CN103795494A - ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast) multi-channel receiving decoding processing method - Google Patents
ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast) multi-channel receiving decoding processing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast) signal multi-channel receiving decoding processing method. Normalization and quantization of the signal level are carried out; a related method is used to independently detect an ADS-B signal header, and a DF decision is made; and according to features of a pulse position modulation (PPM), message data are extracted and a confidence coefficient is judged. According to a statistics quantity of a low confidence coefficient bit of an extracted message of each channel and based on a magnitude of a correlation value obtained when the related method is used to independently detect the header, a channel priority is arranged; a conservative technology and an advanced technology are combined to detect and correct errors in the extracted message data according to a priority order. For a message which fails to pass detection, a message which is extracted in a highest priority channel serves as a target message; information of other channels is used as a supplement; detection and correction of errors are carried out; and finally a correct decoded message is outputted to a host computer. By the simultaneous processing of ADS-B broadcast signals received by multiple channels, the method solving the contradiction between the receiving distance and the coverage is provided; the decoding capability of the weak information and interference signal is improved; and the broader coverage and more continuous surveillance for the air traffic control is provided.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to civil aviaton's automatic dependent surveillance signal receiving and decoding technical field, be specially a kind of ADS-B multichannel receipt decoding processing method.
Two, background technology
Traffic control field aloft, aircraft safety, effectively and in a planned way flight aloft, be the target that control system is pursued.The continuous prosperity of aircraft industry makes the requirement of air traffic control more and more higher, and secondary surveillance radar because of the limitation of himself, has limited the further raising of air traffic control level as topmost part in control system.
Automatic dependent surveillance broadcast system (Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast, be called for short ADS-B) independently outwards broadcasted self the information such as position, speed, identification code by airborne transmitting equipment, the aircraft that ADS-B is installed can be realized the mutual supervision on air route, monitored by ground station in terminal area, monitor that at secondary radar the traffic pattern of blind area is monitored by control tower.ADS-B is as a kind of new supervision means, overcome traditional radar such as: data updating rate low, exist and monitor blind area and cannot obtain the problems such as aerial situation, have that precision is high, turnover rate is high, applied range and ground installation build the advantages such as maintenance cost is low.
In view of airborne ADS-B equipment adopts broadcast mechanism, ADS-B grounded receiving station must need to carry out omnidirectional's reception.But along with the continuous increase of signal density, omnidirectional antenna can face the overlapping situation of increasing signal, conventional method cannot be correctly decoded overlap signal, because ADS-B signal has the irretrievable characteristic of loss, by causing, discontinuous situation is appearred in the supervision of aircraft.Directional antenna has space filtering function, can effectively reduce the overlapping probability of signal, but its overlay area is less, cannot meet the needs that omnidirectional monitors.Also have another one problem, with respect to directional antenna, omnidirectional antenna EFFECTIVE RANGE is shorter simultaneously, and directional antenna exists with respect to omnidirectional antenna the problem that coverage is little.Utilize multiple directional antennas to be combined into an omnidirectional antenna receipt decoding and will be conducive to solve this two contradictions.Multichannel receipt decoding is not the simple concatenation of multiple autonomous channels, and wherein a lot of technical problems and single channel receipt decoding have a great difference.Critical problems such as the detection of preamble in ADS-B multichannel receipt decoding, dynamic priority judgement, associating error correction, channel information complementations is provided processing method by the present invention.
Three, summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of multichannel receipt decoding processing method for the ADS-B downstream signal based on S pattern, to realize, the website that utilizes multiple directional antennas to carry out receipt decoding is realized farther operating distance and omnidirectional covers.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
(1) ADS-B broadcast singal passes through multiple independently directional antennas and microwave front end, then carries out analog-to-digital conversion, then passes through successively variable-frequency filtering, amplitude and phase correction, asks mould, asks logarithm process, then enters multichannel combined decoding process;
(2) first described multichannel combined decoding process carries out independently header judgement to multiple passages.Utilize thresholding to do normalizing to signal level and quantize (exceeding thresholding is 1, is 0 lower than thresholding), adopt correlation method to judge that header exists and realizes and extracting synchronously.So can avoid relevant peaks that directly related method brings to rise and fall excessive and be not easy to set that thresholding and single hard pulse occur peak value after relevant and the false-alarm come.After extracting header, 5 Bit datas do DF judgement, within the message duration, do data extraction, and suppress detection of preamble if be judged to be ADS-B message; If DF judges unsuccessfully, again detect header.The successful passage of detection of preamble is marked, and cancel mark in the time again detecting header, record while successfully detecting header simultaneously, with the degree of correlation of standard header.
(2) successfully carry out, after detection of preamble and DF judgement, carrying out message data extraction and confidence level and judging.According to data transfer rate, the signal of each passage is carried out to data extraction and confidence level judges take a bit as unit, draw data value and the high low confidence mark value of each passage, until whole piece message data has extracted, record the number of whole piece message low confidence bit.
(3) according to the successful time sequencing of detection of preamble selector channel, the ADS-B data of extracting are carried out to verification and error correction.If plural passage detects header simultaneously, and DF judges successfully, determines passage priority (low confidence number of bits is fewer, and priority is higher) according to the number of low confidence bit in message.First the ADS-B message of the high channel of priority is made to CRC check, if verification succeeds outputs to host computer; If verification failure, enters associating error correction process.
(4), in associating error correction process, first judge whether this message can guard error correction; Make conservative correction process if can guard error correction; If can not guard error correction, can judgement carry out powerful error correction, if can carry out powerful error correction, the message after error correction passed to host computer decoding record and shown; If can not carry out unsuccessful this message that abandons this passage of powerful error correction or error correction, the message of next priority is carried out to verification and correction process, be disposed until successfully carry out the message that the passage of detection of preamble and DF judgement extracts.As long as the message that some passages extract successfully passes through CRC check, finish associating error correction process, wait for next message is processed; If all passages all can not rely on the message data self extracting to be correctly decoded, admission passage message complementary sense process.
(5) in the complementary process of channel information, first the message priority high channel being extracted is as object message, finding other passages for its low confidence bit extracts the data that message correspondence positions are judged as high confidence level bit and replaces, if it is high that next priority channel is extracted bit confidence coefficient corresponding to message, replaced low confidence bit corresponding in object message; If corresponding bit confidence coefficient is also low, finding in next priority channel message again.Until the information that the low confidence bit in object message is all obtained by other passages is to greatest extent supplementary, and then the object message after supplementing is carried out to CRC check and associating correction process.If CRC check success, exports to host computer after error correction; If fail all the time by CRC check, abandon this message, wait for the arrival of next message.
The present invention utilizes multiple directional antennas to receive ADS-B signal, ask logarithm normalizing to quantize to signal level after, adopt correlation method to detect header and make DF and judge, the feature extraction message data of modulating according to ADS-B signal also judges confidence level, add up the number of each passage extraction message low confidence to determine passage priority, adopt the mode message data that according to priority height extracts each passage successively that conservative error correction and powerful error correction combine to carry out error correction and verification, the message that the message of all failing by verification is extracted using highest priority channel is as object message, utilize the information of other passage as a supplement, reattempt error correction and verification, the message that finally output is correctly decoded.
The present invention efficiently solves the contradiction between operating distance and the coverage that receiving station receives ADS-B signal, utilize interchannel message complementary sense simultaneously, improve small and weak signal and be disturbed the decoding capability of signal, more extensively having covered and more continuous monitor message for air traffic control provides.
Note: low confidence number is 0 not represent that message receives total correctness must just be exported to host computer after CRC checking.
Four, accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is triple channel receipt decoding overview flow chart of the present invention
Fig. 2 is header coherence check schematic diagram of the present invention
Fig. 3 is triple channel detection of preamble of the present invention and DF overhaul flow chart
Fig. 4 is that triple channel priority of the present invention is determined flow chart
Fig. 5 is associating error correction flow chart of the present invention
Fig. 6 is the complementary schematic diagram of channel information of the present invention
Five, specific implementation method
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below by as an example of triple channel receipt decoding example in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme of the present invention is known intactly and to be described.Owing to being concrete to the elaboration of embodiment, can not contain all embodiment of the present invention, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skills obtain under the prerequisite of not making innovative labor, belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is triple channel receipt decoding overview flow chart of the present invention.ADS-B signal, after three directional antennas are by three road microwave front ends and analog-to-digital conversion, accesses processor (FPGA); Processor carries out Digital Down Convert, filtering, extracts, asks mould, asks after a series of links such as logarithm signal, obtains the signal level value that data transfer rate is 20MHz; Determine quantization threshold according to noise floor and signal level, by higher than thresholding be quantified as 1, lower than thresholding be quantified as 0, then adopt correlation method detect header; Then extract the first five bit, if DF=17,18 or 19 is judged to be ADS-B message, continue subsequent treatment, otherwise end process continues to detect header; After DF judges successfully, to the quantized value of three passages, take a bit as unit, (20 values) carries out data value extraction and confidence level judgement to the message of each passage respectively; Three passages of statistics number of low confidence bit separately after completing, according to how many prioritized of number; According to priority each passage is carried out to CRC check, fail by verification, make associating correction process; If three circuit-switched data all fail to obtain correct message through associating error correction,, using the message of limit priority as object message, utilize the information of other passage as a supplement, carry out just message complementary sense of interchannel; After completing complementation, carry out again correction process, by outputing to host computer after CRC check.
Fig. 2 is for adopting correlation method to detect ADS-B header principle figure.Each passage independent detection, adopts the mode of sliding window, and the width of the window of each moment processing is 162, is divided into three groups: 0～159,1～160 and 2～161.Carry out relevantly to ideal sequence respectively, obtain three correlations, judge that two conditions appear needing in header:
A. current correlation has exceeded certain thresholding;
B. current correlation is more than or equal to previous correlation and is greater than a rear correlation;
The current sample sequence of first condition stub and ideal sequence have good correlation; Second current correlation of condition stub reached a peak value, is the time arriving than more identical header of a previous and rear moment, for follow-up accurate decoding is laid a solid foundation.Because the degree of correlation is the centrifugal pump of from 0 to 160, may occur exceeding thresholding and exist the situation of multiple peak values, adopt " >=" and " > " to combine, guarantee that detection of preamble is accurately unique.
As shown in Figure 3, three passages, any one passage successfully detects header and enters subsequent processes.The passage that successfully detects header is stamped to detection of preamble success mark, and the data of extracting the first five bit do DF judgement, if value is 17,18 or 19, stamps DF and judge successful mark; Otherwise cancellation mark is waited for the arrival of next ADS-B message.
After DF judges successfully, enter message data extraction and confidence level and judge process, because the data transfer rate of ADS-B downlink is 1Mbps, the present embodiment adopts 20MHz data transfer rate, and each information bit will have 20 values (1 or 0).These 20 sampled values are divided into two groups, and first 10 and latter 10 are respectively one group, corresponding previous chip and a rear chip respectively; If 1 number is more than or equal to 6 in one group of sampled value, the value of judging its corresponding chip is 1, otherwise is 0; May there are 4 kinds of situations in the value of former and later two chip of information bit so, as shown in table 1 to the decision criteria of these four kinds of situations, until this message data is all extracted complete.
| Front chip | Rear chip | Numerical value | | Confidence level | |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Low | |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | High | |
| 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | High | |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Low |
Table 1
As shown in Figure 4, after triple channel information being completed to message data extraction and confidence level judgement, the low confidence bit number of each passage is added up, low confidence bit number is fewer, and its priority is higher; If there are two low confidence number of bits with upper channel the same, carry out secondary selection according to the previous header degree of correlation, the degree of correlation is larger, and priority is higher; If also fail to determine priority, be ranked by default sequence.
As shown in Figure 5, be ranked after passage priority, calculate the span of the low confidence bit of highest priority channel message, if be less than or equal to 24 (are that CRC24 carries out redundancy check because of the employing of ADS-B downlink), adopt conservative technology carry out error correction and carry out CRC check, if verification succeeds sends to host computer; If can not adopt conservative technology error correction, judge that the upper limit whether number of low confidence bit can bear lower than powerful error correction (extracts in order to guarantee detection and data that error correction process can not affect header, must make error correction process limit within a certain period of time), if can carry out powerful error correction, the position traversal negate of low confidence in message (if error correction figure place is 10, is had to 2
10plant possibility, may carry out negate according to each), make CRC check, if once negate is passed through, show powerful error correction success, the message after error correction is sent to host computer, if neither can make identical correction process to next priority channel by CRC check after completing traversal negate.
As shown in Figure 6, if associating error correction process fails to export correct message, admission passage message complementary sense process.Suppose that three passages detect ADS-B signal header simultaneously, and DF judges successfully, the priority of three passages is respectively passage one from high to low, passage two, passage three, the message passage one being extracted is as object message, its low confidence bit (using L mark in figure) is replaced with the high confidence level bit that passage two extracts message correspondence position, if passage two correspondence positions are also low confidence, replace with the high confidence level bit of passage three correspondence positions, if three positions corresponding to passage are all low confidence, low confidence bit corresponding to object message remains unchanged.Complete after the replacement that can do all low confidence bits, then carrying out correction process, if error correction success is sent to host computer by the message of replacing after also error correction, otherwise abandons this message, waiting for the arrival of next message.
Claims (5)
1. an ADS-B multichannel receipt decoding processing method, is characterized in that, comprising: detection of preamble, passage priority is ranked, the complementary process of associating error correction and channel information.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that detection of preamble and D judgement are specially: first signal level is carried out to normalizing quantification, adopt the quantized data that sliding window mode is the 20MHz data transfer rate of 162 to width to do coherent detection, 162 bit data are divided into three 160 long Frames: 0～159,1～160 and 2～161, the ideal sequence long to 160 carried out relevant respectively, obtain three correlations, judge that two conditions appear needing in header:
(1) current correlation has exceeded certain thresholding;
(2) current correlation is more than or equal to previous correlation and is greater than a rear correlation;
The current sample sequence of first condition stub and ideal sequence have good correlation; Second current correlation of condition stub reached a peak value, is the time arriving than more identical header of a previous and rear moment, guarantees the accuracy of detection of preamble; Because the degree of correlation is the centrifugal pump of from 0 to 160, may occur exceeding thresholding and exist the situation of multiple peak values, adopt " >=" and " > " to combine, guarantee that detection of preamble is accurately unique.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that passage priority is ranked is specially: after multi-channel information being completed to message data extracts and confidence level judges, low confidence bit number to each passage is added up, and during according to the number of low confidence number of bits and header coherent detection, the size of the degree of correlation is combined the passage priority that is ranked.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that powerful error correction specific implementation process is: message and the confidence information thereof that can not guard error correction are carried out powerful error correction condition judgment, if can carry out powerful error correction, to the negate of low confidence bit traversal, each negate is done to CRC check, represent error correction success by verification.
5. method according to claim 1, the mode that it is characterized in that channel information complementation is specially: the message that priority high channel is extracted is as object message, finding other passages for its low confidence bit extracts the data that message correspondence positions are judged as high confidence level bit and replaces, if it is high that next priority channel is extracted bit confidence coefficient corresponding to message, replaced low confidence bit corresponding in object message; If corresponding bit confidence coefficient is also low, finding in next priority channel message again, until the information that the low confidence bit in object message is all obtained by other passages is to greatest extent supplementary, and then the object message after supplementing is carried out to CRC check and associating correction process.
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| CN110417491A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-11-05 | 四川九洲电器集团有限责任公司 | A kind of ADS-B multi channel signals generation method, simulator and computer storage medium, electronic equipment |
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| CN105629212A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-06-01 | 四川九洲空管科技有限责任公司 | Method of realizing ADS-B IN by multiple beams |
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| CN107817464A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-03-20 | 王晨 | A kind of anti-interference anti-deception ADS B receivers and its method of reseptance based on directional aerial |
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| CN109902519A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-06-18 | 苏州国芯科技股份有限公司 | A kind of magnetic stripe coding/decoding method, system and relevant apparatus |
| CN109902519B (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2023-01-17 | 苏州国芯科技股份有限公司 | Magnetic stripe decoding method, system and related device |
| CN110417491A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-11-05 | 四川九洲电器集团有限责任公司 | A kind of ADS-B multi channel signals generation method, simulator and computer storage medium, electronic equipment |
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| CN111200466A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-05-26 | 北京航空航天大学杭州创新研究院 | Confidence threshold optimization method for digital signal demodulation |
| CN111147411B (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2022-06-28 | 北京航空航天大学杭州创新研究院 | Dynamic threshold acquisition method for judging confidence coefficient of ADS-B signal demodulation result |
| CN114074574A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2022-02-22 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | Current acquisition method and device for vehicle, control equipment and automobile |
| CN114074574B (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2024-03-15 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | Vehicle current acquisition method and device, control equipment and automobile |
| CN111988115A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-24 | 四川九洲空管科技有限责任公司 | ADS-B distributed processing system based on parallel computing on general platform |
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