CN103792055A - Impact load device suitable for rapid diagnosis of medium and small bridge girders - Google Patents
Impact load device suitable for rapid diagnosis of medium and small bridge girders Download PDFInfo
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- CN103792055A CN103792055A CN201410074340.9A CN201410074340A CN103792055A CN 103792055 A CN103792055 A CN 103792055A CN 201410074340 A CN201410074340 A CN 201410074340A CN 103792055 A CN103792055 A CN 103792055A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bridge girder impact loading device, and particularly relates to an impact load device suitable for rapid diagnosis of medium and small bridge girders. The impact load device suitable for rapid diagnosis of medium and small bridge girders comprises a support, a perpendicular guide rail arranged on the support and a loading hammer arranged on the perpendicular guide rail, wherein a driving device connected with the loading hammer is further arranged on the support, the driving device comprises a motor, an electromagnetic clutch, a controller, a counting sensor, a driving shaft and a traction rope wound around the driving shaft, the driving shaft is connected with the motor through the electromagnetic clutch, the lower end of the traction rope is connected with the loading hammer, the counting sensor is arranged at the lower end of the support, is used for detecting the falling of the loading hammer and transmits detected signals to the controller, and the controller controls the motor to drive the driving shaft to lift the loading hammer according to the output signals of the counting sensor. The impact vibration device can generate single-amplitude impact (single time of impact), and has the advantages that smooth and consistent force spectrums are generated and no obvious attenuation or zero-value area exists in a spectrogram.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to small bridge dynamic test and the safety assessment field of building and traffic engineering.The present invention is a kind of device loading that small bridge is impacted, and the impact load producing has special characteristic (the large frequency domain of amplitude wide and have single width value tag), can realize the impact shock test of small bridge and the object of security diagnostics.
Background technology
The develop rapidly in recent years of the health diagnosis of bridge.But with respect to long large bridge, the Gernral Check-up work of state province arterial highway and country road small bridge is not also fully paid attention to.By the end of the year 2009, nearly 59.46 ten thousand of Bridges in Our Country sums, wherein 55.28 ten thousand, middle-size and small-size bridge.Due to the restriction of the each side such as fund, manpower, attention degree, most middle-size and small-size bridges are long neglected and in disrepair, have serious potential safety hazard.Therefore the small bridge health diagnosis that, tempo of development is fast, cost is low, accuracy is high is a urgent tasks of science.The conventional test of the ambient vibration for bridge health diagnoses only can provide the modal parameter such as frequency and the vibration shape of bridge, and being difficult to provides very clear and definite information to the engineering of bridge health diagnoses is actual.Impact shock test is a new direction of small bridge Gernral Check-up, by the time-histories data of impulsive force and bridge significant points acceleration in observation impact shock test process, can identify the more detailed parameter such as flexibility matrix of structure, thereby realize bridge security diagnosis more accurately.Truck static test is the on-the-spot test method that science of bridge building personnel accept extensively.Structural-load-carrying capacity is the important indicator of structural safety.Truck static test is by carrying out different brackets loading and observing corresponding displacement and strain data effectively assess the load-bearing capacity of bridge to tested bridge.Ministry of Communications of China " Existing Highway Bridges load-bearing capacity authentication method " has carried out detailed regulation and explanation to truck Static Load Test Method.U.S.'s bridge on highway state estimation handbook (AASHTO) has also been done similar explanation to truck static test.Truck results of dead load is reliable, and is the method for regulation and stipulation, thereby at home and abroad in the bearing capacity evaluation of small bridge, is used widely.In bridge structure kinematic behavior determination test, need to be tested bridge is encouraged by preventing test, wheels-locked testing and jumping car, its shortcoming be that test is wasted time and energy, somewhat expensive, must close especially at the trial bridge and be open to traffic, affect traffic, being that bridge management personnel are least happy sees.
The bridge flexibility matrix that can identify by impact shock, thus the amount of deflection under any static load predicted, then calculate the verification coefficient of bridge according to Ministry of Communications's Existing Highway Bridges load-bearing capacity authentication method, obtain clear and definite bridge security state judgement.The method of impact shock test energy while recognition structure kinematic behavior and statical feature is feasible, but the flexibility matrix that carries out bridge is identified needed impulsive force and is not only wanted amplitude large, also need frequency domain wide, both impulsive force energy will be evenly distributed on (for example 0 ~ 100 hertz) within the scope of a wide frequency domain, otherwise at accurately recognition structure flexibility matrix of signal analysis part, simultaneously existing requirement of hitting vibrating device and cannot meet one-shot, secondary pulse or repeatedly impact can produce inconsistent, uneven power spectrum, and the amplitude attenuation 30dB of power spectrum or more, particularly at resonance peak place, avoid secondary pulse can obtain accurate analysis result, and the data that repeatedly impact obtains are poor, last analysis result is unreliable.Therefore current percussion mechanism cannot be applied to impact shock test, cannot utilize impact shock theory to carry out safety assessment to bridge.Current, the impact loading device that can be applicable to bridge test is very limited, most widely used is simple hammering device (hammer energetically), but the impulsive force amplitude that this hammering device produces is little, cannot effectively motivate the multi-modes of bridge, cause the Structure Flexibility Matrix out of true of identification.Therefore, how to develop an effective impact loading device that is applicable to bridge security diagnosis, produce the wide impulsive force of the large frequency domain of amplitude, and can avoid secondary pulse, become the development of restriction small bridge health diagnosis and the bottleneck problem of applying.
Summary of the invention
Bottleneck problem in the small bridge Gernral Check-up of introducing for background technology part, the invention discloses a kind of charger that can realize single-impact that is applicable to bridge vibration test, thereby improves accuracy and the reliability of Measurement results.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of bridge impact loading device, comprises support, is arranged on the vertical guide rail on support and is arranged on the loading hammer on described vertical guide rail, is also provided with described loading and hammers the drive unit being connected into shape on described support, it is characterized in that:
Described drive unit comprises motor, electromagnetic clutch, controller, sensor for countering, driving shaft and around the traction rope on described driving shaft, described driving shaft is connected with described motor by described electromagnetic clutch, connect described loading hammer in the lower end of traction rope, the lower end that described sensor for countering is arranged on described support is for detection of the whereabouts of described loading hammer and the signal detecting is outputed to described controller, described controller is according to the output signal of described sensor for countering, controlling described motor drives described driving shaft to promote described loading hammer.
Two ends at described loading hammer are provided with slide block, and described slide block is positioned on described guide rail, on described slide block, is provided with described slide block is fixed on to the electrical brake device on guide rail.Electrical brake device comprises: guide rail clamping device, spring energy storage device, wedge slide gear, piston.The electronic generation power of electrical brake device, is applied on surface of contact by the wedge that is clipped in guide rail both sides, thereby clamps guide rail, plays the effect of braking.
Lower end at described loading hammer arranges strong sensor and rubber blanket.
Charger of the present invention, adopts motor to extract weight and controls the whole processes such as weight whereabouts, impact and resilience, and the impulsive force producing is provided by the acceleration that loads hammer movement of falling object generation.Whole device structure is rationally simple and clear, can meet the required impact load of bridge vibration testing experiment.Owing to needing to use impact force data in the process of signal analysis part Structure Flexibility Matrix identification, in loading hammer lower surface, wireless force cell is installed, thereby can be recorded the time-histories data of produced impulsive force, and be wirelessly transmitted in data acquisition computer.Load the weight of hammer for variable loading, can additionally increase and load hammer weight so that larger impact load to be provided.In the time that loading hammer drops to the height contacting with ground, laser sensor has been installed on percussion mechanism, signal can be passed to control circuit, then electric signal is sent in computer control, after brake gear receives electric signal, the wedge that is clipped in guide rail both sides by Spring driving is applied to the power up to 9200N on surface of contact, thereby clamps guide rail, play the effect of braking, whole mechanism is very short to braking time from sending electric signal.And owing to adopting special material and design, brake gear can not produce guide rail and destroy, and powerful holding force has also guaranteed between slide block and guide rail not produce relative motion, the guarantee of avoiding the secondary pulse that loads hammer to provide.The broadband properties of impulsive force can be obtained by the flexible rubber pad below power sensor, and the wideband that flexible rubber pad produces can be contained the frequency range of our mode interested.
beneficial effect
1. impact shock device of the present invention can produce single width value impulsive force (single-impact), and its advantage is to produce smooth, consistent power spectrum, and does not decay significantly or null value region on spectrogram.
2. utilize the impact shock device that the present invention announces to produce the wide impulsive force with thering is single width value tag of the large frequency domain of amplitude, in conjunction with the acceleration information of measuring, can identify accurately the flexibility matrix of bridge, and then prediction deflection of bridge span, calculation check coefficient and the assessment of bridge security performance.
3. the present invention can, in conjunction with multiple advanced sensors such as carbon fiber wireless sensing, FBG, carry out fast detecting to bridge.
4. the present invention is can be in conjunction with impact shock theoretical and flexibility identification is theoretical, and old bridge is held to amount of deflection and predict, the truck static loading experiment that it can substitute specification stipulates, and there is feature convenient and swift, that expense is low, accuracy rate is high.Because China's small bridge is numerous, institute's contrive equipment is practical, in the quick diagnosis of small bridge, has broad application prospects.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention.
The time-histories figure of impact load that Fig. 2 produces.
The spectrogram of impact load that Fig. 3 produces.
Wherein: electromagnetic clutch 1, infrared sensor 2, electric brake 3, support 4, motor 5, controller 6, power sensor 7, rubber blanket 8, loads hammer 9.
embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is elaborated:
As shown in Figure 1, bridge impact loading device of the present invention, comprises support 4, is arranged on the vertical guide rail on support and is arranged on the loading hammer 9 on vertical guide rail, in the lower end that loads hammer, strong sensor 7 and rubber blanket 8 is set.On support, be also provided with motor 5, electromagnetic clutch 1, controller 6, infrared sensor 2 as sensor for countering, driving shaft and around the traction rope on driving shaft, driving shaft is connected with motor by electromagnetic clutch, connect and load hammer 9 in the lower end of traction rope, sensor for countering is arranged on the lower end of support for detection of loading the whereabouts of hammer and the signal detecting being outputed to controller, controller, according to the output signal of sensor for countering, is controlled motor and is driven driving shaft to promote loading hammer.Be provided with slide block at the two ends that load hammer, slide block is positioned on described guide rail, is provided with electrical brake device on slide block, and electrical brake device is existing equipment, directly buying.
The principle of work of charger of the present invention is: first motor rises to certain height and (can automatically judge required hoisting depth according to bridge type loading hammer, be the size of required impulsive force), motor quits work, electromagnetic clutch closure, driving shaft is checked, load hammer and be fixed on height undetermined, after control knob starter gear, loading hammer will move downward along guide rail in movement of falling object mode, and ground is produced to one-shot effect, loading hammer clashes into after bridge floor, resilience is risen in a short period of time, in the time that resilience is for the first time hammered in loading into shape, signal is passed to controller by the infrared sensor 2 that is positioned at percussion mechanism bottom, and by controller control motor, motor can be promoted moment and load hammer, the brake gear of guide rail both sides has been avoided the impact of secondary pulse unfavorable factor simultaneously, complete one-shot process.
Laboratory vibrator impulsive force specificity analysis:
The vibrating device that hits of the present invention does impulse test at body structure surface, and impulsive force is as Fig. 2, and its impulsive force amplitude can reach 5t ~ 17t, and it is done to Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), can obtain the frequency domain figure 3 of impulsive force, can find that it has broadband properties.Of the present inventionly hit that vibrating device impulsive force is large, frequency domain extensively and not can produce secondary pulse, can motivate fully the kinematic behavior of bridge, realize the security diagnostics of bridge.
Claims (3)
1. a bridge impact loading device, comprises support, is arranged on the vertical guide rail on support and is arranged on the loading hammer on described vertical guide rail, is also provided with described loading and hammers the drive unit being connected into shape on described support, it is characterized in that:
Described drive unit comprises motor, electromagnetic clutch, controller, sensor for countering, driving shaft and around the traction rope on described driving shaft, described driving shaft is connected with described motor by described electromagnetic clutch, connect described loading hammer in the lower end of traction rope, the lower end that described sensor for countering is arranged on described support is for detection of the whereabouts of described loading hammer and the signal detecting is outputed to described controller, described controller is according to the output signal of described sensor for countering, controlling described motor drives described driving shaft to promote described loading hammer.
2. bridge impact loading device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the two ends at described loading hammer are provided with slide block, described slide block is positioned on described guide rail, on described slide block, is provided with described slide block is fixed on to the electrical brake device on guide rail.
3. bridge impact loading device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the lower end at described loading hammer arranges strong sensor and rubber blanket.
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| CN201410074340.9A CN103792055B (en) | 2014-03-03 | 2014-03-03 | A kind of impact load device that is applicable to small bridge quick diagnosis |
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Cited By (6)
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| CN104748932A (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2015-07-01 | 中国铁路总公司 | Automatic excitation device of railway bridge foundation structure |
| WO2015195728A1 (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2015-12-23 | Drexel University | Self-contained rapid modal testing system for highway bridges |
| CN106289691A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2017-01-04 | 张建 | A kind of bridge block impact vibration detection method based on microwave radar device and detection device |
| CN106290014A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2017-01-04 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of drop weight test system anti-secondary impact device |
| CN108982139A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-12-11 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of changing damage bridge experiment device and its experimental method |
| US20220134483A1 (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2022-05-05 | Hyundai Motor Company | Hammer Device, Apparatus for Detecting Fault of Welded Part, and Method Using the Same |
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| CN106289691A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2017-01-04 | 张建 | A kind of bridge block impact vibration detection method based on microwave radar device and detection device |
| CN106289691B (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2018-12-18 | 张建 | A kind of bridge block impact vibration detection method and detection device based on microwave radar device |
| CN108982139A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-12-11 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of changing damage bridge experiment device and its experimental method |
| CN108982139B (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2019-08-13 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of changing damage bridge experiment device and its experimental method |
| US20220134483A1 (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2022-05-05 | Hyundai Motor Company | Hammer Device, Apparatus for Detecting Fault of Welded Part, and Method Using the Same |
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