CN103807319A

CN103807319A - Electromagnetic one-way coupling

Info

Publication number: CN103807319A
Application number: CN201310544615.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 丹尼斯·N·乌斯; 诺曼·J·伯德
Original assignee: Ford Global Technologies LLC
Current assignee: Ford Global Technologies LLC
Priority date: 2012-11-06
Filing date: 2013-11-06
Publication date: 2014-05-21
Anticipated expiration: 2033-11-06
Also published as: CN103807319B; DE102013222408B4; DE102013222408A1

Abstract

A one-way clutch comprises a cam plate having a cam, a notched plate with notches and wedges, each said wedge is in one of the notches, and an electromagnet engaging one of the wedges with one of the cams. The electromagnet has a coil, a core and poles extend from the coil to wedge. A gap is formed between the poles and the pocket plate exceeding a gap between the poles and wedge.

Description

Electromagnetism unidirectional coupler

Technical field

The present invention relate in general to engage and the alternative control of dissociated state surmount unidirectional coupler, for example break or clutch.

Background technique

Automatic transmission is carried out power ratio control stream and sets up operating mechanism with hydraulically powered clutch and break.Overrunning clutch bearing torque and in the opposite direction surmounting in one direction.Optional overrunning clutch can surmount on both direction, can be in the clockwise direction, counterclockwise or both direction pin.Magnetic clutch drives locking member or voussoir with electromagnetism rather than hydraulic pressure, linkage mechanism or centrifugal force.

Overrunning clutch typically comprises two seat rings and locking member, is sometimes called voussoir (strut) or swinging block (rocker).Locking member or voussoir are assemblies movably, will wedge between seat ring and transmitting torque in one direction.In the time that moment of torsion reverses, locking member is by the position of " getting into " locking or rotate the position of locking.A seat ring (notched disc) holds locking member and can be that rotate or fixing.Another seat ring (cam disk) has the feature with locking member interaction transmitting torque.This seat ring can be also rotation or fixing.

In electromagnetism overrunning clutch, by using Electromagnetic Control locking element.In the time that electric current imposes on spiral conductor, to electromagnet energy supply with engage or the locking member that dissociates.

For normal operation, electromagnetism overrunning clutch requires gappedly between locking member and magnetic pole to produce necessary power and drive locking member or swinging block.In the time that coil is charged, swinging block must rotate specific distance to change jointing state.The gap that this is rotating closed between swinging block and coil magnetic pole.Therefore the gap between magnetic pole and swinging block is maximum before charging.In order to make the size minimum of coil, it is useful controlling this gap.

Often use non-magnetic material prevention magnetic leakage, if too much magnetic flux is revealed rather than jump gaps arrival swinging block from seat ring, the size of the power of generation may be not enough to mobile this swinging block.

The coil of magnetic clutch need to be arranged on to the place approaching with locking member as far as possible.But, force like this in the region of seat ring of coil in carrying maximum power and deflection, thereby have the risk of damaging coil.But coil is shifted to safer position and can be undermined the generation of magnetic flux.

Summary of the invention

A kind of unidirectional coupler, comprise the cam disk with cam, the jagged notched disc of tool, voussoir, each voussoir is arranged in one of them recess, and for by the electromagnet of one of them voussoir and one of them cam engagement, it comprise coil, core and the magnetic pole, magnetic pole and the notched disc that extend to described voussoir from coil between gap, the gap between magnetic pole and notched disc exceedes the gap between magnetic pole and described voussoir.

Because notched disc is fixed, and electromagnet is positioned on notched disc, directly act on voussoir, therefore: (i) eliminated and there is voussoir and be loosely received in the dynamics problem that spring in the recess of center line high speed operation is relevant, having made the remarkable increase of OWC reliability; (ii) locking member can be controlled at the position of joint or the position of dissociating, but, if on cam seat ring, only controlling voussoir, electromagnet engages; And (iii) be not to there is a large diameter coil, realize and significantly save cost, material, weight and component feature space but can be wound around many small coils, and the reliability of increase is provided.If use a coil and it to break down, assembly may be inoperative.If use multiple small coils and one to break down, result is miopragia.

From following detailed specification, claims and accompanying drawing, the Applicable scope of preferred implementation will become apparent.Should be understood that, preferred embodiment of the present invention although specification and specific embodiment have shown, it only illustrates.Variations and modifications to the above-described embodiment and examples are apparent to those skilled in the art.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Will be easier to understand the present invention with reference to following specification and accompanying drawing, wherein:

Fig. 1 is the plan view of selectable OWC, and wherein ring is axially aligned;

Fig. 2 is the side perspective of OWC optionally in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the perspective view of the electromagnet of OWC, the second voussoir and the second notched disc optionally in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 shows to be assemblied in the second voussoir in the second notched disc and the side view of coil;

Fig. 5 is the side view that shows the voussoir that dissociates and its lever ratio;

Fig. 6 is the perspective view that shows the magnetic pole radially extending to the voussoir dissociating from coil inner side;

Fig. 7 shows that the voussoir that dissociates is because spring force contacts the side view of its block; And

Fig. 8 is the perspective view that shows the magnetic flux path from one of them magnetic pole to relative magnetic pole by locking member.

Embodiment

Fig. 1, the 2 and 3 optional OWB10 that show comprise radially outer ring, the first cam disk 12; The first notched disc 14; Radially inner ring, the second cam disk 16; And inner ring radially, the second notched disc 18.Lead frame 20 is removed to show three coils 24 and three second voussoirs 26 of

electromagnet.Dish

12,14,16 and 18 aligns with axis 22.

The radially-outer surface of the first cam disk 12 is formed with spline tooth 28, and cam disk 12 is by the relatively-stationary transmission assembly assembly of spline tooth 28, and preferably gearbox, fixes and do not rotate.Similarly, the inner radial surface of the first notched disc 14 is formed with spline tooth 30, and notched disc 14 is fixed on the reaction force support of transmission gear group by spline tooth 30.This support transfers a torque to OWB10, makes the first notched disc 14, the second cam disk 16 sub-assembly rotations.

The first notched disc 14 supporting wedges 32, each voussoir is compressed by spring 34 separately and radially outward is switched to and engages with one of them cam 36 on the first cam disk 12, thereby the first notched disc 14 can be connected with the first cam disk 12 with driving, and keep cam disk 12 not rotate.Retainer plate 21 between the axial surface of notched disc 14 and the axial surface of the second cam disk 16 stops and voussoir 32 generation interference.

The centrifugal force producing on each voussoir 32 overcomes the power of spring 34 separately, and this spring force makes voussoir towards cam 36 pivotables.Under high-speed, each voussoir 32, away from cam 36 pivotables, has reduced the operation cycle on spring.The first cam disk 12 must be complete circle, because the first notched disc 14 may stop the rotation in position, arbitrary angle.

The first cam disk 12, the first notched disc 14 and voussoir 32 comprise the first driving coupling, in this case, uni-directional brake is at the first notched disc with respect to (when when observing shown in Fig. 1) locking of first cam disk clockwise direction when rotation or engage, and in the time that the first notched disc counterclockwise rotates with respect to the first cam disk, (when when observing shown in Fig. 1) surmounts.

The internal surface of the second cam disk 16 is formed with inner spline gear 38, and the external spline teeth 39 on the outer surface of inner spline gear 38 and the first notched disc 14 engages.

The second notched disc 18 bolts are connected in the first cam disk 12, and it does not rotate relative to fixing.Retainer plate 40 connects the opposite end of the second notched disc 18.Each the second voussoir 26 is bearing on the second notched disc 18 pivotally.Be arranged in the spring 42 of each recess position, preferably helical spring, compresses voussoir 26 radially outwards separately away from cam 44 pivotables on the second cam disk 16, thereby the driving of opening between the second cam disk 16 and the second notched disc 18 connects.

The second cam disk 16, the second notched disc 18 and voussoir 26 comprise the second driving coupling, uni-directional brake (when when observing shown in Fig. 1) locking or engage in the time that the first notched disc 14 counterclockwise rotates with respect to the first cam disk, (when when observing shown in Fig. 1) surmounts at the first notched disc during with respect to the first notched disc 14 clockwise directions rotation.

When running, in the time that electric current is supplied to each coil 24 of electromagnet, the magnetic field of carrying by voussoir 26 separately makes voussoir radially inwardly towards cam 44 pivotables, thereby the driving of closing between the second cam disk 16 and the second notched disc 18 connects.In the time that one of them voussoir 26 engages with one of them cam 44, the second cam disk does not rotate relative to fixing by voussoir 26, the second notched disc 18 and the first cam disk 12.

In the time of coil blackout, spring 42 departs from and the engaging of cam 44 the second voussoir 26 pivotables, and each the second voussoir contacts support (standoff) or the block 46 on the radial surface that is positioned at the second notched disc 18.Block preferably has plastics or the other materials of relatively low permeability.

Have electric current because produce the coil 24 of electromagnet, they must be positioned at the second notched disc 18 as fixing seat ring.Because the power of magnetic flux forces voussoir 26 and the second notched disc 18, fixing seat ring to engage, imbalance is not problem, and notched disc 18 can be the shape beyond complete circle.

Fig. 4 has shown one of them second voussoir 26 that is positioned at the recess 50 that is formed at the second notched disc 18, the impact of the power Fs producing due to gravity and spring 42, and voussoir departs from cam 44 contact blocks 46 of the second cam disk 16.14-16 assembly also forces voussoir 26 to dissociate in the rotation surmounting for voussoir 26 in direction.Each spring 42 is arranged in the cylinder shape groove 52 being formed on dish 18.

Each recess 50 is formed with cylindrical concave 54, and the complementary convex surface pivotable of voussoir 26 is placed on recessed cylindrical surface 54.Each recess 50 is also formed with guiding voussoir 26 and moves and limit the cylindrical concave 56 that it moves radially.

In the time supplying with coil 24 electric current, produce magnetic field so that its magnetic lines of flux or magnetic induction line pass between relative

magnetic pole

60,61, and due to the high permeability of voussoir 26, pass along the axial width of voussoir 26.Magnetic field produces distributed force Fm on voussoir 26, and magnetic is brought out moment on voussoir, and this makes voussoir in surperficial 54 clockwise direction pivotables, and engages with the cam 44 of the second cam disk 16.Fig. 1 has shown one of them voussoir 26 engaging with one of them cam 44 and two voussoirs that dissociate with cam 44 and contact blocks 46.

Surface 54 applies power Fg in pivot location to voussoir 26, and surface 56 applies power Fp to voussoir.

Gearbox controller opens and closes the connection between power supply and coil 24, engages with the second cam disk 16 because do not use centrifugal force to make voussoir 26 pivotables.

The second notched disc 18 is along being less than 360.Circular arc extend.The radial line obtaining from the angle end of axis 22 to second notched discs 18 has formed size and has been about 75.Angle.The second notched disc 18 is enough large, to hold the voussoir 26 of necessary amount, thus the space minimum that reduces cost and the weight of seat ring and speed changer is needed.

Fig. 4 has illustrated that representative imposes on the vector of the power of one of them the second voussoir 26, wherein Fs is the power of spring 42, Fm is the magnetic force existing in the time that electromagnet is switched on, Fc is the power that imposes on contact surface 56, Fg is the gravity producing due to the weight of voussoir 26, ps is the power that imposes on pivot surface 54 in the time of electromagnet power-off, and pm is the power that imposes on pivot surface 54 in the time that electromagnet is switched on.

As shown in Fig. 5-8, locking member or voussoir 26 are positioned on the second fixing notched disc 18, thereby electromagnet can be acted directly on locking member, rather than electromagnet is arranged on the second cam disk 16, each cam 44 is as poles attract locking member 26.

In order to realize necessary pivotal displacement, to make gap 70 minimums, for locking member has designed lever ratio in the end 66 of the locking member 26 that makes to engage with cam 44 simultaneously.As shown in Figure 5, if the pivot center 62 on the surface 54 from locking member 26 is units to the distance B at surperficial 56 center 64, are four units from the distance C of 64Dao end, center 66 so.This leverage allows end 66 maximum displacements to make to drive anterior diastema minimum simultaneously.

Permeability magnetic material can cause too much magnetic leakage, and this just causes afunction.Fig. 6 has shown the

magnetic pole

60,61 with horseshoe-shaped shape, and it has from vertical substantially aperture to the both arms that inwardly extend towards voussoir separately, through coil 24 or wire.

As best shown in Figures 7 and 8, in order to prevent too much magnetic leakage, the second notched disc 18 is formed on the magnetic pole 60 of electromagnet, near 61, so that the air gap 68 between

magnetic pole

60,61 and the second

notched disc

18,69 are greater than the gap 70 between

magnetic pole

60,61 and locking member 26.Reveal although there are some magnetic, with the gap 70 of locking member 26 are minimum reluctance passages.Therefore, enough magnetic flux leaps to this gap 70 and makes locking member 26 towards cam 44 pivotables.When locking member 26 pivotables and while engaging with cam 44, gap 70 reduces, and causes that magnetic flux density on voussoir 26 and the size of magnetic induction force increase.

Except apply lever

ratio control gap

68,69,70 to locking member 26, also need the magnetic flux of sufficient amount (in Fig. 8, arrow is represented) guiding locking member 26 to make locking member 26 towards cam 44 pivotables to produce enough power.

Fig. 7 and 8 has illustrated surrounding the partial contour on voussoir surface 72 separately and extend around it in abutting connection with profile of

magnetic pole

60,61 separately.This encirclement does not have 72 extensions surfacewise to carry more magnetic flux to enter the most critical region 74 of voussoir 26 than the simple termination

magnetic pole

60,61 in traditional electromagnet.

In the time that locking member 26 engagement cam 44 and moment of torsion transmit between the second cam disk 16 and the second notched disc 18, on this dish, may there is a large amount of deflection, particularly near the cam 44 being engaged by voussoir 26.Therefore it is very important coil 24 being arranged away from the position of the highest deflection, otherwise coil and its accessory may be damaged.But having the position of high deflection, conventionally to produce suitable magnetic flux for coil 24 be the position needing most.In order to solve this two problems, each coil 24 is positioned on the radial outside surface 78 of the second notched disc 18.After energising, this system may be held and cause unnecessary locked residual magnetism.Add at set intervals a demagnetization cycle to solve this problem.

In the time that voussoir 26 pivotables enter the position of joint, through the iron in magnetic field or the secondary voltage of steel initiation coil 24.By the voltage of monitoring coil voltage peak value, observer can determine whether swinging block engages.Lacking this voltage peak represents to fail to engage.

According to patent statute, illustrate preferred embodiment.But, should be noted that except illustrating and describing and can implement alternative mode of execution.

Claims

1. a coupling device, is characterized in that, comprises:

Comprise the cam disk of cam;

Comprise the notched disc of recess;

Voussoir, each voussoir is arranged in one of them recess;

Be used for the electromagnet of one of them voussoir and one of them cam engagement, it comprises the gap between coil, core and magnetic pole from coil to described voussoir extension, magnetic pole and notched disc from, wherein, the gap between magnetic pole and notched disc exceedes the gap between magnetic pole and described voussoir.

2. coupling device according to claim 1, is characterized in that:

Core extends through coil,

Magnetic pole comprises from core first and second arms that voussoir extends wherein; And

Coil comprises electric lead.

3. coupling device according to claim 1, is characterized in that:

Core extends through coil,

Magnetic pole comprises that magnetic pole extends around the described voussoir of part from core first and second arms that voussoir extends wherein.

4. coupling device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, notched disc is fixing not to be rotated.

5. coupling device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, coil is positioned at the radial outside of notched disc.

6. coupling device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, one of them cam and engaging of one of them voussoir cause the voltage peak of coil, show to occur described joint.

7. coupling device according to claim 1, is characterized in that:

Each recess is formed with the concave surface with the first center, and voussoir is around the first center pivotable;

Each voussoir comprises the first convex surface contacting with concave surface, there is the second convex surface that the second center and the second center and the first center separate the first length, and separating the surface of the second length with one of them cam engagement and with the second center, the second length is greater than the first length.

8. coupling device according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the second length is approximately four times of the first length.

9. coupling device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, notched disc is formed by the material with the first permeability; And

Further comprise the block forming between described voussoir and notched disc and by the material with the second permeability, the second permeability is less than the first permeability.