CN103819094A - Method for preparing foam glass with plant ash and waste glass - Google Patents
Method for preparing foam glass with plant ash and waste glass Download PDFInfo
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- CN103819094A CN103819094A CN201410092750.6A CN201410092750A CN103819094A CN 103819094 A CN103819094 A CN 103819094A CN 201410092750 A CN201410092750 A CN 201410092750A CN 103819094 A CN103819094 A CN 103819094A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing foam glass with plant ash and waste glass. The method is characterized in that the plant ash and the waste glass are used as raw materials and mixed uniformly by a ball mill or a mixer so as to obtain a mixture; the mixture is poured into a die on a vibration table, enabled to be distributed densely and uniformly through vibration and then placed into a furnace to be fired, so that the foam glass is obtained. According to the method, a lot of solid waste of the plant ash and the waste glass is used, and no chemical additive is required, so that the production cost can be reduced substantially, the energy can be saved effectively, the environment can be protected, the waste can be changed into wealth, and the method has remarkable social benefit and economic benefit; the plant ash foam glass produced with the method is excellent in performance, has the advantages of light weight, high strength, good heat-insulation performance and the like, can meet requirements of buildings for heat insulation, is an excellent Level-A incombustible outer wall heat-insulation material and can be used as a substitute for roof and outer wall heat-insulation materials.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of manufacture method of multicellular glass, relate in particular to a kind of method of utilizing plant ash and cullet to prepare multicellular glass.
Background technology
" 2010 building energy conservation target with the year two thousand twenty building energy conservation far-seeing plan target " regulation that building material industry association issues: by 2010 only, start building energy conservation and popularization green building, average energy saving reaches 50% comprehensively; From 2010 to the year two thousand twenty, all building energy-saving standards are implemented in full, and average energy saving reaches 65%.Because body of wall in the power loss of Chinese house house accounts for the largest percentage (accounting for 50%), therefore urgently need carry out modernization overlay to external wall, the market of wall heat insulation material will increase considerably.
On the other hand, the fire failure that Chinese Central Television's new address BeiPeiLou fire in 2009, " 11.15 " Jing'an District, Shanghai wildfire in 2010, Shenyang feudal dynasty ten thousand February 3 in 2011 prosperous International Building fire contour level architecture exterior wall insulating materials cause takes place frequently, cause great society and politics impact, build inflammable flammable heat insulating material for external and caused the extensive concern of various circles of society, research and development A level incombustible construction external-wall heat-insulation material becomes the active demand of the whole society.
Multicellular glass is the porous glass material that a kind of inside is full of countless even bubbles, has many premium propertiess such as density is low, intensity is high, thermal conductivity is little.Multicellular glass becomes current study hotspot as the exploration of external-wall heat-insulation material.Conventional foam glass is to utilize glass powder to add the raw materials such as whipping agent, suds-stabilizing agent to mix, the material that light weight, intensity are high, thermal conductivity is low obtaining through foaming annealing.The preparation of current lower-cost Foam Glass except needs basic raw material powder coal ash and glass powder, also needs to add whipping agent, suds-stabilizing agent, properties-correcting agent, promotor etc. equally, and adding of these raw materials also needs a large amount of costs.
China is a large agricultural country, and biomass resource is abundant.The acquiring way of plant ash is very many: the life fuel burning of peasant convention, the burning of biomass direct-fired power plant, is used petroleum chemical enterprise's burning of biomass fuel etc.Carry out recycling although part high-quality plant ash can be used as potash fertilizer, most of plant ash becomes waste.Due to plant ash and cullet cost very low, utilize both to produce multicellular glass, can turn waste into wealth, make full use of its surplus value, open up a new approach for preparing multicellular glass, fully meet China formulate the large policy of energy-saving and emission-reduction.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of utilizing plant ash and the multicellular glass that cullet preparation cost is low, energy consumption is little, performance is good.
Technical solution problem of the present invention, adopts following technical scheme:
The present invention utilizes plant ash and cullet to prepare the method for multicellular glass, and its feature is: take plant ash and cullet as starting material, take ball mill or mixing machine that plant ash and cullet are mixed, obtain compound; On shaking table, described compound is poured in mould, made by vibration that compound is closely knit to be uniformly distributed, then put into stove and fire, obtain described multicellular glass.
Preferably, described plant ash quality accounts for the 10-40% of mixture quality; Described cullet quality accounts for the 60-90% of mixture quality.
Preferably, the particle diameter of described plant ash is not more than 200 orders, and described cullet particle size range is 140-200 order.
Preferably, described plant ash is one or more any mixing in softwood tree ash, deciduous tree ash, undershrub ash, straw ash and sunflower stalk ash.
Preferably, described cullet is one or more any mixing in discarded sheet glass, discarded figured glass, waste bottles glass or discarded cathode-ray tube glass.
Preferably, the condition of described vibration is: vibrational frequency is 50HZ, and amplitude is 5mm, and direction of vibration is at vertical and horizontal direction vibration, time of vibration 2～5s.
Preferably, described in, firing is to carry out as follows: rise to 350-450 ℃ from room temperature with the temperature rise rate of 5-8 ℃/min, insulation 20-30min; Rise to 800-1000 ℃ with the temperature rise rate of 10-20 ℃/min again, insulation 20-30min; Be cooled to 500～700 ℃ with the rate of temperature fall of 15～20 ℃/min again, insulation 20～30min; Then be down to room temperature with the rate of temperature fall of 0.2～2 ℃/min.
Compared with the prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
1, the invention provides the method for only utilizing plant ash and two kinds of basic raw materials of cullet to prepare multicellular glass, without chemical additive, significantly reduce production costs; Preparation technology is simple, process non-secondary pollution deposits yields, environmental friendliness, firing temperature are low, obtains higher economic benefit in solving environmental issue;
2, the present invention utilizes plant ash and cullet to prepare the method for multicellular glass, the K that the main ingredient of plant ash is 8%-30%
2cO
3, 10%-40% CaCO
3, 1.5%-3% P
2o
5, 1% left and right Na
2o and 20%-75%SiO
2deng, K wherein
2cO
3and CaCO
3can be used as whipping agent, P
2o
5can be used as suds-stabilizing agent, Na
2o and K
2o can be used as fusing assistant, effectively improves the heat-insulating property of multicellular glass;
3, the multicellular glass intensity of manufacture of the present invention is high, thermal conductivity is low, water-intake rate is low, proportion is little, has the features such as fire prevention, waterproof, not aging, corrosion-resistant, "dead", good stability of the dimension, can be used as good insulation, lagging material;
4, multicellular glass of the present invention, as research and development and the commercial application of A level uninflammability external-wall heat-insulation material, is the powerful guarantee that realizes China's building energy conservation strategy, meets the great demand of country of China fire safety.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the real composition collection of illustrative plates of softwood tree ash and straw ash.
Specific embodiment
The present invention utilizes plant ash and cullet to prepare the method for multicellular glass, is take plant ash and cullet as starting material, takes ball mill or V-Mixer that plant ash and cullet are mixed, and obtains compound; On shaking table, compound is poured in mould uniformly, then put into stove and fire, obtain multicellular glass.
In order to analyse in depth method of the present invention, do following research:
1, formulating
1.1 cullet
We take x-ray fluorescence analysis to record the composition of discarding oxide compound in sheet glass in Table 1-1.
The chemical composition of the discarded sheet glass of table 1-1
Discarded sheet glass is the main raw material of manufacturing multicellular glass, and quality and the production process system of its performance quality on product has important impact.SiO
2be the main component of cullet, it is fused into the liquid with certain viscosity in the time heating up, and is beneficial to the bubble that storage foam material produces, and solidifies and bubble is wrapped up, thereby form multicellular glass when cooling.Al
2o
3content is high can improve Vitrea intensity, and can broadening sintering temperature, makes product molding be easy to control; Fe
2o
3can bring out glass phase-splitting and crystallization, also can improve Vitrea intensity simultaneously.Other cullet are as also similar with table 1 in discarded figured glass, waste bottles glass or discarded cathode-ray tube glass chemical composition.Granularity as raw-material cullet is moderate, if particle is excessively thick, swelling property is poor, forms thick multicellular glass; Otherwise swelling property is good, but be unfavorable for the even mixing of whipping agent; Experimental results demonstrate best results when the granularity of cullet can be all by 140-200 mesh sieve (particle diameter be 70-100 micron).
1.2 plant ash
We take x-ray fluorescence analysis to record each plant ash oxide compound to form in Table 1-2.
The chemical composition of the various plant ash of table 1-2
Wherein, deciduous tree ash is phoenix tree limb burning ashes, and softwood tree ash is pine ash, and undershrub is grey is the Moellendorfs Spidemoss Herb leaf ashes that burn, the ash sample that straw ash provides for certain rice straw and straw coal-fired power plant.What in table 1-2, show is the content of principal element, determine its compound form, must record by X-ray diffraction analysis.In softwood tree ash and straw ash real composition collection of illustrative plates as shown in Figure 1, the K that the main ingredient of finding these two kinds of plant ash in figure is 8%-30%
2cO
3, 10%-40% CaCO
3, 1.5%-3% P
2o
5, 1% left and right Na
2o and 20%-75%SiO
2deng.K wherein
2cO
3and CaCO
3can be used as whipping agent, P
2o
5can be used as suds-stabilizing agent, Na
2o and K
2o can be used as fusing assistant, or else adds in the situation of other components, can make foamed glass foaming success, effectively improves the performance of multicellular glass.Experimental results demonstrate best results when the granularity of plant ash can be all by 200 mesh sieves (particle diameter be for being not more than 70 microns).
2, process choice
2.1 raw-material mixing
Being not more than between 200 object plant ash and particle diameter 140-200 order cullet powder must full and uniform mixing, could obtain the foam glass product of high-quality.Therefore adopt ball mill or mixing machine, can mix so more even.
2.2 forming method
If directly compound is poured in mould, compound can random accumulation in mould, its surface irregularity, and the middle space varying in size that exists, this is foam glass product performance of impact preparation greatly.So mould must be placed on shaking table, regulating the vibration frequency of shaking table is 50HZ, and amplitude is 5mm, in vertical and horizontal direction vibrations, compound is poured in mould simultaneously, under oscillating action, compound can be in mould closely knit and distribution uniformly.
2.3 sintering procedure
Multicellular glass is the heterogeneous system that the gas of balance, solid two-phase form.Low density foam glass, its gas phase accounts for the more than 90% of cubic capacity.In the forming process of foam bubbles, the viscosity of melten glass liquid is gentle, the surface tension at liquid interface has important effect.Glass melt has enough large viscosity can stop breaking of bubble wall film, prevents communicating aperture, and surface tension is little to be conducive to promote walls attenuation be beneficial to the density that reduces multicellular glass.The viscosity of glass melt and surface tension are all the functions of temperature, can be by regulating the height of blowing temperature, and the length of foamed time control effectively.The important step that multicellular glass is produced so formulate rational firing temperature system.In order to make powder even foaming, if rate of heating is preferably controlled, heat-up rate is too fast within the specific limits, and not only foaming size is uneven, and on also there being impact the work-ing life of metal die.The sintering technology of multicellular glass is roughly divided into a stage preheating, foaming, stable, annealing.
A, preheating: rise to 350-450 ℃ from room temperature with the temperature rise rate of 5-8 ℃/min, insulation 20-30min.
Because the thermal conductivity of the compound of powdery is smaller, directly enter firing furnace and can cause the decomposition oxidation of top layer whipping agent and the too early melting of Watch glass powder, make compound ectonexine temperature head compared with large and cause foaming inhomogeneous.Therefore must before burning till, carry out preheating, preheating temperature should, below the decomposition temperature of whipping agent, be generally 350-450 ℃.Be generally 20-30min warm up time.Preheating temperature is unsuitable too high, and warm up time is also unsuitable long.All can make too high preheating temperature and long warm up time the whipping agent on top layer decompose prematurely oxidation, make product surface porcelain, even make goods foaming difficulty and density increase.Warm is mainly chemically-bonded water, planar water and the free-water of taking off in admixtion.
B, foaming: the temperature rise rate with 10-20 ℃/min rises to 800-1000 ℃, insulation 20-30min.
Compound after preheating is heated rapidly, and the object being rapidly heated is the decomposition that prevents that whipping agent is too much, and the gas phase that makes along with the intensification of base substrate sharply to increase is wrapped in base substrate and do not overflow, thereby can obtain more gas phase.But can not take too fast temperature rise rate, because there has been bubble formation the admixtion inside of melting, heat conductivility variation, heats up and can cause too soon material non-uniform temperature everywhere, causes foaming uneven, affects the air hole structure of material.After being warmed up to blowing temperature, need to be incubated for some time.Within the scope of the blowing temperature of multicellular glass, blowing temperature can be got high value also can get low value, as long as choose corresponding foamed time, just can obtain needed foam glass product.The high required foamed time of blowing temperature is just shorter, and the low required foamed time of blowing temperature is just longer.But blowing temperature is too low, the long meeting of foamed time makes the surperficial porcelain of goods, is unfavorable for making low density foam glass.Blowing temperature is too high, and the too short meeting of foamed time makes the inside and outside bubble diameter inequality of goods, and the bubble aperture of surrounding is larger, and blowing temperature to get over the high-foaming time shorter, this aperture difference is also larger.Generally more stable with middle temperature foaming, bubble diameter is more even, and the defects such as bulla, communicating aperture, depression are fewer, and the yield rate of goods is also higher.
C, surely bubble: be cooled to 500～700 ℃ with the rate of temperature fall of 15～20 ℃/min, insulation 20～30min.
In the time that foaming finishes, rapidly sample is cooled to 500-700 ℃ of left and right, it is fast that speed of cooling is wanted, generally at 15-20 ℃/min.Its objective is the air hole structure of generation is fixed up rapidly.Because sample is cooling rapidly, will produce stress, for eliminating stress, the multicellular glass after foaming is cooled to annealing beginning temperature to be incubated.After multicellular glass after foaming is cooling, temperature-fall period will inevitably be expanded to center from surrounding, the surrounding top layer of goods can form very soon one deck cured layer and expand to center gradually, start insulation in this temperature, can slow down cured layer to the propagation rate at center, make goods inside still have certain continuation foamed time, overcome temperature head and time difference in foaming process, make the outer compensation that the contraction that causes obtains of solidifying simultaneously, can reduce significantly the defect such as depression, crack of goods.
D, annealing: the rate of temperature fall with 0.2～2 ℃/min is down to room temperature.
Then turn off power supply and naturally cool to room temperature.The annealing cool speed of multicellular glass is not only relevant with chemical constitution, the thickness of goods, also relevant with the structure of goods, density, thermal expansivity etc.Because the thermal conductivity of multicellular glass is little, its annealing cool speed is much slower than the annealing cool speed of simple glass, and total cool down time is more than 24 hours.The annealing cool speed of multicellular glass generally should be slower with the Xu Lengwei master's, particularly low-temperature zone of constant speed of cooling speed of cooling.Speed of cooling can make the stress of goods increase soon, strength decreased, and the decrease in yield of product, the while also can make the post-treatment degradation of multicellular glass.
Adopt the foam glass product property detection method of the building material industry standard JC/T647-2005 of the People's Republic of China (PRC) to test, the overall performance of the multicellular glass of preparing by present method is: volume density 153-186kg/m
3; Ultimate compression strength 0.75-0.96Mpa; Folding strength 0.64-0.82MPa; Volume water absorption rate 0.42-0.58%; Thermal conductivity 0.068-0.074W/ (m.K) under room temperature.These goods reach industry standard.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is prepared multicellular glass as follows:
Take and account for gross weight 30%, particle size range 200-250 object straw ash and account for gross weight 70%, the discarded sheet glass of particle size range 140-200 object; Take mixing machine that both are mixed, obtain compound; On shaking table, compound is poured in mould (450mm × 350mm × 100mm), regulating the vibrational frequency of shaking table is 50HZ, and amplitude is 5mm, at vertical and horizontal direction vibration 2s, compound is distributed closely knit and even; Mould is put into stove, rise to 400 ℃ from room temperature with 5 ℃/min temperature rise rate, insulation 25min; Rise to 900 ℃ with 20 ℃/min temperature rise rate again, insulation 25min; Be cooled to 600 ℃ with the rate of temperature fall of 20 ℃/min again, insulation 30min; Then be cooled to room temperature with the rate of temperature fall of 1 ℃/min, finally obtain multicellular glass.The parameters of the multicellular glass of preparing by present method is respectively: volume density 156kg/m
3; Ultimate compression strength 0.76Mpa; Folding strength 0.66MPa; Volume water absorption rate 0.45%; Thermal conductivity 0.069W/ (m.K) under room temperature.These goods reach industry standard.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is prepared multicellular glass as follows:
Take and account for gross weight 25%, particle size range 200-250 object softwood tree ash and account for gross weight 75%, particle size range 140-200 object figured glass; Take ball mill that both are mixed, obtain compound; On shaking table, compound is poured in mould (450mm × 350mm × 100mm), regulating the vibrational frequency of shaking table is 50HZ, and amplitude is 5mm, at vertical and horizontal direction vibration 3s, compound is distributed closely knit and even; Mould is put into stove, rise to 450 ℃ from room temperature with 6 ℃/min temperature rise rate, insulation 20min; Rise to 950 ℃ with 15 ℃/min temperature rise rate again, insulation 20min; Be cooled to 600 ℃ with the rate of temperature fall of 20 ℃/min again, insulation 30min; Then be cooled to room temperature with the rate of temperature fall of 1 ℃/min, finally obtain multicellular glass.The parameters of the multicellular glass of preparing by present method is respectively: volume density 165kg/m
3; Ultimate compression strength 0.85Mpa; Folding strength 0.74MPa; Volume water absorption rate 0.49%; Thermal conductivity 0.071W/ (m.K) under room temperature.These goods reach industry standard.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is prepared multicellular glass as follows:
Take and account for gross weight 20%, particle size range 200-250 object sunflower stalk ash and account for gross weight 80%, the useless container glass of particle size range 140-200 object; Take mixing machine that both are mixed, obtain compound; On shaking table, compound is poured in mould (450mm × 350mm × 100mm), regulating the vibrational frequency of shaking table is 50HZ, and amplitude is 5mm, at vertical and horizontal direction vibrations 5s, compound is distributed closely knit and even; Mould is put into stove, rise to 400 ℃ from room temperature with 7 ℃/min temperature rise rate, insulation 25min; Rise to 900 ℃ with 20 ℃/min temperature rise rate again, insulation 25min; Be cooled to 600 ℃ with the rate of temperature fall of 15 ℃/min again, insulation 30min; Then be cooled to room temperature with the rate of temperature fall of 1 ℃/min, finally obtain multicellular glass.The parameters of the multicellular glass of preparing by present method is respectively: volume density 182kg/m
3; Ultimate compression strength 0.91Mpa; Folding strength 0.77MPa; Volume water absorption rate 0.52%; Thermal conductivity 0.074W/ (m.K) under room temperature.These goods reach industry standard.
Claims (7)
1. utilize plant ash and cullet to prepare the method for multicellular glass, it is characterized in that: take plant ash and cullet as starting material, take ball mill or mixing machine that plant ash and cullet are mixed, obtain compound; On shaking table, described compound is poured in mould, made by vibration that compound is closely knit to be uniformly distributed, then put into stove and fire, obtain described multicellular glass.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described plant ash quality accounts for the 10-40% of mixture quality; Described cullet quality accounts for the 60-90% of mixture quality.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the particle diameter of described plant ash is not more than 200 orders, and described cullet particle size range is 140-200 order.
4. method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described plant ash is one or more any mixing in softwood tree ash, deciduous tree ash, undershrub ash, straw ash and sunflower stalk ash.
5. method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described cullet is one or more any mixing in discarded sheet glass, discarded figured glass, waste bottles glass or discarded cathode-ray tube glass.
6. method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the condition of described vibration is: vibrational frequency is 50HZ, and amplitude is 5mm, and direction of vibration is in vertical and horizontal direction vibration.
7. method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described in to fire be to carry out as follows: rise to 350-450 ℃ from room temperature with the temperature rise rate of 5-8 ℃/min, insulation 20-30min; Rise to 800-1000 ℃ with the temperature rise rate of 10-20 ℃/min again, insulation 20-30min; Be cooled to 500～700 ℃ with the rate of temperature fall of 15～20 ℃/min again, insulation 20～30min; Then be down to room temperature with the rate of temperature fall of 0.2～2 ℃/min.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106892566A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-06-27 | 合肥协耀玻璃制品有限公司 | A kind of production technology of foam glass |
| CN106904837A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-06-30 | 合肥协耀玻璃制品有限公司 | A kind of production method for preparing foam glass |
| CN106927684A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-07-07 | 合肥协耀玻璃制品有限公司 | A kind of production technology of quartz foam glass |
| CN106957150A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-07-18 | 合肥协耀玻璃制品有限公司 | A kind of production technology of sound-proof foam glass |
| CN107021638A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-08-08 | 合肥协耀玻璃制品有限公司 | A kind of production technology of heat barrier foam glass |
| CN107500551A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2017-12-22 | 常州诺丁精密机械制造有限公司 | A kind of heat barrier foam glass and preparation method thereof |
| CN109734292A (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2019-05-10 | 谭桂容 | A kind of preparation method of impact resistance foam glass |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106892566A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-06-27 | 合肥协耀玻璃制品有限公司 | A kind of production technology of foam glass |
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| CN106927684A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-07-07 | 合肥协耀玻璃制品有限公司 | A kind of production technology of quartz foam glass |
| CN106957150A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-07-18 | 合肥协耀玻璃制品有限公司 | A kind of production technology of sound-proof foam glass |
| CN107021638A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-08-08 | 合肥协耀玻璃制品有限公司 | A kind of production technology of heat barrier foam glass |
| CN107500551A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2017-12-22 | 常州诺丁精密机械制造有限公司 | A kind of heat barrier foam glass and preparation method thereof |
| CN109734292A (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2019-05-10 | 谭桂容 | A kind of preparation method of impact resistance foam glass |
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|---|---|
| CN103819094B (en) | 2016-03-02 |
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