CN103793573B - A kind of method for designing of the fractal ultra-high frequency antenna of Hilbert - Google Patents
A kind of method for designing of the fractal ultra-high frequency antenna of Hilbert Download PDFInfo
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- CN103793573B CN103793573B CN201410054521.5A CN201410054521A CN103793573B CN 103793573 B CN103793573 B CN 103793573B CN 201410054521 A CN201410054521 A CN 201410054521A CN 103793573 B CN103793573 B CN 103793573B
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
A kind of method for designing of the fractal ultra-high frequency antenna of Hilbert, it is respectively provided with earth plate and the fractal conductor layer of Hilbert in the both sides of medium substrate, by parallel double conducting wire when determining conductor layer inside conductor section each several part size, the length of short circuit termination and additive wire section is classified as parameter, consider conductor width simultaneously, dielectric thickness and dielectric permittivity, set up the resonant frequency of antenna and the accounting equation of standing-wave ratio, and in the usable range of resonant frequency and standing-wave ratio, above-mentioned parameter is carried out simulation optimization, obtain three class conducting line segment length and the optimums of conducting line segment width, Hilbert fractal antenna is made finally according to simulation result.Hilbert fractal antenna is optimized by the present invention by the length changing parallel double conducting wire, short circuit termination and additive wire, substantially improves the antenna collection effect to power equipment local discharge superhigh frequency signal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of quadravalence Hilbert fractal antenna for gathering power equipment local discharge superhigh frequency signal
Design and optimization method, belong to antenna technical field.
Background technology
Along with developing rapidly of power system, the safe and stable operation of power equipment is increasingly subject to people's attention.Closely
Nian Lai, power equipment accident happens occasionally, and shelf depreciation is the general features of accident generation early stage.Therefore, local is utilized to put
The local discharge signal of power equipment is monitored by electricity on-Line Monitor Device in real time, makes plant maintenance personnel understand equipment in time
Ruuning situation, find and get rid of the latent defect of power equipment in time, important to avoiding power equipment accident to have
Meaning.
Hilbert fractal antenna is that local discharge signal conventional in local discharge on-line monitoring device receives element,
Hilbert fractal antenna is the modular design in current all antenna types, is made up of medium substrate, conductor layer and earth plate,
Wherein conductor layer is Hilbert fractal shape.Fig. 1 is one to quadravalence Hilbert fractal shape schematic diagram, and Hilbert is fractal can
To be described as: square to be divided into four little squares of single order, it is sequentially connected with the lower left corner, the upper left corner, the upper right corner, the lower right corner
Square center, obtains a typing unit (i.e. single order Hilbert is fractal)；Little for each single order square is divided into four respectively
The little square of individual second order, repeats said process, and the high-order fractal unit opening direction of generation observes certain rule (lower-left in Fig. 1
Angle, the upper left corner, the upper right corner, the opening direction of the fractal unit of high-order in the lower right corner are followed successively by: left, under, under, right), and according to specific
The typing unit that is linked in sequence opening (in Fig. 1 for be sequentially connected with the lower left corner, the upper left corner, the upper right corner, the lower right corner high-order fractal
Unit opening), the most just obtain one and can fill up whole foursquare curve, here it is Hibert curve.Hilbert is fractal
In the high-order fractal curve that the conductor layer of antenna is constituted, two paired limits are that (the fine line a) in Fig. 2 connects parallel double conducting wire
The limit connecing parallel double conducting wire is that (the heavy line b) in Fig. 2, the limit that typing unit is connected as complete curve is additional to short circuit termination
Conducting line segment (the thick dashed line c) in Fig. 2.
Fractal Hilbert antenna ratio dipole antenna is more suitable for multiband or broadband application occasion；If on the other hand
Resonant frequency to be maintained like, Hilbert fractal antenna length is about the 1/7 of same dipole antenna, therefore takes up room very
Little.
It is presently used for the Hilbert fractal antenna gathering power equipment local discharge superhigh frequency signal main by exponent number classification
Having two kinds, one is three rank Hilbert fractal antennas, and two is quadravalence Hilbert fractal antenna.But existing Hilbert is fractal
All there is obvious design defect in antenna: parallel double conducting wire, short circuit termination and the additive wire of Hilbert fractal antenna conducting line segment
Length be all equal, ignore different types of conducting line segment on produced by signal impact difference, therefore can not obtain
Preferably collection effect.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aims to the drawback of prior art, it is provided that setting of the fractal ultra-high frequency antenna of a kind of Hilbert
Meter method, to improve the Hilbert fractal antenna collection effect to power equipment local discharge superhigh frequency signal.
Problem of the present invention realizes with following technical proposals:
The method for designing of the fractal ultra-high frequency antenna of a kind of Hilbert, described method is respectively provided with in the both sides of medium substrate
Earth plate and the fractal conductor layer of Hilbert, by parallel double conducting wire, short circuit termination when determining conductor layer inside conductor section each several part size
It is classified as parameter with the length of additive wire section, considers conductor width, dielectric thickness and dielectric permittivity simultaneously, set up antenna
Resonant frequency and the accounting equation of standing-wave ratio, and in the usable range of resonant frequency and standing-wave ratio, above-mentioned parameter is carried out excellent
Change, obtain three class conducting line segment length and the optimums of conducting line segment width, make the fractal sky of Hilbert finally according to optimum results
Line.
The method for designing of the fractal ultra-high frequency antenna of above-mentioned Hilbert, the fractal ultra-high frequency antenna of described Hilbert is quadravalence,
Its specific design step is as follows:
A. by traditional definition, the conducting line segment of antenna is divided into 64 pairs of parallel double conducting wires, 64 short circuit terminations and 63 to add
Wire, parallel double conducting wire, short circuit termination, the length of additive wire represent with M, N, A respectively；The width of three class conducting line segments is identical,
Represent with W；
B. antenna resonant frequency f is set uprAccounting equation with standing-wave ratio VSWR:
Wherein, c is the light velocity, c=3 × 108M/s, k ∈ { 0, R+}；ZcFor the intrinsic impedance of free space, Zc=120πΩ；
ω is angular frequency, and ω=2 π f, β are phase constant, and β=2 π λ, P are the logarithm of parallel double conducting wire, P=4n-1=64；S is short circuit termination
All conducting line segment length summations, S=4n-1×N；D is additive wire segment length summation, D=(4n-1-1) × A, n are that Hilbert divides
Shape exponent number, n=4；µ0For permeability of vacuum,0=4 π × 10-7Hm-1, λ is the wavelength receiving electromagnetic wave；Characteristic for feeder line
Impedance；
C. for different W, M, N, A value, calculate antenna resonant frequency f respectivelyrWith standing-wave ratio VSWR, then according to resonance
Frequency frW is determined, the optimum of M, N, A with the usable range of standing-wave ratio VSWR；
D. according to W, the optimum of M, N, A makes Hilbert fractal antenna.
The method for designing of the fractal ultra-high frequency antenna of above-mentioned Hilbert, the material of described medium substrate is glass fibre epoxy
Resin coating copper coin flame resistant material (FR4), thickness is 1.6mm, and the material of described earth plate and conductor layer is copper.
The method for designing of the fractal ultra-high frequency antenna of above-mentioned Hilbert, calculates antenna resonant frequency frDuring with standing-wave ratio VSWR,
The value of each parameter is as follows: W initial value is 1mm, a length of 0.5mm of stepping, and stop value is 3mm；M, N and A initial value is
2mm, a length of 5mm of stepping, stop value is 6mm.
The present invention has taken into full account the difference of impact produced by the docking collection of letters number of different types of conducting line segment, by changing
Antenna is optimized, significantly by the length of parallel double conducting wire, short circuit termination and the additive wire of Hilbert fractal antenna conducting line segment
Improve the Hilbert fractal antenna collection effect to power equipment local discharge superhigh frequency signal.
Simulation result such as Figure 11, shown in Figure 12.Simulation result shows, according to the novel quadravalence of method for designing design
The passband of Hilbert fractal antenna, gain and direction parameter have all had the biggest improvement.Its passband is wider, and gain is more
Height, directivity is the best, it is possible to delicately reception antenna local discharge superhigh frequency signal to direction.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is one to quadravalence Hilbert fractal shape schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is conducting line segment classification schematic diagram in quadravalence Hilbert fractal antenna；
Fig. 3 is the front schematic view of the quadravalence Hilbert fractal antenna by present invention design；
Fig. 4 is the schematic rear view of the quadravalence Hilbert fractal antenna by present invention design；
Fig. 5 is A-A sectional view；
Fig. 6 is the axonometric chart of the quadravalence Hilbert fractal antenna by present invention design；
Fig. 7 is the result of calculation of i-th group of data in embodiment；
Fig. 8 is the simulation result of i-th group of data in embodiment；
Fig. 9 is the result of calculation of jth group data in embodiment；
Figure 10 is the simulation result of jth group data in embodiment；
Figure 11 is the standing-wave ratio optimization of profile result of designing antenna；
Figure 12 is gain and the directivity control result of designing antenna.
In figure, each list of reference numerals is: 1, medium substrate, 2, conductor layer, 3, earth plate.
In literary composition, each symbol inventory is: M, parallel double conducting wire length, N, short circuit termination length, A, additive wire length, W, leads
The width of line segment, fr, antenna resonant frequency, VSWR, antenna standing wave ratio, c, the light velocity, Zc, the intrinsic impedance of free space, ω,
Angular frequency, β, phase constant, P, the logarithm of parallel double conducting wire, S, short circuit termination all conducting line segments length summation, D, additive wire
Segment length summation, the fractal exponent number of n, Hilbert,0, permeability of vacuum, λ, receive electromagnetic wave wavelength,, feeder line characteristic resistance
Anti-.
Detailed description of the invention
As a example by the design of quadravalence Hilbert fractal antenna, embodiment mainly application HFSS software optimization function is entered
Row relevant parameter optimizes.Three kinds of conducting line segment length of antenna are respectively set to M, N, A, and to arrange conductor width be W, medium substrate
Thickness is d, the choice of material FR4 of medium substrate, and conductor layer is copper, and choosing port1 point in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 is that distributing point is to reach
Effect to impedance matching.Arrange according to above parameter and set up HFSS phantom.Module is designed by the optimization of HFSS, right
In the range of parallel wire length M in the range of (2mm, 8mm), short circuit termination length N, additive wire segment length A and (1mm, 3mm)
Conductor width W, dielectric thickness d in the range of (0.6mm, 2mm) be optimized design, the optimum results obtained, optimum size
For: parallel wire segment length M=4mm, short circuit termination length N=3mm, additive wire segment length A=6mm, conductor width W=2mm, it is situated between
Matter substrate thickness d=1.6mm, length of side L1 (the horizontal length of side in Fig. 3) that whole antenna is last and the length of side L2 (longitudinal edge in Fig. 3
Long) be: L1=7*A+8*N=66mm, L2=7*A+M+7*N=70mm.
Antenna layers material is configured to: conductor layer is copper material, and medium substrate is that FR4 glass-epoxy covers copper
Plate flame resistant material (FR4), earth plate is copper material, dielectric substrate thickness d=1.6mm.
The ultimate principle of the present invention
(1) computation model of system is set up
M represents the length of antenna parallel conducting line segment, and N represents the length of short circuit termination, and A represents the length of additive wire section, W
Represent the conductor width of antenna；D represents that thickness of dielectric layers, R represent the diameter of circular excitation port, and r represents through medium substrate
Probe aperture diameter.
(2) parameter calculates
A. the conducting line segment of antenna is divided into parallel double conducting wire, short circuit termination and additive wire three types.
B. the accounting equation of antenna related parameters is set up.The characteristic of antenna is affected substantially by resonant frequency point, therefore by humorous
Vibration frequency point frThe not same-action of three kinds of conducting line segments is analyzed as main characteristic parameters.frComputing formula is as follows:
,
Wherein, c is the light velocity, c=3 × 108M/s, k ∈ { 0, R+}。ZcFor the intrinsic impedance of free space, Zc=120πΩ。
ω is angular frequency, and ω=2 π f, β are phase constant, and β=2 π λ, P are the logarithm of parallel double conducting wire, P=4n-1.S is that short circuit termination owns
Conducting line segment length summation, S=4n-1×N；D is additive wire segment length summation, D=(4n-1-1) × A, n are the fractal rank of Hilbert
Number.µ0For permeability of vacuum,0=4 π × 10-7Hm-1, λ is the wavelength receiving electromagnetic wave.
Standing-wave ratio VSWR of antenna is also to affect the important parameter of antenna performance, and standing-wave ratio computing formula is as follows:
WhereinFor the characteristic impedance of feeder line, P is parallel double conducting wire logarithm, when antenna is quadravalence Hilbert fractal antenna
Time, P=64.
Can be obtained by above resonant frequency point and VSWR accounting equation group analysis, three kinds of conducting line segments resonant frequency to antenna
Different impacts is all had with VSWR.
When parallel wire increases, antenna resonant frequency point reduces, and antenna VSWR parameter raises；The short circuit termination length added-time,
Antenna resonant frequency point reduces, and VSWR parameter reduces；When additive wire length increases, antenna resonant frequency raises, VSWR parameter
It is basically unchanged.The most also relative analysis the gain to antenna of three kinds of conducting line segments and the Different Effects of directivity can be obtained.Parallel conductive
When line increases, antenna gain reduces, but directivity improves；When short circuit termination length increases, antenna gain is basically unchanged, but direction
Property be deteriorated；When additive wire length increases, antenna gain improves, and directivity improves.
C. solution procedure
By two above formula, seek one group of optimal solution, quadravalence Hilbert fractal antenna characteristic can be made to reach
Good.Feasible solution arranges as shown in table 1:
Table 1 feasible solution is arranged
As shown in table 1, making W, M, N, A be respectively provided with different numerical value, W initial value is 1mm, a length of 0.5mm of stepping, eventually
Only value is 3mm；M, N and A initial value is 2mm, a length of 5mm of stepping, and stop value is 6mm.W, M, N, A choose difference and model
Enclose is can processing dimension and application to require to choose according to Practical Project.Antenna is in oil-filled transformer casing, therefore
Size is unsuitable excessive, and design result diameter should be less than 100mm, therefore makes the length of M, N, A less than 6mm.
Each group of data are made up of the feasible solution chosen respectively in W, M, N, A, form 5 × 9 × 9 × 9=3654 group and treat
Solve size.
Calculate and will choose the size wherein making antenna performance reach optimum.Antenna performance criterion is: frIt is in
In the range of 300MHz-3GHz and the least, antenna is the best in the characteristic of ultra-high frequency band, and standing wave corresponding to resonant frequency point should be relatively
Little；VSWR is a curve with collection signal frequency change, it is therefore desirable to ensure that VSWR keeps within the specific limits, generally works as
VSWR < 5 is available frequency range, is therefore less than the scope correspondence of 5 in standing-wave ratio VSWR curve in the range of 300MHz-3GHz
In the pass band of antenna, in standing-wave ratio VSWR, in the range of 300MHz-3GHz, frequency range less than 5 is the widest, then antenna
Passband the widest, the characteristic of antenna is the best.Additionally it is referred to gain and two characteristics of directivity: the biggest antenna of gain is made
For sensor probe, receiving ability is the best；Directivity each recipient of antenna to be chosen at the most all presents superperformance, and
Stronger receives the sense that direction all needs to accept at antenna.
Calculate two above formula according to parameter group to be asked, ask for W, the optimum of M, N, A.Optimizing example is as follows.
Choose W=1mm, M=2mm, N=2.5mm, A=3mm for i-th group, substitute into frWith VSWR computing formula, result of calculation is with imitative
True result is referring to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8.
Jth group chooses W=1.5mm, M=4mm, N=3mm, A=5mm, substitutes into frWith VSWR computing formula, result of calculation is with imitative
True result is referring to Fig. 9 and Figure 10.
Relatively understand under jth group parameter, based on above criterion, resonant frequency f of antennarWith standing-wave ratio VSWR characteristic
It is better than i-th group, therefore jth group data can be preserved and compare with other data, repeat searching process, i-th group of data is washed in a pan
Eliminate.
Through complete computation, available result is, three kinds of conducting line segment width are W=2mm, parallel double conducting wire length M=
4mm, short circuit termination length N=3mm, additive wire segment length A=6mm.
The span of W, M, N, A in the present invention can processing dimension and application require to choose according to Practical Project.
Antenna is in oil-filled transformer casing, and therefore size is unsuitable excessive, and design result diameter should be less than 100mm, therefore makes
The length of M, N, A is less than 6mm.The relation that antenna width W should meet is:
W < min{M, N, A}
I.e. W should be less than the minima in M, N, A three, and otherwise each conducting line segment of antenna can interconnect, and destroys the former of wire
There is geometry, the performance of antenna is caused the biggest negative effect.
The stepping length of W, M, N, A is according to can the intensity of variation of machining accuracy and antenna performance determine in Practical Project
's.Can not reach arbitrary dimension in the actual printed circuit course of processing, general precision is 0.5mm.
The present invention is provided through earth plate, medium substrate at the distributing point of the fractal ultra-high frequency antenna of Hilbert and leads
The through hole of line layer, is connected with feeder line for antenna conductor layer and earth plate, pass the signal along to rear end connect signal processing and
Display device.
The characteristic of antenna prioritization scheme:
The Hilbert fractal antenna printed circuit optimization scheme obtained according to method for designing, 0.3GHz-3GHz superelevation
In the range of Pin, resonant frequency point reaches four, and standing-wave ratio characteristic is good, the passband in the range of 0.3GHz-1GHz is widened
Being integrated into more than 500MHz broadband, three passbands of more than 1GHz are the most all more than 450MHz.Optimization scheme, its directivity is good
Good, gain parameter there has also been the biggest raising compared to the Design of length of conventional pilot line segment.
Claims (4)
1. a method for designing for the fractal ultra-high frequency antenna of Hilbert, is characterized in that, described method is divided in the both sides of medium substrate
Earth plate and the fractal conductor layer of Hilbert are not set, by parallel double conducting wire, short when determining conductor layer inside conductor section each several part size
The length of road terminal and additive wire section is classified as parameter, considers conductor width, dielectric thickness and dielectric permittivity simultaneously, sets up
The resonant frequency of antenna and the accounting equation of standing-wave ratio, and in the usable range of resonant frequency and standing-wave ratio, above-mentioned parameter is entered
Row simulation optimization, obtains three class conducting line segment length and the optimums of conducting line segment width, makes Hilbert finally according to simulation result
Fractal antenna.
The method for designing of the fractal ultra-high frequency antenna of Hilbert the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described Hilbert
Fractal ultra-high frequency antenna is quadravalence, and its specific design step is as follows:
The most traditionally the conducting line segment of antenna is divided into 64 pairs of parallel double conducting wires, 64 short circuit terminations and 63 are additional to be led
Line, parallel double conducting wire, short circuit termination, the length of additive wire represent with M, N, A respectively；The width of three class conducting line segments is identical, uses W
Represent；
B. antenna resonant frequency f is set uprAccounting equation with standing-wave ratio VSWR:
,
,
Wherein, c is the light velocity, c=3 × 108M/s, k ∈ { 0, R+}；ZcFor the intrinsic impedance of free space, Zc=120πΩ；ω is
Angular frequency, ω=2 π f, β are phase constant, and β=2 π λ, P are the logarithm of parallel double conducting wire, P=4n-1=64；S is that short circuit termination owns
Conducting line segment length summation, S=4n-1×N；D is additive wire segment length summation, D=(4n-1-1) × A, n are the fractal rank of Hilbert
Number, n=4；µ0For permeability of vacuum,0=4 π × 10-7Hm-1, λ is the wavelength receiving electromagnetic wave；Characteristic impedance for feeder line；
C. for different W, M, N, A value, calculate antenna resonant frequency f respectivelyrWith standing-wave ratio VSWR, then according to resonant frequency
frW is determined, the optimum of M, N, A with the usable range of standing-wave ratio VSWR；
D. according to W, the optimum of M, N, A makes Hilbert fractal antenna.
The method for designing of the fractal ultra-high frequency antenna of Hilbert the most according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described medium
The material of substrate is FR4, and thickness is 1.6mm, and the material of described earth plate and conductor layer is copper.
The method for designing of the fractal ultra-high frequency antenna of Hilbert the most according to claim 2, is characterized in that, calculates antenna humorous
Vibration frequency frDuring with standing-wave ratio VSWR, the value of each parameter is as follows: W initial value is 1mm, a length of 0.5mm of stepping, and stop value is
3mm；M, N and A initial value is 2mm, a length of 5mm of stepping, and stop value is 6mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410054521.5A CN103793573B (en) | 2014-02-18 | A kind of method for designing of the fractal ultra-high frequency antenna of Hilbert |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410054521.5A CN103793573B (en) | 2014-02-18 | A kind of method for designing of the fractal ultra-high frequency antenna of Hilbert |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103793573A CN103793573A (en) | 2014-05-14 |
| CN103793573B true CN103793573B (en) | 2016-11-30 |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2002001668A2 (en) * | 2000-06-28 | 2002-01-03 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Miniaturized conformal wideband fractal antennas on high dielectric substrates and chiral layers |
| CN101557035A (en) * | 2009-05-20 | 2009-10-14 | 重庆大学 | Local discharge ultrahigh-frequency detection fractal antenna and preparation method thereof |
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2002001668A2 (en) * | 2000-06-28 | 2002-01-03 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Miniaturized conformal wideband fractal antennas on high dielectric substrates and chiral layers |
| CN101557035A (en) * | 2009-05-20 | 2009-10-14 | 重庆大学 | Local discharge ultrahigh-frequency detection fractal antenna and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| Applying UHF partial discharge detection to power transformers;Judd, M. D等;《Power Engineering Review》;20021231;第22卷(第8期);第57-59页 * |
| Hilbert分形天线及其全波分析王;王宏建等;《电子与信息学报》;20030630;第25卷(第6期);第790-794页 * |
| 电力变压器局部放电检测与诊断方法评述;律方成等;《华北电力大学学报》;20031130;第30卷(第6期);第1-5页 * |
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