CN1038157A - 穿甲弹头的改进 - Google Patents

穿甲弹头的改进 Download PDF

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CN1038157A
CN1038157A CN88103099A CN88103099A CN1038157A CN 1038157 A CN1038157 A CN 1038157A CN 88103099 A CN88103099 A CN 88103099A CN 88103099 A CN88103099 A CN 88103099A CN 1038157 A CN1038157 A CN 1038157A
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CN1019143B (zh
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塞杰·拉德烈里
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/10—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with shaped or hollow charge
    • F42B12/16—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with shaped or hollow charge in combination with an additional projectile or charge, acting successively on the target
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/44—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of incendiary type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/06—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with hard or heavy core; Kinetic energy penetrators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/56—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies
    • F42B12/58—Cluster or cargo ammunition, i.e. projectiles containing one or more submissiles
    • F42B12/62—Cluster or cargo ammunition, i.e. projectiles containing one or more submissiles the submissiles being ejected parallel to the longitudinal axis of the projectile
    • F42B12/625—Cluster or cargo ammunition, i.e. projectiles containing one or more submissiles the submissiles being ejected parallel to the longitudinal axis of the projectile a single submissile arranged in a carrier missile for being launched or accelerated coaxially; Coaxial tandem arrangement of missiles which are active in the target one after the other

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)

Abstract

穿甲弹头包括一个与武器口径相配的主弹头 (1)，其中至少有一个开口向前的轴向孔(2)，一个与 上述孔(2)的口径相配的辅助弹头(3)装于上述孔(2) 之中，一些推进弹药(4)被放置在该孔(2)的底部和上 述辅助弹头(3)之间，一处在主弹头内并位于发射之 前的辅助弹头(3)的前部的爆炸及/或燃烧弹药 (11)，以及用于引爆上述弹药的装置(12)，它被设计 成在辅助弹头被发射后能自动迅速地被触发。

Description

本项发明系有关穿甲弹头，包括一个与武器口径相同的主弹头，在主弹头中至少具有一个开口向前的轴向孔，上述孔内装有一与上述孔口径相同的辅助弹头，推进弹药被放置在该孔底部与上述辅助弹头之间。
安装了一触发装置引爆推进弹药，以使辅助弹头在主弹头撞击到目标时或在其之前被发射。
这种穿甲弹头的穿甲的效果是一方面通过辅助弹头另一方面通过主弹头而获得的，这种穿甲弹在现有技术中是已知的，而本项发明的目的是增大这些穿甲弹的破坏力，尤其是考虑了爆炸及/或燃烧效果。
为此目的，主弹头具有至少一处在主弹头内并位于发射之前的辅助弹头的前部的爆炸及/或燃烧弹药，以及用于引爆该爆炸及/或燃烧弹药的装置，该装置被安装并设计成在辅助弹头被发射后能自动迅速地被触发。
根据本项发明的最佳实施例，这些用于引爆爆炸及/或燃烧弹药的装置对辅助弹头在主弹头内的轴向孔中的通过很敏感。
这种引爆装置可以采用至少一条通道的形式，该通道将位于主弹头内的轴向孔与爆炸及/或燃烧弹药连通。
该轴向孔可包括膛线，其间距使产生在辅助弹头上的角速度增加了由主弹头传给上述辅助弹头上的角速度。
从结构上说，最好利用固定装置使辅助弹头在被发射之前与主弹头一起旋转，这种固定装置可采用自锁锥形套筒的形式。
处于辅助弹头和主弹头之间的该自锁锥形套筒也作为一种暂时将辅助弹头夹持在轴向孔内的装置，以使辅助弹头在推进弹药被引爆时最佳地获得速度（轴向速度及旋轴速度）。
除了以上所讨论的，本项发明包括多个装置，它们最好同时被使用，下面将对它们加以详细描述。
通过下面的描述及附图，可以更容易地理解本项发明，所描述的是最佳实施例，但本发明并不限于该实施例。
图1是根据本发明的弹头的轴向剖视图。
图2是沿图1中剖切线Ⅱ-Ⅱ的剖视图。
根据本项发明，穿甲弹可以被生产为12.7mm（.50）口径的，这一口径是当前大多数机关枪所使用的。
然而，将本项发明应用到其它口径中也是完全可以的，它们是：15mm，20mm，25mm，30mm，35mm，40mm或更大的口径。
穿甲弹的组成如下：
一个至少是局部用硬质材料（钢）制成的主弹头1，该主弹头与武器的口径相配，在主弹头内的一个开口向前的轴向孔2，轴向孔的轴线与主弹头的对称轴线同轴。
以及一个装于上述轴向孔2内的基本由硬质材料（钢）制成的辅助弹头3，该辅助弹头与上述轴向孔2的口径相配，在该轴向孔底部与上述辅助弹头之间装有推进弹药4。
一个触发装置5（在下面对其进一步详述），它引爆推进弹药4，使辅助弹头3在主弹头1撞击到目标上时或在那之前被发射。
在该主弹头1的一个最佳实施例中，主弹头由几个部分组成，即：
一个由硬质材料（钢）或硬质重金属（钨）制成的中部核心6，该中部核心包括一截锥形的尾部6a，其直径向尾部递减，和一截锥形的前部6b，直径向前部递减。
一个由硬度小于钢的材料（黄铜）制成的底座7，它有一个与中部核心6的截锥形尾部6a配合的截锥孔7a，该底座7具有一环形鼓凸状7b的表面，其外径的尺寸使之与枪的膛线啮合，该枪将根据本项发明的弹头发射出去。
一个由硬度小于钢的材料（黄铜）制成的前罩8，它有一个与中部核心6的截锥形前部6b配合的截锥孔8a，该前罩8具有一环形鼓凸状8a的表面，鼓凸的外径与枪的膛线配合，该枪将根据本项发明的弹头发射出去。
上述底座7和上述前罩8在连接端P的表面处被内连接在一起，在该连接端P的表面处，根据本发明的弹头外径小于底座7在其环形鼓凸状7b表面部位的外径，也小于前罩8在其环形鼓凸状8b表面部位的外径，即使得环形鼓凸状的上述两个表面部位之间的连接处不与枪接触，该枪将根据本项发明的弹头发射出去。
这种弹头的轴向孔2位于中部核心中，在中部核心的前端有一喇叭口9，它由前罩8的头端10罩住，在该喇叭口9处的前罩较薄。
为使这种弹头具有破坏力，尤其是考虑到爆炸及/或燃烧作用，主弹头1包括一处或最好几处装在主弹头1内部的爆炸及/或燃烧弹药11，在辅助弹头被发射之前，这些弹药位于辅助弹头3前面，还包括用于引爆该爆炸及/或燃烧弹药11的装置12，它们的安装及排列是为当辅助弹头被发射后，能被自动迅速地触发。
最好把这些爆炸及/或燃烧弹药11安放在中部核心6及前罩8之间。
为此目的，在中部核心6内以等角度间距圆周地设置了若干个空腔13，在这些空腔13的每一个中都装有爆炸及/或燃烧物质，并由前罩8的内壁将空腔封闭。
最好将用来引爆这些爆炸及/或燃烧弹药11的装置12设计成对辅助弹头3在轴向孔2的通过很敏感。
这种情况下，就至少要有一条通道14使轴向孔2与装在各自空腔13内的每一处爆炸及/或燃烧弹药连通。
推进弹药4的引爆引起辅助弹头3的发射，该辅助弹头3迅速地进入轴向孔2并通过通道14的出口，热气体集中地进入到通道14中，并引爆装在空腔13内的爆炸及/或燃烧弹药。
轴向孔2可以有膛线15，其间距使产生在辅助弹头3上的角速度增加了由主弹头1传给上述辅助弹头3上的角速度。
在辅助弹头被发射之前，最好利用固定装置使辅助弹头3与主弹头1的中部核心6一起旋转。该装置为一个在辅助弹头3尾部和轴向孔2的底部之间的自锁锥形套筒16，该装置位于中部核心6内。
这一位于辅助弹头3和中部核心6之间的自锁锥形套筒16还作为一种暂时将辅助弹头3夹持在轴向孔2内的装置，并且当推进弹药被引爆时，能够使辅助弹头最佳地获得辅助弹头3的速度（轴向速度和旋转速度）。
为了增加推进弹药4的体积，最好在轴向孔2的底部提供一加大直径的区域。
为发射辅助弹头3而用来引爆推进弹药4的触发装置5的组成如下：
一个位于弹头前端的近发引信17，例如装在前罩8的头部10和轴向孔2在中部核心6的出口处的喇叭口9之间。
以及一条或最好几条导管18，内装烟火物质，并将该近发引信与推进弹药4连在一起。
这些导管18可一方面安装在中部核心6与底座7之间，另一方面可安装在中部核心6与前罩8之间。
从结构上说，可见根据本发明的弹头可做成各种口径的。
但应看到口径越小，制造难度则越大。
当然可以设想，若要达到成本不高而适应大规模制造的生产规模，任何口径小于12.7mm（.50）的弹头至少在初期阶段可以不予生产，尽管它并不超出本项发明的应用范围。
在口径为12.7mm（.50）的情况下，可以采用类似于附图所示的一个实施例，该实施例同样也可用在15mm口径上。
至于更大的口径20mm，25mm，30mm，35mm，40mm，50mm以及50mm以上时，根据本项发明的弹头的结构可被更自由地设计，使弹头的各部分能具懈髦殖叽纭?
很明显的，本发明不会被局限在已专门考虑的应用模式和实施例上，恰恰相反它可以有各种改变。

Claims (6)

1、穿甲弹头，包括一个与武器口径相配的主弹头(1)，其中至少有一开口向前的轴向孔(2)，一个与上述孔(2)口径相配的辅助弹头(3)装于上述孔(2)之中，推进弹药(4)被放置在该孔(2)的底部和上述辅助弹头(3)之间，一个触发装置(5)引爆推进弹药(4)，使辅助弹头(3)在主弹头(1)撞击到目标时或在其之前被发射；其特征在于，弹头包括至少一处在主弹头(1)内并位于发射之前的辅助弹头(3)的前部的爆炸及/或燃烧弹药(11)，以及用于引爆上述爆炸及/或燃烧弹药(11)的装置(12)，上述引爆装置(12)在辅助弹头(3)被发射之后自动迅速地被触发。
2、根据权利要求1所述的穿甲弹头，其特征在于用于引爆爆炸及/或燃烧弹药（11）的装置（12）对于辅助弹头（3）在轴向孔（2）内的通过很敏感。
3、根据权利要求2所述的穿甲弹头，其特征在于用于引爆爆炸及/或燃烧弹药（11）的装置（12）至少由一条将轴向孔（2）与爆炸及/或燃烧弹药（11）连通的通道（14）组成。
4、根据从1到3的任一权利要求所述的穿甲弹头，其特征在于轴向孔（2）具有膛线（15），其间距使产生在辅助弹头（3）上的角速度增加了由主弹头（1）传给上述辅助弹头（3）上的角速度度。
5、根据从1到4的任一权利所述的穿甲弹头，其特征在于使用固定装置（16）使辅助弹头（3）与主弹头（1）一起旋转。
6、根据权利要求5所述的穿孔弹头，其特征在于这些固定装置（16）由自锁锥形套筒组成。
CN88103099A 1987-05-27 1988-05-26 穿甲弹头的改进 Expired CN1019143B (zh)

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FR8707487A FR2615937B1 (fr) 1987-05-27 1987-05-27 Perfectionnements apportes aux projectiles perforants
FR8707487 1987-05-27

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CN1038157A true CN1038157A (zh) 1989-12-20
CN1019143B CN1019143B (zh) 1992-11-18

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US (1) US4932326A (zh)
EP (1) EP0293295B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPH0672759B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR890701982A (zh)
CN (1) CN1019143B (zh)
AU (1) AU596749B2 (zh)
BR (1) BR8807074A (zh)
CA (1) CA1311150C (zh)
DE (1) DE3860293D1 (zh)
DK (1) DK164527C (zh)
ES (1) ES2015612B3 (zh)
FI (1) FI890357A (zh)
FR (1) FR2615937B1 (zh)
GR (1) GR3000624T3 (zh)
OA (1) OA08977A (zh)
WO (1) WO1988009477A1 (zh)

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CN111433554B (zh) * 2017-09-09 2023-01-10 卢阿格现代军火科技公司 全包覆件-安全弹头、尤其用于多用途应用
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DK164527C (da) 1992-11-23
FI890357A0 (fi) 1989-01-25
DE3860293D1 (de) 1990-08-09
GR3000624T3 (en) 1991-09-27
EP0293295B1 (fr) 1990-07-04
KR890701982A (ko) 1989-12-22
JPH0672759B2 (ja) 1994-09-14
ES2015612B3 (es) 1990-09-01
FR2615937B1 (fr) 1989-09-08
FI890357A (fi) 1989-01-25
AU1943688A (en) 1988-12-21
CA1311150C (en) 1992-12-08
DK164527B (da) 1992-07-06
OA08977A (fr) 1990-11-30
BR8807074A (pt) 1989-10-31
US4932326A (en) 1990-06-12
EP0293295A1 (fr) 1988-11-30
AU596749B2 (en) 1990-05-10
JPH01503402A (ja) 1989-11-16
WO1988009477A1 (fr) 1988-12-01
FR2615937A1 (fr) 1988-12-02
DK33489D0 (da) 1989-01-26
DK33489A (da) 1989-01-26
CN1019143B (zh) 1992-11-18

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