CN103788955A - Cadmium fixing agent for treating contaminated soil and treatment method of soil - Google Patents
Cadmium fixing agent for treating contaminated soil and treatment method of soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN103788955A CN103788955A CN201410066642.1A CN201410066642A CN103788955A CN 103788955 A CN103788955 A CN 103788955A CN 201410066642 A CN201410066642 A CN 201410066642A CN 103788955 A CN103788955 A CN 103788955A
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Abstract
The invention provides a cadmium fixing agent for treating contaminated soil and a treatment method of the soil. The cadmium fixing agent comprises lime, charcoal and a plant organic fertilizer; in the aspect of weight, the addition of the lime is 3.7-4.6% of the contaminated soil to be treated, the addition of the charcoal is 2.3-6.9% of the contaminated soil to be treated and the addition of the plant organic fertilizer is 1.0-4.0% of the contaminated soil to be treated; and the content of the effective-state cadmium in the contaminated soil is 6-7%. According to the cadmium fixing agent provided by the invention, the content of the effective-state cadmium in the cadmium fixing agent can be reduced from 6.6mg/kg to 3.1mg/kg. The effective-state content of the heavy metals in the contaminated soil which is treated is reduced to a range that the plants can bear, and cadmium hyper-accumulated plants can be selected for sequential restoration. Another selectable restoration form is provided to the treatment of the heavy metal contaminated soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil available Cd fixing agent field, especially, relate to a kind of cadmium fixing agent for the treatment of contaminated soil and the treatment process of this soil.
Background technology
Along with industrial expansion, cadmium uses extensively in industrial production, and factory effluent arbitrarily discharges in some enterprises, cadmium wastewater, being penetrated into before Water table, need to pass through a large amount of pedospheres, and pedosphere is by the cadmium absorption in waste water, purified waste water, but soil is also polluted.In recent years, malicious rice event takes place frequently, and the cadmium in rice mainly comes from the available Cd in the soil of rice cultivation.When the Cadmium in Soil content overproof of Rice Cropping, the cadmium of rice absorbing is excessive and finally hoard in rice paddy seed one rice.
Chemical fixation in the method for existing reduction heavy metal-polluted soil, by choosing suitable fixing agent, is converted into the available heavy metal in soil the chemical substance that can not be absorbed and used by plants, thereby reaches the object that reduces soil available heavy metal.Chemical fixation is easy to use, only needs fixing agent to add in soil, to be transformedly can directly cultivate completely, thereby be paid close attention to widely.
In chemical fixation, the selection of fixing agent is crucial.Organic fixing agent easily causes soil pollution, thereby after being added in soil, although can reduce available Cd content, easily soil is caused to secondary pollution.Natural mineral class fixing agent is lower to the fixed rate of heavy metal, generally below 30%.Thereby it is composite to heighten the fixed and repaired effect to available heavy metal in prior art, research emphasis to be concentrated on to multiple fixing agent.But existing composite chemical fixing agent pollutes mainly for the treatment of mild or moderate, process serious pollution soil effect with chemical fixation unsatisfactory.Therefore, working out the environmentally friendly chemical fixatives of processing severe cadmium pollution soil, is current key issue urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of cadmium fixing agent for the treatment of contaminated soil and the treatment process of this soil, to solve the technical problem of cadmium fixing agent to severe contaminated soil poor processing effect in prior art.
For achieving the above object, according to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of cadmium fixing agent for the treatment of contaminated soil is provided, cadmium fixing agent is made up of lime, charcoal and plant organic fertilizer, the add-on of lime is 3.7～4.6% of pending contaminated soil weight, the add-on of charcoal is 2.3～6.9% of pending contaminated soil weight, and the add-on of plant organic fertilizer is 1.0～4.0% of pending contaminated soil weight; In pending contaminated soil, available Cd content is 6～7mg/kg.
Further, the add-on of lime is 4.15～4.6% of pending contaminated soil weight, and the add-on of charcoal is 2.3～4.6% of pending contaminated soil weight, and the add-on of plant organic fertilizer is 3.0～4.0% of pending contaminated soil weight.
Further, the particle diameter of lime and charcoal is all less than 5mm.
The treatment process that a kind of contaminated soil is also provided according to a further aspect in the invention, method comprises the following steps:
1) broken pending contaminated soil;
2) lime and charcoal are added in pending contaminated soil, mix, obtain mixture, soak, stir evenly, standing mixt obtains intermediate;
3) add plant organic fertilizer to intermediate, place and be purified soil; Wherein,
The add-on of lime is 3.7～4.6% of pending contaminated soil weight, and the add-on of charcoal is 2.3～6.9% of pending contaminated soil weight, and the add-on of plant organic fertilizer is 1.0～4.0% of pending contaminated soil weight; In pending contaminated soil, available Cd content is 6～7mg/kg.
Further, the add-on of lime is 4.15～4.6% of pending contaminated soil weight, and the add-on of charcoal is 2.3～4.6% of pending contaminated soil weight, and the add-on of plant organic fertilizer is 3.0～4.0% of pending contaminated soil weight.
Further, time of repose is 1～2 day; Storage period is for being greater than 2 days; Soaking watering amount in step is 30～45% of pending contaminated soil weight.
The treatment process that a kind of contaminated soil is also provided according to a further aspect in the invention, method comprises the following steps:
1) broken pending contaminated soil, obtains organic fertilizer liquid by plant organic fertilizer soaked overnight;
2) lime and charcoal are added in pending contaminated soil and obtain mixture, then organic fertilizer liquid is added in mixture, soak, stir evenly, place and be purified soil;
The add-on of lime is 3.7～4.6% of pending contaminated soil weight, and the add-on of charcoal is 2.3～6.9% of pending contaminated soil weight, and the add-on of plant organic fertilizer is 1.0～4.0% of pending contaminated soil weight; In pending contaminated soil, available Cd content is 6～7mg/kg.
Further, the add-on of lime is 4.15～4.6% of pending contaminated soil weight, and the add-on of charcoal is 2.3～4.6% of pending contaminated soil weight, and the add-on of plant organic fertilizer is 3.0～4.0% of pending contaminated soil weight.
Further, soil grades is 2～5mm.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
Cadmium fixing agent provided by the invention can be reduced to 3.1mg/kg from 6.6mg/kg by available Cd content in contaminated soil.Treated Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils available state content is reduced to the scope that plant can be born, and can select Cd-hyperaccumulator and carry out follow-up reparation.For heavy metal contamination soil remediation provides another kind of optional reparation pattern.
Except object described above, feature and advantage, the present invention also has other object, feature and advantage.Below with reference to figure, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The accompanying drawing that forms the application's a part is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and schematic description and description of the present invention is used for explaining the present invention, does not form inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is that the soil available Cd content-pH of the preferred embodiment of the present invention 1 changes schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is that the soil available Cd content-pH of the preferred embodiment of the present invention 2 changes schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is that the soil available Cd content-pH of the preferred embodiment of the present invention 3 changes schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is that the soil available Cd content-pH of the preferred embodiment of the present invention 4 changes schematic diagram; And
Fig. 5 is that the soil available Cd content-pH of the preferred embodiment of the present invention 5 changes schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are elaborated, but the multitude of different ways that the present invention can be defined by the claims and cover is implemented.
Fixing agent provided by the invention mixes lime, charcoal and plant organic fertilizer to use, and makes the chemical reaction precipitating action of lime performance work in coordination with and play a role with the adsorption of charcoal and the effect of the infertile field of fertilizer.By available Cd content in contaminated soil from keeping in 6～7mg/kg is reduced to 3.1mg/kg soil pH value to remain neutral.
Plant organic fertilizer is take plant as raw material herein, routinely fertilizer zymotechnique by all kinds of plant residues as the material decomposition that is difficult to be decomposed by microorganism in crop material, leaf, weeds, sawdust, vinasse, furfural dregs be the material of the larger molecular organics that is easy to be absorbed by plants, the material obtaining is plant organic fertilizer.Making method can be for when being not limited to: do raw material with plant refuses such as crop material, leaf, weeds, sawdust, vinasse, furfural dregs.First raw material moisture is controlled to 70% left and right, as less in moisture in raw material, water to water and irrigate, guarantee that moisture is suitable.Longer crop material as cornstalk, sorghum rod need pulverize (because of raw material oversize, inconvenience seed dressing and overturning).Every 1000 kilograms of butt raw material waters water the soya-bean cake or the urea that irrigate rear available 5 kilograms of bacterium liquid+1% to be mixed all, is sprinkling upon overturning in raw material and mixes, and then piles wide 2 meters, high 1 meter of bar stack that length is not limit, and builds with plastic cloth.Can reach 50 ℃ of left and right through temperature in 24 hours heaps, within 48 hours, temperature can rise to 70 ℃ of left and right, through continuous high temperature in a few days, heap temperature progressively declines, about two weeks left and right time, the raw material after fermentation all becomes thoroughly decomposed, and worm's ovum, grass-seed and pathogeny bacterium in raw material are killed entirely, stalk overstrike or chocolate, heap body ratio subsides 1/3 or 1/2 while just heap.Raw material after fermentation is flexible by the softness of holding, very crisp when dry, easily broken.Now the fermenting raw materials process such as stalk all completes, and obtains plant organic fertilizer.Handled contaminated soil specifically refers to herein: heavy metal available Cd content is 6～7mg/kg; PH value is 6.5～7.0 soil.Charcoal is to form after common wood is made a fire, and is mainly black wood charcoal.Lime is the unslaked lime of technical grade, and such unslaked lime obtains easy and convenient, cheap, is beneficial to popularization and the use of cadmium fixing agent of the present invention.
The invention provides a kind of contaminated soil cadmium fixing agent is made up of lime, charcoal and plant organic fertilizer, the add-on of lime is 3.7～4.6% of pending contaminated soil weight, the add-on of charcoal is 2.3～6.9% of pending contaminated soil weight, and the add-on of plant organic fertilizer is 1.0～4.0% of pending contaminated soil weight.
Fixing agent is added after pending contaminated soil according to the above ratio, and there is chemical reaction in available Cd in lime and contaminated soil (cadmium that reactive behavior is strong), changes available Cd into cadmium alkali precipitation thing, as cadmium hydroxide, cadmium carbonate etc.The throw out generating is alkalescence, and in the time that available Cd content is higher, a large amount of BS can make soil be alkalescence.Be unfavorable for cultivating plant.Charcoal is that vesicular structure can be adsorbed onto BS charcoal inside.The throw out being adsorbed cannot depart from easily the absorption of charcoal thereby can not impact the acid-basicity of soil.The absorption of charcoal simultaneously cushions the effect of soil acidity or alkalinity in addition.Fertilizer not only has certain adsorption to the available Cd in soil, and can also work in coordination with and play a role with charcoal and lime, soil available Cd content is after treatment reduced, maintain soil for neutral simultaneously, even if outside atmosphere changes and also can keep and fixing available Cd is no longer separated out, prevent because environment conversion causes soil pH value to change.Fertilizer itself can also promote the fertility of soil simultaneously, for follow-up reusing provided convenience.
In preferred fixing agent, the add-on of lime is 4.15～4.6% of pending contaminated soil weight, and the add-on of charcoal is 2.3～4.6% of pending contaminated soil weight, and the add-on of plant organic fertilizer is 3.0～4.0% of pending contaminated soil weight.Add fixing agent in this ratio and can reduce to greatest extent soil available Cd content, maintain soil simultaneously and keep for a long time neutral.More excellent additional proportion is that the add-on of lime in fixing agent is 4.6% of pending contaminated soil weight, and the add-on of charcoal is 2.3% of pending contaminated soil weight, and the add-on of plant organic fertilizer is 4.0% of pending contaminated soil weight.
The particle diameter of soil own is 2～5mm, is preferably 3mm.In order to improve the contact area of lime, charcoal and soil particle in fixing agent, make soil fully contact and react with lime, charcoal, thereby preferably the particle diameter of lime and charcoal is crushed to and is less than 5mm.The two particle diameter approaches, and reaction interface is large, is conducive to react deep generation, can effectively reduce the content of soil available Cd.
In fertilizer, organic content is the content of plant residue and microorganism in fertilizer.In the time that the organic matter of fertilizer is 45%, the now synergy optimum of fertilizer and lime, charcoal.
This fixing agent can add method to add by this area is conventional, the soil after being purified after as lime, charcoal and fertilizer are added in soil in proportion simultaneously, infiltrating, stirring, place.Another aspect of the present invention also provides the using method of two kinds of above-mentioned contaminated soil cadmium fixing agents.
First method comprises the following steps:
1) broken contaminated soil;
2) lime and charcoal are added in contaminated soil, mix, obtain mixture, soak, stir evenly, standing mixt obtains intermediate;
3) add plant organic fertilizer to intermediate, place and be purified soil;
Charcoal and lime are first added in soil.After infiltrating and leaving standstill, first charcoal and the lime of sneaking into soil can react and adsorption with available Cd in wetting soil, make available Cd generation wherein precipitate and be adsorbed.The plant organic fertilizer adding afterwards can further will be fixed for being reacted and adsorbing the available Cd falling on this basis.Can further maintain the pH value of soil simultaneously.In the method, the additional proportion of lime, charcoal and plant organic fertilizer is to add in the ratio of above-mentioned fixing agent.
Use as stated above this cadmium fixing agent can effectively improve the fixed effect of this cadmium fixing agent to soil available Cd.Preferred time of repose is 1～2 day; Storage period is for being greater than 2 days; Soak that in step, watering amount is soil weight 30～45%.Time of repose is shorter, but now the reaction effect of lime and charcoal and available Cd is the strongest, now add fertilizer can more effective propelling Organic Manure on Soil in the processing effect of available Cd.
Be the conventional fixing treatment time storage period, mostly is about one week.
Soak in step in order to improve the reaction efficiency of charcoal and lime and soil, watering amount is soil weight 30～45%.Now bonded to one another between soil particle, sneak into lime between soil particle and charcoal particle under the effect of water-wet, obtain larger wetting angle, reaction interface further strengthens, and is beneficial to the generation of reaction.This watering amount can guarantee the interface wetting effect between soil particle, can prevent from again adding too much water to make wetting interface excess dilution between soil particle, cannot play a role.
The second application method, comprises the following steps:
1) broken contaminated soil, obtains organic fertilizer liquid by plant organic fertilizer soaked overnight;
2) lime and charcoal are added and in soil, obtain mixture, then organic fertilizer liquid is added in mixture, soak, stir evenly, place and be purified soil.
The second application method is first fertilizer soaked overnight to be obtained to organic fertilizer liquid.Fully separate out by the active substance and the composition that soak in fertilizer, in follow-up use procedure, can better reduce the content of the available Cd in soil.First lime and charcoal are added and in soil, obtain mixture, then organic fertilizer liquid is added to mixture, now the available Cd in organic fertilizer liquid and soil reacts, for follow-up add good reaction environment is provided, thereby improve the result of use of fixing agent.Fertilizer adds and in the water that soaks institute's water requirement, carries out soaked overnight and obtain organic rich water.Storage period is herein for being greater than 2 days, about approximately 7 days.In the method, the additional proportion of lime, charcoal and plant organic fertilizer is to add in the ratio of above-mentioned fixing agent.
Embodiment
In following examples, material used is commercially available.Plant organic fertilizer gets means of agricultural production trade Co., Ltd purchased from Jiangsu China, and purchase is particulate state finished product.
Plant organic fertilizer preparation method: do raw material with plant refuses such as crop material, leaf, weeds, sawdust, vinasse, furfural dregs.First raw material moisture is controlled to 70% left and right, as less in moisture in raw material, water to water and irrigate, guarantee that moisture is suitable.Longer crop material as cornstalk, sorghum rod need pulverize (because of raw material oversize, inconvenience seed dressing and overturning).Every 1000 kilograms of butt raw material waters water the soya-bean cake or the urea that irrigate rear available 5 kilograms of bacterium liquid+1% to be mixed all, is sprinkling upon overturning in raw material and mixes, and then piles wide 2 meters, high 1 meter of bar stack that length is not limit, and builds with plastic cloth.Can reach 50 ℃ of left and right through temperature in 24 hours heaps, within 48 hours, temperature can rise to 70 ℃ of left and right, through continuous high temperature in a few days, heap temperature progressively declines, about two weeks left and right time, the raw material after fermentation all becomes thoroughly decomposed, and worm's ovum, grass-seed and pathogeny bacterium in raw material are killed entirely, stalk overstrike or chocolate, heap body ratio subsides 1/3 or 1/2 while just heap.Raw material after fermentation is flexible by the softness of holding, very crisp when dry, easily broken.Now the fermenting raw materials process such as stalk all completes, and obtains plant organic fertilizer.
The bacterial classification used thing starter of making a living in fermentation, purchased from Henan Xin Liyuan agricultural science and technology company limited.
Embodiment 1
By air-dry heavy metal cadmium neutral soil, ground 2mm sieve.Take the lower soil of sieve, take lime by soil weight 4.6%, take particle diameter 3mm wood charcoal powder by soil weight 2.3%, drop into respectively in soil, and mix, obtain mixture.In mixture, drench the water into the volume of mixture weight 35%, vibrate 2 hours, it is fully mixed, infiltrate, place after 2 days, take plant organic fertilizer by soil weight 4% and drop in soil, stir evenly, place 5 days.
Referring to Fig. 1, use the front Cadmium in Soil available state content of cadmium fixing agent, this content is 6.51mg/kg.After use cadmium fixing agent, Cadmium in Soil available state content is 3.13mg/kg.Rise to 6.95 through soil pH value 6.50 before and after processing.Illustrate that fixing agent provided by the invention can effectively reduce the content of available Cd in neutral soil, can maintain the pH value stabilization of soil simultaneously, and soil available Cd content reduction effect is remarkable.
Be 4～5 water through soil being imposed to pH value after fixing, and leave standstill 2 weeks, detection soil available Cd content is 3.09mg/kg.
Embodiment 2
By air-dry heavy metal cadmium neutral soil, ground 3mm sieve.Take the lower soil of sieve, take lime by soil weight 4.6%, take by soil weight 4.60% wood charcoal powder that diameter is 3mm, drop into respectively in soil, and mix, obtain mixture.In mixture, drench the water into the volume of mixture weight 30%, vibrate 2 hours, it is fully mixed, infiltrate, place after 2 days, take plant organic fertilizer by soil weight 3%, drop in soil, stir, place 5 days.
Referring to Fig. 2, use the front Cadmium in Soil available state content of cadmium fixing agent, this content is 6.51mg/kg.After use cadmium fixing agent, Cadmium in Soil available state content is 3.48mg/kg.Rise to 6.78 through soil pH value 6.50 before and after processing.Illustrate that fixing agent provided by the invention can effectively reduce the content of available Cd in neutral soil, can maintain the pH value stabilization of soil simultaneously, and soil available Cd content reduction effect is remarkable.
Be 4～5 water through soil being imposed to pH value after fixing, and leave standstill 2 weeks, detection soil available Cd content is 3.45mg/kg.
Embodiment 3
By air-dry heavy metal cadmium neutral soil, ground 2mm sieve.Take the lower soil of sieve, take lime by soil weight 4.0%, take by soil weight 4.5% wood charcoal powder that diameter is 3mm, drop into respectively in soil, and mix, obtain mixture.In mixture, drench the water into the volume of mixture weight 40%, vibrate 2 hours, it is fully mixed, infiltrate, place after 1 day, take plant organic fertilizer by soil weight 2%, drop in soil, stir, leave standstill 6 days.
Referring to Fig. 3, use the front Cadmium in Soil available state content of cadmium fixing agent, this content is 6.51mg/kg.After use cadmium fixing agent, Cadmium in Soil available state content is 3.39mg/kg.Rise to 6.62 through soil pH value 6.50 before and after processing.Illustrate that fixing agent provided by the invention can effectively reduce the content of available Cd in neutral soil, can maintain the pH value stabilization of soil simultaneously, and soil available Cd content reduction effect is remarkable.
Be 4～5 water through soil being imposed to pH value after fixing, and leave standstill 2 weeks, detection soil available Cd content is 3.34mg/gk.
Embodiment 4
By air-dry heavy metal cadmium neutral soil, ground 2mm sieve.Take the lower soil of sieve, take lime by soil weight 3.7%, take by soil weight 5.58% wood charcoal powder that diameter is 3mm, drop into respectively in soil, and mix, obtain mixture.In mixture, drench the water into the volume of mixture weight 40%, vibrate 2 hours, it is fully mixed, infiltrate, place after 2 days, take plant organic fertilizer by soil weight 1%, drop in soil, stir, place 5 days.
Referring to Fig. 4, use the front Cadmium in Soil available state content of cadmium fixing agent, this content is 6.51mg/kg.After use cadmium fixing agent, Cadmium in Soil available state content is 3.52mg/kg.Rise to 6.53 through soil pH value 6.46 before and after processing.Illustrate that fixing agent provided by the invention can effectively reduce the content of available Cd in neutral soil, can maintain the pH value stabilization of soil simultaneously, and soil available Cd content reduction effect is remarkable.
Be 4～5 water through soil being imposed to pH value after fixing, and leave standstill 2 weeks, detection soil available Cd content is 3.55mg/kg.
Embodiment 5
By air-dry heavy metal cadmium neutral soil, ground 1mm sieve.Take the lower soil of sieve, take lime by soil weight 4.15%, take by soil weight 5.5% wood charcoal powder that diameter is 3mm, drop into respectively in soil, and mix, obtain mixture.In mixture, drench the water into the volume of mixture weight 35%, vibrate 2 hours, it is fully mixed, infiltrate, place after 2 days, take plant organic fertilizer by soil weight 1%, drop in soil, stir, place 5 days.
Referring to Fig. 5, use the front Cadmium in Soil available state content of cadmium fixing agent, this content is 6.51mg/kg.After use cadmium fixing agent, Cadmium in Soil available state content is 3.50mg/kg.Rise to 6.69 through soil pH value 6.46 before and after processing.Illustrate that fixing agent provided by the invention can effectively reduce the content of available Cd in neutral soil, can maintain the pH value stabilization of soil simultaneously, and soil available Cd content reduction effect is remarkable.
Be 4～5 water through soil being imposed to pH value after fixing, and leave standstill 2 weeks, detection soil available Cd content is 3.55mg/kg.
Embodiment 6
By air-dry heavy metal cadmium neutral soil, ground 2mm sieve.Take the lower soil of sieve, take lime by soil weight 4.6%, take by soil weight 2.30% wood charcoal powder that diameter is 3mm, take plant organic fertilizer by soil weight 4%, and fertilizer is spent the night with the distilled water immersion of the volume of mixture weight 45%, drop in soil respectively, and mix, obtain mixture.Vibrate 2 hours, it is fully mixed, infiltrate, leave standstill 5 days.
Use the front Cadmium in Soil available state content of cadmium passivator, this content is 6.51mg/kg.After use cadmium passivator, Cadmium in Soil available state content is 3.13mg/kg.Rise to 7.01 through soil pH value 6.50 before and after processing.Illustrate that passivator provided by the invention can effectively reduce the content of available Cd in neutral soil, can maintain the pH value stabilization of soil simultaneously, and soil available Cd content reduction effect is remarkable.
After transpassivation, soil being imposed to pH value is 4～5 water, and leaves standstill 2 weeks, and detecting soil available Cd content is 3.09mg/kg.
Embodiment 7
By air-dry heavy metal cadmium neutral soil, ground 2mm sieve.Take the lower soil of sieve, take plant organic fertilizer by soil weight 1%, spend the night with the water soaking of soil weight 35%, drop in soil, stir, take lime by soil weight 3.7% again, take by soil weight 5.58% wood charcoal powder that diameter is 3mm, stir, vibrate 2 hours, it is fully mixed, infiltrate, leave standstill 9 days.
Use the front Cadmium in Soil available state content of cadmium passivator, this content is 6.51mg/kg.After use cadmium passivator, Cadmium in Soil available state content is 3.52mg/kg.Rise to 6.53 through soil pH value 6.46 before and after processing.Illustrate that passivator provided by the invention can effectively reduce the content of available Cd in neutral soil, can maintain the pH value stabilization of soil simultaneously, and soil available Cd content reduction effect is remarkable.
After transpassivation, soil being imposed to pH value is 4～5 water, and leaves standstill 2 weeks, and detecting soil available Cd content is 3.55mg/kg.
Embodiment 8
By air-dry heavy metal cadmium neutral soil, ground 1mm sieve.Take the lower soil of sieve, take lime by soil weight 4.6%, take by soil weight 6.90% wood charcoal powder that diameter is 3mm, take plant organic fertilizer by soil weight 2%, drop into respectively in soil, and mix, obtain mixture.In mixture, drench the water into the volume of mixture weight 40%, vibrate 2 hours, it is fully mixed, infiltrate, leave standstill 7 days.
Use the front Cadmium in Soil available state content of cadmium passivator, this content is 6.51mg/kg.After use cadmium passivator, Cadmium in Soil available state content is 3.50mg/kg.Rise to 6.69 through soil pH value 6.46 before and after processing.Illustrate that passivator provided by the invention can effectively reduce the content of available Cd in neutral soil, can maintain the pH value stabilization of soil simultaneously, and soil available Cd content reduction effect is remarkable.
After transpassivation, soil being imposed to pH value is 4～5 water, and leaves standstill 2 weeks, and detecting soil available Cd content is 3.55mg/kg.
Comparative example 1
Be that with the difference of embodiment 1 amount of lime for adding is only 3.6% of soil weight, the add-on of charcoal is soil weight 2.1%, and the add-on of charcoal is soil weight 0.9%.
Cadmium in Soil available state content is 5.68mg/kg after treatment.Rise to 6.86 through soil pH value before and after processing by 6.46.
Be 4～5 water through soil being imposed to pH value after fixing, and leave standstill 2 weeks, detection soil available Cd content rises to 5.73mg/kg.
Comparative example 2
With the difference of embodiment 6 be that the add-on of lime is soil weight 4.8%, the add-on of charcoal is soil weight 7.0%, the add-on of plant organic fertilizer is soil weight 4.2%.
Cadmium in Soil available state content is 2.25mg/kg after treatment.Rise to 12.14 through soil pH value before and after processing by 6.46.
Be 4～5 water through soil being imposed to pH value after fixing, and leave standstill 2 weeks, detection soil available Cd content rises to 3.29mg/kg.
Comparative example 3
Be to replace plant organic fertilizer with humic acids with the difference of embodiment 1, its addition is soil weight 3%.
Cadmium in Soil available state content is 4.33mg/kg after treatment.Be reduced to 6.39 through soil pH value before and after processing by 6.46.
Be 8～9 water through soil being imposed to pH value after fixing, and leave standstill 2 weeks, detection soil available Cd content rises to 4.37mg/kg.
Comparative example 4
Be to replace plant organic fertilizer with straw ash with the difference of embodiment 1, its addition is soil weight 2%.
The available state content of Cadmium in Soil is 4.52mg/kg after treatment.Be increased to 6.55 through soil pH value before and after processing by 6.46.
Be 4～5 water through soil being imposed to pH value after fixing, and leave standstill 2 weeks, detection soil available Cd content rises to 4.55mg/kg.
Therefore in embodiment 1～8, use after fixing agent provided by the invention, the 6.6mg/kg of the available Cd content in optimum embodiment in contaminated soil from experiment is reduced to the 3.1mg/kg after fixing, and the pH value of soil changes to 6.95 from initial 6.50.After soil spray acidity or alkaline water after fixing, the content of soil available Cd is not increased significantly.Illustrate that the soil that adopts fixing agent provided by the invention to process serious pollution can reduce the available Cd content in contaminated soil more than 40%, can keep the pH value of soil after fixing to maintain near neutrality simultaneously.Cadmium fixing agent of the present invention relates generally to chemical precipitation and physical adsorption but descends as the situation of deacidification rain when external environment changes, and ambient conditions changes and causes in situation that chemical reaction condition lost efficacy.Because the available Cd that existing of the effects such as absorption has been fixed in soil can't be deviate from again, pollute, illustrate that fixing agent fixed effect provided by the invention is lasting, can tolerate external environment and change.
Fixing agent cost provided by the invention is low, and consumption is few, in embodiment 1～7 consumption of lime, charcoal and fertilizer be only soil weight 5% in.Raw material is only common commercial lime, charcoal and plant organic fertilizer, these three kinds of medicament wide material sources, and to soil without destruction.After fertilizer adds, also can make the fertility level of soil be improved.Be conducive to the plantation of follow-up super enriching plant.
The maximum difference of embodiment 6～8 relative embodiment 1～5 is that change has occurred the mode that adds of fertilizer, and now soil available Cd content reduction effect is still obvious, and the pH value of soil still can maintain near neutrality after treatment simultaneously.After ambient conditions changes, soil available Cd content still can keep the level after fixing.The addition manner that changes kind of fertilizer is described, still can obtains preferably treatment effect.
From comparative example 1～2, in the time that the add-on of any 2 compositions in lime, charcoal and fertilizer is not in scope provided by the invention, soil after treatment or available Cd too high levels, soil pH is to too high, salting of soil is serious, external environment change after, in soil and fixing available Cd once more raise.Make treated soil cannot obtain 3 kinds of effects simultaneously.From comparative example 3～4, when the materials such as the straw ash with humic acids or after burning replace plant organic fertilizer, and the consumption of humic acids or straw ash is in the preferable range of plant organic fertilizer time, although soil available Cd content can decrease after treatment, but reduction amplitude is less, only can be reduced to 4.33～4.5mg/kg, its fixed effect is far away from cadmium solidifying agent provided by the invention.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the cadmium fixing agent for the treatment of contaminated soil, it is characterized in that, described cadmium fixing agent is made up of lime, charcoal and plant organic fertilizer, the add-on of described lime is 3.7～4.6% of described pending contaminated soil weight, the add-on of described charcoal is 2.3～6.9% of described pending contaminated soil weight, and the add-on of described plant organic fertilizer is 1.0～4.0% of described pending contaminated soil weight; In described pending contaminated soil, available Cd content is 6～7mg/kg.
2. cadmium fixing agent according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the add-on of described lime is 4.15～4.6% of described pending contaminated soil weight, the add-on of described charcoal is 2.3～4.6% of described pending contaminated soil weight, and the add-on of described plant organic fertilizer is 3.0～4.0% of described pending contaminated soil weight.
3. cadmium fixing agent according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the particle diameter of described lime and described charcoal is all less than 5mm.
4. a treatment process for contaminated soil, is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:
1) broken described pending contaminated soil;
2) lime and charcoal are added in described pending contaminated soil, mix, obtain mixture, soak, stir evenly, leave standstill described mixture and obtain intermediate;
3) add plant organic fertilizer to described intermediate, place and be purified soil; Wherein,
The add-on of described lime is 3.7～4.6% of described pending contaminated soil weight, the add-on of described charcoal is 2.3～6.9% of described pending contaminated soil weight, and the add-on of described plant organic fertilizer is 1.0～4.0% of described pending contaminated soil weight;
In described pending contaminated soil, available Cd content is 6～7mg/kg.
5. method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, the add-on of described lime is 4.15～4.6% of described pending contaminated soil weight, the add-on of described charcoal is 2.3～4.6% of described pending contaminated soil weight, and the add-on of described plant organic fertilizer is 3.0～4.0% of described pending contaminated soil weight.
6. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described time of repose is 1～2 day; Described storage period is for being greater than 2 days; It is described that to soak watering amount in step be 30～45% of described pending contaminated soil weight.
7. a treatment process for contaminated soil, is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:
1) broken described pending contaminated soil, obtains organic fertilizer liquid by plant organic fertilizer soaked overnight;
2) lime and charcoal are added in described pending contaminated soil and obtain mixture, more described organic fertilizer liquid is added in described mixture, soak, stir evenly, place and be purified soil; Wherein,
The add-on of described lime is 3.7～4.6% of described pending contaminated soil weight, the add-on of described charcoal is 2.3～6.9% of described pending contaminated soil weight, and the add-on of described plant organic fertilizer is 1.0～4.0% of described pending contaminated soil weight;
In described pending contaminated soil, available Cd content is 6～7mg/kg.
8. the method for stating according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, the add-on of described lime is 4.15～4.6% of described pending contaminated soil weight, the add-on of described charcoal is 2.3～4.6% of described pending contaminated soil weight, and the add-on of described plant organic fertilizer is 3.0～4.0% of described pending contaminated soil weight.
9. according to the method described in any one in claim 4～8, it is characterized in that, described soil grades is 2～5mm.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104190702A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2014-12-10 | 广西地源之本肥业有限公司 | Treatment method for contaminated soil |
| CN104650921A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-05-27 | 湖南有色金属研究院 | Restoration agent for lowering cadmium/lead effective state content in soil, and use method and application thereof |
| CN106010546A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-10-12 | 四川省地质调查院 | Passivant for treating heavy metal cadmium in acidic farmland soil as well as preparation and use methods of passivant |
| CN108752138A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-11-06 | 美丽国土（北京）生态环境工程技术研究院有限公司 | The complex repairation agent administered for heavy metals in farmland cadmium pollution and restorative procedure and application |
| CN108751974A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2018-11-06 | 广州大学 | A method of from fixing cadmium in incineration slag containing cadmium |
| CN108934846A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2018-12-07 | 云南农业大学 | Utilize the method made between S.plumbizincicola and passivator couples reduction corn cadmium content |
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| CN101322974A (en) * | 2008-07-04 | 2008-12-17 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Soil heavy metal passivation agent for vegetable field |
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| CN101322974A (en) * | 2008-07-04 | 2008-12-17 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Soil heavy metal passivation agent for vegetable field |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104190702A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2014-12-10 | 广西地源之本肥业有限公司 | Treatment method for contaminated soil |
| CN104190702B (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2016-08-17 | 广西地源之本肥业有限公司 | A kind of processing method of contaminated soil |
| CN104650921A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-05-27 | 湖南有色金属研究院 | Restoration agent for lowering cadmium/lead effective state content in soil, and use method and application thereof |
| CN104650921B (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2018-02-09 | 湖南有色金属研究院 | It is a kind of to reduce Cadmium in Soil, the renovation agent of lead bio-available Zn concentration and its application method and application |
| CN106010546A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-10-12 | 四川省地质调查院 | Passivant for treating heavy metal cadmium in acidic farmland soil as well as preparation and use methods of passivant |
| CN108752138A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-11-06 | 美丽国土（北京）生态环境工程技术研究院有限公司 | The complex repairation agent administered for heavy metals in farmland cadmium pollution and restorative procedure and application |
| CN108751974A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2018-11-06 | 广州大学 | A method of from fixing cadmium in incineration slag containing cadmium |
| CN108934846A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2018-12-07 | 云南农业大学 | Utilize the method made between S.plumbizincicola and passivator couples reduction corn cadmium content |
| CN109122132A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2019-01-04 | 云南农业大学 | Utilize the method made between teasel root chrysanthemum and passivator couples reduction corn cadmium content |
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