CN103806484B - Air lifting underwater desilting construction method - Google Patents
Air lifting underwater desilting construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103806484B CN103806484B CN201410038912.8A CN201410038912A CN103806484B CN 103806484 B CN103806484 B CN 103806484B CN 201410038912 A CN201410038912 A CN 201410038912A CN 103806484 B CN103806484 B CN 103806484B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an air lifting underwater desilting construction method. The method comprises the following steps of (1) sediment survey and classification, (2) desilting system designing, (3) desilting system processing, (4) construction preparation, (5) main desilting pipe installation, (6) air supply system assembling, (7) diving equipment assembling, (8) high-pressure water system arranging, (9) desilting system test run, (10) sediment pumping drainage, (11) sediment processing, (12) measuring controlling and (13) desilting base face measuring and acceptance check. An air lifting underwater desilting system is few in required device and small in device size, system configuration and arrangement are relatively simple, the system is applicable to desilting work of specific areas such as reservoirs, power stations and hydraulic buildings, carrying is convenient and the range of application is wide; meanwhile, the system can come into service quickly, has the install-and-play advantage and is not interfered by water surface buildings.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of construction of underwater desilting, particularly air lifting underwater desilting construction.
Background technology
China is vast in territory, and river course, reservoir, power station etc. are numerous, and the blood vessels that they are all lived for us are responsible for be drunk, lets out
The difference in functionalitys such as flood, water drainage, tourism, shipping, generating.But silt is pooled to river course, is commonly formed drift in reservoir with current,
Drift easily causes river course blocking, has a strong impact on the use function in river course.For slowing down alluvial, extend the reservoir life-span, traditional
Dredging method generally adopts mechanical equivalent of light excavation, and mechanical equivalent of light excavation needs to be equipped with large-scale excavation equipment.During actually used, machinery leaves
Dig specific region include reservoir, power station, in water conservancy project construction it is impossible to organize work, large-scale excavation equipment cannot be introduced into；Simultaneously
Depth of water larger part, excavation equipment desilting efficiency data is relatively low, and it is not thorough desilting often, wastes time and energy.
Content of the invention
Present invention aim at providing air lifting underwater desilting construction, mainly use compressed air close under water
Rise in stopped pipe road in decompression process and form negative pressure, the drift of desilting system bottom is promoted to the mouth of pipe with current and discharges, reach
To a system of the purpose moving removing to drift, under normal circumstances, it needs the graininess according to desilting object
Different with cleaning object, select random giant or diver to coordinate disturbance bottom drift to imitate with the work improving desilting
Rate.At deep water, because hydraulic pressure increases, compressed air discharges the negative pressure producing in decompression process and would be more advantageous this construction
In underwater desilting, therefore, it is possible to realize effective Dredging Construction at deep water.This construction can effectively will need to clear up simultaneously
Debris, drift move, clean out according to predetermined requirement, therefore, whole system also have a lot of special occasions use
Special role and meaning.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, adopt the following technical scheme that：
Air lifts underwater desilting construction：It is characterized in that comprising the steps：
（a）Drift exploration classification：
Drift in desilting region is surveyed, initially with diver manually dive under water method exploration, in region
Drift classified and recorded, recorded content includes：Drift amount, species of depositing, drift particle size range etc., obtain
Survey log to drift；Then the instrument and equipment of gamma-radiation Density Measuring Instrument and correlation is carried on exploration vessel, by correlator
Device equipment is connected with gamma-radiation density；After the completion of connection, go deep in water, pointwise measures downwards, the maximum desilting depth of exploration,
Pressure of water-bed each point etc. simultaneously records；
（b）Desilting system designs：
Determine desilting equipment first, include：Shipwreck, collection slag ship, air lifting desilting supervisor, blowpipe
Road, compressed air control distributing valve, compressed air reservoir, air compressor machine, diving supply air compressor machine, Multi-stage high-pressure water pump, high pressure
Hydraulic giant, compressed air mixed flow case, crane gear；Survey log then in conjunction with drift, determine model, the bore of desilting equipment
Deng, and design desilting equipment installation drawing, obtain preliminary desilting system；
（c）Desilting system is processed：
Organizational project management, related director etc. discuss processing for preliminary desilting system, and impropriety is carried out
Adjust the desilting system improving；
（d）Preparation of construction：
Workmen is familiar with drawing and construction requirement；Related director according to the workmen in Design of Construction Organization, apply
Work plant equipment and material etc. carry out tissue dispatches；Tissue desilting equipment maintenance, maintenance, rent with etc. work, be that engineering is suitable
Profit is implemented to carry out sufficient material preparation；Construction equipment is transported on shipwreck and operation platform is built on shipwreck；According to silt
Long-pending thing reconnoitres log, carries out repacking arrangement to collection slag ship, accomplishes that collecting slag ship structure meets storage and the requirement of transport drift；
（e）Desilting supervisor install：
According to engineering design requirements, select suitable desilting supervisor, desilting supervisor upper end is floss hole, and lower end is silt dredging
Mouthful, desilting supervisor connected using flange；The length of desilting supervisor determines according to maximum operating water depth and floss hole position, desilting master
Mouth of pipe footpath determines according to the maximum particle diameter of drift；Then perforate operation is carried out to desilting supervisor's tube wall, this hole is steam vent, opens
Hole position is set in the silt dredging mouth end of desilting supervisor, bore and the discharge capacity of air compressor machine that steam vent aperture and quantity are responsible for according to desilting
Depending on, steam vent is evenly arranged along tube wall surrounding；After tube wall perforate terminates, mixed flow case is welded to master by fixedly connected part
The outside of pipe osseotomy site, forms mixed flow room therefore between mixed flow case and tube wall；Simultaneously according to engineering design requirements, in mixed flow case
The interface of upper arrangement respective numbers, interface is used for connecting supply air line, deposits on operation platform after installation；
（f）Air supply system assembles：
Air supply system includes：Compressed air conveying pipeline, compressed air control distributing valve, compressed air reservoir and sky
Press, air supply system is deposited on operation platform；Compressed air is generated using air compressor machine, the capacity of air compressor machine is according to desilting
Depending on the bore of supervisor, depending on the supply gas pressure of air compressor machine is according to the depth of water：Bore is responsible in the desilting of 200～250mm, supporting sky
The capacity of press is in 6～10M3/min；Bore 250～300mm desilting be responsible for the capacity of supporting air compressor machine 12～
20M3/min；Bore is responsible for the capacity of supporting air compressor machine in 60～100M in the desilting of 300～500mm3/min；Air compressor machine
Supply gas pressure is in 0.7～1.5Mpa；
The compressed air delivery pipe of air compressor machine connects compressed air reservoir, same at compressed air reservoir upper outlet
Connect compressed air conveying pipeline, this air delivery pipe is supply air line, and distributing valve, distribution are installed on this supply air line
Valve controls the amount of entering of compressed air；The end of this supply air line is connected to the seam of mixed flow case, the quantity of supply air line with
The interface quantity of mixed flow case is consistent；After the completion of connection, first by shipwreck, air supply system is transported to desilting position with desilting supervisor,
Rely on crane gear by desilting main frame tube to water-bed, silt dredging mouth down be aligned drift again, floss hole be aligned collection slag ship simultaneously keeps；
（g）Diving apparatus assembles：
Diving apparatus includes diving supply air compressor machine and breather, and diving supply air compressor machine is installed on operation platform, and
It is firm whether inspection installation installs, and breather is communicated with supply air compressor machine, and breather is that diver provides air；
（h）High pressure water system is arranged：
High pressure water system includes giant and Multi-stage high-pressure water pump, and Multi-stage high-pressure water pump is installed on operation platform, and
And near diving supply air compressor machine, then check whether that installation is firm；Giant is connected on Multi-stage high-pressure water pump；
(i) desilting system trial operation：
First turn on air compressor machine and generate compressed air, in compressed-air-storing to compressed air storage tank, ducker simultaneously
Member puts the suit on, and diving dress connects breather and erects giant, and diver enters the bottom and to desilting position and opens latent
Water supplies air compressor machine；It is then turned on controlling distributing valve, desilting supervisor starts to extract drift, and diver is according to actual desilting feelings
Condition, is illustrated workmen to open high-pressure hydraulic pump, using giant, drift is rushed under water and disturb, and disturbs situation according to actual punching
Position, auxiliary desilting work are disturbed in Reasonable adjustment punching；Adjust distributing valve every 5min between trial run period, change air demand, diver
Actual desilting situation is fed back to workmen, workmen checks the working condition of each equipment simultaneously；Construct between trial run period
The all processes of personnel record, if each equipment operation condition is good between trial run period, desilting is stable, then carry out next process, no
Then check that problem is located and solves, and after solution, can carry out next process；
（j）Drift pump drainage：
First turn on air compressor machine and generate compressed air, in compressed-air-storing to compressed air storage tank, ducker simultaneously
Member puts the suit on, and diving dress connects breather and erects giant, and diver enters the bottom and to desilting position and opens latent
Water supplies air compressor machine；It is then turned on controlling distributing valve, to optimal position, now compressed air is through air supply pipe for distribution valve regulation
Road enters mixed flow room；Compressed air enters through steam vent in desilting supervisor after mixed flow interior extruding, due to compressed air pressure
More than atmospheric pressure, the compressed air in desilting supervisor is gradually increasing；In uphill process, in desilting supervisor, form negative pressure, desilting system
The drift of system bottom enters silt dredging mouth with current and is gradually promoted to floss hole, finally reaches in collection slag ship, simultaneously according to latent
Water person's feedack, is responsible for position by crane gear Reasonable adjustment desilting；Diver, according to actual desilting situation, illustrates to apply
Workman person opens high-pressure hydraulic pump, using giant, drift is rushed under water and disturbs, and disturbs situation Reasonable adjustment according to actual punching
Position, auxiliary desilting work are disturbed in punching；During desilting, if there is blocking, the method for reopening of holding one's breath is taken to eliminate blocking；Region
After the completion of interior desilting, close each equipment, by crane gear and shipwreck, desilting system is moved to non-desilting region, then repeat on
State desilting process until the desilting completing in works scope works；
（k）Sludge treatment：
In desilting work process, the drift on collection slag ship gradually increases, when the weight of drift reaches collection slag ship
Specified stop dredging operation first when bearing weight, then collection slag shipping delivered to the sludge treatment point specified toppled over, so
After return to and work at desilting；So move in circles until the desilting completing in works scope works；
（l）Measurement controls：
1. set up SURVEYING CONTROL NETWORK：Examined according to the design combined factors such as road general layout and job site geographical environment
Consider, Reasonable Arrangement measurement controls stake；Again according to the coordinate of construction unit's offer, vertical control point after controlling stake cloth good, will lay
The coordinate of polygon control survey point, the measurement of higher degree out, through check errorless after be formed for complete directly instructing measurement construction
Coordinate, vertical control network system, and form writing record；
2. control point is surveyed and is set：Project management department checks to measurement control point first, the level providing further according to design department
Point carries out the encryption of construction temporary bench mark, and temporary bench mark is arranged at outside range and checks whether temporary bench mark is hard
Gu stable, construction period checked to it every three months；Scene, the horizontal control point using and vertical control point are in construction
During every three months repetition measurement once；
（m）The measurement of desilting basal plane is checked and accepted：
Using the examination mode of bamboo pole sampling, first bamboo pole is deep to the bottom, bamboo pole bottom has drift to enter, Ran Houxian
This bamboo pole is opened in field, if immobilising drift is less than 300mm, is considered as acceptance(check)；Otherwise this sample position is carried out
Encryption detection, underproof position carries out secondary desilting up to acceptance(check)；Field investigation and sampling is carried out by every mono- section of 10m, often
Individual 3 points of section；And check and acceptance result is reported supervising engineer, complete this acceptance of work.
Due to adopting technique scheme, have the advantages that：
This construction adopt air lifted underwater desilting method, it is to avoid mechanical equivalent of light excavation specific region include reservoir,
It is impossible to organize work in power station, water conservancy project construction, in depth of water larger part, excavation equipment desilting efficiency data is relatively low, desilting not thorough
Bottom, the problem wasting time and energy.Air lifts that the equipment that underwater desilting system needs is few, and equipment volume is little, the configuration of system and cloth
Put relatively simple, be suitable for the desilting work of the specific regions such as reservoir, power station, water conservancy project construction, convenient in carrying, applicable model
Enclose wide；Can comparatively fast come into operation simultaneously, there is plug and play, not disturbed by water surface construction.Clear at the depth of water
During silt, due to the increase of hydraulic pressure, compressed air discharges the negative pressure producing in decompression process and would be more advantageous in underwater desilting, can
Thoroughly effectively desilting work is realized at deep water.Main pipe in air lifting underwater desilting system is due to being bypass structure
, do not have any structural member to stop, drift handling capacity is stronger, debris are more in water conservancy project structure construction waters, alluvial
In the case that composition granule is larger, effectively the debris of cleaning, drift can will be needed to extract out according to predetermined requirement, therefore,
Whole system is also in special role and the meaning of the use of a lot of special occasions.For different desilting objects, desilting supervisor can
To select on demand, and change and be conveniently conducive to lifting dredging effect.This construction has environmental protection and energy saving, input cost simultaneously
Low, easy to use feature.
Brief description
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 lifts the artwork of underwater desilting system for air；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that mixed flow case is connected with desilting supervisor；
The structural representation that Fig. 3 is responsible for for desilting；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of flange；
Fig. 5 is the connection diagram at the I of Fig. 3.
Wherein：1 be desilting supervisor, 2 be air delivery pipe, 3 be control distributing valve, 4 be air accumulator, 5 be air compressor machine, 6
For supply air compressor machine, 61 be breather, 7 be Multi-stage high-pressure water pump, 71 be giant, 8 be operation platform, 9 be diver, 10
For mixed flow case, 11 be drift, 12 be crane gear, 101 be interface, 102 be fixedly connected part, 13 be floss hole, 14 be inhale
Silt mouth, 15 be flange.
Specific embodiment
Air of the present invention lifts underwater desilting construction, is reduced pressure using rising in compressed air under water closed conduit
Form negative pressure in journey, the drift 11 of desilting system bottom is promoted to the mouth of pipe with current and discharges, reach removing to drift 11
Move a system of the purpose of removing, under normal circumstances, it needs the graininess according to desilting object different with cleaning object,
Select random giant 71 or diver 9 cooperation disturbance bottom drift 11 to improve the work efficiency of desilting.Meanwhile, for
Different desilting objects, the caliber size selecting desilting pipeline can be change, and maximum gauge can accomplish 800mm.According to
The experience of underwater desilting work, lifts underwater desilting system using air, maximum lifting weight can reach hundreds of kilograms of block stone
Or cobble, but also there is relative requirement with supply gas pressure and water, the bore of feed channel with quantity to air demand simultaneously.Running
Cheng Zhong, if there is blocking it is also possible to take the method for reopening of holding one's breath to eliminate blocking.
This construction needs to prepare following material：
1st, diving dress, transmitter receiver, some compressed air conveying pipelines 2,300mm bore desilting supervisor 1,450mm bore are clear
Silt supervisor 1,800mm bore desilting supervisor 1, control distributing valve 3, air accumulator 4, mixed flow case 10, perforated material, some probes, water
Civilian winch, digital display level depth pressure transducer sounding instrument, bamboo pole, flange 15.
2nd, various Escape and Survival Equipments, think that this construction is waterborne and underwater performance, anti-flood control task is heavier, rescues
Raw clothing, lifebuoy, oxygen supply device etc. must be equipped with.
3rd, plant:
3.1、6m3The air compressor machine 5 of/min capacity, 60m3The air compressor machine 5 of/min capacity, 100m3The sky of/min capacity
Press 5.
3.2nd, shipwreck, collection slag ship, exploration vessel, supply air compressor machine 6, Multi-stage high-pressure water pump 7, giant 71, crane gear
12nd, gamma-radiation Density Measuring Instrument.
The personnel arrangement allotment such as following table of this construction：
| Position | Number |
| Supervising engineer | 3～4 |
| Diver | 3～4 |
| Equipment operation and installation personnel | 6～8 |
| Drift conveys personnel | 1～2 |
| Common laborer | 6～8 |
| Lifting workman | 1～2 |
| Quality inspection personnel | 1～2 |
| Punching personnel | 1～2 |
| Survey crew | 2～3 |
This construction comprises the steps：
（a）Drift exploration classification：
1st, the drift 11 in desilting region is surveyed, using diver 9 manually dive under water method exploration, in region
Drift 11 classified and recorded, recorded content includes：Drift 11 amount, drift 11 species, drift 11 particle diameter
Scope etc., obtains drift 11 exploration log；
2nd, first the instrument and equipment of gamma-radiation Density Measuring Instrument and correlation is carried on exploration vessel, assembles probe, by direct-reading
Digital display level depth pressure transducer sounding instrument is fixed on the corresponding site of probe, and the hydrographic winch of work is firmly welded on
On the iron plate of exploration fore.Then probe is connected by shackle with the steel wire rope of hydrographic winch, will be popped one's head in using hydrographic winch
Sinking plays measuring point under water, opens gamma-radiation Density Measuring Instrument main frame, and main frame automatic printing goes out this measuring point difference elevation gamma-radiation meter
Number；Meanwhile, survey crew record the corresponding gamma-radiation of popping one's head in that digital display level depth pressure transducer sounding instrument shows
The underwater penetration counting.After playing measuring point measurement and finishing, will pop one's head in slowly at the uniform velocity to sink, pointwise measures downwards, until probe is inserted
Enter drift 11 deep, till probe cannot continue to sink, and record maximum desilting depth, the correlation such as pressure of water-bed each point
Data.After this observation station measurement finishes, probe is left the water, with special cleaning meanss, probe is cleaned with water totally, then survey
Survey ship moves to next observation station and is surveyed.Guarantee that the regional of engineering is equipped with observation station, representative strong.
（b）Desilting system designs：
Determine desilting equipment first, include：Shipwreck, collection slag ship, air lifting desilting supervisor 1, blowpipe
Road 2, compressed air control distributing valve 3, compressed air reservoir 4, air compressor machine 5, diving supply air compressor machine 6, Multi-stage high-pressure water pump
7th, giant 71, compressed air mixed flow case 10, crane gear 12；Survey log then in conjunction with drift 11, determine desilting
The model of equipment, bore etc., and design desilting equipment installation drawing, obtain preliminary desilting system；
（c）Desilting system is processed：
Organizational project management, related director etc. discuss processing for preliminary desilting system, and impropriety is carried out
Adjust the desilting system improving；
（d）Preparation of construction：
According to overall construction site plan, to reconnoitring on the spot, check absolute altitude and the mutual alignment relation with surrounding buildingses, right
Construction domestic water, power supply for construction, face in field to set and carried out with room etc. planning as a whole reasonable arrangement.Before construction, construction manager prepares
Each management article of good safety board, safe ban board and seven board one figure, job site, and fire-fighting equipment.Implement technical data,
After construction drawing is connected to, the tissue relevant personnel are familiar with construction drawing immediately, must catch main construction drawing link when seeing figure,
It is resolved in construction drawing joint examination, reducing will have the design change occurring during construction, from now on to place orders with enterprises for processing materials and to organize as far as possible
Construction.
Related director carries out group according to the workmen in Design of Construction Organization, construction equipment and material etc.
Knit and dispatch；Tissue desilting equipment maintenance, maintenance, rent with etc. work, be that engineering is smoothly implemented to carry out sufficient material and prepared；To apply
Construction equipment is transported on shipwreck and builds operation platform 8 on shipwreck；Log is reconnoitred according to drift 11, collection slag ship is carried out
Repacking arrangement, accomplishes that collecting slag ship structure meets storage and the requirement of transport drift 11；
（e）Desilting supervisor install：
According to engineering design requirements, select suitable desilting supervisor 1, desilting supervisor 1 is connected using flange 15, sealing effectiveness
Good, it is connected firmly；Desilting supervisor 1 includes silt dredging mouth 14 and floss hole 13, and silt dredging mouth 14 is located under water, floss hole 13 be aligned collection
Slag ship, the length of desilting supervisor 1 determines according to maximum operating water depth and floss hole 13 position it is desirable to the length of desilting supervisor 1 surpasses
Cross depth capacity 2-3m it is ensured that floss hole 13 can be alignd with collection slag ship；The maximum grain according to drift 11 for 1 bore is responsible in desilting
Footpath determines；Maximum caliber can reach 800mm, and desilting supervisor's 1 caliber is bigger, and required air demand is bigger, is used at ordinary times depositing
The desilting supervisor 1 of thing 11 cleaning can select the pipeline of below 300mm bore, when existing air compressor machine 5 discharge capacity is subject in limited time, then root
Determine that 1 caliber is responsible in desilting according to the discharge capacity of air compressor machine 5：1. require desilting to be responsible for 1 caliber and be more than maximum particle diameter 4-6cm, not only protect
Card desilting is unimpeded, and high to air compressor machine 5 utilization rate；2. the relation such as following table of 1 caliber and air compressor machine 5 discharge capacity is responsible in desilting：
| Air compressor machine discharge capacity (M3/min) | Caliber mm is responsible in desilting |
| ≤6 | ≤200 |
| 6～10 | 200～250 |
| 12～20 | 250～300 |
| 60～100 | 300～500 |
Then 1 tube wall is responsible for desilting and carries out perforate operation, this hole is steam vent, position of opening is located at desilting supervisor's 1
Depending on silt dredging mouth 14 end, steam vent aperture and quantity are according to the bore of desilting supervisor 1 and the discharge capacity of air compressor machine 5, according to following public affairs
Formula is calculated：
n=p/s
d=（s/3.14）^0.5
Wherein：N represents the quantity of steam vent；
P represents the discharge capacity of air compressor machine 5；
S represents the bore of desilting supervisor 1；
D represents the aperture of steam vent.
Steam vent is evenly arranged along tube wall surrounding；After tube wall perforate terminates, mixed flow case 10 is passed through fixedly connected part 102
It is welded to the outside of supervisor's osseotomy site, therefore between mixed flow case 10 and tube wall, form mixed flow room；Simultaneously will according to engineering design
Ask, the interface 101 of respective numbers is arranged on mixed flow case 10, interface 101 is used for connecting supply air line, deposits in after installation
On operation platform 8；
（f）Air supply system assembles：
Air supply system includes：Compressed air conveying pipeline 2, compressed air control distributing valve 3, compressed air reservoir 4
And air compressor machine 5, air supply system is deposited on operation platform 8；Compressed air, the capacity of air compressor machine 5 are generated using air compressor machine 5
Depending on bore according to desilting supervisor 1, depending on the supply gas pressure of air compressor machine 5 is according to the depth of water：Bore is in the desilting of 200～250mm
Supervisor 1, the capacity of supporting air compressor machine 5 is in 6～10M3/min；Bore is responsible for 1 supporting air compressor machine 5 in the desilting of 250～300mm
Capacity in 12～20M3/min；Bore 300～500mm desilting be responsible for the capacity of 1 supporting air compressor machine 5 60～
100M3/min；The supply gas pressure of air compressor machine 5 and the relation such as following table of maximum desilting depth：
| Maximum desilting depth（m） | The supply gas pressure of air engine（Mpa） |
| ≤5 | 0.7 |
| 5～8 | 0.7～1.3 |
| 8～11 | 1.3～1.5 |
| ≥11 | 1.5～1.7 |
The compressed air delivery pipe 2 of air compressor machine 5 connects compressed air reservoir 4, at compressed air reservoir 4 upper outlet
Same connection compressed air conveying pipeline 2, this air delivery pipe 2 is supply air line, and installs distribution on this supply air line
Valve, distributing valve controls the amount of entering of compressed air；The end of this supply air line is connected at the interface 101 of mixed flow case 10, supply
The quantity of pipeline is consistent with interface 101 quantity of mixed flow case 10；After the completion of connection, first by shipwreck by air supply system and desilting master
Pipe 1 is transported to desilting position, then relies on crane gear 12 that desilting is responsible for 1 frame to the bottom, and silt dredging mouth 14 is directed at drift down
11, floss hole 13 be aligned collection slag ship simultaneously keeps；
（g）Diving apparatus assembles：
Diving apparatus includes diving supply air compressor machine 6 and breather 61, and the bottom of diving supply air compressor machine 6 is equipped with thrust shaft
Hold a grade thrust disc, be primarily subjected to the remaining axial force of air compressor machine 5 and the deadweight of rotor.It is configured with connector, diving supply
Air compressor machine 6 relies on connector to be firmly attached on the operation platform 8 of shipwreck.Located at gas outlet on air air compressor machine 5, gas outlet is even
Connect trachea 61, breather 61 is provided with breathing mask；Air compressor machine 5 produces air, and air, is dived to breathing mask through breather 61
The wearable breathing mask of water person 9 obtains air, thus completing underwater performance.
（h）High pressure water system is arranged：
High pressure water system includes giant 71 and Multi-stage high-pressure water pump 7, and Multi-stage high-pressure water pump 7 is installed on operation platform 8
On, concrete installation process is as follows：
1st, Multi-stage high-pressure water pump 7 is transported to operation platform 8, levelling base；Wedge shape ferrum on pad near fot screw, by base
Padded 20～40mm；
2nd, with level indicator check base levelness, levelling after fill base with cement mortar, after cement mortar do after check water
Pingdu；
3rd, by the supporting plane of base, the dirt on water pump foot and motor foot plane is cleaned out, and water pump and motor
It is placed on base；
4th, adjust pump shaft level, levelling after suitably go up jack panel, in case walking about, to be regulated finish after installation motor,
At Heshui, pad, with iron plate, should not retain certain interval between pump shaft coupling and motor coupler；
5th, leveling ruler is placed on shaft coupling, checks whether water pump axis line is overlapped with electrical axis, if misaligned, in motor
Or the sole underlay tagger of pump, make two shaft couplings cylindrical equal with leveling ruler, then taking out pad has the tagger of multi-disc, use
To replace iron plate through the iron plate of initiative, and to reexamine；
6th, vibration damping installation is carried out using ZT type vibroshock, first press vibration isolation table size, poured cement supporting construction, ground should be lifted
To prevent hydrops, supporting construction wants level to high 50mm；
7th, check installation accuracy, measure the interplanar gap of two shaft couplings in several opposite location with clearance gauge, shaft coupling is put down
The upper minimum and maximum gap in face one week must not exceed 0.3 millimeter, and two ends centrage is up and down or the difference of left and right must not exceed 0.1 milli
Rice.
8th, giant 71 is connected on Multi-stage high-pressure water pump 7, and checks whether connection is firm；
(i) desilting system trial operation：
First turn on air compressor machine 5 and generate compressed air, in compressed-air-storing to compressed air storage tank, ducker simultaneously
Member puts the suit on, and diving dress connects breather 61 and erects giant 71, and diver 9 enters the bottom and to desilting position and opens
Open diving supply air compressor machine 6；It is then turned on controlling distributing valve 3, desilting supervisor 1 starts to extract drift 11, and diver 9 is according to reality
Border desilting situation, is illustrated workmen to open high-pressure hydraulic pump, using giant 71, drift 11 is rushed under water and disturb, according to
Actual punching is disturbed the punching of situation Reasonable adjustment and is disturbed position, auxiliary desilting work；Adjust distributing valve every 5min between trial run period, change and supply
Tolerance, actual desilting situation is fed back to workmen by diver 9, and workmen checks the working condition of each equipment simultaneously；Examination
Run duration workmen records all processes, if each equipment operation condition is good between trial run period, desilting is stable, then under carrying out
One procedure, otherwise checks that problem is located and solves, and after solution, can carry out next process；
（j）Drift pump drainage：
First turn on air compressor machine 5 and generate compressed air, in compressed-air-storing to compressed air storage tank, ducker simultaneously
Member puts the suit on, and diving dress connects breather 61 and erects giant 71, and diver 9 enters the bottom and to desilting position and opens
Open diving supply air compressor machine 6；It is then turned on controlling distributing valve 3, distribution valve regulation is to optimal position, now compressed air warp
Supply air line enters mixed flow room；Compressed air enters through steam vent in desilting supervisor 1 after mixed flow interior extruding, because compression is empty
The powerful compressed air in atmospheric pressure, desilting supervisor 1 of air pressure is gradually increasing；In uphill process, formed negative in desilting supervisor 1
Pressure, the drift 11 of desilting system bottom enters silt dredging mouth 14 with current and is gradually promoted to floss hole 13, finally reaches collection slag
In ship, simultaneously according to diver 9 feedack, it is responsible for 1 position by crane gear 12 Reasonable adjustment desilting；Diver 9
Factually border desilting situation, is illustrated workmen to open high-pressure hydraulic pump, using giant 71, drift 11 is rushed under water and disturb,
The punching of situation Reasonable adjustment is disturbed according to actual punching and disturbs position, auxiliary desilting work；During desilting, if there is blocking, take and close
The method that gas is reopened eliminates blocking；After the completion of desilting in region, close each equipment, by crane gear 12 and shipwreck by desilting system
System moves to non-desilting region, then repeats above-mentioned desilting process until the desilting completing in works scope works；
（k）Sludge treatment：
In desilting work process, the drift 11 on collection slag ship gradually increases, when the weight of drift 11 reaches collection slag
When ship specified bears weight, stop dredging operation first, then collection slag shipping delivered to drift 11 process points specified carrying out
Topple over；It is then return to work at desilting；So move in circles until the desilting completing in works scope works；
With the carrying out of dredging operation, the drift 11 of process points progressively increases, now need by drift 11 transport to
Spoil ground：Close vehicle preferable, that certificate is complete from functional, compartment, in strict accordance with specified link travel.Accomplish to transport
Defeated vehicle non-overloading, compartment top is all covered with tarpaulin, it is to avoid in transportation drift 11 be scattered pollution urban road and
Surrounding enviroment.For preventing unrest in transportation for the drift 11 from falling, disorderly abandoning problem, in work progress, my bid section will be using opening
Dig scene and the two-way method got the ticket endorsed in spoil ground, firmly prevent drift 11 and disorderly fall, disorderly abandon.For ensureing vehicle transport not to urban district
Environment, arranges cleanup crew, fallen soil block, mud to vehicle at any time in the segment of drift 11 transport
Block is cleaned, and arranges special messenger to be maked an inspection tour.
For the management of cooperation spoil ground, arrange ordinary excavator one in spoil ground, assistance transport vehicle to native, smooth Tu Chang
Deng.Spoir height, in strict accordance with planning height, forbids superzone domain, hypervelocity spoir.
（l）Measurement controls：
1st, measurement prepares：
1. to the measuring instrument being used measurement construction before it is necessary to through legal detection department identify after just can use.
2. the engineering control pile being provided according to construction unit, first carries out checking measurement to its coordinate, elevation, checks control point
Whether mis-tie misclosure itself is in specification prescribed limit, simultaneously built with intend that construction road is associated according to controlling point coordinates to check
Whether there is any discrepancy with this coordinate control system for building and road, through check errorless after could use construction unit provide seat
Mark, high process control stake.If finding, controlling stake to check error exceeds《Specifications of surveys》The permission model of defined in GB50208-2002
Enclose, written information should be submitted to it is desirable to again provide to construction unit.
3. set up SURVEYING CONTROL NETWORK：Examined according to the design combined factors such as road general layout and job site geographical environment
Consider, Reasonable Arrangement measurement controls stake；Again according to the coordinate of construction unit's offer, vertical control point after controlling stake cloth good, will lay
The coordinate of polygon control survey point, the measurement of higher degree out, through check errorless after be formed for complete directly instructing measurement construction
Coordinate, vertical control network system, and form writing record.
2nd, the survey at control point sets：
1. project management department checks to measurement control point first, and the bench mark providing further according to design department carries out construction and uses
The encryption of temporary bench mark.The setting distance of temporary bench mark is not added some points as principle with surveying height, and typically every 200～300m sets one
Point.Temporary bench mark must be arranged at outside range and check interim water with design bench mark translocation closure, temporary bench mark
Whether more stable and stronger on schedule, construction period checked to it every three months.
2. every three months repetition measurement is once in work progress for scene, the horizontal control point using and vertical control point.
（m）The measurement of desilting basal plane is checked and accepted：
According to live practical situation, and combine live diver 9 sampling and the measurement result of gamma-radiation Density Measuring Instrument,
The relevant regulation enforcement issued by Ministry of Communications of big desilting depth≤10m；Maximum desilting depth >=10m is carried out as claimed below
Measurement is checked and accepted：
1st, using bamboo pole sampling as acceptance basis, bamboo pole is progressively goed deep into the bottom to bosom, bamboo pole was moving downward
Drift 11 is had to enter in journey；
2nd, the bamboo pole of sampling is opened at scene, if immobilising drift 11 is less than 300mm, is considered as acceptance(check)；Otherwise
Detection is encrypted to this sample position, underproof position carries out secondary desilting up to acceptance(check)；
3rd, field investigation and sampling is carried out by every mono- section of 10m, 3 points of each section, and position is located at wharf apron line, with harbour
On the basis of frontal line, 10m is surveyed in sea, and bank side 15m on the basis of the line of wharf apron.
Check and acceptance result is reported supervising engineer, completes this acceptance of work.
The quality assurance measure of this construction is as follows：
1st, before the construction of every procedure, workmen carries out skill according to construction drawing and arrangement and method for construction to relevant construction group
Art, quality, written tell somebody what one's real intentions are, content of telling somebody what one's real intentions are includes：Operational approach, key points for operation and quality standard etc..Data of telling somebody what one's real intentions are must in detail,
Intuitively, meet job specfication and technique detailed rules and regulations to require, and through the second people check confirmation errorless after, can be delivered for use.Tell somebody what one's real intentions are money
Material should properly preserve for future reference.
2nd, strict implement Self-evaluation System, testing staff detects to finished jobs face in time, it is to avoid duplicate construction
Phenomenon.
3rd, construction complete and through self-inspection qualified after can be to supervising engineer and the inspection declaration of relevant higher level department, handing-over.
4th, measurement protocol, data, calculating, chart truly completely must must not be altered, and keep properly.Measuring instrument
Device is specified by metrological service, periodically carries out measurement verification, and carries out operational maintenance work it is ensured that in good condition.
5th, conscientiously carry out measurement and check system, field operation survey data has to pass through the second people and checks, interior industry measurement becomes
Fruit must two people independently calculates, and mutually proofreads it is ensured that the accuracy of Measurement results.
6th, it is to guarantee that construction quality is in slave mode all the time, using ISO9002 quality standard, constantly improve construction quality
Check and system of check and acceptance.
The safety measure of this construction is as follows：
1st, project management department sets up construction safety leading group, and project manager appoints group leader, divides leading organ, clearly personal duty
Duty, perfects safeguard system.
2nd, the generation of mechanical breakdown and mechanical wounding.Commander obeyed by haulage vehicle, and signal is complete, must not exceed the speed limit, and crosses and branches off
Slow down when mouth, chance barrier and blow a whistle, brake is complete, and function is good.
3rd, construction site will arrange traffic red light, traffic indication board and sole duty and dredge personnel, to dredge pedestrian and vehicle.
Construction road junction arranges obvious placard, and sets special messenger guard, relieves traffic congestion.
4th, the full-time security official of job site setting, often carries out safety education to workmen, improves safety consciousness, weekly
Open once safety regular meeting.
5th, establish and improve various legislative control on safety systems, production safety management is carried out with economic means, prevent industrial injury thing
Therefore occur.Production safety management had both relied on the conscious activity of operator, more rely on strict and impartial system of awards and penalties, violator is carried out
Economic penalties, to the well-done enthusiasm rewarded, excite workmen's participation safety activities of keeping the safety in production.
6th, job site should be implemented machine security management and be installed system of check and acceptance, and mechanical erection will be according to the safe skill of regulation
Art standard is detected, all operations personnel will take appointment with certificate.Determine machine during use and determine people it is ensured that equipment availability.
The environmental conservation of this construction and civilized construction measure are as follows：
1st, civilized construction and environmental conservation are important symbols of Modern Construction, are that construction enterprises one are basic
Management work, is also the window of corporate image, should embody the objective of civilized construction and environmental conservation.
2nd, set up with the responsible artificial group leader that constructs, the civilized construction of related personnel's participation and environmental conservation leader's group, from pipe
The aspects such as reason tissue, system are set about, and perfect organization and administration work, is civilized construction and environmental conservation lays the foundation.
3rd, education workmen must not arbitrarily topple over and discharge house refuse, the rubbish producing in cleaning work progress in time
Rubbish, strives accomplishing neat and artistic in place, does not affect city look and feel, makes job site form one water conservancy construction, the beautification appearance of the city
Beautiful scenery.
4th, the temporary facility such as reasonable Arrangement sidewalk, temporary facility, water power, stock ground, processing space, mound field, will occupy to neighbouring
The impact of people orthobiosiss is reduced to lowest limit degree, in the hope of the support to project for all round masses, be that engineering is smoothly implemented to carry out
Element task.
5th, scene and water sprinkling path dust-proof working are responsible for by civilized construction squad it is ensured that not airborne dust when road has vehicle to pass through
And the no puddles of water, mud.
6th, rent and meet the haulage vehicle of environmental requirement and sign an agreement therewith：
A. speed is slowed down at the scene that enters, and prevents airborne dust；
B. vehicle carriage covering is tight, prevents flying upward of unrestrained or fine particulate materials；
C. outside-rent vehicle must accept the inspection of environmental administration and unit in charge of construction；
D. forbid vehicle Dai Nishang road.
These are only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the technical characteristic of the present invention is not limited thereto.Any with this
Based on bright, for solving essentially identical technical problem, realize essentially identical technique effect, done ground simple change, etc.
With replacement or modification etc., all it is covered by among protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. air lifting underwater desilting construction：It is characterized in that comprising the steps：
The exploration classification of (a) drift：
Drift in desilting region is surveyed, initially with diver manually dive under water method exploration, to the silt in region
Long-pending thing is classified and is recorded, and recorded content includes：Drift amount, species of depositing, drift particle size range, deposited
Thing surveys log；Then the instrument and equipment of gamma-radiation Density Measuring Instrument and correlation is carried on exploration vessel, by related equipment
It is connected with gamma-radiation density；After the completion of connection, go deep in water, pointwise measures downwards, the maximum desilting depth of exploration, water-bed each
The pressure of point simultaneously records；
B () desilting system designs：
Determine desilting equipment first, include：Shipwreck, collection slag ship, air lifting desilting supervisor, compressed air conveying pipeline, pressure
Contracting air control distributing valve, compressed air reservoir, air compressor machine, diving supply air compressor machine, Multi-stage high-pressure water pump, giant,
Compressed air mixed flow case, crane gear；Survey log then in conjunction with drift, determine model, the bore of desilting equipment, and set
Meter desilting equipment installation drawing, obtains preliminary desilting system；
C () desilting system is processed：
Organizational project management, related director discuss processing for preliminary desilting system, and impropriety is adjusted
To perfect desilting system；
(d) preparation of construction：
Workmen is familiar with drawing and construction requirement；Related director is according to the workmen in Design of Construction Organization, construction machine
Tool equipment and material carry out tissue and dispatch；Tissue desilting equipment maintenance, maintenance, rent, with work, are that engineering is smoothly implemented to do
Good sufficient material prepares；Construction equipment is transported on shipwreck and operation platform is built on shipwreck；Reconnoitred according to drift
Log, carries out repacking arrangement to collection slag ship, accomplishes that collecting slag ship structure meets storage and the requirement of transport drift；
E () desilting supervisor install：
According to engineering design requirements, select suitable desilting supervisor, desilting supervisor upper end is floss hole, and lower end is silt dredging mouth；Clearly
The length being responsible for of becoming silted up determines according to maximum operating water depth and floss hole position, and the maximum particle diameter according to drift for the bore is responsible in desilting
Determine；Then perforate operation is carried out to desilting supervisor's tube wall, this hole is steam vent, position of opening is located at the silt dredging mouth of desilting supervisor
End, depending on the bore that steam vent aperture and quantity are responsible for according to desilting and the discharge capacity of air compressor machine, steam vent is uniform along tube wall surrounding
Arrangement；After tube wall perforate terminates, mixed flow case is welded to the outside of supervisor's osseotomy site, therefore mixed flow by fixedly connected part
Form mixed flow room between case and tube wall；The interface of respective numbers, interface, simultaneously according to engineering design requirements, are arranged on mixed flow case
For connecting supply air line, deposit on operation platform after installation；
F () air supply system assembles：
Air supply system includes：Compressed air conveying pipeline, compressed air control distributing valve, compressed air reservoir and pneumatics
Machine, air supply system is deposited on operation platform；Compressed air is generated using air compressor machine, the capacity of air compressor machine is according to desilting master
Depending on the bore of pipe, depending on the supply gas pressure of air compressor machine is according to the depth of water：Bore is responsible in the desilting of 200～250mm, supporting pneumatics
The capacity of machine is in 6～10M3/min；Bore 250～300mm desilting be responsible for the capacity of supporting air compressor machine 12～
20M3/min；Bore is responsible for the capacity of supporting air compressor machine in 60～100M in the desilting of 300～500mm3/min；Air compressor machine
Supply gas pressure is in 0.7～1.5Mpa；
The compressed air delivery pipe of air compressor machine connects compressed air reservoir, equally connects at compressed air reservoir upper outlet
Compressed air conveying pipeline, this air delivery pipe is supply air line, and installs distributing valve, distributing valve control on this supply air line
The amount of entering of compressed air processed；The end of this supply air line is connected to the seam of mixed flow case, the quantity of supply air line and mixed flow
The interface quantity of case is consistent；After the completion of connection, first by shipwreck, air supply system is transported to desilting position with desilting supervisor, then according to
By crane gear by desilting main frame tube to water-bed, silt dredging mouth down be aligned drift, floss hole be aligned collection slag ship simultaneously keeps；
G () diving apparatus assembles：
Diving apparatus includes diving supply air compressor machine and breather, and diving supply air compressor machine is installed on operation platform, and checks
It is firm whether installation installs, and breather is communicated with supply air compressor machine, and breather is that diver provides air；
H () high pressure water system is arranged：
High pressure water system includes giant and Multi-stage high-pressure water pump, and Multi-stage high-pressure water pump is installed on operation platform, and leans on
Nearly diving supply air compressor machine, then checks whether that installation is firm；Giant is connected on Multi-stage high-pressure water pump；
(i) desilting system trial operation：
First turn on air compressor machine and generate compressed air, in compressed-air-storing to compressed air storage tank, Divers are worn simultaneously
Upper diving dress, diving dress connects breather and erects giant, and diver enters the bottom and to desilting position and opens diving confession
Gas air compressor machine；It is then turned on controlling distributing valve, desilting supervisor starts to extract drift, and diver, according to actual desilting situation, shows
Meaning workmen opens high-pressure hydraulic pump, using giant, drift is rushed under water and disturbs, and disturbs situation according to actual punching reasonable
Position, auxiliary desilting work are disturbed in adjustment punching；Adjust distributing valve every 5min between trial run period, change air demand, diver will be real
Border desilting situation feeds back to workmen, and workmen checks the working condition of each equipment simultaneously；Workmen between trial run period
Record all processes, if each equipment operation condition is good between trial run period, desilting is stable, then carry out next process, otherwise examine
Interrogate topic to be located and solve, after solution, next process can be carried out；
(j) drift pump drainage：
First turn on air compressor machine and generate compressed air, in compressed-air-storing to compressed air storage tank, Divers are worn simultaneously
Upper diving dress, diving dress connects breather and erects giant, and diver enters the bottom and to desilting position and opens diving confession
Gas air compressor machine；It is then turned on controlling distributing valve, distributes valve regulation extremely optimal position, now compressed air is entered through supply air line
Enter mixed flow room；Compressed air enters through steam vent in desilting supervisor after mixed flow interior extruding, because compressed air pressure is more than
Atmospheric pressure, the compressed air in desilting supervisor is gradually increasing；In uphill process, in desilting supervisor, form negative pressure, desilting system bottom
The drift in portion enters silt dredging mouth with current and is gradually promoted to floss hole, finally reaches in collection slag ship, simultaneously according to diver
Feedack, is responsible for position by crane gear Reasonable adjustment desilting；Diver, according to actual desilting situation, illustrates constructor
Member opens high-pressure hydraulic pump, using giant, drift is rushed under water and disturbs, and disturbs the punching of situation Reasonable adjustment according to actual punching and disturbs
Position, auxiliary desilting work；During desilting, if there is blocking, the method for reopening of holding one's breath is taken to eliminate blocking；Clear in region
After the completion of silt, close each equipment, by crane gear and shipwreck, desilting system is moved to non-desilting region, then repeat above-mentioned clear
Silt process is until complete the desilting work in works scope；
(k) sludge treatment：
In desilting work process, the drift on collection slag ship gradually increases, when the weight of drift reaches the specified of collection slag ship
When bearing weight, stop dredging operation first, then collection slag shipping is delivered to the sludge treatment point specified being toppled over, then return
Work on at desilting；So move in circles until the desilting completing in works scope works；
L () measurement controls：
1. set up SURVEYING CONTROL NETWORK：Considered according to design road general layout and job site geogen, rationally
Lay measurement and control stake；Again according to the coordinate of construction unit's offer, vertical control point, the wire control that will lay after controlling stake cloth good
The coordinate of system point, the measurement of higher degree out, through check errorless after be formed for the complete coordinate that can directly instruct measurement construction, elevation
Control net system, and form writing record；
2. control point is surveyed and is set：Project management department checks to measurement control point first, clicks through further according to the level that design department provides
The encryption of row construction temporary bench mark, temporary bench mark is arranged at outside range and checks that whether firm temporary bench mark is steady
Fixed, construction period checked to it every three months；Scene, the horizontal control point using and vertical control point are in work progress
Middle every three months repetition measurement is once；
M the measurement of () desilting basal plane is checked and accepted：
Using the examination mode of bamboo pole sampling, first bamboo pole is deep to the bottom, bamboo pole bottom has drift to enter, and then scene is beaten
Open this bamboo pole, if immobilising drift is less than 300mm, be considered as acceptance(check)；Otherwise this sample position is encrypted
Detection, underproof position carries out secondary desilting up to acceptance(check)；Field investigation and sampling is carried out by every mono- section of 10m, and each breaks
3, face point；And check and acceptance result is reported supervising engineer, complete this acceptance of work.
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| CN104018459B (en) * | 2014-06-05 | 2017-07-28 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | A kind of dredging method of coal mine underground reservoir |
| CN105155606B (en) * | 2014-09-18 | 2017-06-16 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of harbour aeration type dredging method |
| US9714073B2 (en) | 2015-10-26 | 2017-07-25 | Ali Salman ALSHAFAI | Underwater propulsion belt |
| CN207129126U (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2018-03-23 | 广船国际有限公司 | The narrow and small cabin welding ventilation unit of ship |
| CN109184730A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2019-01-11 | 中铁二局集团有限公司 | A kind of construction method quickly cleaning double-shielded TBM shield tail silt |
| CN110552395B (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2021-12-21 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Deep water sediment rapid removal system and method based on pneumatic sediment removal |
| CN111442905B (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2022-03-29 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Simulation system for air overflow and sand discharge |
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| JPS56159436A (en) * | 1980-05-13 | 1981-12-08 | Shigeo Takamura | Dredging method using clamshell type water injection pressure air mixing pump |
| JPS56159437A (en) * | 1980-05-13 | 1981-12-08 | Shigeo Takamura | Dredging method using hydraulic power shovel water injection pressure air mixing pump |
| US4647272A (en) * | 1980-11-20 | 1987-03-03 | Aluminum Company Of America | Method and lift pump for raising liquids |
| US7690135B2 (en) * | 2007-09-23 | 2010-04-06 | Technip France | Deep sea mining riser and lift system |
| CN103114620B (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2015-02-11 | 江苏华西村海洋工程服务有限公司 | High-power submersed front-and-back-flow-jetting air-lift submarine pipeline ditching machine and ditching technology |
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