CN103788617B - Polycarbonate/natural-fiber composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Polycarbonate/natural-fiber composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of polycarbonate/natural-fiber composite material and preparation method thereof, described preparation method is: put into loading hopper by after the mixing of the graft copolymer of the natural fiber of the polycarbonate of 55 ~ 90 weight parts, 5 ~ 40 weight parts and 5 ~ 10 weight parts, extrude after adopting twin screw extruder to carry out melting mixing, obtain polycarbonate/natural-fiber composite material.In present method, natural fiber source extensively and environmental protection, and price is cheaper, can reduce the cost of polycarbonate material, and cost is lower compared with typical glass fiber reinforced polycarbonate material; Adopt alkaline purification carry out modification to natural fiber or add graft copolymer to improve the consistency of polycarbonate and natural fiber, the preparation process of polycarbonate/natural-fiber composite material is simple, does not increase specific installation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the preparation field of polymer modification and high-performance polymer material, be specifically related to a kind of polycarbonate/natural-fiber composite material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Polycarbonate (PC) is the polymkeric substance containing carbonate group in a kind of molecular chain, can be regarded as the polycondensation product by dihydroxy compound and carbonic acid, the polycarbonate of convenience goods is the bisphenol A polycarbonate of main chain with benzene ring structure, is one of the most frequently used engineering plastics.Because submissive chain carbonic ester existing in PC macromolecular chain structure has again the benzene ring structure of rigidity, it is made to have excellent shock strength, resisting heat distortion performance, and good weatherability, hardness are high, have superior electric property simultaneously concurrently, and be widely used in power tool and other industry.Along with the progress of industry, the range of application of polycarbonate is more and more wider, not only instead of traditional unorganic glass at building material industry to a certain extent with its obvious technical feature advantage, and in automobile industry, its usage ratio reaches 40 ~ 50%, because it has outstanding various performances, polycarbonate even also has very large application potential in high-tech areas such as medical treatment and aviation fields.Along with the development of science and technology, the application and development of polycarbonate, also gradually to compound, high function, customizations, seriation future development, has been proposed the special trades mark of multiple product such as CD, automobile, office equipment, casing, packaging, medicine, illumination, film.
But polycarbonate also has the deficiency in performance, as fatigue resistance and rub resistance poor, more easily occur stress cracking, and it is very responsive to breach, simultaneously it also has the same shortcoming of other resins, is subject to some organic solvent and corrodes.In order to improve these shortcomings, improve its mechanical property simultaneously, can be applied in production practice better, some scholars propose, suitably can improve the molecular weight of polycarbonate or optimize the technique of its injection molding and aftertreatment, more people thinks and to strengthen polycarbonate or toughness reinforcingly can reach desired effect better.As the strongthener of PC, mainly select glass fibre, also can use carbon fiber, various whisker, talcum, mica, glass microballon, milled fiber, glass flake etc.Because the excellent character such as glass fibre itself has good insulating, thermotolerance is strong, erosion resistance good, physical strength is high, reinforced polycarbonate is carried out by adding glass fibre, performance after enhancing has had larger raising, comprise: high temperature performance, water-absorbent, resistance to cracking, resistance to creep and fatigue strength, surface hardness and electrical property, dimensional stability etc., molding shrinkage and water-intake rate reduce simultaneously, more can meet the needs of industry.Although polycarbonate/glass fiber matrix material has the advantage in a lot of performance, adding of glass fibre also makes the processing characteristics of polycarbonate reduce, and increases the wearing and tearing of processor in the course of processing, adds tooling cost; Meanwhile, the interface cohesion of glass fibre and polycarbonate is poor, and mechanical strength particularly shock resistance is desirable not enough; In addition, the anti-stress cracking ability of polycarbonate/glass fiber matrix material injection product need to improve.
Therefore the present invention considers to adopt a kind of novel polycarbonate toughener, can reach glass fiber-reinforced effect, can improve again the deficiency of original technology.Natural plant fibre is a kind of important strongthener, has the example of successful Application in other polymer materials.But in polycarbonate system because natural fiber water content is high, surface tissue is complicated, with the reason such as polycarbonate poor compatibility, not yet have the precedent of application.The present invention wishes by carrying out surface modification to natural fiber, and utilizes increasing reaction method not enough to improve these, to preparing high performance polycarbonate/natural-fiber composite material.
Natural fiber is primarily of compositions such as Mierocrystalline cellulose (Cellulose), xylogen (Lignin), hemicellulose (Hemi-cellulose), pectin (Pectin), wax (Wax) and mineral substance.Mierocrystalline cellulose is most important component in natural fiber.Mierocrystalline cellulose is the macromolecular polysaccharide that D-Glucose forms with β-Isosorbide-5-Nitrae glycosidic link, and the polymerization degree is about 10000.Each repeating unit has three hydroxyls, and this also determines the strong absorptive of natural fiber.
Natural fiber is the thick walled hollow structure be made up of cell walls.Cell walls can be divided into primary wall (PrimaryWall) and secondary wall (SecondaryWall), the former outside, the latter is interior.Primary wall is secreted by protoplastis in cell growth process to be formed, and pectin is its main component.Secondary wall strengthens xylogen and hemicellulose by the cellulose microfibril of eccentric pattern and forms, be usually divided into interior, in, outer three layers, wherein the helix angle (Spiralangle) of the relative thickness of every one deck, micro-fibril is all not identical.Middle layer relative thickness is maximum, accounts for 70%, its helix angle (relative to fibre axis to) general within 20 °.Therefore, natural fiber is inherently a kind of is reinforcement with cellulose microfibril, and xylogen and hemicellulose are the matrix material of matrix.
The adhesive property of resin and fiber determines the mechanical property of matrix material to a great extent.Natural fiber has strongly hydrophilic, and between hydrophobic resin, interface performance is poor, usually needs the interface performance being improved natural fiber reinforced composite by Fiber strength.At present, the method for modification is divided into physical modification method and chemical modification method two kinds, and different method of modifying produces different effects.
Physical method does not change the chemical constitution of fiber, change be structure and the surface property of fiber.Physical modification method comprises mechanically modifying (stretching, calendering, blending etc.), thermal treatment, Low Temperature Plasma Treating and alkaline purification etc.Alkaline purification is a kind of ancient method for modifying fibers, has been widely used in the surface treatment of natural fiber at present.Alkaline purification can dissolve pectin in natural fiber and the low molecule such as partial lignin, hemilignin impurity, micro-fibril is arranged looser and along Impact direction orientation.
Chemical modification method, mainly through introducing third phase--coupling agent, changes the chemical constitution of fiber surface, reaches the object improving fiber and basal body interface adhesive property.Coupling agent plays a role mainly through following several mechanism: (1) eliminates weak interface layer; (2) compliant interface is formed; (3) high cross-linking interface is produced; (4) resin wetting capacity is improved; (5) covalent linkage is generated between the two phases; (6) acidity of fiber surface is changed.In a word, the mechanism of action of coupling agent is a very complicated problem, must consider that comprising chemical bond is coupled at other interior factors, as surface energy, wettability and interface topography etc.Organosilane is a kind of conventional coupling agent, is often used as the linking agent of glass fibre reinforced composion.Meanwhile, it also can improve natural fiber reinforced composite interface, improves its boundary strength.Its action principle is: on the one hand, and the hydroxyl of the silanol that silane hydrolyzate generates and natural fiber reacts, and decreases the hydroxy number of fiber surface; On the other hand, the functional group that other functional group of silane is corresponding to matrix again reacts, thus makes to be tied with chemical bond between fiber and matrix, reaches the object improving interface performance.Adding graft copolymer is another effective surface of natural fibers chemical modification method, and this method can make fiber and form covalent linkage or ion coordination complex bonds between matrix and coupling agent, thus improves interfacial bond property.
The present invention, on prior art basis, for the feature of polycarbonate system, proposes the modification of natural fiber and prepares high performance polycarbonate/natural-fiber composite material at polymeric system by the method for graft copolymer increase-volume.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of polycarbonate/natural-fiber composite material and preparation method thereof, be characterized in the enhancement utilizing natural fiber, improve mechanical strength and the modulus of polycarbonate composite material; In addition as the natural fiber of toughener, by surface treatment to improve the interface bond strength of itself and polycarbonate resin, thus the mechanical property of Makrolon/modified natural-fiber composite material and processing fluidity are further improved; In preparation process, the graft copolymer introduced with reactive functional groups improves the interface bond strength of natural fiber and polycarbonate further; Utilize the advantage of twin screw extruder melting mixing, adopt twin screw extruder to prepare polycarbonate/natural-fiber composite material under high temperature fused state.
In order to reach above-mentioned technique effect, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
A kind of preparation method of polycarbonate/natural-fiber composite material, loading hopper is put into by after the mixing of the graft copolymer of the natural fiber of the polycarbonate of 55 ~ 90 weight parts, 5 ~ 40 weight parts and 5 ~ 10 weight parts, extrude after adopting twin screw extruder to carry out melting mixing, obtain polycarbonate/natural-fiber composite material.
In order to improve the consistency between polycarbonate and natural fiber better, surface of natural fibers carries out modification, be specially and natural fiber is carried out alkaline purification, concrete operations soak 4 ~ 8h for natural fiber being placed in alkali lye, then be placed in vacuum drying oven to dry, then be cut into the long staple fibre of 3 ~ 6mm.
Further technical scheme is: described polycarbonate is bisphenol A polycarbonate, water white transparency pellet, and average weight-molecular mass is 2.5 ~ 4.3 ten thousand, and density is 1.20g/cm
3, after dry, water-intake rate is lower than 0.02%.
Further technical scheme is: described natural fiber is at least one in sisal fibers, jute fibre and flax fiber, and primary diameter is 5 ~ 100 μm, and fiber original length is 0.2 ~ 4m, and after dry, water ratio is lower than 0.05%.
Further technical scheme is: described alkali lye is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution, and the massfraction of alkali lye is 5 ~ 25%.
Further technical scheme is: described graft copolymer can be the one in maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAH-g-PE), maleic anhydride inoculated polypropylene (MAH-g-PP), glycidyl methacrylate graft polypropylene (GMA-g-PP), glycidyl methacrylate graft ethylene-octene copolymer (GMA-g-POE) and acrylic acid-grafted polypropylene (MA-g-PP).
Further technical scheme is: the barrel of described twin screw extruder and head temperature are set as 260 ~ 290 DEG C, and screw speed is 60 ~ 300 revs/min, and forcing machine output is 1.5 ~ 15 kgs/hr.
A kind of polycarbonate/natural-fiber composite material, the preparation method described in employing is prepared from.
Present invention also offers a kind of preparation method of polycarbonate/natural-fiber composite material, natural fiber is carried out the natural fiber that alkaline purification obtains modification, loading hopper is put into after being mixed with the natural fiber of the modification of 5 ~ 40 parts by the polycarbonate of 60 ~ 95 parts, extrude after adopting twin screw extruder to carry out melting mixing, obtain polycarbonate/natural-fiber composite material.
In above-mentioned preparation method, described natural fiber carries out alkaline purification, and concrete operations soak 4 ~ 8h for natural fiber being placed in alkali lye, and being then placed in vacuum drying oven dries, then are cut into the long staple fibre of 3 ~ 6mm.
Further technical scheme is: described polycarbonate is bisphenol A polycarbonate, water white transparency pellet, and average weight-molecular mass is 2.5 ~ 4.3 ten thousand, and density is 1.20g/cm
3, after dry, water-intake rate is lower than 0.02%.
Further technical scheme is: described natural fiber is at least one in sisal fibers, jute fibre and flax fiber, and primary diameter is 5 ~ 100 μm, and fiber original length is 0.2 ~ 4m, and after dry, water ratio is lower than 0.05%.
Further technical scheme is: described alkali lye is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution, and the massfraction of alkali lye is 5 ~ 25%.
Further technical scheme is: the barrel of described twin screw extruder and head temperature are set as 260 ~ 290 DEG C, and screw speed is 60 ~ 300 revs/min, and forcing machine output is 1.5 ~ 15 kgs/hr.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following beneficial effect:
(1) natural fiber source extensively and environmental protection, and price is cheaper, can reduce the cost of polycarbonate material, and cost is lower compared with typical glass fiber reinforced polycarbonate material;
(2) adopt alkaline purification carry out modification to natural fiber or add graft copolymer to improve the consistency of polycarbonate and natural fiber, the preparation process of polycarbonate/natural-fiber composite material is simple, does not increase specific installation;
(3) mechanical property of polycarbonate/natural-fiber composite material is balanced;
(4) mobility of polycarbonate/natural-fiber composite material is excellent, can meet the requirement of injection molding thin wall parts;
(5) the anti-stress cracking ability of polycarbonate/natural-fiber composite material significantly improves, and injection product does not produce cracking phenomena substantially.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiments of the invention, the invention will be further elaborated.
Embodiment 1
Polycarbonate in vacuum drying oven, at 120 DEG C dry 8 hours; Jute fibre 100g soaks 8 hours in 1000ml alkaline purification liquid (NaOH5%), and then take out the jute fibre after process in vacuum drying oven, at 120 DEG C, drying 48 hours, is cut into the staple fibre that 3 ~ 6mm is long.Loading hopper is put into by after 400g polycarbonate and the mixing of 100g modification jute fibre, melting mixing is carried out by homodromy parallel twin screw extruder, the barrel of twin screw extruder and head temperature are set as 260 ~ 290 DEG C, screw speed is 100 revs/min, forcing machine output is 3.2 kgs/hr, after mixing, extrude slivering in machine head port mould, pelletizing after cooling, obtains Makrolon/modified jute fibre matrix material.
Embodiment 2
Polycarbonate in vacuum drying oven, at 120 DEG C dry 8 hours; Jute fibre 100g soaks 8 hours in 1000ml alkaline purification liquid (NaOH25%), and then take out the jute fibre after process in vacuum drying oven, at 120 DEG C, drying 48 hours, is cut into the staple fibre that 3 ~ 6mm is long.Loading hopper is put into by after 400g polycarbonate and the mixing of 100g modification jute fibre, melting mixing is carried out by homodromy parallel twin screw extruder, the barrel of twin screw extruder and head temperature are set as 260 ~ 290 DEG C, screw speed is 100 revs/min, forcing machine output is 3.2 kgs/hr, after mixing, extrude slivering in machine head port mould, pelletizing after cooling, obtains Makrolon/modified jute fibre matrix material.
Embodiment 3
Polycarbonate in vacuum drying oven, at 120 DEG C dry 8 hours; Sisal fibers 100g soaks 8 hours in 1000ml alkaline purification liquid (NaOH25%), and then take out the sisal fibers after process in vacuum drying oven, at 120 DEG C, drying 48 hours, is cut into the staple fibre that 3 ~ 6mm is long.Loading hopper is put into by after 400g polycarbonate and the mixing of 100g modification sisal fibers, melting mixing is carried out by homodromy parallel twin screw extruder, the barrel of twin screw extruder and head temperature are set as 260 ~ 290 DEG C, screw speed is 100 revs/min, forcing machine output is 3.2 kgs/hr, after mixing, extrude slivering in machine head port mould, pelletizing after cooling, obtains Makrolon/modified sisal fibers matrix material.
Embodiment 4
Polycarbonate in vacuum drying oven, at 120 DEG C dry 8 hours; Jute fibre at 120 DEG C dry 48 hours, is cut into the staple fibre that 3 ~ 6mm is long.Loading hopper is put into after 375g polycarbonate, 100g jute fibre and 25g maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene being mixed, melting mixing is carried out by homodromy parallel twin screw extruder, the barrel of twin screw extruder and head temperature are set as 260 ~ 290 DEG C, screw speed is 100 revs/min, forcing machine output is 3.2 kgs/hr, after mixing, extrude slivering in machine head port mould, pelletizing after cooling, obtains Makrolon/modified jute fibre matrix material.
Embodiment 5
Polycarbonate in vacuum drying oven, at 120 DEG C dry 8 hours; Jute fibre at 120 DEG C dry 48 hours, is cut into the staple fibre that 3 ~ 6mm is long.Loading hopper is put into after 350g polycarbonate, 100g jute fibre and 50g maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene being mixed, melting mixing is carried out by homodromy parallel twin screw extruder, the barrel of twin screw extruder and head temperature are set as 260 ~ 290 DEG C, screw speed is 100 revs/min, forcing machine output is 3.2 kgs/hr, after mixing, extrude slivering in machine head port mould, pelletizing after cooling, obtains Makrolon/modified jute fibre matrix material.
Embodiment 6
Polycarbonate in vacuum drying oven, at 120 DEG C dry 8 hours; Jute fibre 100g soaks 8 hours in 1000ml alkaline purification liquid (NaOH25%), and then take out the jute fibre after process in vacuum drying oven, at 120 DEG C, drying 48 hours, is cut into the staple fibre that 3 ~ 6mm is long.Loading hopper is put into after 350g polycarbonate, 100g modification jute fibre and 50g maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene being mixed, melting mixing is carried out by homodromy parallel twin screw extruder, the barrel of twin screw extruder and head temperature are set as 260 ~ 290 DEG C, screw speed is 100 revs/min, forcing machine output is 3.2 kgs/hr, after mixing, extrude slivering in machine head port mould, pelletizing after cooling, obtains Makrolon/modified jute fibre matrix material.
Embodiment 7
Polycarbonate in vacuum drying oven, at 120 DEG C dry 8 hours; Jute fibre 100g soaks 8 hours in 1000ml alkaline purification liquid (NaOH25%), and then take out the jute fibre after process in vacuum drying oven, at 120 DEG C, drying 48 hours, is cut into the staple fibre that 3 ~ 6mm is long.Loading hopper is put into after 350g polycarbonate, 100g modification jute fibre and 50g glycidyl methacrylate graft ethylene-octene copolymer (GMA-g-POE) being mixed, melting mixing is carried out by homodromy parallel twin screw extruder, the barrel of twin screw extruder and head temperature are set as 260 ~ 290 DEG C, screw speed is 100 revs/min, forcing machine output is 3.2 kgs/hr, slivering is extruded in machine head port mould after mixing, pelletizing after cooling, obtains Makrolon/modified jute fibre matrix material.
Embodiment 8
Polycarbonate in vacuum drying oven, at 120 DEG C dry 8 hours; Jute fibre 100g soaks 8 hours in 1000ml alkaline purification liquid (NaOH25%), and then take out the jute fibre after process in vacuum drying oven, at 120 DEG C, drying 48 hours, is cut into the staple fibre that 3 ~ 6mm is long.Loading hopper is put into after 300g polycarbonate, 150g modification jute fibre and 50g maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene being mixed, melting mixing is carried out by homodromy parallel twin screw extruder, the barrel of twin screw extruder and head temperature are set as 260 ~ 290 DEG C, screw speed is 100 revs/min, forcing machine output is 3.2 kgs/hr, after mixing, extrude slivering in machine head port mould, pelletizing after cooling, obtains Makrolon/modified jute fibre matrix material.
The salient features of Makrolon/modified natural-fiber composite material is tested by the following method:
(1) tensile property: adopt universal testing machine, test, draw speed 50mm/min according to ASTMD638 standard, often organizes sample and at least tests 6 times, and average;
(2) crooked experiment: adopt universal testing machine, test according to ASTMD790 standard, often organizes sample and at least tests 6 times, and average;
(3) notch shock performance test: notched impact specimen batten, according to the preparation of GB/T1843 regulation, adopts Chalpy impact experimental machine, tests according to ASTMD-256 standard, often organizes sample and at least tests 6 times, and average;
(4) melt flow rate (MFR): by dried Makrolon/modified natural-fiber composite material at 300 DEG C on Melt Flow Rate Measurer, by its melt flow rate (MFR) of GB/T3682-2000 standard test;
(5) stress cracking test: by Makrolon/modified natural-fiber composite material injection molding, injecting product design diameter is the circular hole of 6mm.Injection product was soaked for 10 seconds in glacial acetic acid, observes Near Circular Hole In A and whether occur crackle.
The salient features of the polycarbonate/natural-fiber composite material prepared by above-described embodiment sees the following form 1, lists the performance of pure polycarbonate to make comparisons in table.
Table 1: the Performance comparision of polycarbonate/natural-fiber composite material and pure polycarbonate
Although with reference to explanatory embodiment of the present invention, invention has been described here, above-described embodiment is only the present invention's preferably embodiment, embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments, should be appreciated that, those skilled in the art can design a lot of other amendment and embodiment, these amendments and embodiment will drop within spirit disclosed in the present application and spirit.
Claims (3)
1. the preparation method of polycarbonate/natural-fiber composite material, it is characterized in that putting into loading hopper by after the mixing of the graft copolymer of the natural fiber of the polycarbonate of 55 ~ 90 weight parts, 5 ~ 40 weight parts and 5 ~ 10 weight parts, extrude after adopting twin screw extruder to carry out melting mixing, obtain polycarbonate/natural-fiber composite material; Described natural fiber carries out alkaline purification, concrete operations soak 4 ~ 8h for natural fiber being placed in alkali lye, and being then placed in vacuum drying oven dries, then are cut into the long staple fibre of 3 ~ 6mm, described alkali lye is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution, and the massfraction of alkali lye is 5 ~ 25%; Described polycarbonate is bisphenol A polycarbonate, water white transparency pellet, and average weight-molecular mass is 2.5 ~ 4.3 ten thousand, and density is 1.20g/cm
3, after dry, water-intake rate is lower than 0.02%; Described graft copolymer is the one in maleic anhydride inoculated polypropylene, glycidyl methacrylate graft ethylene-octene copolymer and acrylic acid-grafted polypropylene; Described natural fiber is at least one in sisal fibers, jute fibre and flax fiber, and primary diameter is 5 ~ 100 μm, and fiber original length is 0.2 ~ 4m, and after dry, water ratio is lower than 0.05%.
2. the preparation method of polycarbonate/natural-fiber composite material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that barrel and the head temperature of described twin screw extruder are set as 260 ~ 290 DEG C, screw speed is 60 ~ 300 revs/min, and forcing machine output is 1.5 ~ 15 kgs/hr.
3. polycarbonate/natural-fiber composite material, is characterized in that adopting the preparation method described in any one of claim 1 ~ 2 to be prepared from.
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| CN108329709A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-07-27 | 合肥达户电线电缆科技有限公司 | A kind of natural fiber environmental protection composite material and preparation method |
| CN108948713A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2018-12-07 | 宏佩（上海）建筑科技有限公司 | A kind of antibacterial PC master batch and preparation method thereof |
| CN112662158A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-16 | 吉林华碳科技发展有限公司 | Carbon dioxide copolymer modified material injection blow molding film and preparation method thereof |
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