CN103808708A - Method for detecting components of industrial ammonium sulfate product - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for detecting components of an industrial ammonium sulfate product. The method comprises the following steps: digesting a sample by using a diluted hydrochloric acid solution so as to form a solution to be detected; simultaneously determining the content of nitrogen, sulfur and impurity elements in the solution to be detected by adopting inductive coupling plasma atomic emission spectroscopy; respectively calculating to obtain the content of ammonium and ammonium sulfate in the sample according to the content of nitrogen and molecular formulas of ammonium and ammonium sulfate, calculating to obtain the content of sulfate radicals in ammonium sulfate molecules according to the content of ammonium sulfate in the sample and the molecular formula of the ammonium sulfate, calculating to obtain the content of total sulfate radicals in the sample according to the content of sulfur and the molecular formula of the sulfate radicals, and subtracting the content of the sulfate radicals in ammonium sulfate molecules from the content of the total sulfate radicals by minusing, thus obtaining the content of free sulfuric acid in the sample. The method has the advantages that the content of the ammonium, ammonium sulfate, free sulfuric acid and the impurity elements such as iron, lead, arsenic and chromium in the ammonium sulfate product can be simultaneously determined at a time, the accuracy is high, and the determination process has high efficiency and is fast.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to element and detect analysis technical field, specifically, relate to and a kind ofly can measure ammonium root in industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product, ammonium sulfate, free sulfuric acid and method impurity contents such as iron, lead, arsenic, chromium simultaneously.
Background technology
Conventionally, industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product (also can referred to as ammonium sulfate product) can adopt ammonium hydroxide and sulfuric acid to carry out neutralization reaction and produce Anatomy-and-ultrastructure processed, also can be by absorption method with the ammonia in sulfuric acid absorption steel-making oven gas, or manufacture as the secondary product of environmental emission reduction control techniques when contained sulphuric dioxide in the various flue gases of industry such as metallurgy sintered using ammonia absorption in ammoniacal liquor wet desulfurizing process, coal is electric, petrochemical industry.The industrial use of ammonium sulfate is extensive, can be used as good nitrogenous fertilizer in agricultural, improves fruit quality and output, strengthens crops to disaster resistivity.Can be used for manufacturing ammonium chloride with salt replacement reaction at chemical field, generate ammonia-alum with aluminium sulphate effect, manufacture fire resistive material etc. with boric acid.And in electroplate liquid, increase electric conductivity, and as food dark reddish brown catalyzer, the nitrogenous source of culture yeast bacterium, acid dyeing dyeing auxiliaries, leather deliming agent, and for brewing, chemical reagent and accumulator production etc.
The quality inspection that will complete at present ammonium sulfate product must be in conjunction with also using number of chemical and instrument determination method, mainly comprise and adopt Kjeldahl's method in alkaline medium, to distill out ammonia in ammonium sulfate, thereby and after absorbing with excess of sulfur acidity scale liquid, measure the concentration content of ammonium root with Standard Volumetric Solutions for Sodium Hydroxide back titration excess sulfuric acid, then and then with the content of the cubage ammonium sulfate of ammonium root; The content of free sulfuric acid adopts Standard Volumetric Solutions for Sodium Hydroxide to carry out acid base neutralization titration reaction and obtains; Impurity element adopts the traditional chemical analytical approachs such as phenanthroline Spectrophotometric Determination of Iron, silver diethyl dithio carbamate spectrophotometry arsenic and visual turbidimetry for Determination lead to measure conventionally.
In a word, existing measuring technology must combine multiple traditional chemical and instrumental analysis means use the quality testing requirement that can meet the impurity element such as ammonium root, ammonium sulfate, free sulfuric acid and iron, lead, arsenic in ammonium sulfate sample, need to repeatedly clear up sample and adopt respectively the analytical technologies such as diverse titrimetry, photometry or ICP-OES method to complete different composition detection projects, consume human resources and medicine and reagent more, the more secondary environmental pollution that causes of test waste liquid producing after check.Especially the crucial quality inspection index such as content of ammonium sulfate, free sulfuric acid must rely on traditional-handwork chemical analysis method, testing process is very long, result precision and precision are subject to external influence factor many, and very time and effort consuming of the distillation of ammonia, the impermeability to distillation equipment, operating personnel's professionalism and guarantee that pipeline is unobstructed and avoid the safety works such as glassware mesohigh gas burst to require all higher.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve one or more in prior art above shortcomings.
For example, one of object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of the content that can disposablely simultaneously measure impurity elements such as obtaining the matrix compositions such as ammonium root in ammonium sulfate product, ammonium sulfate grade and free sulfuric acid content and lead, iron, arsenic, chromium.
The invention provides a kind of method that detects industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product composition.Said method comprising the steps of: clear up industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product with dilute hydrochloric acid solution, with water dilution constant volume, form solution to be measured, wherein, described industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product contains ammonium sulfate, free sulfuric acid and impurity element, adopt ICP-AES to measure nitrogen, sulphur and the impurity content in solution to be measured simultaneously, the content of the nitrogen element obtaining according to mensuration, calculate respectively the content of ammonium root and ammonium sulfate in industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product by ammonium root molecular formula and ammonium sulfate molecular formula, according to the content and the ammonium sulfate molecular formula that calculate ammonium sulfate in industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product, calculate the content of sulfate radical in ammonium sulfate molecule, the content of the element sulphur obtaining according to mensuration, calculate the content of total sulfate radical in ammonium sulfate sample by sulfate radical molecular formula, pass through minusing, from total sulfate radical content, deduct the content of sulfate radical in described ammonium sulfate molecule, obtain the content of industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product Free Sulfuric Acid.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention comprises: can measure the impurity content such as ammonium root, ammonium sulfate, free sulfuric acid and iron, lead, arsenic, chromium in ammonium sulfate product disposable, simultaneously; Accuracy is high, measures process efficient quick.
Embodiment
Hereinafter, describe the present invention in detail and detect the method for industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product composition in connection with exemplary embodiment.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the method that detects industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product composition comprises the following steps.
A, clear up industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product (hereinafter also referred to as ammonium sulfate sample) with dilute hydrochloric acid solution, with water dilution constant volume, form solution to be measured, wherein, described industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product contains ammonium sulfate, free sulfuric acid and such as one or more impurity elements in iron, lead, arsenic and chromium etc.For example, the composition of described industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product comprises more than 90% ammonium sulfate, 2%～8% free sulfuric acid and the impurity element of surplus by weight percentage.But the industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product that the present invention detects is not limited to this, for example, the present invention also can detect ammonium sulfate defect ware that obtain because of process abnormality, ammonium sulfate content lower (for example,, lower than 90%).In addition, the impurity element in the industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product that the present invention detects is also not limited to iron, lead, arsenic and chromium, can be also other impurity element.
B, employing ICP-AES are measured nitrogen, sulphur and the impurity content in solution to be measured simultaneously.Preferably, this step can also comprise the step that adopts series of standards solution to draw the calibration curve for measuring industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product nitrogen, sulphur and impurity element.Wherein, multiple standard solution that series of standards solution is all concentration gradient by the mass percentage concentration of ammonium sulfate mass percentage concentration and the element corresponding with described impurity element form.In each standard solution in multiple standard solution, ammonium sulfate and the described element corresponding with impurity element have respectively the mass percentage concentration of setting, and the mass percentage concentration of ammonium sulfate in 90～100% scopes and the mass percentage concentration of the described element corresponding with impurity element in 0.0～2.00% scope.That is to say, in the method for the invention, series of standards solution is made up of multiple standard solution, contains the ammonium sulfate of setting concentration in each standard solution, and contains the element corresponding with impurities element in ammonium sulfate sample to be measured of setting concentration.In multiple standard solution, the setting concentration of ammonium sulfate differs from one another, and can make the ammonium sulfate concentrations of described multiple standard solution form concentration gradient to cover the concentration of ammonium sulfate in ammonium sulfate sample solution to be detected; In multiple standard solution, the setting concentration of the element corresponding with impurities element in ammonium sulfate sample to be measured differs from one another, and can make the concentration of this element in described multiple standard solution form concentration gradient to cover the concentration of impurities element in ammonium sulfate sample to be measured.For example, the setting concentration of ammonium sulfate can be in 90～100% scopes, with the setting concentration of the element that in ammonium sulfate sample to be measured, impurities element is corresponding can be in 0.0～2.00% scope.The setting concentration of the setting concentration of ammonium persulfate and the element corresponding with impurities element in ammonium sulfate sample to be measured is not limited to above-mentioned scope, also can suitably expand.For example, lower (for example in order to measure ammonium sulfate content, lower than 90%) ammonium sulfate defect ware, the lower range of the setting concentration of ammonium sulfate also can be less than 90%, and the upper range of the setting concentration of the element corresponding with impurities element in ammonium sulfate sample to be measured also can be greater than 2.0%.
The content of C, the nitrogen element (N) that obtains according to mensuration, by ammonium root molecular formula (NH
4 +) and ammonium sulfate molecular formula ((NH
4)
2sO
4) calculate respectively the content of ammonium root and ammonium sulfate in industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product; According to the content and ammonium sulfate the molecular formula ((NH that calculate ammonium sulfate in industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product
4)
2sO
4), calculate the content of sulfate radical in ammonium sulfate molecule; The content of the element sulphur (S) obtaining according to mensuration, by sulfate radical molecular formula (SO
4 2-) calculate in ammonium sulfate sample the content of total sulfate radical; By minusing, from total sulfate radical content, deduct the content of sulfate radical in described ammonium sulfate molecule, obtain the content of industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product Free Sulfuric Acid.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the concentrated hydrochloric acid that dilute hydrochloric acid solution can be 36%～38% by mass percent concentration and water form according to the proportionate relationship mixed preparing of volume ratio 1:4, but the invention is not restricted to this, also can suitably adjust the concentration of watery hydrochloric acid.
In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the method that detects industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product composition also can realize in the following manner.
Specimen eliminating: clear up ammonium sulfate sample with watery hydrochloric acid.Preferably, take 0.5～1.0g ammonium sulfate sample, add under 40～60 ℃ of cryogenic conditions of 15～20mL (1+4) watery hydrochloric acid heating and decompose sample to completely, 100～120 ℃ of high-temperature heatings boil and keep 3～5min, dilute to volume in 100～200mL volumetric flask after cooling with water.In this exemplary embodiment, in ammonium sulfate sample, contain a large amount of ammonium sulfate (for example, quality percentage composition is more than 90%), a small amount of free sulfuric acid (for example, quality percentage composition is 2%～8%) and impurity elements of ferrum, lead, arsenic, the chromium of surplus.
Calibration curve: take high-purity sulphuric acid ammonium reagent take diluted hydrochloric acid dissolution and be mixed with ammonium sulfate content as 100%, 99.5%, 99.0%, 98.5%, 98.0%, 97%, 96%, 95% 8 are the ammonium sulfate standard solution of concentration gradient, and correspondence adds respectively iron in ammonium sulfate standard solution respectively, plumbous, arsenic, the standard solution of the impurity element to be measured such as chromium, make to contain respectively 0.0% in ammonium sulfate standard solution, 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.50%, 1.00%, the impurity elements to be measured such as 2.00% the plumbous arsenic chromium of iron, and draw ICP-OES calibration curve with the series standard solution that is concentration gradient of this ammonium sulfate and impurity element mixed preparing.
Element determination: open inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer and adjust and ICP-OES detected parameters is set and element analysis spectrum line is respectively: RF power 1300W, assisted gas flow velocity 1.0L/min, peristaltic pump pump speed 65r/min, height of observation 11.2mm, atomizer pressure 0.18MPa, measures 15～20s integral time.Select element analysis spectrum line: Fe240.488nm, As189.042nm, Pb220.353nm, Cr205.552nm, S182.034nm, N174.272nm.The serial ammonium sulfate standard solution that is concentration gradient with 8 of above-mentioned preparation is drawn ICP-OES and measures the calibration curve of matrix principal element nitrogen, sulphur and impurity elements of ferrum, lead, arsenic, chromium etc. in ammonium sulfate, and then Simultaneous Direct Determination is cleared up the content of elementary composition nitrogen, sulphur, iron, lead, arsenic, chromium etc. in the ammonium sulfate sample solution of preparation.
Result is calculated: the ICP-OES measurement result of the impurity elements such as iron, lead, arsenic, chromium is exactly the content of corresponding impurity element in ammonium sulfate sample; Measure the nitrogen obtaining, the content of element sulphur according to above-mentioned ICP-OES, and calculate respectively the content of chemical composition in the ammonium sulfate samples such as sulfate radical in ammonium root, ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfate molecule, total sulfate radical and free sulfuric acid by following computing formula (1)～(5).
In formula:
W
n---the content of the nitrogen element that ICP-OES records, %;
W
s---the content % of the element sulphur that ICP-OES records
---the content of ammonium sulfate in ammonium sulfate sample, %;
example 1
In example, ICP-OES is the U.S. match iCAP6300 of Mo Feishier company type inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer.
One, ammonium sulfate Specimen eliminating preparation
Take 0.5g ammonium sulfate sample, first with 5 mL water eluant container walls, add the low-temperature heat of 15mL (1+4) watery hydrochloric acid to clear up sample, then the temperature that raises heating is boiled solution and is kept 3min, after cooling, dilute to volume in 100mL volumetric flask with water, to be measured as the ammonium sulfate sample detection solution of clearing up preparation.Wherein (1+4) watery hydrochloric acid is formed according to the ratio mixed preparing of 1 part of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 4 parts of water by the concentrated hydrochloric acid of mass percent concentration 36%～38%.
Two, calibration curve series standard solution
Calibration curve series standard solution adopts high-purity sulphuric acid the ammonium ((NH that clears up suitable quality with watery hydrochloric acid
4)
2sO
4> 99.99%), and add respectively the standard solution of impurity elements of ferrum to be measured, lead, arsenic, chromium etc., be hybridly prepared into and contain respectively ammonium sulfate 100%, 99.5%, 99.0%, 98.5%, 98.0%, 97%, 96%, 95%, and contain respectively the ammonium sulfate series standard solution composition of 8 concentration gradient points of the elements 0.0%, 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.50%, 1.00%, 2.00% such as the plumbous arsenic chromium of iron.
Three, instrument detected parameters arranges
Unlatching ICP spectrometer adjustment arrange its running parameter and are: ICP-OES detected parameters is: RF power 1300W, assisted gas flow velocity 1.0L/min, peristaltic pump pump speed 65r/min, height of observation 11.2mm, atomizer pressure 0.18MPa, measures 15～20s integral time.Select element analysis spectrum line: Fe240.488nm, As189.042nm, Pb220.353nm, S182.034nm, N174.272nm.
Four, measure constituent content
Light plasma torch the abundant preheating stabilizer instrument of ICP spectrometer; According to concentration order sequentially determining calibration curve series standard solution from low to high, then draw calibration operation curve and check that its linearly dependent coefficient need be greater than 0.999, working sample is cleared up the elementary compositions such as the contained nitrogen of prepared ammonium sulfate sample solution, sulphur, iron, lead, arsenic, chromium.
example 2
Except following difference, all the other all adopt the method identical with example 1 to measure the ammonium sulfate sample of this example: ammonium sulfate sample takes 1.0g, add (1+4) watery hydrochloric acid 20mL, boil retention time 5min, dilution constant volume 200mL.
example 3
Except following difference, all the other all adopt the method identical with example 1 to measure the ammonium sulfate sample of this example: ammonium sulfate sample takes 0.6g, add (1+4) watery hydrochloric acid 18mL, boil retention time 4min, dilution constant volume 150mL.
example 4
Except following difference, all the other all adopt the method identical with example 1 to measure the ammonium sulfate sample of this example: ammonium sulfate sample takes 0.7g, add (1+4) watery hydrochloric acid 19mL, boil retention time 3min, dilution constant volume 100mL.
example 5
Except following difference, all the other all adopt the method identical with example 1 to measure the ammonium sulfate sample of this example: ammonium sulfate sample takes 0.8g, add (1+4) watery hydrochloric acid 20mL, boil retention time 3min, dilution constant volume 200mL.
example 6
Except following difference, all the other all adopt the method identical with example 1 to measure the ammonium sulfate sample of this example: ammonium sulfate sample takes 0.9g, add (1+4) watery hydrochloric acid 15mL, boil retention time 4min, dilution constant volume 200mL.
example 7
Except following difference, all the other all adopt the method identical with example 1 to measure the ammonium sulfate sample of this example: ammonium sulfate sample takes 1.0g, add (1+4) watery hydrochloric acid 17mL, boil retention time 4min, dilution constant volume 100mL.
example 8
Except following difference, all the other all adopt the method identical with example 1 to measure the ammonium sulfate sample of this example: ammonium sulfate sample takes 0.5g, add (1+4) watery hydrochloric acid 16mL, boil retention time 4min, dilution constant volume 100mL.
precision test 1
The ammonium sulfate sample of example 1 and example 3 is carried out respectively independently clearing up for 8 times preparation and detect sample solution, determination of elemental analysis and result calculating, 8 measurement results are carried out to statistical treatment, assess precision of the present invention according to relative standard deviation (RSD%).Measurement result is in table 1.
Table 1 analytical approach precision (n=8) %
precision test 2
The ammonium sulfate sample of example 5 and example 7 is carried out respectively independently clearing up for 8 times preparation and detect sample solution, determination of elemental analysis and result calculating, 8 measurement results are carried out to statistical treatment, assess precision of the present invention according to relative standard deviation (RSD%).Measurement result is in table 2.
Table 2 analytical approach precision (n=8) %
From Table 1 and Table 2, the RSD(relative standard deviation of main secondary element or composition (ammonium root, ammonium sulfate, free sulfuric acid)) be not more than 1.5%, the RSD of micro impurity element (iron, lead, arsenic, chromium) is not more than 5.0%, this shows that method of the present invention has good precision, and the preparation of sample solution and Instrument measuring reappearance are good.
result control test
Respectively the content of ammonium root, ammonium sulfate and free sulfuric acid in example 2, example 4 and 6 three ammonium sulfate samples of example is tested.Then adopt nitrogen in the Kjeldahl nitrogen determination ammonium sulfate of traditional classical, also ammonia in ammonium sulfate sample is distilled out and is used excess sulfuric acid standard solution to absorb in alkaline medium, adopt standard solution of sodium hydroxide back titration excess sulfuric acid, thereby calculate the content of ammonium root, ammonium sulfate; And adopt standard solution of sodium hydroxide by the content of acid base neutralization titration reaction assay free sulfuric acid.Above-mentioned two kinds of methods (being designated as respectively this programme and chemical method) measurement result is contrasted, the results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 standard model testing result control test (%)
As seen from Table 3, in method mensuration ammonium sulfate sample of the present invention, ammonium root, ammonium sulfate and the result of free sulfuric acid and the structure of traditional classical chemical analysis method are basically identical, and this shows that method of the present invention has high accuracy and reliability.
In sum, technique effect of the present invention comprises: have the accuracy same with traditional chemical analysis method, and the process of mensuration efficient quick, the whole process time of realizing method of the present invention is no more than 15min, can be disposable, the quality inspection that simultaneously meets impurity contents such as measuring ammonium root, ammonium sulfate, free sulfuric acid and iron, lead, arsenic, chromium in ammonium sulfate product with control requirement.In addition, method of the present invention also has that step simple to operate is few, hand labor intensity is low, not affected by the human factors such as operator quality level and skills involved in the labour, inspection process is short, analysis speed is fast, the simple consumption of chemical reagent seldom, does not use the advantages such as poisonous and harmful organic reagent and detection elements and content range be wide.Therefore, compared with classic method, method of the present invention has clear superiority at aspects such as human and material resources consumption and analysis speeds, not only greatly reduce inspection cost, improve production efficiency and shortened analysis time, and avoided the secondary pollution to environment, and meeting the development trend in green laboratory, popularizing application prospect is wide.
Claims (6)
1. a method that detects industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product composition, is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:
Clear up industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product with dilute hydrochloric acid solution, with water dilution constant volume, form solution to be measured, wherein, described industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product contains ammonium sulfate, free sulfuric acid and impurity element;
Adopt ICP-AES to measure nitrogen, sulphur and the impurity content in solution to be measured simultaneously;
The content of the nitrogen element obtaining according to mensuration, calculate respectively the content of ammonium root and ammonium sulfate in industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product by ammonium root molecular formula and ammonium sulfate molecular formula, according to the content and the ammonium sulfate molecular formula that calculate ammonium sulfate in industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product, calculate the content of sulfate radical in ammonium sulfate molecule, the content of the element sulphur obtaining according to mensuration, calculate the content of total sulfate radical in ammonium sulfate sample by sulfate radical molecular formula, pass through minusing, from total sulfate radical content, deduct the content of sulfate radical in described ammonium sulfate molecule, obtain the content of industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product Free Sulfuric Acid.
2. the method for detection industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product composition according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described impurity element comprises one or more in iron, lead, arsenic and chromium.
3. the method for detection industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product composition according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the concentrated hydrochloric acid that described dilute hydrochloric acid solution is 36%～38% by mass percent concentration and water form according to the proportionate relationship mixed preparing of volume ratio 1:4.
4. the method for detection industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product composition according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described employing ICP-AES is measured the nitrogen in solution to be measured simultaneously, the step of sulphur and impurity content also comprises and adopts series of standards solution to draw for measuring industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product nitrogen, the calibration curve of sulphur and impurity element, multiple standard solution that described series of standards solution is all concentration gradient by the mass percentage concentration of ammonium sulfate mass percentage concentration and the element corresponding with described impurity element form, in each standard solution in described multiple standard solution, ammonium sulfate and the described element corresponding with impurity element have respectively the mass percentage concentration of setting, and the mass percentage concentration of ammonium sulfate in 90～100% scopes and the mass percentage concentration of the described element corresponding with impurity element in 0.0～2.00% scope.
5. the method for detection industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product composition according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the step detected parameters that described employing ICP-AES is measured nitrogen, sulphur and impurity content in solution to be measured is simultaneously set to: RF power 1300W, assisted gas flow velocity 1.0L/min, peristaltic pump pump speed 65r/min, height of observation 11.2mm, atomizer pressure 0.18MPa, measure 15～20s integral time, and select element analysis spectrum line to be: N174.272nm, S182.034nm.
6. the method for detection industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product composition according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the step of described formation solution to be measured is: take 0.5～1.0g industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product, add the low-temperature heat of 15～20mL dilute hydrochloric acid solution to clear up industrial sulphuric acid ammonium product to complete, high-temperature heating boils and keeps 3～5min, dilutes to volume in 100～200mL volumetric flask after cooling with water.
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Application publication date: 20140521 |