效果。只有以鸡恒定链的胞浆区和跨膜区为载体的抗原肽融合分子,既能在胞膜区定位,又能与MHCII分子结合,并且没有干扰与淋巴细胞表面受体的不必要的片段而由抗原肽很好结合并诱导淋巴细胞活化,所以能获得最佳免疫诱导效果。。
发明内容:本发明解决的问题在于提供一种靶向鸡MHCII类分子的疫 苗载体,使与之连接的抗原肽直接进入MHCII类分子递呈途径,以提高活化免疫细胞和增强特异性免疫应答效果。该载体可以连接各种具保护性抗原肽(包括多价抗原肽)。
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现:
一种诱导高效免疫应答具有靶向鸡MHCII类分子的载体,是将抗原肽与恒定链的胞浆区、跨膜区和内腔区前段(如附图1)的序列的C端与抗原肽的N端连接。
所描述的载体是由上述区段的氨基酸序列组成如图2所示。在构建含有抗原肽时,通过图3的大引物核苷酸序列用PCR将载体与抗原肽核酸序列连接。
所描述的抗原肽是具有保护性或者其他功能性(如T细胞依赖性抗原肽或脱敏原),其末端含有恒定链的胞浆区、跨膜区和内腔区前段C端下游的2个氨基酸序列的核苷酸。在构建含抗原肽核苷酸片段时,该6个核苷酸序列被包含在5′端的引物中。
该载体可应用于各种亚单位疫苗的制备。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益的技术效果:
本发明把具有膜定位和结合MHCII类分子的恒定链胞浆区、跨膜区和内质网腔区前段作为抗原肽载体,使所携带的抗原肽与MHCII类分子共定位于细胞膜(图4),并靶向结合MHCII类分子(图5),从而提高了抗原肽被递呈给淋巴细胞表面受体,实现高效激活特异性免疫细胞。
本发明所构建的疫苗载体,根据用新城疫病毒保护性短肽F2蛋白所进行鸡的实验结果表明,通过靶向MHCII而得到高效免疫应答,其诱导产生的特异性免疫抗体效价比单独用抗原肽免疫的抗体效价高9倍(图7);其诱导产生的IL-2提高3倍;在保护性试验中,实验组的发病率低于、而保护率则高于单独用抗原肽免疫的对照组。
本发明构建的载体还具有携带多价抗原肽的疫苗载体应用。载体可以连接多达60至80个氨基酸残基,这些可包含至少3个不同来源的抗原肽。这些抗原肽均可诱导机体产生针对不同的抗原肽的特异性抗体。
附图说明:
图1载体结构(Ii结构、载体与抗原肽示意图)
图2载体连接抗原肽方式与核苷酸序列
图3多价抗原肽连接的方式与核苷酸序列
图4鸡恒定链载体、抗原肽和载体-抗原肽核苷酸片段以及重组质粒双酶切鉴定图
图5鸡恒定链载体、载体-抗原肽与MHCII类分子的细胞膜共定位
图6鸡恒定链载体、载体-抗原肽与MHCII类分子的免疫共沉淀与免疫印迹
图7鸡恒定链载体-抗原肽与单一抗原肽诱导特异性免疫的效果比较
具体实施方式
本发明将保护性抗原肽或其他功能性(如病毒、细菌或肿瘤的)抗原肽连接恒定链载体,最后插入原核表达载体诱导表达。
实施例1:载体-单一抗原肽的构建与应用
1.总RNA抽提
使用Trizol Reagent抽提鸡脾脏细胞总RNA。具体操作方法如下:取30~50mg脾脏用组织研磨器研碎分两次加入1000μL Trizol,充分研磨。将液体移入1.5mL离心管中,12000rpm,5min,4℃离心,将上清移入新的1.5mL离心管中,室温静置5min。加入200μL氯仿(每1mL Trizol试剂加入0.2mL 氯仿),剧烈振荡15s,室温静置5min,4℃,12,000rpm,离心15min。小心将上层无色液相转移到另一无菌RNase-free的1.5mL离心管中,加入500μL异丙醇(每1mL Trizol试剂加入0.5mL异丙醇)充分混匀,室温静置10min,4℃,12,000rpm,离心10min。弃上清,加入1000μL75%乙醇(RNA专用,每1mL Trizol试剂至少加入1mL75%无水乙醇)洗涤,涡旋混匀后,4℃,12000rpm,5min。弃上清,室温干燥1~2min,加入50μL无菌RNase-free双蒸水溶解n。离心管内的溶液即为鸡脾脏细胞总RNA样品,可立即使用或者-80℃保存。注意:以上操作均需戴一次性无菌手套且勤换,严防RNA酶的污染。提取的RNA在1.2%的琼脂糖凝胶中进行检测并用紫外线分光光度计上测定260nm和280nm吸光度值,观察RNA的完整性并计算RNA浓度和纯度。
2.反转录获cDNA
以提取的总RNA为模板,用Oligo dT引物进行反转录。具体操作按如下进行:
在微量离心管中依次加入如下溶液:RNA,1μg;Oligo dT引物(50μM),1.0μL;dNTPMix(10Mm),1.0μL;无RNase水至10.0μL。混匀后,离心3~5s,65℃水浴5min变性退火,立即冰浴冷却。然后依次加入下列溶液:5×PrimescriptTM Buffer,4.0μL;RNase抑制剂(40U/μL),0.5μL;PrimescriptTMRtase(200U/μL),1.0μL;无Rnase水至20.0μL。42℃60min,70℃15min以终止反应。-20℃保存。
3.扩增全长恒定链序列
以cDNA第一链为模板,分别以atggctgaggagcagcg为上游引物和ctacttggctttcacca为下游引物,进行PCR扩增。PCR反应体系:10×LAPCR Buffer(Mg2+),5.0μL;dNTP Mixture(2.5mM),4.0μL;P1(20μM),1.0μL;P2(20μM),1.0μL;cDNA,2.0μL;LA TaqDNA聚合酶,0.5μL;加ddH20 至总容积50.0μL。恒定链基因按以下程序进行扩增:95℃预变性5min;94℃变性30s,55℃退火30s,72℃延伸1min,30个循环,72℃延伸8min。同时设灭菌的双蒸水作为空白对照。PCR结束后,取3μL反应产物于1.0%琼脂糖凝胶中进行电泳检测鉴定。然后经1.5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳后,切下目的基因片段,采用DNA凝胶回收试剂盒(DNA GelExtraction Kit)回收纯化目的基因片段。电泳和测序鉴定后保存。
4.构建恒定链(胞浆区、跨膜区和部分内质网腔区)载体片段
以上述步骤3中所获得的PCR产物全长恒定链为模板,以ccggaattcatggctgaggagcagcg为上游引物;gcgtcgacctacttcctctgcagcgactc为下游引物(下划线所标注分别为EocR I和Sal I的酶切位点)扩增恒定链载体片段(图2)。PCR反应体系:10×ExPCR Buffer(Mg2+),5.0μL;dNTP Mixture(2.5mM),4.0μL;上游引物(20μM),1.0μL;下游引物(20μM),1.0μL;模板,1.0μL;ExTaq DNA聚合酶,0.5μL;加ddH20至总容积50.0μL。按以下程序进行扩增:98℃变性10s,58℃退火30s,72℃延伸1min,30个循环,72℃延伸8min。同时设灭菌的双蒸水作为空白对照。纯化回收获得的序列同前。电泳和测序鉴定后保存。其核苷酸序列为:
atggctgaggagcagcgggacctcatctcctccgatggcagcagtggggtgctccccattgggaacagcgagagatcctcgcttggccgcagaactgcgctgtcagcgctgtccatcctggtggcactgctgatcgccggccaggctgtcaccatctactatgtgtaccagcagagcgggcagatcagcaagctgaccaagacctcgcagaccctgaagctggagtcgctgcagaggaag;氨基酸序列为:
MAEEQRDLISSDGSSGVLPIGNSERSSLGRRTALSALSILVALLIAGQAVTIYYVYQQSGQISKLTKTSQTLKLESLQRK
5.连接载体与抗原肽片段
5.1修饰恒定链载体片段。以上述步骤4所获得的恒定链载体片段为模板,以ccggaattcatggctgaggagcagcg(下划线所标注为EocR I的酶切位点)为上游 引物;gatgttggcagcattcttcctctgcagcgac(下划线为重叠延伸部分)为下游引物。PCR反应体系:10×ExPCR Buffer(Mg2+),5.0μL;dNTP Mixture(2.5mM),4.0μL;上游引物(20μM),1.0μL;下游引物(20μM),1.0μL;模板,1.0μL;Ex Taq DNA聚合酶,0.5μL;加ddH20至总容积50.0μL。按以下程序进行扩增:98℃变性10s,58℃退火30s,72℃延伸1min,30个循环,72℃延伸8min。同时设灭菌的双蒸水作为空白对照。纯化回收获得的序列同前。
5.2修饰抗原肽片段。以扩增抗原肽片段(鸡新城疫病毒F基因的片段为例:陈芳芳,禽类MHCII类分子结构与抗病性关系和基于Ii-Key的病毒抗原免疫作用的研究。博士论文,2011年,安徽农业大学)为模板,以 gtcgctgcagaggaagaatgctgccaacatc为上游引物(下划线为重叠延伸部分)、gcgtcgacctacatcttcccaactgc为下游引物(下划线为Sal I酶切位点重叠延伸部分)。PCR反应体系:10×ExPCR Buffer(Mg2+),5.0μL;dNTP Mixture(2.5mM),4.0μL;上游引物(20μM),1.0μL;下游引物(20μM),1.0μL;以F2抗原片段为模板,1.0μL;ExTaq DNA聚合酶,0.5μL;加ddH20至总容积50.0μL。按以下程序进行扩增:98℃变性10s,58℃退火30s,72℃延伸1min,30个循环,72℃延伸8min。同时设灭菌的双蒸水作为空白对照。纯化回收获得的序列同前。
5.3以重叠延伸PCR方法连接恒定链载体与抗原肽。以第一步和第二步扩增产物为模板,上游引物外为步骤5.1的上游引物,下游引物为5.2的下游引物。PCR反应体系:10×ExPCR Buffer(Mg2+),5.0μL;dNTP Mixture(2.5mM),4.0μL;上游引物(20μM),1.0μL;下游引物(20μM),1.0μL;2个模板,各1.0μL;Ex Taq DNA聚合酶,0.5μL;加ddH20至总容积50.0μL。按以下程序进行扩增:98℃变性10s,58℃退火30s,72℃延伸1min,30个循环,72℃延伸8min。同时设灭菌的双蒸水作为空白对照。纯化回收获得的序列同前。电泳和测序鉴定后保存。
6.构建载体-抗原肽原核表达重组质粒
6.1载体-抗原肽融合基因和质粒的双酶切。将回收的载体-抗原肽融合基因和质粒分别置以下系统进行酶切:融合基因/质粒,各800ng;EcoR I酶,1.0μL;Sal I酶,1.0μL;10×H Buffer,3.0μL,至终容积30.0μL。孵育37℃,1h。核酸的纯化回收同前。
6.2载体-抗原肽融合基因和质粒的连接转化和鉴定。按以下系统进行连接:酶切载体-抗原肽融合基因产物,0.3pmol;酶切后质粒产物,0.03pmol;T4DNA ligase,1.0μL;10×T4DNA Buffer,约2.5μL至终容积25.0μL。置16℃,反应1h。将连接好的产物转化工程菌感受态细胞。以常规菌液PCR鉴定阳性重组质粒。
7.载体-抗原肽融合基因的表达和提取
7.1制备重组工程菌。用常规方法制备感受态工程菌。
7.2蛋白的诱导表达。挑取重组菌单菌落,接入2.0mL含Amp的LB液体培养基中,37℃静置培养过夜;取适量过夜培养物按1:100接入500mL含Amp的LB液体培养基中,37℃230rpm振荡培养3.0h至对数生长期;加入IPTG继续振荡培养诱导4.0h。用常规方法浓缩蛋白,采用切胶法或柱层析提取和纯化载体-抗原肽融合蛋白。用SDS-PAGE电泳检测蛋白纯度。
8.融合蛋白的免疫学活性检测
8.1实验动物的免疫。选择3-4周龄健康鸡10羽,分2组,免疫抗原分别为抗原肽和载体-抗原肽。肌肉注射,初次免疫按3μg/k体重计算(按体积比1:1的比例与弗氏完全佐剂混匀),10天后再次免疫(加弗氏不完全佐剂),第20天三免,剂量等同第2次。三免疫后1周翅静脉采血,分离血清。
8.2ELISA检测特异性抗血清效价。用抗原肽进行包被,并设立空载体表达蛋白为对照,抗融合蛋白抗血清作为一抗,以辣根过氧化酶标记的山羊抗鸡Ig为二抗,按常规方法进行。
实施例2:载体-多价抗原肽的构建与应用
1.鸡恒定链的克隆。mRNA提取、反转录获cDNA和扩增全长恒定链序列同实施例1方法步骤的1至3。
2.构建多价抗原肽片段
2.1引物设计。设计3对引物分别扩增抗原肽1,抗原肽2和抗原肽3片段(图3):
P1上游/P1下游:P1上游:含保护碱基、EcoRI酶切位点和编码病原A保护性抗原肽核苷酸序列的起始区;P1下游:含保护碱基、SalI酶切位点和编码病原A保护性抗原肽核苷酸序列的终止区;
P2上游/P2下游:P2上游:含保护碱基、SalI酶切位点和编码病原B保护性抗原肽核苷酸序列的起始区;P2下游:含保护碱基、BgLII酶切位点和编码病原B保护性抗原肽核苷酸序列的终止区;
P3上游/P3下游:P3上游:含保护碱基、BgLII酶切位点和编码病原C保护性抗原肽核苷酸序列的起始区;P3下游:含保护碱基、XhoI酶切位点和编码病原C保护性抗原肽核苷酸序列的终止区。
2.2构建多价抗原肽
具体方法:按照常规PCR方法,分别扩增抗原肽1、抗原肽2和抗原肽3三个片段。PCR扩增后的抗原肽1和抗原肽2产物分别用Sal I进行单酶切。具体为:抗原肽1(或者抗原肽2)片段25.5μL,Sal I酶1.5μL,10×H Buffer,3.0μL,至总容积30.0μL,DNA凝胶方法回收酶切产物抗原肽1和抗原肽2。用T4连接酶连接抗原肽1和抗原肽2,1h。以连接产物为模板,以引物P1上游和P2下游扩增抗原肽1和抗原肽2获得抗原肽1-抗原肽2重组片段。将获得该重组片段与抗原肽3片段分别用BgLII进行单酶切后回收,并用T4连接酶进行连接,再以抗原肽1-抗原肽2-抗原肽3的连接产物为模板,用引物P1上游和P3下游,扩增含三个抗原肽片段的重组多价抗原肽。
3.连接载体片段与抗原肽序列、构建载体-抗原肽原核表达重组质粒、载体-抗原肽融合基因的表达和提取和融合蛋白的免疫学活性检测同实施例1方法步骤的6、7和8。
Claims (3)
1.一种靶向结合鸡MHCII类分子的疫苗载体,其特征在于,所述载体由鸡恒定链N端80个氨基酸残基组成,并在其C端与抗原肽连接;与载体连接的抗原肽片段包括由一种病原保护性抗原表位的单一抗原肽和由多种病原保护性抗原表位连接而成的多价抗原肽。
2.根据权利要求1所述的疫苗载体,其特征在于:所述的80个氨基酸残基是由鸡恒定链的N端的胞浆区、跨膜区和部分内质网腔区组成的片段,编码该片段的核苷酸序列的3′端连接抗原肽核苷酸序列,构成载体/抗原肽融合基因。
3.一种权利要求1所述的疫苗载体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)构建编码鸡恒定链N端80个氨基酸残基的基因片段;
2)构建所需要的编码抗原肽核苷酸序列;
3)将编码1)所述鸡恒定链N端80个氨基酸残基的基因片段3′端与2)所述的编码抗原肽核苷酸序列5′相连接;
4)将3)所述的融合基因插入原核表达质粒。
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