CN103801038A - 一种高湿环境中使用的滤毒方法 - Google Patents

一种高湿环境中使用的滤毒方法 Download PDF

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CN103801038A
CN103801038A CN201310492754.9A CN201310492754A CN103801038A CN 103801038 A CN103801038 A CN 103801038A CN 201310492754 A CN201310492754 A CN 201310492754A CN 103801038 A CN103801038 A CN 103801038A
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humidity environment
filtering
poison
air
silica gel
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CN103801038B (zh
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张昌运
马卫胜
于金宁
王晨
张茂东
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Qingdao Safety Engineering Institute
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Sinopec Qingdao Safety Engineering Institute
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种高湿环境中使用的滤毒方法，主要解决现有技术中滤料失效较快的问题。本发明通过采用一种高湿环境中使用的滤方法，在空气湿度大于60%条件下，含石油挥发烃有机物的空气物流与滤毒盒内的滤料接触后，得到除去石油挥发烃有机物的空气物流，其中采用的滤料为疏水的硅胶材料的技术方案较好地解决了上述问题，可用于高湿含石油挥发烃有机物的空气物流环境中的滤毒。

Description

一种高湿环境中使用的滤毒方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高湿环境中使用的滤毒方法。 
技术背景
滤毒盒是一种重要的个人防护用品，是在有毒作业场所特别是毒物浓度超标的场所中作业时，进行个人防护或应急防护的重要手段，是职工健康的最后一道防线。滤毒盒内滤料是否失效，关乎职工的健康甚至生命安全。 
滤毒盒内滤料是否有效，是否有吸附作用，是呼吸防护用品能否有防护作用的关键，滤料吸附时间的长短决定着呼吸防护用品的使用时间。 
现在使用的有机气体的滤毒盒多是活性炭材料，CN92101515中提供了一种活性炭陶粒复合滤料及制造方法，在陶土中加入软木、硬木粉或骨粉，放在密闭的容器中焙烧再增加其孔隙后制成的活性炭滤料。活性炭对有机气体有着良好的吸附作用，适用于多种低湿工作环境，但在高湿釜、罐中，或高湿天气中，活性炭很快吸附大量水蒸汽，迅速达到饱和状态，丧失对有机气体的吸附能力。如果作业人员佩戴普通滤毒盒在高湿环境中作业，普通滤毒盒会很快失效，对作业人员的健康造成威胁。如果及时更换普通滤毒盒，会更换得十分频繁，给企业带来较高的成本。 
刘俊霞公布了一种疏水硅胶的制备及其在油气回收中的应用（大连理工大学硕士论文，2012年），以硅酸钠为硅源，采用溶胶-凝胶法制备疏水硅胶，这是是一种原料廉价易得，制备过程简单的方法。 
市售的硅胶有较大的比表面积，孔径大约在8～10nm，对油气有着较大的吸附量。虽然与活性炭和活性炭纤维相比，硅胶不具有可燃性，但其表面含有约5%的羟基，极易与水分子结合，当吸附过量的水分子后，硅胶同样也会失效。因此，需要开发专用的疏水硅胶吸附剂。 
现有滤毒盒均有高湿环境中滤料失效过快的问题，本发明有针对性的解决了该问题。 
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是现有技术中滤料失效较快的问题，提供一种新的高湿环境中使用的滤毒方法。该方法用于高湿环境中，具有滤料失效较慢的优点。 
为解决上述问题，本发明采用的技术方案如下：一种高湿环境中使用的滤毒方法，在空气湿度大于60%条件下，含石油挥发烃有机物的空气物流与滤毒盒内的滤料接触后，得到除去石油挥发烃有机物的空气物流，其中采用的滤料为疏水的硅胶材料。 
上述技术方案中，优选地，空气湿度大于60%至90%。 
本发明所述的疏水硅胶采用疏水的A型硅胶材料，分子式为mSiO2.nH2O，经过正已烷/无水乙醇处理达到良好的疏水性能。 
本专利通过采用疏水的硅胶材料的滤料，该滤料具有疏水性，但同时对有机气体有吸附作用。与现有滤毒盒相比，本专利的滤毒盒能延长在高湿环境下使用时间3～4倍，取得了较好的技术效果。 
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步的阐述，但不仅限于本实施例。 
具体实施方式
【实施例1】 
在空气湿度为60%的条件下，含苯的空气物流与滤毒盒内的滤料接触后，得到除去苯物的空气物流，滤料采用疏水的A型硅胶材料，分子式为mSiO2.nH2O，经过正已烷/无水乙醇处理达到良好的疏水性能。在此条件下，测试苯浓度为5mg/L，防护时间为67min，符合GB2890-2009的要求。 
【实施例2】 
在空气湿度为90%的条件下，含苯的空气物流与滤毒盒内的滤料接触后，得到除去甲苯物的空气物流，滤料采用疏水的A型硅胶材料，分子式为mSiO2.nH2O，经过正已烷/无水乙醇处理达到良好的疏水性能。在此条件下，测试苯浓度为5mg/L，防护时间为51min，符合GB2890-2009的要求。 
【实施例3】 
在空气湿度为70%的条件下，含丁烯的空气物流与滤毒盒内的滤料接触后，得到除去甲苯物的空气物流，滤料采用疏水的A型硅胶材料，分子式为mSiO2.nH2O，经过正已 烷/无水乙醇处理达到良好的疏水性能。在此条件下，测试苯浓度为5mg/L，防护时间为59min，符合GB2890-2009的要求。 
【比较例1】 
按照实施例1所述的条件，滤料采用活性炭，测试苯浓度为5mg/L，防护时间为16min,不符合GB2890-2009的要求。 

Claims (2)

1.一种高湿环境中使用的滤毒方法，在空气湿度大于60%条件下，含石油挥发烃有机物的空气物流与滤毒盒内的滤料接触后，得到除去石油挥发烃有机物的空气物流，其中采用的滤料为疏水的硅胶材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高湿环境中使用的滤毒方法，其特征在于空气湿度大于60%至90%。
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Cited By (1)

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CN110874684A (zh) * 2018-09-03 2020-03-10 中国石油化工股份有限公司 用于个体苯防护滤毒盒有效性评估方法

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CN101385892A (zh) * 2008-10-08 2009-03-18 陈东 带有胶囊的鼻塞
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CN101827634A (zh) * 2007-10-15 2010-09-08 大幸药品株式会社 便携式吸气杀菌装置
CN101385892A (zh) * 2008-10-08 2009-03-18 陈东 带有胶囊的鼻塞
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110874684A (zh) * 2018-09-03 2020-03-10 中国石油化工股份有限公司 用于个体苯防护滤毒盒有效性评估方法
CN110874684B (zh) * 2018-09-03 2022-09-06 中国石油化工股份有限公司 用于个体苯防护滤毒盒有效性评估方法

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