CN103812377A - 模块化多电平换流器桥臂电流的控制方法 - Google Patents

模块化多电平换流器桥臂电流的控制方法 Download PDF

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CN103812377A
CN103812377A CN201410045392.3A CN201410045392A CN103812377A CN 103812377 A CN103812377 A CN 103812377A CN 201410045392 A CN201410045392 A CN 201410045392A CN 103812377 A CN103812377 A CN 103812377A
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汪楠楠
田杰
董云龙
刘海彬
卢宇
胡兆庆
李钢
张静
陆翌
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
NR Electric Co Ltd
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage

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Abstract

本发明公开两种模块化多电平换流器桥臂电流的控制方法，其对基本控制方法进行改进，通过在上下桥臂控制指令中叠加相反的附加导通个数指令或附加电压指令，实现减小甚至抑制由上层控制器下发的控制指令存在偏置或上下桥臂子模块电压不平衡引起的桥臂电流不对称，实现减小上下桥臂承受应力差别。

Description

模块化多电平换流器桥臂电流的控制方法
技术领域
本发明属于电力系统柔性直流输电技术领域，具体涉及模块化多电平换流器桥臂电流的控制方法。
背景技术
模块化多电平换流器是近几年备受关注的一种新型适用于高压应用场合的换流器，它采用子模块级联的方式，通过分别控制每个子模块的状态，可以使换流器输出的交流电压逼近正弦波，从而降低输出电压中的谐波含量，它的出现解决了两电平电压源换流器存在的串联均压问题，具有广阔的应用前景。
三相模块化多电平换流器（MMC）主电路拓扑结构示意图如图1（a）所示，包含3个相单元，每个相单元包括上下两个桥臂，每个桥臂由若干个子模块（SM）和一个换流电抗器串联组成。子模块的结构如图1（b）所示，由一个作为开关元件的IGBT半桥和一个直流储能电容C并联组成，直流储能电容C还并联放电电阻R。每个子模块包含三种工作状态：闭锁状态，子模块可以通过二极管的单相导通性进行充电；导通状态，子模块可以根据桥臂电流的方向进行充放电；关断状态，子模块电容被旁路，但由于并联放电电阻将缓慢放电。
正常运行时，通过控制子模块的导通和关断，可以实现一个正弦交流输出电压和一个稳定的直流电压。模块化多电平换流器的基本控制方法为：上层控制器产生上下桥臂的控制电压指令或导通子模块个数指令，每个桥臂的阀控装置分别接收上层控制器的控制指令，根据均压策略决定所控制桥臂中导通子模块的个数，使其叠加的电压逼近上层控制的控制电压指令或等于上层控制的导通子模块个数指令。
模块化多电平换流器运行过程中桥臂电流中存在2倍频的环流分量，屠卿瑞等人的“模块化多电平换流器型直流输电内部环流机理分析”（高电压技术，2010，36（02），547～552）对其产生机理进行了详细分析。徐政等人在专利“一种三相模块化多电平换流器环流抑制方法”（专利号：201010162065.8，方法1）提出了一种针对环流的抑制方法，通过将二倍频环流进行dq变换，通过解耦控制给出附加的设定量，从而实现两倍频电流的抑制。汤广福等人的“一种基于模块化多电平换流器的阀电流控制方法”（专利号：WO2012/122688A1，方法2）提出了一种针对电流的低频振荡和二倍频谐波分量实现阀电流控制的方法，也可以实现二倍频环流的抑制，还实现了电流低频振荡的抑制。
以上两种方法在上下桥臂的参考电压中加入附加输出电压对换流器的相间二倍频环流以及换流器之间的低频振荡电流进行抑制，但换流器中上下桥臂的电容电压不平衡时可能还会出现桥臂电流基波不对称的情况，上述两种方法不能进行抑制。出现桥臂电流基波不对称的情况的原因有如下可能：
1.上层控制器下发的控制指令存在偏置；
2.上下桥臂子模块电压不平衡，实际叠加产生的电压与控制指令有偏差。
为了解决以上问题，需要加入合适的控制方法消除上下桥臂的基波电流不平衡。
发明内容
本发明的目的，在于提供模块化多电平换流器桥臂电流的控制方法，可以实现减小甚至抑制由上层控制器下发的控制指令存在偏置或上下桥臂子模块电压不平衡引起的桥臂电流不对称。
为了达成上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种模块化多电平换流器桥臂电流的控制方法，其对基本控制方法进行改进之处在于，所述方法在上下桥臂控制指令中叠加相反的附加导通个数指令，包括如下步骤：
（1）分别计算相单元中上、下桥臂电流基波分量的有效值，并计算下桥臂电流基波有效值与上桥臂电流基波有效值的差值Idiff；
（2）当差值Idiff大于定值Iu时，附加导通个数指令ΔNu为设定值Nuset；当Idiff小于Iu-ΔIu时，附加导通个数指令ΔNu为0；当Idiff介于Iu-ΔIu和Iu之间时，附加导通个数不改变；其中Iu、滞回值ΔIu为实数，Nu取值范围为1至最大桥臂子模块数量；
（3）当Idiff小于定值Id时，附加导通个数指令ΔNd为设定值-Nd；当Idiff小于定值Id+ΔId时，附加导通个数指令ΔNd为0；当Idiff介于Id-ΔId和Id之间时，附加导通个数不改变；其中Id为实数,滞回值ΔId为实数，Nd取值范围为1至最大桥臂子模块数量；
（4）附加导通个数指令ΔN为ΔNu与ΔNd之和；
（5）上、下桥臂导通子模块指令分别加上和减去步骤（4）产生的附加导通个数指令ΔN，得到最终的导通子模块个数指令。
本发明还提供一种模块化多电平换流器桥臂电流的控制方法，其对基本控制方法进行改进之处在于，所述方法在上下桥臂控制指令中叠加相反的附加电压指令，包括如下步骤：
（4）分别计算相单元中上、下桥臂电流基波分量的有效值；
（5）将下桥臂电流基波有效值减去上桥臂电流基波有效值的差值进行信号处理，得到附加电压指令ΔUref；其中K的取值为实数；所述信号处理方式为经过一个比例调节器或一个比例积分调节器；
（6）上、下桥臂控制电压指令中分别加上和减去步骤（2）产生的附加电压指令ΔUref，得到最终的桥臂控制电压指令。
采用上述方案后，本发明的有益效果为：
（1）本发明提供的桥臂电流控制方法，可以实现减小甚至抑制由上层控制器下发的控制指令存在偏置或上下桥臂子模块电压不平衡引起的桥臂电流不对称；
（2）本发明提供的桥臂电流控制方法，可以减小上下桥臂承受应力差别，延长换流阀的使用周期。
附图说明
图1是三相模块化多电平换流器结构示意图；
图2是本发明的附加导通个数指令控制方法示意图；
图3是本发明的附加电压指令控制方法示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图及具体实施例，对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
附图2为在上下桥臂控制指令中叠加相反的附加导通个数指令的控制方法示意图。Ibu_rms和Ibd_rms分别为某个相单元上桥臂和下桥臂的基波电流有效值，Idiff为下桥臂电流基波有效值Ibd_rms与上桥臂电流基波有效值Ibu_rms的差值。理想情况下由于上下桥臂电流对称，该差值约为0；但在上层控制器下发的控制指令存在偏置或因扰动引起上下桥臂子模块电压不平衡等情况下，该差值Idiff可能不为0。ΔNu和ΔNd分别为附加的增加或减小子模块导通个数指令，附加导通个数指令ΔN为ΔNu与ΔNd之和，Nu和Nd分别为上层控制器产生上、下桥臂的导通子模块个数指令或根据上层控制器产生上、下桥臂的控制电压指令计算出的导通子模块个数指令，Nu_fin和Nd_fin分别为叠加附加导通个数指令的上下桥臂导通个数指令。
假设定值Iu=10A、Nuset=1、Id=-10A，Ndset=-1，滞回值ΔIu=ΔId=9A。当Idiff大于10A时，附加导通个数指令ΔNu为1，上桥臂将多导通一个子模块，下桥臂将少导通一个子模块；随后不平衡电流将减小，在不平衡电流Idiff大于等于1A且小于等于10A之间一直保持附加导通个数指令ΔNu为1；当不平衡电流Idiff小于1A后，附加导通个数指令ΔNu将恢复为0。当Idiff小于-10A时，附加导通个数指令ΔNd为-1，上桥臂将少导通一个子模块，下桥臂将多导通一个子模块；随后不平衡电流将减小，在不平衡电流Idiff大于等于-10A且小于等于-1A之间一直保持附加导通个数指令ΔNd为-1；当不平衡电流Idiff大于-1A后，附加导通个数指令ΔNd将恢复为0。
附图3为在上下桥臂控制指令中叠加相反的附加控制电压指令的控制方法示意图。Ibu_rms和Ibd_rms分别为某个相单元上桥臂和下桥臂的基波电流有效值，Idiff为下桥臂电流基波有效值Ibd_rms与上桥臂电流基波有效值Ibu_rms的差值。理想情况下由于上下桥臂电流对称，该差值约为0；但在上层控制器下发的控制指令存在偏置或因扰动引起上下桥臂子模块电压不平衡等情况下，该差值Idiff可能不为0。ΔUref为附加控制电压指令，Urefu和Urefd分别为上层控制器产生上、下桥臂的控制电压指令，Urefu_fin和Urefd_fin分别为叠加附加控制电压指令的上下桥臂控制电压指令。
信号处理方式以比例调节器为例，当Idiff大于0时，ΔUref为正值，上桥臂控制电压指令将加入正偏置同时下桥臂控制电压指令将加入负偏置；当Idiff小于0时，ΔUref为负值，上桥臂控制电压指令将加入负偏置同时下桥臂控制电压指令将加入正偏置。
以上实施例仅为说明本发明的技术思想，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围，凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想，在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动，均落入本发明保护范围之内。

Claims (2)

1.一种模块化多电平换流器桥臂电流的控制方法，其特征之处在于，所述方法在上下桥臂控制指令中叠加相反的附加导通个数指令，包括如下步骤：
（1）分别计算相单元中上、下桥臂电流基波分量的有效值，并计算下桥臂电流基波有效值与上桥臂电流基波有效值的差值Idiff；
（2）当差值Idiff大于定值Iu时，附加导通个数指令ΔNu为设定值Nuset；当Idiff小于Iu-ΔIu时，附加导通个数指令ΔNu为0；当Idiff介于Iu-ΔIu和Iu之间时，附加导通个数不改变；其中Iu、滞回值ΔIu为实数，Nu取值范围为1至最大桥臂子模块数量；
（3）当Idiff小于定值Id时，附加导通个数指令ΔNd为设定值-Nd；当Idiff小于定值Id+ΔId时，附加导通个数指令ΔNd为0；当Idiff介于Id-ΔId和Id之间时，附加导通个数不改变；其中Id为实数,滞回值ΔId为实数，Nd取值范围为1至最大桥臂子模块数量；
（4）附加导通个数指令ΔN为ΔNu与ΔNd之和；
（5）上、下桥臂导通子模块指令分别加上和减去步骤（4）产生的附加导通个数指令ΔN，得到最终的导通子模块个数指令。
2.一种模块化多电平换流器桥臂电流的控制方法，其特征之处在于，所述方法在上下桥臂控制指令中叠加相反的附加电压指令，包括如下步骤：
（1）分别计算相单元中上、下桥臂电流基波分量的有效值；
（2）将下桥臂电流基波有效值减去上桥臂电流基波有效值的差值进行信号处理，得到附加电压指令ΔUref；其中K的取值为实数；所述信号处理方式为经过一个比例调节器或一个比例积分调节器；
（3）上、下桥臂控制电压指令中分别加上和减去步骤（2）产生的附加电压指令ΔUref，得到最终的桥臂控制电压指令。
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