CN103810305A - Alignment computing method of propeller shaft system of ship - Google Patents
Alignment computing method of propeller shaft system of ship Download PDFInfo
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- CN103810305A CN103810305A CN201210439260.XA CN201210439260A CN103810305A CN 103810305 A CN103810305 A CN 103810305A CN 201210439260 A CN201210439260 A CN 201210439260A CN 103810305 A CN103810305 A CN 103810305A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
Abstract
The invention discloses an alignment computing method of a propeller shaft system of a ship. The method comprises the steps that firstly, loads of all supports and load influence coefficients of the propeller shaft system under the linear alignment state are computed; radial displacement values of all oil-lubricated bearings are selected to serve as design variables; two optimized objective functions are defined, according to one function, the standard deviation of the loads of the supports of the same type or the adjacent supports is minimum, and according to the other function, the bearing reaction of a rear-axle frame bearing is minimum; limiting conditions of the propeller shaft system on the aspects of design, intensity, stress, geometrical characteristics and the like are defined to constitute a feasible solution domain space; finally, the optimal radial displacement value of the supports is solved based on the multi-objective optimization method. The method overcomes the defect that when a ship propeller shaft system is aligned in the prior art, only a single optimization target is considered, and the defects caused by the multi-objective optimization solution. The method improves the reasonability of multi-objective optimization computation in the propeller shaft system, is simple, reliable and easy to implement, and has practicability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to marine propuision system technical field, specifically belong to a kind of shaft alignment computing method.
Background technology
Propulsion Systems is the important component part of marine propuision system, directly has influence on the safety and reliability of propulsion system operation and ship's navigation.The bad Propulsion Systems of alignment quality can cause bearing wear aggravation, even can cause that the secondary sintering of bearing friction, the leakage of Stern tube seal element, the vibration of hull afterbody increase etc. when serious.Good centering of shafting should make bearing load equilibrium, shaft section stress distribution rationally, that axle is that amount of deflection and controlling angle are held concurrently is excellent, therefore needs to apply the centering of shafting design of being open-minded of multiple-objection optimization.
In the school of Propulsion Systems, problem is finally to occur with the form of bearing displacement, and therefore the displacement of how to confirm bearing is by the result directly affecting in school.In the time that axle is associated in reason school, engineering staff often rule of thumb with the displacement value of the preliminary given each bearing of influence coefficient of bearing load, then calculate, in the time that result does not meet the demands, need to adjust displacement value and calculate again.The time-consuming length of this method, and the examination result of gathering often can not reach effect in optimum school.In recent years, the development of computer technology has promoted the progress of Optimization Design, and just progressively replaces traditional design method.Optimization of Mechanical Design is take mathematical programming as theoretical foundation, seeks the modern Design of optimal mechanical design proposal take computing machine as instrument, comprises and sets up mathematical model and select appropriate optimal design algorithm.
For the optimal design of shaft alignment, researcher has carried out corresponding research both at home and abroad.Document [1-3] (Lu Xi, quiet ripple. marine diesel arbor is associated the research [J] of automatic search in reason school. Shipbuilding of China, 1997,38 (2): 71-76; J.D. Reeves, N. Vlahopoulos. Optimized alignment of a USCG polar class icebreaker wing shaft using a distributed bearing finite-element model[J]. Marine Technology, 1999,36 (4): 238-247; Zhou Ruiping. super large marine shaft alignment theoretical research [D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University of Technology, 2005) utilize optimization method to determine the best displacement value of bearing, so that the support reaction minimum that rear tail bearing bears.These methods all adopt single optimization aim, and in the reasonable school that is for axle, also need to consider more optimization aim, such as the harmony of loading ability of bearing.Document [4] (Lu Xi, old inflammation. hyperspace grid is divided in the application [J] in the reasonable school of marine shafting. Ship Mechanics SUM, 2002,6 (5): 66-69) having proposed a kind of axle is multiple-objection optimization computing method, by grid division in Feasible Solution Region space, then calculate the result of each net point and carry out comprehensive comparison to obtain optimum solution, the problem of its existence is: excessive if grid is divided, assess the cost too high; If it is too small that grid is divided, can not try to achieve optimum alignment calculation result.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the deficiency existing for prior art, a kind of shaft alignment computing method are provided, to obtaining the shaft alignment result of optimizing, for the optimal design of Propulsion Systems provides support.
The present invention realizes by following technical scheme, and a kind of shaft alignment computing method, comprise the steps:
The load that step 1, calculating Propulsion Systems respectively support under state in straight line school and load influence coefficient;
Restrictive condition is optimized in step 4, definition;
In described step 1, calculate load and load influence coefficient that Propulsion Systems respectively supports under state in straight line school, comprise the following steps:
1, Propulsion Systems is reduced to a nonprismatic continuous beam system with multiple supportings, and bears the effect of transverse load and moment of flexure;
2, based on Propulsion Systems simplified model, the load respectively supporting under state in calculated line school and load influence coefficient.
In described step 3, definition optimization aim function, comprises the following steps:
1, the harmonious optimization aim function of definition bearing load;
2, definition rear axle support bearing load optimization aim function.
In described step 4, restrictive condition is optimized in definition, comprises the following steps:
1, definition bearing load constraint;
2, definition shaft part bending stress constraint;
3, definition shaft part safety coefficient constraint;
4, sinking angle constraint under definition screw propeller;
5, definition host output end flange shearing and moment of flexure constraint.
A kind of shaft alignment computing method optimization aim provided by the invention is clear and definite, constraint condition fully, simple operation and be easy to realize, solved the multiple-objection optimization Solve problems during shaft alignment calculates.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below with reference to drawings and Examples, the present invention is further illustrated.
Fig. 1 is the calculation flow chart of the inventive method.
Fig. 2 is the Propulsion Systems arrangenent diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is Propulsion Systems straight line alignment calculation result.
Fig. 4 is Propulsion Systems multiple-objection optimization alignment calculation result.
Embodiment
Below with reference to accompanying drawing and a specific embodiment, the present invention is elaborated.Should be emphasized that, following explanation is only exemplary, rather than in order to limit the scope of the invention and to apply.
As shown in Fig. 1,2,3 and 4, concrete grammar step of the present invention is as follows:
The first step: calculate load and load influence coefficient that Propulsion Systems respectively supports under state in straight line school
Propulsion Systems is reduced to a nonprismatic continuous beam system with multiple supportings by 1a., and bear the effect of transverse load and moment of flexure
In the present embodiment, Propulsion Systems deployment scenarios as shown in Figure 2.This sleeve is total length 44.615m, is made up of propeller shaft, tailing axle and intermediate shaft.Arrange altogether vertically 7 bearings, comprising 3 water lubriucated bearings (numbering 1 ~ 3) and 4 oil-lubricated bearings (numbering 4 ~ 7, wherein 4 ~ 5 is intermediate bearing, is for 6 ~ No. 7 two radial supports of thrust bearing band).Propulsion Systems head end is connected with the gear wheel output terminal of gear case, the about 217r/min of revolution speed of propeller under declared working condition, the about 500kN of thrust size.
1b. is based on Propulsion Systems simplified model, the load of each supporting and load influence coefficient under state in calculated line school
In the present embodiment, adopt the load respectively supporting under state in finite element method calculated line school
r i0
and load influence coefficient
c ij , the load influence coefficient of each bearing is defined as it when unit height of radial shift (conventionally take 0.1mm as a unit height), the load variations amount of this bearing and other bearings of causing.
Table 1 has been listed the load of each supporting and the result of calculation of specific pressure, and wherein the lubricating system of 6 ~ No. 7 supportings is forced lubrication, and table 1 is not examined its specific pressure.Table 2 has been listed the load influence coefficient of each bearing, and Fig. 3 is that axle ties up in straight line school the amount of deflection of each section and bearing load histogram under state.
Table 1 straight line alignment calculation result
| Supporting numbering | Displacement (mm) | Load (kN) | Specific pressure (N/cm2) |
| 1 | .00 | 37.56 | 7.62 |
| 2 | .00 | 58.96 | 31.65 |
| 3 | .00 | 34.72 | 18.64 |
| 4 | .00 | 51.47 | 41.76 |
| 5 | .00 | 49.44 | 40.11 |
| 6 | .00 | 309.88 | / |
| 7 | .00 | 179.40 | / |
Table 2 influence coefficient of bearing load (unit: N/mm
-1)
Second step: select optimal design variable
The radial shift value of selecting each oil-lubricated bearing is as design variable:
（1）
In formula:
xfor optimal design vector,
x k for the radial shift value of each supporting,
kfor the number of oil-lubricated bearing.
In the present embodiment, select the radial shift of 4 ~ No. 7 supportings as optimal design variable,
x=(
x 4,
x 5, x 6,
x 7)
t .Meanwhile, consider that Propulsion Systems installation and propulsion plant are to medium factor, the displacement of the forward and backward radial support of thrust bearing should be consistent.Wherein, the initial set point of optimal design variable is all set to zero, and searching process state from straight line school starts to carry out iteration optimization calculating.
The 3rd step: definition optimization aim function
The harmonious optimization aim function of 3a. definition bearing load
For the bearing in Propulsion Systems, require the load equilibrium as far as possible of of the same type or adjacent bearing, in order to avoid cause improper wearing and tearing and the larger difference on serviceable life.
In the present embodiment, 4 ~ No. 5 supportings are for adopting the intermediate bearing of grease self-lubricating, and 6 ~ No. 7 supportings, for adopting the forward and backward radial support of thrust bearing of forced lubrication, therefore define two optimization aim functions:
（2）
In formula:
s(
r 4,
r 5) and
s(
r 6,
r 7) represent respectively 4 ~ No. 5 supportings and the standard variance of 6 ~ No. 7 support loadings,
r i be
iindividual supporting displacement
x i after load,
r i0
for in straight line school time
ithe load of individual supporting,
mfor the number of all supportings on Propulsion Systems.
3b. definition rear axle support bearing load optimization aim function
Due to the cantilever action of screw propeller, all the stressed maximum of rear axle support bearing in bearing, often form very serious " edge load ", and abrasion condition is also serious.In order to guarantee that Propulsion Systems moves safely and reliably, should be as much as possible in alignment calculation radial shift by adjusting each supporting so that its support reaction minimum of bearing.Therefore, definition rear axle support bearing load optimization aim function is:
In formula:
.
The 4th step: restrictive condition is optimized in definition
The constraint of 4a. definition bearing load
In Propulsion Systems design, there is the restriction requirement of minimum and maximum load (support reaction) for selected bearing, the constraint condition of bearing load is:
In formula:
r i_ min
with
r i_ max
be respectively
ithe minimum that individual bearing allows and peak load,
r i be
ithe load of individual bearing,
r i_ max
determine according to specific pressure allowable and bearing insert physical dimension,
r i_ min
for 20% of adjacent two deadweights across axle and outer dead weight capacity sum.
The constraint of 4b. definition shaft part bending stress;
Requirement according to Specification to marine propulsion shafting intensity, the bending stress of each shaft part should meet:
In formula:
σ i be
ithe bending stress of section shaft section.
The constraint of 4c. definition shaft part safety coefficient
According to Specification, be the safety coefficient of each shaft section of calculating of the synthetic mean stress of bearing and synthetic alterante stress by axle
n i should be within the specific limits:
In formula: [
n] be safety coefficient allowable, for propeller shaft, tailing axle, intermediate shaft and thrust axis, [
n] get respectively 2.0,2.0,1.75 and 1.75.
Sinking angle constraint under 4d. definition screw propeller
When centering of shafting, should make the corner at rear axle support bearing fulcrum place be no more than 3.0 × 10
-4rad, if exceed this allowed band, needs to adopt the method for oblique bore hole or inclination machining bearing to regulate.
4e. definition host output end flange shearing and moment of flexure constraint
For the axle system being directly connected with main frame, in school time, should make the bending and shearing that acts on host output end flange all be no more than the makers' relevant regulations of main frame.
In the present embodiment, because this cover Propulsion Systems disposes reduction gear box, therefore optimize restrictive condition and only consider first 4, do not consider in calculating about the restrictive condition of host output end flange shearing and moment of flexure.
The 5th step: solve optimal support radial shift value based on Multipurpose Optimal Method
In the present embodiment, the function f mincon based on processing constrained optimization problem in Matlab Optimization Toolbox (Optimization Toolbox) carries out shaft alignment multiple-objection optimization calculating.Before utility function fmincon solves optimal support radial shift, need to be by three optimization aim functions that define in the 3rd step
be weighted, form a complex optimum objective function
f(
x):
In formula:
for weighting coefficient, be set to respectively:
w 1=0.45,
w 2=0.45,
w 3=0.1.
In the present embodiment, the load of the optimal support radial shift value calculating by multiple-objection optimization and each supporting under this displacement condition and specific pressure are in table 3.It is amount of deflection and the bearing load histogram of each section that Fig. 4 has provided optimal support radial shift condition lower shaft.
Table 3 multiple-objection optimization alignment calculation result
| Supporting numbering | Displacement (mm) | Load (kN) | Specific pressure (N/cm2) |
| 1 | .00 | 37.52 | 7.61 |
| 2 | .00 | 59.24 | 31.80 |
| 3 | .00 | 31.68 | 17.00 |
| 4 | -.09 | 55.49 | 45.02 |
| 5 | -6.90 | 55.26 | 44.84 |
| 6 | -14.50 | 241.39 | / |
| 7 | -14.50 | 240.85 | / |
Can find out from table 3 and Fig. 4, the supporting displacement obtaining by multiple-objection optimization can obtain more reasonably load distribution result, and the load of similar supporting is more balanced.Under this displacement condition, the load of two intermediate bearings and former and later two supportings of thrust bearing is almost identical, and its deviate is all less than 1kN, and the load of rear axle support bearing also slightly reduces.Therefore, three objective functions, under the constraint of restrictive condition, have obtained optimization in various degree, have proved correctness and the validity of multiple-objection optimization computing method.
Can find out from above-described embodiment, the inventive method can solve the multi-objective optimization question of shaft alignment, and its application is successful.
Claims (5)
1. shaft alignment computing method, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(a) calculate load and the load influence coefficient that Propulsion Systems respectively supports under state in straight line school;
(b) select optimal design variable;
(c) definition optimization aim function;
(d) restrictive condition is optimized in definition;
(e) solve optimal support radial shift value based on Multipurpose Optimal Method.
2. shaft alignment computing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 1-a) in, the load that calculating Propulsion Systems respectively supports under state in straight line school and load influence coefficient comprise the following steps:
(a) Propulsion Systems is reduced to a nonprismatic continuous beam system with multiple supportings, and the effect of bearing transverse load and moment of flexure is based on Propulsion Systems simplified model;
(b) load respectively supporting under state in calculated line school and load influence coefficient.
3. shaft alignment computing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 1-c) in, definition optimization aim function comprises the following steps:
(a) the harmonious optimization aim function of definition bearing load;
(b) definition rear axle support bearing load optimization aim function.
4. shaft alignment computing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 1-d) in, definition is optimized restrictive condition and is comprised the following steps:
(a) definition bearing load constraint;
(b) definition shaft part bending stress constraint;
(c) definition shaft part safety coefficient constraint;
(d) sinking angle constraint under definition screw propeller;
(e) definition host output end flange shearing and moment of flexure constraint.
5. shaft alignment computing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 1-e) in, described Multipurpose Optimal Method refers to method and the program for solving the multi-objective optimization question with Prescribed Properties.
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Cited By (8)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106202666A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2016-12-07 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of computational methods of marine shafting bearing adjustment of displacement |
| CN107622142A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2018-01-23 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of centering of shafting displacement optimization method |
| CN108416159A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-08-17 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | A kind of naval vessel shafting optimization method and its Optimization Platform |
| CN108827630A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-16 | 武汉理工大学 | Marine electric power propulsion torsional vibration of shafting characteristic analysis method |
| CN108959765A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2018-12-07 | 天津大学 | Cantilevered gravity anchor and jib-length design method for carbonate ground sea area |
| CN109187013A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2019-01-11 | 武汉理工大学 | Propulsion Systems condition detection method based on strain measurement Yu Moment Influence coefficient |
| CN110287650A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-09-27 | 西安电子科技大学 | Water lubriucated bearing boundary lubrication method for analyzing performance and storage medium |
| CN110909420A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-03-24 | 武汉理工大学 | Ship propulsion shafting alignment iterative calculation method considering bearing factors |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106202666A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2016-12-07 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of computational methods of marine shafting bearing adjustment of displacement |
| CN106202666B (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2019-03-05 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of calculation method of marine shafting bearing adjustment of displacement |
| CN107622142A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2018-01-23 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of centering of shafting displacement optimization method |
| CN107622142B (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2019-10-11 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of centering of shafting displacement optimization method |
| CN108416159A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-08-17 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | A kind of naval vessel shafting optimization method and its Optimization Platform |
| CN108827630A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-16 | 武汉理工大学 | Marine electric power propulsion torsional vibration of shafting characteristic analysis method |
| CN108959765A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2018-12-07 | 天津大学 | Cantilevered gravity anchor and jib-length design method for carbonate ground sea area |
| CN108959765B (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2023-02-17 | 天津大学 | Cantilever type gravity anchor for carbonate rock-soil sea area and cantilever length design method |
| CN109187013A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2019-01-11 | 武汉理工大学 | Propulsion Systems condition detection method based on strain measurement Yu Moment Influence coefficient |
| CN110287650A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-09-27 | 西安电子科技大学 | Water lubriucated bearing boundary lubrication method for analyzing performance and storage medium |
| CN110909420A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-03-24 | 武汉理工大学 | Ship propulsion shafting alignment iterative calculation method considering bearing factors |
| CN110909420B (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2022-10-04 | 武汉理工大学 | Ship propulsion shafting alignment iterative calculation method considering bearing factors |
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