CN103791515B - Coal-burning boiler burner hearth exit gas temperature online soft sensor system - Google Patents

Coal-burning boiler burner hearth exit gas temperature online soft sensor system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103791515B
CN103791515B CN201410056651.2A CN201410056651A CN103791515B CN 103791515 B CN103791515 B CN 103791515B CN 201410056651 A CN201410056651 A CN 201410056651A CN 103791515 B CN103791515 B CN 103791515B
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flue gas
temperature
outlet
coal
boiler
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CN103791515A (en
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王景成
史元浩
丁承刚
王斌
袁景淇
云涛
屠庆
徐青
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
Shanghai Institute of Process Automation Instrumentation
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
Shanghai Institute of Process Automation Instrumentation
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of coal-burning boiler burner hearth exit gas temperature online soft sensor system and measuring method thereof, comprise the steps: a) to set up flue gas physical parameter module; B) set up working medium side heat-absorbing model and low-temperature space outlet flue gas enthalpy module; C) obtain furnace outlet flue gas enthalpy according to step a) and step b), and calculate flue gas temperature of hearth outlet. The present invention can on-line continuous monitor furnace outlet section mean temperature, and simple to operate, additional hardware less investment, is applicable to multiple boiler type.

Description

Coal-burning boiler burner hearth exit gas temperature online soft sensor system
Technical field
The present invention relates to computer monitoring technical field, relate in particular to a kind of flue gas temperature of hearth outlet of coal-burning boilerOnline soft sensor system.
Background technology
At present, fossil-fired unit is along with the increase of capacity, and its structure becomes increasingly complex, required detection and controlParameter is also more and more, gives and controls and optimize and brought new problem. Coal-burning boiler burner hearth exit gas temperature is onlineSoft measuring system is for large-sized station boiler furnace outlet section temperature distribution measuring. Outlet Section is to be positioned at boiler waterThe outlet smokestack of flat flue, tangential combustion, opposed firing mode, front wall firing mode and W flame combustionIt is different that mode exports the position of smokestack.
Furnace outlet is the separation of boiler radiation heat transfer and heat convection, and its exit gas temperature is to high temperature section steamParameter has a direct impact. Because flue gas temperature of hearth outlet is higher, and contain a large amount of dusts, work under bad environment,Unit is general set temperature measuring point not at this place. And the total input heat of combustion system, burner hearth physical dimension, burner hearth,The factor such as quantity and layout of soot blower for boiler hearth will affect cigarette temperature, and when boiler operatiopn, excessive air amount, burner hearth are stained feelingsCondition, burner and coal pulverizer are cut factors such as throwing combination, ature of coal also will affect cigarette temperature. If be subject to above-mentioned certainThe impact of factor, when furnace outlet gas temperature off-design value, will affect security and the economy of boiler operatiopn.In the situation that cannot predicting flue gas temperature of hearth outlet variation, cause not in time steam and metallic walls for preventing from adjustingThe problems such as overtemperature, many units operate under lower steam parameter for a long time, or use a large amount of desuperheating waters, make unitEconomy variation. Carbonated drink side relatively, fume side belongs to fast change process. If can predict in advance flue gas temperature of hearth outletVariation, make automatic control system or operations staff have time enough adjustment burning operational factor, can make steamTemperature operates in higher trouble free service interval.
In prior art, conventionally comprise two different developing direction of hard ware measure and soft measurement.
The physical measurement device of existing furnace outlet gas temperature comprises heat radiation pyrometer, acoustics pyrometer etc. Warp is to existingThere is literature search to find, patent documentation " boiler furnace outlet smoke temperature on-line monitoring system " (notification numberCN201532256U), disclose a kind of boiler furnace outlet smoke temperature on-line monitoring system, be included in boilerNear smokestack, arrange that target is for temperature-sensitive, be used for gathering target radiant energy at horizontal flue installation near infrared imaging instrumentAmount, and installation data computer processes the data that near infrared imaging instrument gathers, and carries out section temperature distribution curveDraw. In " automation review " " burner hearth sound wave temp measuring system is at the 1000MW of Ninghai power plant ultra-supercritical boilerBusiness application " introduced the application of sound wave temp measuring system, be near the furnace wall of vertical cross section boiler smokestack outer aboutTwo STHs are installed acoustic emission and receiving transducers, the every pair of transducer composition line testing temperature pair, with per second oncePulsed sound is measured; Some to forming a complicated line temperature net in real time relevant to temperature, according to temperatureNet obtains the temperature altitude matrix on temperature surfaces. The monitoring error of this kind of method mainly depends near boiler horizontal gas passPneumatic noise and sound emission, be very difficult and will overcome numerous interference. These hardware units mostly veryCostliness, need to increase measurement device, buy relevant software and hardware, and installation and maintenance is all very difficult. Meanwhile,The installation site of these devices is also worthy of careful study very much, because for the large space of furnace outlet, which type of is chosenMounting points is also the very difficult thing of part.
Soft measurement aspect is mainly to obtain furnace outlet gas temperature by " boiler unit heating power calculates standard method " backsteppingOr obtain by numerical simulation fire box temperature field. Through existing literature search is found, in " power engineering "" analysis of Calculation Methods of Furnace Outlet Temperature and comparison " systematically discussed Gu Erwei odd-numbered prescription method, Du Bo Paderewski is repaiiedCorrection method, ASME method etc., and analyze the pluses and minuses that compared the semi-theoretical computational methods of these several semiempiricals,To providing some foundations for the correct calculating in boiler design and operation. Central China University of Science and Technology's coal combustion state keyLaboratory Zhou Huaichun proposes a kind of boiler and furnace temp is field visualized and burning monitoring technique. These methods oftenBe all the boiler for a certain type, and mostly rely on experience, do not there is generalization and real-time.
Therefore, those skilled in the art is devoted to develop the soft online of a kind of coal-burning boiler burner hearth exit gas temperatureMeasuring system, can on-line continuous monitor furnace outlet section mean temperature, can be applicable to polytype boiler,Be with a wide range of applications.
Summary of the invention
Because the above-mentioned defect of prior art, technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of coal-burning boilerFlue gas temperature of hearth outlet online soft sensor system, can on-line continuous monitor furnace outlet section mean temperature, andSimple to operate, additional hardware less investment, be applicable to multiple boiler type.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of coal-burning boiler burner hearth exit gas temperature online soft sensor isSystem, comprises boiler body, the warm galvanic couple of cigarette, Distributed Control System, computer, ature of coal chemical examination instrument and monitoring in real timeDevice; Distributed Control System is connected with boiler body and transmits the trip information of boiler unit; Distributed Control SystemBe provided with and upload interface and download interface, download interface is connected with computer, for transmitting the operational factor of boiler unitInformation, uploads interface and is connected with computer, for transmitting the dirty data message of ash of boiler unit; The warm galvanic couple of cigarette is establishedIn the low-temperature space outlet of the back-end ductwork of boiler body, the warm galvanic couple of cigarette is connected with computer, for transmitting flue gasTemperature information; The instrument of ature of coal chemical examination is in real time arranged on coal pulverizer outlet, and the instrument of ature of coal chemical examination in real time is also connected with computer,Be used for transmitting ature of coal information; Watch-dog is connected with computer, for transmission and demonstration flue gas temperature of hearth outlet dataInformation.
The present invention also provides a kind of measuring method based on above-mentioned measuring system, comprises the steps:
A) set up flue gas physical parameter module;
B) set up working medium side heat-absorbing model and low-temperature space outlet flue gas enthalpy module;
C) obtain furnace outlet flue gas enthalpy according to step a) and step b), and calculate furnace outlet flue gasTemperature.
Further, in step a), carry out analysis of chemical elements in coal pulverizer outlet to entering stove ature of coal, and inputIn the database of computer, set up flue gas physical parameter module, for determining the physical parameter of tail flue gas.
Further, in step b), by Distributed Control System, obtain the real-time operation ginseng of boiler working substance sideNumber, extracts the steam of boiler working substance side and the measurement parameter of water, sets up working medium side heat-absorbing model.
Wherein, the measurement parameter of steam and water comprises temperature and pressure.
Further, in step b), the computational methods of setting up working medium side heat-absorbing model are: by furnace outlet cross sectionWith chimney heat exchanger between low-temperature space outlet is divided into several heat exchange modules by flue gas flow, by collecting and distributingControl system is extracted the steam of each heat exchange module and the measurement parameter of water, obtains the working medium side draught of each heat exchange moduleHeat, then summation obtains working medium side caloric receptivity, and then obtain fume side caloric receptivity.
Further, in step b), obtain real-time outlet by the warm galvanic couple of cigarette that is arranged on low-temperature space outletFlue-gas temperature, and the exit gas temperature of gained is input to computer, be combined and obtain stove with flue gas physical parameter storehouseThorax outlet flue gas enthalpy, sets up low-temperature space outlet flue gas enthalpy module.
Further, in step c), according to working medium side heat-absorbing model and low-temperature space outlet flue gas enthalpy module, obtainGet current working medium side caloric receptivity and low-temperature space outlet flue gas enthalpy, by conservation of energy formula, fume side is recepted the caloricSummation obtains furnace outlet flue gas enthalpy with low-temperature space outlet flue gas enthalpy, and by the temperature backstepping mould in computerPiece obtains flue gas temperature of hearth outlet.
Further, in step c), the computational methods of temperature backstepping module are that iterative computation is tried to achieve furnace outlet cigaretteTemperature degree: first suppose that flue gas temperature of hearth outlet is t ', obtain a furnace outlet flue gas enthalpy and beAndWith actual enthalpy hyl" relatively, if being less than a certain predetermined small value, its difference thinks the flue gas temperature of hearth outlet of suppositionT ' is gained; Again adjust flue gas temperature of hearth outlet according to difference if be more than or equal to a certain predetermined small value,Recalculate, until obtain actual furnace outlet gas temperature.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, a kind of coal-burning boiler burner hearth exit gas temperature online soft sensor systemMeasuring method as follows: first, carry out analysis of chemical elements in coal pulverizer outlet to entering stove ature of coal, and be input to meterIn the database of calculation machine, set up flue gas physical parameter module, determine the related property parameter of tail flue gas. Then,Download the real time execution parameter of boiler from Distributed Control System by the download interface of coal-burning boiler Distributed Control System,And the chimney heat exchanger from furnace outlet cross section to low-temperature space outlet is divided into difference according to working medium heating procedureHeat exchange module, and extract the working medium side steam of corresponding heat exchange module and the measurement parameter of water, obtain total working medium sideCaloric receptivity Qyq. Meanwhile, by low-temperature space outlet, the warm galvanic couple of cigarette being installed, obtain real-time exit gas temperatureAnd be input to computer and be combined with flue gas physical parameter module and obtain the enthalpy h of low-temperature space outlet flue gas2". Finally, logicalCross conservation of energy formula h1″=Qyq+h2" can obtain furnace outlet flue gas enthalpy, and contrary by the temperature in computerPush away module and obtain flue gas temperature of hearth outlet, watch-dog is connected with computer and shows in real time flue gas temperature of hearth outletData message.
As can be seen here, the present invention has following technique effect:
1, the present invention can obtain furnace outlet gas temperature value by real-time online continuously, after computer obtains monitoring result,Being presented on monitored picture, or it is uploaded to DCS by microcomputer interface by result, is operating personnel's toolGymnastics work or unit cooperative control provide data basis.
2,, compared with existing monitoring technology, the soft measuring system of furnace outlet gas temperature that the present invention proposes is based on real-time numberAccording to driving, there are data and easily obtain, extra hardware drops into little and has broad applicability etc. excellent to the various type of furnacesPoint.
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, the technique effect of design of the present invention, concrete structure and generation is described further,To understand fully object of the present invention, feature and effect.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the coal-burning boiler burner hearth exit gas temperature online soft sensor system in one embodiment of the present of inventionBlock diagram.
Fig. 2 is the fire coal boiler fume side flow chart of an embodiment.
Fig. 3 is the result figure of certain day 24 hours working medium side draught heats of the embodiment of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the result figure of certain day 24 hours low-temperature space outlet flue gas enthalpies of the embodiment of Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is the result figure of certain day 24 hours flue gas temperature of hearth outlet of the embodiment of Fig. 2.
Detailed description of the invention
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of coal-burning boiler burner hearth exit gas temperature online soft sensor system, comprises boiler body1, the warm galvanic couple 2 of cigarette, Distributed Control System 3, upload interface 4, download interface 5, computer 6, coal in real timeMaterialization is tested instrument 7 and watch-dog 8.
Distributed Control System 3 is connected with boiler body 1 and transmits the trip information of boiler unit. Collecting and distributing controlSystem 3 is provided with uploads interface 4 and download interface 5; Upload interface 4 and be connected with computer 6, for transmitting boilerThe dirty data message of ash of unit; Download interface 5 is connected with computer 6, for transmitting the operational factor of boiler unitInformation; .
The warm galvanic couple 2 of cigarette is located at the low-temperature space outlet of the back-end ductwork of boiler body 1, the warm galvanic couple 2 of cigarette and calculatingMachine 6 connects, for transmitting the temperature information of flue gas. The instrument 7 of ature of coal chemical examination is in real time arranged on coal pulverizer outlet, in real timeAture of coal chemical examination instrument 7 is also connected with computer 6, for transmitting ature of coal information. Watch-dog 8 is connected with computer 6,For transmission and demonstration flue gas temperature of hearth outlet data message.
Below,, Natural Circulation subcritical with 300MW, resuperheat, two arch list burner hearth, " W " flame combustionThe boiler of mode, dry ash extraction, the coal-fired drum boiler of all steel frame suspension type is example, describes the fire coal of the present embodiment in detailThe measuring method of boiler furnace outlet smoke temperature online soft sensor system.
A kind of coal-burning boiler burner hearth exit gas temperature online soft sensor method, comprises the steps:
Step 1: carry out analysis of chemical elements in coal pulverizer outlet to entering stove ature of coal, and be input to the data of computerIn storehouse, set up flue gas physical parameter module, for determining the physical parameter of tail flue gas.
Step 2: by Distributed Control System, obtain the real-time operational factor of boiler working substance side, extract described potThe steam of stove working medium side and the measurement parameter of water, set up working medium side heat-absorbing model.
Step 3: obtain real-time exit gas temperature by the warm galvanic couple of cigarette that is arranged on low-temperature space outlet, and willThe exit gas temperature of gained is input to computer, is combined and obtains furnace outlet flue gas enthalpy with flue gas physical parameter storehouseValue, sets up low-temperature space outlet flue gas enthalpy module.
Step 4: measure the composition into stove ature of coal, and result is sent in computer, by flue gas physical property modelThe one-tenth that obtains flue gas is grouped into, and concrete ature of coal practical measuring examples is as shown in table 1:
Table 1
Sequence number Project Unit Measured value
1 As-received carbon Car % 63.52
2 As-received hydrogen Har % 2.09
3 As-received oxygen Oar % 1.02
4 As-received nitrogen Nar % 0.92
5 As-received sulphur Sar % 0.69
6 As-received ash Aar % 23.76
7 As-received moisture content Mar % 8.0
8 Air-dried basis moisture content Mad % 2.25
9 Dry ash free basis fugitive constituent Vdaf % 7.35
10 As-received low heat valve Qnet, ar kJ/kg 23082
Step 5: by Distributed Control System, obtain the result of the real-time operational factor of boiler working substance side and also determineIn the sampling period, the chimney heat exchanger between furnace outlet cross section and low-temperature space outlet is divided into by flue gas flowFive heat exchange modules, as shown in Figure 2, are respectively pendant superheater, high temperature superheater, high temperature reheater, levelReheater (low-temperature reheater), horizontal superheater (low temperature superheater), economizer, wherein horizontal superheater comprisesAdditional steam. Process as follows to working medium side measurement parameter:
A) working medium side heat balance: Qgz=Qs0+Qs1+Qs2+Qs3+Qs4
B) fume side thermal discharge:
Qs0=D0(hssm″-hssm′)
Qs1=D1(hsdg″-hsqb′)
C) the heat exchange amount of each heat exchanger: Qs2=D2(hspg″-hspg′)
Qs3=D3(hsgg″-hsgg′)
Qs4=D4(hszr″-hszr′)
Q in formulagz、Qs0、Qs1、Qs2、Qs3、Qs4---be respectively total working medium, economizer, low temperature superheater,Pendant superheater, high temperature superheater, high temperature reheater working medium caloric receptivity, kJ/s; D0、D1、D2、D3、D4——Be respectively economizer, low temperature superheater, pendant superheater, high temperature superheater, high temperature reheater flow, kg/s;hs″、hs'---be respectively each heating surface import and export steam enthalpy, kJ/kg, and the different subscripts of enthalpy are corresponding differentHeat exchanger;---be errors, can be approximately 1 here; Qyq---be fume side caloric receptivity, kJ/kg.
Above-mentioned each heat exchanger working medium enthalpy is tried to achieve in real time by modular fluid properties storehouse. Fluid properties storehouse adoptsInternational properties of water and steam IAPWS-IF97 formula, adopts vector pattern, real from each heat exchangerTime gather Temperature of Working, pressure etc. as input, be output as the enthalpy of water and steam, be expressed as follows:
Q=IF97Vector(T,P)
The enthalpy of Q working medium in formula, T and P are respectively the temperature and pressure of the working medium of real-time measurement.
Step 6: obtain online the tail flue gas temperature of boiler by the warm galvanic couple of boiler tail cigarette, send it toComputer is processed, and as the input of flue gas enthalpy module, obtains exporting the enthalpy h of flue gasysm″。
Step 7: by step 5,6 result, will export flue gas enthalpy and the summation of flue gas thermal discharge, get final productTo furnace outlet flue gas enthalpy hyl", the kJ/kg of unit.
Step 8: by step 7 acquired results in the cigarette temperature backstepping module being input in computer, iterative computationTry to achieve furnace outlet gas temperature t. Need the furnace outlet gas temperature of new supposition to compute repeatedly, until the enthalpy calculatingValueWith actual enthalpy hyl" difference be less than a certain value:
| h yl 0 - h yl ′ ′ h yl ′ ′ | × 100 ≤ ϵ
Be required end product meeting the flue gas temperature of hearth outlet obtaining under above formula condition. Said processIn relate to such an extent that the computational details all calculates standard method according to relevant heating power and carries out.
Step 9: the soft measurement result of cigarette temperature being obtained by step 8, connects by the uploading of Distributed Control System of boilerMouthful, result is uploaded in Distributed Control System and coordinates to control, and be transferred to field control by network lineIn the watch-dog of chamber, provide effective reference for operations staff to current operation.
Fig. 3~Fig. 5 is respectively and utilizes certain day 24 hours working medium side draught heats that the measuring method of the present embodiment obtainsThe result figure of result figure, low-temperature space outlet flue gas enthalpy and the result figure of flue gas temperature of hearth outlet.
More than describe preferred embodiment of the present invention in detail. Should be appreciated that those of ordinary skill in the artJust can design according to the present invention make many modifications and variations without creative work. Therefore, all technology neckIn territory, technical staff is under this invention's idea on the basis of existing technology by logic analysis, reasoning or limitedTest available technical scheme, all should be in by the determined protection domain of claims.

Claims (6)

1. a coal-burning boiler burner hearth exit gas temperature online soft sensor system, is characterized in that, comprise boiler body,The warm galvanic couple of cigarette, Distributed Control System, computer, real-time ature of coal chemical examination instrument and watch-dog;
Described Distributed Control System is connected with boiler body, for transmitting the trip information of boiler unit; InstituteState Distributed Control System and be provided with and upload interface and download interface, described download interface is connected with described computer, forTransmit the trip information of described boiler unit, described in upload interface and be connected with described computer, for transmittingState the dirty data message of ash of boiler unit;
The warm galvanic couple of described cigarette is located at the low-temperature space outlet of the back-end ductwork of described boiler body, the warm electricity of described cigaretteEven and described computer is connected, for transmitting the temperature information of flue gas;
Described real-time ature of coal chemical examination instrument is arranged on coal pulverizer outlet, described real-time ature of coal chemical examination instrument also with described calculatingMachine connects, for transmitting ature of coal information;
Described watch-dog is connected with computer, for transmission and demonstration flue gas temperature of hearth outlet data message.
2. the measurement side of a coal-burning boiler burner hearth exit gas temperature online soft sensor system as claimed in claim 1Method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
A) carry out analysis of chemical elements in coal pulverizer outlet to entering stove ature of coal, and be input in the database of computer,Set up flue gas physical parameter module, for determining the physical parameter of tail flue gas;
B) by Distributed Control System, obtain the real-time operational factor of boiler working substance side, extract described kettlemanThe steam of matter side and the measurement parameter of water, set up working medium side heat-absorbing model; By being arranged on the cigarette temperature of low-temperature space outletThermocouple obtains real-time exit gas temperature, and the exit gas temperature of gained is input to computer, with flue gasLow-temperature space outlet flue gas enthalpy module, in conjunction with obtaining furnace outlet flue gas enthalpy, is set up in physical parameter storehouse;
C) according to step a) and step b) obtain furnace outlet flue gas enthalpy, and calculate furnace outlet flue gasTemperature.
3. measuring method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, step b) in, set up working medium side heat absorption mouldThe computational methods of piece are: by the chimney heat exchanger between furnace outlet cross section and low-temperature space outlet by flue gas flowBe divided into several heat exchange modules, extract the steam of each heat exchange module and the measurement of water ginseng by Distributed Control SystemNumber, obtains the working medium side caloric receptivity of each heat exchange module, then summation obtains working medium side caloric receptivity, and then obtains flue gasSide draught heat.
4. measuring method as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, the measurement parameter of described steam and water comprises temperatureDegree and pressure.
5. measuring method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, step c) in, according to working medium side heat absorption mouldPiece and low-temperature space outlet flue gas enthalpy module, obtain current working medium side caloric receptivity and low-temperature space outlet flue gas enthalpy, logicalCross conservation of energy formula, fume side caloric receptivity and the summation of low-temperature space outlet flue gas enthalpy are obtained to furnace outlet flue gas enthalpyValue, and obtain flue gas temperature of hearth outlet by the temperature backstepping module in computer.
6. measuring method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, step c) in, described temperature backstepping moduleComputational methods be that iterative computation is tried to achieve flue gas temperature of hearth outlet: first suppose that flue gas temperature of hearth outlet isT ', obtains a furnace outlet flue gas enthalpy and isAnd with actual enthalpy h "ylRelatively, a certain if its difference is less thanPredetermined small value thinks that the flue gas temperature of hearth outlet t ' of supposition is gained; If be more than or equal to described a certain pre-Fixed little value is adjusted flue gas temperature of hearth outlet again according to difference, recalculates, and goes out until obtain actual burner hearthTill mouth cigarette temperature.
CN201410056651.2A 2014-02-19 2014-02-19 Coal-burning boiler burner hearth exit gas temperature online soft sensor system Expired - Fee Related CN103791515B (en)

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CN106066208B (en) * 2016-05-26 2018-11-23 东南大学 A kind of device and method of coal-fired power station boiler high temperature superheater wall surface temperature on-line monitoring
CN106765031B (en) * 2017-01-23 2019-09-03 东南大学 A kind of furnace of power-plant boilers slagging Multi sectional method of real-time
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