CN103788674A - Reaction type rubber asphalt and preparation method thereof, and emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Reaction type rubber asphalt and preparation method thereof, and emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses reaction type rubber asphalt and a preparation method thereof, and emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt and a preparation method thereof. The reaction type rubber asphalt is formed by mechanically stirring matrix asphalt, a scrap tire rubber block and a reaction auxiliary agent; the emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt is produced by emulsifying the reaction type rubber asphalt, an emulsifying agent and water. According to the reaction type rubber asphalt and the preparation method thereof, and the emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt and the preparation method thereof, the preparation of the reaction type rubber asphalt is from the points of view of energy consumption reduction, production procedure simplification and pavement property optimization and saves the step of processing of rubber powder; the emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt can be widely applied to the pavement layers of a pavement surface, a road surface and a bridge surface and can accelerate the popularization and application of a maintenance process or a thin layer covering process without generating influence on original construction equipment and construction process, such as slurry seal, micro-surfacing, gravel layer sealing equipment and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to response type rubber asphalt and preparation method thereof, emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt and preparation method thereof, belong to the bituminous material production technology of asphalt for the cover of secondary and following standard highway top course, motorway, Class I highway and urban road, concrete bridge asphalt mixture surfacing, prepare at interior ingredient ratio design and the scene that is specially differing materials, production method.
Background technology
1, junked tire and the application in road thereof
At present, junked tire is increasing just with surprising rapidity, annual approximately 9,000,000 tons of the discarded amount of whole world tire, European Union, the U.S., annual nearly 5,000,000 tons of the damaged tires that produce of Japan.Along with the development of China's economy emergence and automotive industry, estimate that China's junked tire quantity in 2013 will reach more than 300,000,000, approximately 1,500 ten thousand tons of gross weights, the utilization of resources of waste tire has become the problem that Chinese Government need to solve.For many years, damaged tire reclaims conventional regeneration thing and is mainly regenerated rubber, is mainly used in rubber, building materials, automotive industry, in agricultural and shoe industry and articles for daily use.Enter 21 century, rubber powder industry is promoted to emerging environmental protection industry from traditional " utilization of waste material, repair the old and utilize scraps ", and rubber powder is produced and is regarded as with high content of technologyly, and market potential is large, has the infant industry of bright prospects.Although China is obtaining preliminary development aspect waste Crumb rubber recycling, utilization ratio is also very low.In addition, in pavement of road is built, rubber asphalt is a kind of well matrix material, has not only guaranteed good pavement performance, also can play the effect of low-carbon environment-friendly simultaneously, has wherein consumed in a large number junked tire, can be described as and turns waste into wealth at present.
But, current rubber asphalt generally adopts 20～60 order rubber powders to carry out modification to matrix pitch, so just need two steps, first by junked tire by low temperature tear, low temperature pulverizes etc., and method is processed as junked tire 20～60 object rubber powders that meet the demands, and then it is carried out to swelling reaction with matrix pitch.So clearly in the course of processing, produced a large amount of power consumptions, especially processing rubber powder itself is exactly an economic benefit that adopts highly energy-consuming, heavily contaminated to bring.
2, the application of emulsified rubber asphalt
Rubber asphalt is used in a large number in hot-mix asphalt mixture is produced, but traditional rubber asphalt all adopts rubber powder to carry out modification to matrix pitch.Certainly, for elasticity and the low-temperature performance of larger performance rubber powder kernel, to in swelling, growth course, keep the granularity of rubber powder particle, be actually so a kind of caving-in bash, exactly because it is believed that traditionally rubber asphalt can only prepare with rubber powder and pitch, can only reach the structure of particle level, so the rubber modified asphalt of this particle level just should not carry out emulsification, be difficult to be mixed with emulsified rubber asphalt.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of response type rubber asphalt and preparation method thereof, emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt and preparation method thereof; Response type rubber asphalt is a kind of response type rubber asphalt of molecular level, can guarantee, on the basis of high temperature performance of asphalt, to increase substantially low-temperature cracking-resistance and the emulsification workability thereof of matrix pitch; Emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt based on response type rubber asphalt, can improve or improve the crack resistance at low-temperature of common emulsified asphalt, the cold mixing cold-application compounds such as micro-table place, slurry seal, crushed stone sealing are widely used in bridge deck pavement, tunnel Covered face of Smooth Slide, airstrip, road surface.
Technical scheme: for achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of response type rubber asphalt, comprises that the mass fraction of following component and each component is:
Matrix pitch: 100 parts;
Damaged tire block rubber: 50～70 parts;
Reaction promoter: 3～4 parts.
Preferably, described reaction promoter is dibenzoyl amido disulphide (DBADPDS).
Preferably, the tyre kind of described damaged tire block rubber is non-engineering truck class radial-ply tyre, the most Chang Bian≤40cm of damaged tire block rubber, natural rubber Han Liang≤30% of damaged tire block rubber, the acetone of damaged tire block rubber is extracted Wu≤22% out, the charcoal of damaged tire block rubber is black in amount≤28%, rubber hydrocarbon content≤42% of damaged tire block rubber.
The preparation method of above-mentioned response type rubber asphalt, comprises the steps:
(a1) processing damaged tire block rubber: adopt cutting facility junked tire to be cut into the damaged tire block rubber that meets production requirement, the fiber cord in junked tire, pierce tap Shu Jun are retained in damaged tire block rubber, do not need to isolate;
(a2) heating matrix pitch: by Asphaltum heating pot, matrix pitch is heated to 220～230 ℃, and holding temperature;
(a3) response type rubber asphalt growth, swelling: the matrix pitch after heating is delivered in reactor by pipeline, then by proportioning, damaged tire block rubber and reaction promoter are joined in reactor, carry out mechanical stirring, wait grow, more than swelling 2.5h, form response type rubber asphalt, be delivered to pitch storage tank by pipeline.
Damaged tire block rubber, reaction promoter and bi tumenf orr oad belong to polymer organic material together, there is similar compatibility characteristic, especially under the effect of reaction promoter, the carbochain of damaged tire block rubber is interrupted, and will there is stronger crosslinked action by chemical bond with matrix pitch, produce the response type rubber asphalt of molecular level.Above-mentioned preparation method, from reducing the angle of power consumption, production sequence simplification, pavement performance optimization, the step of rubber powder processing will be saved, but junked tire is cut into the bulk that is no more than 40cm, then directly by itself and matrix pitch under the effect of reaction promoter, the acting in conjunction that simultaneously stands mechanical energy, chemical energy is machined directly to response type rubber asphalt.
A kind of emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt, comprises that the mass fraction of following component and each component is:
Wherein, matrix pitch, damaged tire block rubber and the reaction of reaction promoter mechanically mixing form response type rubber asphalt.
Preferably, described emulsifying agent is cationic emulsifier or anionic emulsifier.
Preferably, described emulsifying agent splits type emulsifying agent or splits slowly type emulsifying agent in being.
Preferably, described water is to meet the mankind to drink the tap water of requirement.
The preparation method of above-mentioned emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt, comprises the steps:
(b1) reacting by heating type rubber asphalt: reacting by heating type rubber asphalt to 130～140 ℃, and holding temperature;
(b2) heating water: in water pot, add water, be heated to 60～70 ℃, and holding temperature;
(b3) configuration emulsion: by proportioning, emulsifying agent is injected to water pot, form stable emulsion after stirring;
(b4) produce emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt: start equipment for production of emulsified bitumen, by proportioning, response type rubber asphalt and emulsion after heating are sent in colloidal mill, and started emulsification pretreatment, form emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt; In the process of emulsification pretreatment, guarantee the final particle that is less than 5 μ m that forms of reaction promoter and damaged tire block rubber.
Above-mentioned preparation method, has overturned traditional blending process, is that the preparation of the response type rubber asphalt by molecular level carrys out the more remarkable emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt of production performance.So just the common advantage of rubber asphalt and emulsified bitumen can be fully played out in the construction of cold mixing cold-application the face that is applied to, road surface, the bridge floor paving compound mix of structural sheet and the bituminous binder of skin layer cover that can be a large amount of.
Beneficial effect: response type rubber asphalt provided by the invention and preparation method thereof, emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt and preparation method thereof, the preparation of response type pitch, from reducing the angle of power consumption, production sequence simplification, pavement performance optimization, has saved the procedure of processing of rubber powder; Emulsion reaction pitch can be widely used in face, road surface, bridge deck pavement, not only original preparation of construction such as slurry seal, micro-table place, crushed stone sealing car and construction technology are not exerted an influence, more can accelerate the promotion and application of these maintaining process or thin overlay technique simultaneously.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described.
Generally, in two stages, the first stage is, by swelling in matrix pitch medium damaged tire block rubber, growth, separation, to be then mixed with the response type rubber asphalt of the molecular level meeting the demands the technical scheme that this case is taked; Subordinate phase is on conventional emulsified bitumen production technology and equipments, to carry out preparation and the production of emulsified rubber asphalt, without production unit is reequiped, focus on the proportioning of reaction promoter and select, guarantee that itself and emulsifying agent, matrix pitch, damaged tire rubber all have good consistency, and have good compatibleness with gathering materials.
A kind of response type rubber asphalt, comprises that the mass fraction of following component and each component is:
Matrix pitch: 100 parts;
Damaged tire block rubber: 50～70 parts;
Reaction promoter: 3～4 parts.
Described reaction promoter is dibenzoyl amido disulphide (DBADPDS).
The tyre kind of described damaged tire block rubber is non-engineering truck class radial-ply tyre, the most Chang Bian≤40cm of damaged tire block rubber, natural rubber Han Liang≤30% of damaged tire block rubber, the acetone of damaged tire block rubber is extracted Wu≤22% out, the charcoal of damaged tire block rubber is black in amount≤28%, rubber hydrocarbon content≤42% of damaged tire block rubber.
Matrix pitch on motorway, Class I highway adopts A level, B level pitch, and other standard highway matrix pitches can adopt A, B, C level.
A preparation method for above-mentioned response type rubber asphalt, comprises the steps:
(a1) processing damaged tire block rubber: adopt cutting facility junked tire to be cut into the damaged tire block rubber that meets production requirement, the fiber cord in junked tire, pierce tap Shu Jun are retained in damaged tire block rubber, do not need to isolate;
(a2) heating matrix pitch: by Asphaltum heating pot, matrix pitch is heated to 180～195 ℃, and holding temperature;
(a3) response type rubber asphalt growth, swelling: the matrix pitch after heating is delivered in reactor by pipeline, then by proportioning, damaged tire block rubber and reaction promoter are joined in reactor, carry out mechanical stirring, continue to be heated to 220～230 ℃, treat growth, swelling 3h, after fiber cord wherein and pierce tap bundle are isolated from reactor, form response type rubber asphalt, be delivered to pitch storage tank by pipeline; If be cooled to 130～140 ℃ and holding temperature, can directly produce stores as emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt.
A kind of emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt, comprises that the mass fraction of following component and each component is:
Wherein, matrix pitch, damaged tire block rubber and the reaction of reaction promoter mechanically mixing form response type rubber asphalt.
Described emulsifying agent can adopt to split in positively charged ion and in type emulsifying agent, negatively charged ion, split type emulsifying agent or positively charged ion splits type emulsifying agent slowly.
Described water is to meet the mankind to drink the tap water of requirement.
Described reaction promoter can adopt dibenzoyl amido disulphide (DBADPDS).
A preparation method for above-mentioned emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt, comprises the steps:
(b1) reacting by heating type rubber asphalt: reacting by heating type rubber asphalt to 130～140 ℃, and holding temperature;
(b2) heating water: in water pot, add water, be heated to 60～70 ℃, and holding temperature;
(b3) configuration emulsion: by proportioning, emulsifying agent is injected to water pot, form stable emulsion (or being called emulsion, soap lye) after stirring 1～2min;
(b4) produce emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt: start equipment for production of emulsified bitumen, first emulsion is injected after colloidal mill by proportioning, again response type rubber asphalt is injected to colloidal mill and emulsion is sheared jointly, emulsification, after emulsification 2～4min, just become emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt; In the process of emulsification pretreatment, guarantee the final particle that is less than 5 μ m that forms of reaction promoter and damaged tire block rubber.
Embodiment 1: prepare solid content and be 77.4% emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt
The massfraction of required component and each component is:
Preparation process:
First, the matrix pitch in rubber-asphalt reaction kettle is heated to 180～190 ℃; Then the damaged tire block rubber, the reaction promoter that are no more than 40cm are together dropped in reactor, carrying out churned mechanicallyly continuing to be heated to 220～230 ℃ simultaneously, grow, swelling 3h; Finally by the fiber cord in damaged tire with pierce tap bundle from reactor special exports separates, then response type rubber asphalt is transported to rubber asphalt hold-up vessel.Secondly, emulsifying agent is injected in the water of 60～70 ℃, stirs and form emulsion after 1～2 minute; Finally, emulsion is injected after colloidal mill, then the response type rubber asphalt that cools to 130～140 ℃ is injected to colloidal mill and emulsion is sheared jointly, emulsification, after emulsification 2～4min, just become emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt.
Process of the test:
Test according to " highway engineering pitch and Asphalt Mixture Experiment rules " (JTG E20-2011), " standard specification for construction and acceptance of highway asphalt pavement " (JTG F40-2004), " Beijing's waste rubber tyre powder pitch and compound design and construction technical manual " (2006), " micro-table place and Slurry Seal Technology guide " (Int. of Highway Sciences, Ministry of Communications 2006).
Test adopts No. 70 A level pitches of From Huanxiling, emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt solid content (residue after the moisture evaporation in the emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt of preparing accounts for flame-retardant modified emulsified bitumen weight percent) is 77.5%, and test-results is as shown in table 1, table 2 and table 3:
Table 1 matrix pitch performance test results
| Test subject | Technical requirements | Detected result | Test method |
| Penetration degree (25 ℃, 100g, 5s) (0.1mm) | 60-80 | 75 | T0604 |
| Ductility (10 ℃) is not less than (cm) | 15 | >100 | T0605 |
| Softening temperature (ring and ball method) be not less than (℃) | 46 | 48.0 | T0606 |
Table 2 response type rubber asphalt detected result
Table 3 emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt performance test results
Example 2: prepare solid content and be 73.5% emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt
The massfraction of required component and each component is:
Preparation process:
First, the matrix pitch in rubber-asphalt reaction kettle is heated to 180～190 ℃; Then the damaged tire block rubber, the reaction promoter that are no more than 40cm are together dropped in reactor, carrying out churned mechanicallyly continuing to be heated to 220～230 ℃ simultaneously, grow, swelling 3h; Finally by the fiber cord in damaged tire with pierce tap bundle from reactor special exports separates, then response type rubber asphalt is transported to rubber asphalt hold-up vessel.Secondly, emulsifying agent is injected in the water of 60～70 ℃, stirs and form emulsion after 1～2 minute; Finally, emulsion is injected after colloidal mill, then the response type rubber asphalt that cools to 130～140 ℃ is injected to colloidal mill and emulsion is sheared jointly, emulsification, after emulsification 2～4min, just become emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt.
Process of the test:
Test according to " highway engineering pitch and Asphalt Mixture Experiment rules " (JTG E20-2011), " standard specification for construction and acceptance of highway asphalt pavement " (JTG F40-2004), " Beijing's waste rubber tyre powder pitch and compound design and construction technical manual " (2006), " micro-table place and Slurry Seal Technology guide " (Int. of Highway Sciences, Ministry of Communications 2006).
Test adopts No. 70 A level pitches of blue refining, emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt solid content (residue after the moisture evaporation in the emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt of preparing accounts for flame-retardant modified emulsified bitumen weight percent) is 73.5%, and test-results is as shown in table 4, table 5 and table 6:
Table 4 matrix pitch performance test results
| Test subject | Technical requirements | Detected result | Test method |
| Penetration degree (25 ℃, 100g, 5s) (0.1mm) | 60-80 | 75 | T0604 |
| Ductility (10 ℃) is not less than (cm) | 15 | >100 | T0605 |
| Softening temperature (ring and ball method) be not less than (℃) | 46 | 48.0 | T0606 |
Table 5 response type rubber asphalt detected result
Table 6 emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt performance test results
Example 3: prepare solid content and be 63.7% emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt
The massfraction of required component and each component is:
Preparation process:
First, the matrix pitch in rubber-asphalt reaction kettle is heated to 180～190 ℃; Then the damaged tire block rubber, the reaction promoter that are no more than 40cm are together dropped in reactor, carrying out churned mechanicallyly continuing to be heated to 220～230 ℃ simultaneously, grow, swelling 3h; Finally by the fiber cord in damaged tire with pierce tap bundle from reactor special exports separates, then response type rubber asphalt is transported to rubber asphalt hold-up vessel.Secondly, emulsifying agent is injected in the water of 60～70 ℃, stirs and form emulsion after 1～2 minute; Finally, emulsion is injected after colloidal mill, then the response type rubber asphalt that cools to 130～140 ℃ is injected to colloidal mill and emulsion is sheared jointly, emulsification, after emulsification 2～4min, just become emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt.
Process of the test:
Test according to " highway engineering pitch and Asphalt Mixture Experiment rules " (JTG E20-2011), " standard specification for construction and acceptance of highway asphalt pavement " (JTG F40-2004), " Beijing's waste rubber tyre powder pitch and compound design and construction technical manual " (2006), " micro-table place and Slurry Seal Technology guide " (Int. of Highway Sciences, Ministry of Communications 2006).
Test adopts No. 70 A level pitches of From Huanxiling, emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt solid content (residue after the moisture evaporation in the emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt of preparing accounts for flame-retardant modified emulsified bitumen weight percent) is 63.7%, and test-results is as shown in table 7, table 8 and table 9:
Table 7 matrix pitch performance test results
| Test subject | Technical requirements | Detected result | Test method |
| Penetration degree (25 ℃, 100g, 5s) (0.1mm) | 60-80 | 68 | T0604 |
| Ductility (10 ℃) is not less than (cm) | 15 | >100 | T0605 |
| Softening temperature (ring and ball method) be not less than (℃) | 46 | 52.0 | T0606 |
Table 8 response type rubber asphalt detected result
Table 9 emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt performance test results
| Test item | Technical indicator | Detected result | Test method |
| Residual content on sieve (%) | ≤0.1 | —— | T?0652 |
| Electric charge | Positively charged ion (+) | —— | T?0653 |
| Normal viscosity C25,3 (s) | 8-25 | —— | T?0621 |
| Evaporation residue content (%) | ≥50.0 | 63.7 | T?0651 |
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; be noted that for those skilled in the art; under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. response type rubber asphalt, is characterized in that: the mass fraction that comprises following component and each component is:
Matrix pitch: 100 parts;
Damaged tire block rubber: 50～70 parts;
Reaction promoter: 3～4 parts.
2. response type rubber asphalt according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described reaction promoter is dibenzoyl amido disulphide.
3. response type rubber asphalt according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the tyre kind of described damaged tire block rubber is non-engineering truck class radial-ply tyre, the most Chang Bian≤40cm of damaged tire block rubber, natural rubber Han Liang≤30% of damaged tire block rubber, the acetone of damaged tire block rubber is extracted Wu≤22% out, the charcoal of damaged tire block rubber is black in amount≤28%, rubber hydrocarbon content≤42% of damaged tire block rubber.
4. the preparation method of response type rubber asphalt, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
(a1) processing damaged tire block rubber: adopt cutting facility junked tire to be cut into the damaged tire block rubber that meets production requirement, the fiber cord in junked tire, pierce tap Shu Jun are retained in damaged tire block rubber, do not need to isolate;
(a2) heating matrix pitch: by Asphaltum heating pot, matrix pitch is heated to 220～230 ℃, and holding temperature;
(a3) response type rubber asphalt growth, swelling: the matrix pitch after heating is delivered in reactor by pipeline, then by proportioning, damaged tire block rubber and reaction promoter are joined in reactor, carry out mechanical stirring, wait grow, more than swelling 2.5h, form response type rubber asphalt, be delivered to pitch storage tank by pipeline.
5. emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt, is characterized in that: the mass fraction that comprises following component and each component is:
Wherein, matrix pitch, damaged tire block rubber and the reaction of reaction promoter mechanically mixing form response type rubber asphalt.
6. emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described emulsifying agent is cationic emulsifier or anionic emulsifier.
7. emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described emulsifying agent splits type emulsifying agent or splits slowly type emulsifying agent in being.
8. emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described water is to meet the mankind to drink the tap water of requirement.
9. the preparation method of emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
(b1) reacting by heating type rubber asphalt: reacting by heating type rubber asphalt to 130～140 ℃, and holding temperature;
(b2) heating water: in water pot, add water, be heated to 60～70 ℃, and holding temperature;
(b3) configuration emulsion: by proportioning, emulsifying agent is injected to water pot, form stable emulsion after stirring;
(b4) produce emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt: start equipment for production of emulsified bitumen, by proportioning, response type rubber asphalt and emulsion after heating are sent in colloidal mill, and started emulsification pretreatment, form emulsion reaction type rubber asphalt; In the process of emulsification pretreatment, guarantee the final particle that is less than 5 μ m that forms of reaction promoter and damaged tire block rubber.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1130385A (en) * | 1966-11-11 | 1968-10-16 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Improvements in bituminous compositions |
| CN1052125A (en) * | 1990-12-15 | 1991-06-12 | 孙鹏恭 | Rapid desulfurization method for waste rubber strips |
| CN1280144A (en) * | 1999-07-09 | 2001-01-17 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | Rubber pitch modifier and its preparing method |
| CN102249599A (en) * | 2011-05-05 | 2011-11-23 | 刘廷国 | Method for preparing rubber asphalt by using discarding tire rubber block |
| CN103265817A (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2013-08-28 | 东南大学 | Method for preparing flame-retardant rubber modified emulsified asphalt |
-
2014
- 2014-02-17 CN CN201410052357.4A patent/CN103788674A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1130385A (en) * | 1966-11-11 | 1968-10-16 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Improvements in bituminous compositions |
| CN1052125A (en) * | 1990-12-15 | 1991-06-12 | 孙鹏恭 | Rapid desulfurization method for waste rubber strips |
| CN1280144A (en) * | 1999-07-09 | 2001-01-17 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | Rubber pitch modifier and its preparing method |
| CN102249599A (en) * | 2011-05-05 | 2011-11-23 | 刘廷国 | Method for preparing rubber asphalt by using discarding tire rubber block |
| CN103265817A (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2013-08-28 | 东南大学 | Method for preparing flame-retardant rubber modified emulsified asphalt |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 刘桂洋等: "节能型橡胶沥青的生产工艺研究", 《公路交通科技 应用技术版》 * |
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Application publication date: 20140514 |