CN103787800A - Method for preparing ammonium nitrate composite explosive by using organic waste - Google Patents
Method for preparing ammonium nitrate composite explosive by using organic waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN103787800A CN103787800A CN201410039441.2A CN201410039441A CN103787800A CN 103787800 A CN103787800 A CN 103787800A CN 201410039441 A CN201410039441 A CN 201410039441A CN 103787800 A CN103787800 A CN 103787800A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing an ammonium nitrate composite explosive by using organic waste. The method comprises the following steps: (1) adding a water-soluble organic matter and urea to an ammonium nitrate solution so as to prepare ammonium nitrate mixed liquid; (2) preparing the ammonium nitrate composite explosive by using the ammonium nitrate mixed liquid. The method has the characteristics that the water-soluble organic matter unlikely to vaporize is used as a comburent of the ammonium nitrate composite explosive and is fully dispersed and in contact with the water-soluble organic matter and ammonium nitrate to the maximum degree, so that explosive property is excellent; the production process of the ammonium nitrate composite explosive can be combined with the ammonium nitrate production process, the production technology is simple and safe, energy sources are saved, and the investment is saved. As the added organic matter plays a role of burning, all the organic matters which are water-soluble and difficult to vaporize can be utilized, therefore, numerous industrial waste and byproducts can be used as production raw materials, the production cost is reduced, the resources can be recycled, and the purpose of saving the resources is achieved; organic water pollution, particularly raw materials which are sensitive to wastewater treatment strains and even are poisonous and harmful can be treated, and environments are protected.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing organic waste to prepare ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition, belong to technical field prepared by civil detonation product.
Background technology
Ammoniumnitrate explosives is explosive mixture, is one of most widely used industrial explosive kind, has intermediate yield and certain susceptibility.What industrial application was the widest at present is ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture and bulking ammonium nitrate explosive.
Ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture is the simple mixtures explosive of ammonium nitrate and oil fuel, also claims ammonium nitrate-oil fuel explosive.Ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture raw material sources are abundant, with low cost, easy to manufacture, and operational safety is easy to use.But the degree of scatter of oil fuel and ammonium nitrate has determined that blast performance is not ideal enough.
The explosive that bulking ammonium nitrate explosive is made after referring to add composite oil phase and wood powder to mix after ammonium nitrate is expanded with tensio-active agent.Bulking ammonium nitrate explosive blast performance is good, is the main industrial explosive of China, but the complex manufacturing of bulking ammonium nitrate explosive, and owing to need to adding special surfactant and oil-bearing material, production cost is high.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is for above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of production technique simple, and what blast performance was good utilizes organic waste to prepare the method for ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition.
For realizing above-mentioned technical purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of method of utilizing organic waste to prepare ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition, and its step comprises:
(1), in ammonium nitrate solution, add water soluble organic substance and urea, be prepared into the mixed liquid of ammonium nitrate, add organic amount to calculate according to oxygen balance principle, make mass percent 89-93%, the mixed liquid of ammonium nitrate of temperature 110-145 ℃;
(2), mixed ammonium nitrate liquid is made to ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition.
As the preferred technical scheme of the present invention, in step (2), adopt spray pulverization legal system for ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition, spiral pump liquor charging, selects air flow type jet nozzle by mixed ammonium nitrate liquid ejection, and inlet temperature is selected 80-120 ℃.
As the preferred technical scheme of the present invention, in step (2), adopt saturated crystallization legal system for ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition, in crystallisation vessel, add 20 ℃ of saturated mixed solutions that prepare, described saturated mixed solution refers to all saturated mixing solutionss of ammonium nitrate and organism, add-on is the 1/3-2/3 of crystallisation vessel, keep stirring, water cooling circulation, continued to add the ammonium nitrate mixed solution of high quality per-cent high-temperature by volume pump control, make crystallisation vessel solution temperature be controlled at all the time 20 ℃, while reaching crystallisation vessel maximum capacity or agitator motor during to value, stop feeding in raw material, and stir again 3-16 minute, dehydration, solution can reuse after reclaiming, after wet stock is dry, make ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition.
As the preferred technical scheme of the present invention, in step (2), adopt vacuum crystallization legal system for ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition, the mixed liquid of ammonium nitrate is sprayed in vacuum cyrsytalliser by pressure nozzle by volume pump, crystallizer vacuum tightness requires 0.088MPa-0.096MPa, collect the ammonium nitrate particle in crystallizer, further evaporation moisture content, makes ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition.
As the preferred technical scheme of the present invention, described organism is water-soluble, do not react with ammonium nitrate, vaporization temperature is higher than the organism of 145 ℃, and described organism is selected from following material: the by product of the black liquid of PH neutrality, ammonium lignosulphonate, sodium lignosulfonate, production pyromellitic acid anhydride, produce waste material, technical grade sucrose, alkanamine, oil of mirbane, the phenolate of pyromellitic acid anhydride.
As the preferred technical scheme of the present invention, while adopting saturated crystallization legal system for ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition, described organism is water-soluble, the organism not reacting with ammonium nitrate.Adopt saturated crystallization legal system for ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition, because can add separately organism, organism vaporization temperature is not limited.
The present invention uses the organism of water-soluble and difficult vaporization as the combustionmaterial of ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition, water-soluble organism is to exist in solution with micella state simultaneously, can farthest fully disperse to contact with ammonium nitrate, degree of scatter is better than emulsion explosive, for ammonium nitrate explosive, point or focus using gas as sensitization, fuel thing contacts with the much degree of ammonium nitrate directly affects detonation property, so the method adopting is to avoid fractional condensation as far as possible, obtain nano level ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition, make blast performance outstanding; And the production process of ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition can merge with ammonium nitrate production process, production technique is simple, safety, saves the energy, saves investment.Because the organism adding plays fuel effect; as long as water-soluble, be not just vaporized and can utilize, so can utilize numerous wastes from a factory, by product to be used as raw materials for production; resource can obtain regeneration on the one hand; protection of the environment, economizes on resources, and reduces production costs; can process on the other hand organic water pollutent; make industrial explosive take on SafeClean Utilities, particularly can process the even poisonous and hazardous material of sewage disposal bacterial classification sensitivity, play the effect of protection of the environment.
For prilled ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition, because be granular, in blast hole projectile filling, there are a lot of facilities.The working system of existing particulate porous ammonium nitrate: major part is very high prilling tower, also there is employing ebullated bed, also there are two kinds of combinations, but all add octadecylamine (in order that prevent moisture absorption caking, addition is at 0.02%-0.1%), ultimate principle is to adopt high temperature to make water in half boiling state, form a large amount of micro gasifications, from eminence wine, form drop with rotating disk spray, drop is cooling forming on the one hand, on the other hand self latent heat evaporation moisture drying.So the comminution granulation of present patent application is produced prilled ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition, the solubleness that requires the raw material one using to have, two thermostabilitys that had.The raw material that we select is all broadly tensio-active agent, useful to stablizing micro gasification.The raw material of selecting has sulfomethylated lignin acid amide, sodium lignosulfonate, and by product, the waste material of the pyromellitic acid anhydride of process ammonium processing, technical grade sucrose, addition is determined by explosive oxygen balance principle.Processing parameter is constant, is only the adjustment of formula.The explosive that this patent is produced, no matter the ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture of comparing, be that ammonium nitrate and organism disperse exposure level, or Costco Wholesale has very large advantage.
The various explosives that this patent is produced can use with other explosive fusion collocation, and the one, can be cost-saving to greatest extent, mean that cost is larger because explosive energy is higher, can complete demolition duty.The 2nd, can propelling machinery blast hole projectile filling, and then realize whole information.
embodiment
embodiment 1
This utilizes organic waste to prepare the method for ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition, and its step comprises:
(1), in ammonium nitrate solution, adding pH value is neutral black liquid and urea, be prepared into the mixed liquid of ammonium nitrate, add organic amount to calculate according to oxygen balance principle, the add-on of urea is 1% of ammonium nitrate weight, make mass percent 91%, the mixed liquid of ammonium nitrate that temperature is 140 ℃;
(2), adopt spray pulverization legal system for ammonium nitrate particle, spiral pump liquor charging, selects air flow type jet nozzle by mixed ammonium nitrate liquid ejection, inlet temperature is selected 100 ℃.
Adopt spray pulverization, under the effect of tensio-active agent, the ammonium nitrate outside that is dispersed into droplet is the nonpolar group of organic molecule, plays hydrophobic effect on the one hand, prevents that ammonium nitrate from, because of the tiny rapid moisture absorption of particle, also stoping contact and then the caking of ammonium nitrate particle on the other hand.Becoming in droplet, the pressure of conveying reduces suddenly, due to the whipability of organic surface active agent, ammonium nitrate solution have one expanded, the passage that the water molecules of rapid evaporation forms is simultaneously also expanded, causes ammonium nitrate crystallization disproportionation autosensibilization.Due to the instantaneous increase of specific surface area, the speed of evaporation is instantaneous increase also, avoids fractional condensation, ammonium nitrate and organism uniform contact, and exposure level will reach nano level, can form nano level ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition.
embodiment 2
This utilizes organic waste to prepare the method for ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition, and its step comprises:
(1), in ammonium nitrate solution, add ammonium lignosulphonate and urea, be prepared into the mixed liquid of ammonium nitrate, add organic amount to calculate according to oxygen balance principle, the add-on of urea is 1.5% of ammonium nitrate weight, make mass percent 89%, the mixed liquid of ammonium nitrate that temperature is 120 ℃;
(2), adopt spray pulverization legal system for ammonium nitrate particle, spiral pump liquor charging, selects air flow type jet nozzle by mixed ammonium nitrate liquid ejection, inlet temperature is selected 80 ℃.
embodiment 3
This utilizes organic waste to prepare the method for ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition, and its step comprises:
(1), in ammonium nitrate solution, add ammonium lignosulphonate and urea, be prepared into the mixed liquid of ammonium nitrate, add organic amount to calculate according to oxygen balance principle, the add-on of urea is 2% of ammonium nitrate weight, make mass percent 93%, the mixed liquid of ammonium nitrate that temperature is 145 ℃;
(2), adopt spray pulverization legal system for ammonium nitrate particle, spiral pump liquor charging, selects air flow type jet nozzle by mixed ammonium nitrate liquid ejection, inlet temperature is selected 100 ℃.
embodiment 4
(1), in ammonium nitrate solution, add by product and the urea of producing pyromellitic acid anhydride, be prepared into the mixed liquid of ammonium nitrate, add organic amount to calculate according to oxygen balance principle, the add-on of urea is 1% of ammonium nitrate weight, make mass percent 90%, the mixed liquid of ammonium nitrate that temperature is 130 ℃; In the by product of production pyromellitic acid anhydride, mainly contain alkyl acid anhydrides, alkyl-carbonyl acid anhydrides, trimellitic acid 1,2-anhydride, phthalic anhydride, cis-butenedioic anhydride etc.;
(2), adopt saturated crystallization legal system for ammonium nitrate particle, in crystallisation vessel, add 20 ℃ of saturated mixed solutions that prepare, described saturated mixed solution refers to all saturated mixing solutionss of ammonium nitrate and organism, add-on is that 1/3 of crystallisation vessel keeps stirring, water cooling circulation, continued to add the ammonium nitrate mixed solution of high quality per-cent high-temperature by volume pump control, make crystallisation vessel solution temperature be controlled at all the time 20 ℃, while reaching crystallisation vessel maximum capacity, stop feeding in raw material, and stir again 3 minutes, dehydration, solution can reuse after reclaiming, after wet stock is dry, make ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition.
According to the solubleness principle of solution, constantly add the ammonium nitrate mixed solution of high quality per-cent high-temperature, because temperature reduces, solute, by crystallization, is constantly stirred by solution, constantly the impact of dilution, ammonium nitrate particle encounter jointing machine can reduce, and hinders again ammonium nitrate particle agglomerating under Action of Surfactant.Along with constantly carrying out of adding, degree of supersaturation increases, and ammonium nitrate particle encounter chance is higher, will collide combination, particle is agglomerating, crystallization is also emitted energy, and it is stable that system becomes, but under organic surface active agent effect, be subject to continuous stirring, ammonium nitrate xln outside surface adsorb organic compound molecule, nonpolar group is blocked again ammonium nitrate particle outwardly and is engaged, and can obtain so even ultrafine powder of fine powder.Equally, the organism adding in proportion, except engaging with ammonium nitrate, mass percent increases, and degree of supersaturation increases self also crystallization.Thereby guarantee like this uniform contact and the exposure level of organism and ammonium nitrate.That controls ammonium nitrate mixed solution well adds speed and add-on, obtains even ultrafine powder of fine powder.
embodiment 5
The present embodiment step is substantially the same manner as Example 4, and its difference is that the organism adding is to produce the waste material of pyromellitic acid anhydride, and in step (2), saturated mixed solution add-on is crystallisation vessel 2/3, stop reinforced after churning time be 16 minutes.
embodiment 6
The present embodiment step is substantially the same manner as Example 4, and its difference is that the organism adding is sucrose and sodium lignosulfonate, and its ratio is wt1:1, and in step (2), saturated mixed solution add-on is crystallisation vessel 1/2, stop reinforced after churning time be 10 minutes.
embodiment 7
This utilizes organic waste to prepare the method for ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition, and its step comprises:
(1), in ammonium nitrate solution, add PH to be adjusted to neutral black liquid and urea, be prepared into the mixed liquid of ammonium nitrate, add organic amount to calculate according to oxygen balance principle, the add-on of urea is 2% of ammonium nitrate weight, make mass percent 90%, the mixed liquid of ammonium nitrate that temperature is 130 ℃;
(2), adopt vacuum crystallization legal system for ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition, the mixed liquid of ammonium nitrate is sprayed in vacuum cyrsytalliser by pressure nozzle by volume pump, and crystallizer vacuum tightness requires 0.096MPa, collects the ammonium nitrate particle in crystallizer, further evaporation moisture content, makes ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition.
First under heat-insulation vacuum condition, be atomized into while dripping, ammonium nitrate solution boiling point declines, and solution self potential carries out self-evaporatint n., and solution quality per-cent is improved and temperature reduction, so solution enters hypersaturated state, cause rapid crystallization, in crystallization process, solution degree of supersaturation declines, and follow release heat of crystallization, impel again solution evaporation to carry out, solution, in constantly constantly generation crystallization of evaporation, finally utilizes heat of crystallization to evaporate whole moisture content completely and obtains dry thing like this.The temperature of solution is more high is more beneficial to evaporation, and vacuum tightness more high evaporation crystallization is also faster.Being atomized into while dripping, due to the instantaneous increase of specific surface area, solution flash, moisture rapid evaporation forms water molecules passage, under Action of Surfactant, ammonium nitrate crystallization disproportionation, expanded.Fractional condensation is also avoided in flash distillation simultaneously, is keeping ammonium nitrate and organic uniform contact degree.While being formed with the bulk xln of certain intensity of controlling oneself; particle surface is subject to Action of Surfactant nonpolar group outwardly; stop ammonium nitrate grain contact moisture absorption, caking; particle dissolves each other because crystallization stops particle simultaneously; guarantee the uniform contact degree of organism and ammonium nitrate, made pyrotechnic composition have good blast performance.
embodiment 8
The present embodiment step is substantially the same manner as Example 7, and its difference is that in step (2), crystallizer vacuum tightness requires 0.088MPa.
embodiment 9
The present embodiment step is substantially the same manner as Example 7, and its difference is that in step (2), crystallizer vacuum tightness requires 0.091MPa.
embodiment 10
The present embodiment step is substantially the same manner as Example 4, and its difference is that the organism adding is oil of mirbane, and in step (2), saturated mixed solution add-on is crystallisation vessel 2/3, stop reinforced after churning time be 16 minutes.
embodiment 11
The present embodiment step is substantially the same manner as Example 4, and its difference is that the organism adding is phenolate, and in step (2), saturated mixed solution add-on is crystallisation vessel 1/2, stop reinforced after churning time be 10 minutes.
Experimental result: to above-mentioned 9 embodiment sampling, dress up respectively the paper roll of diameter 32mm, carry out respectively explosion velocity and gap distance detection according to the regulation of the 6th chapter in GB/T13228-91 " Detonation Velocity for Industrial Explosives measuring method " and GB/T12438-1990 " industrial powdered an-tnt explosive test method ", before detecting, carry out charge density detection, measuring result sees the following form 1.
Table 1
| Sample | Charge density (g/cm 3） | Explosion velocity (m/s) | Gap distance (cm) |
| Embodiment 1 | 0.93 | 3476 | 5 |
| Embodiment 2 | 0.92 | 3454 | 5 |
| Embodiment 3 | 0.92 | 3380 | 5 |
| Embodiment 4 | 1.03 | 3522 | 5 |
| Embodiment 5 | 1.01 | 3504 | 5 |
| Embodiment 6 | 1.02 | 3498 | 5 |
| Embodiment 7 | 0.94 | 3454 | 4 |
| Embodiment 8 | 0.93 | 3426 | 4 |
| Embodiment 9 | 0.92 | 3375 | 4 |
| Embodiment 10 | 0.95 | 3445 | 4 |
| Embodiment 11 | 0.96 | 3480 | 4 |
| Ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture | 0.9 | 3151 | 4 |
| Bulking ammonium nitrate explosive | 0.90 | 3587 | 5 |
Wherein ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture, bulking ammonium nitrate explosive are all purchased from the emerging extraordinary Chemical Co., Ltd. far away of Sichuan Province's Mianzhu.
Can find out, the ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition explosion velocity that the inventive method makes will, higher than common ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture, approach the level of common bulking ammonium nitrate explosive substantially, but manufacturing cost is far below common bulking ammonium nitrate explosive.
Claims (7)
1. utilize organic waste to prepare a method for ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition, its step comprises:
(1), in ammonium nitrate solution, add water soluble organic substance and urea, be prepared into the mixed liquid of ammonium nitrate, add organic amount to calculate according to oxygen balance principle, make mass percent 89-93%, the mixed liquid of ammonium nitrate of temperature 110-145 ℃;
(2), mixed ammonium nitrate liquid is made to ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition.
2. the method for utilizing organic waste to prepare ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
In step (2), adopt spray pulverization legal system for ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition, spiral pump liquor charging, selects air flow type jet nozzle by mixed ammonium nitrate liquid ejection, and inlet temperature is selected 80-120 ℃.
3. the method for utilizing organic waste to prepare ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
In step (2), adopt saturated crystallization legal system for ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition, in crystallisation vessel, add 20 ℃ of saturated mixed solutions that prepare, described saturated mixed solution refers to all saturated mixing solutionss of ammonium nitrate and organism, add-on is the 1/3-2/3 of crystallisation vessel, keep stirring, water cooling circulation, continued to add the ammonium nitrate mixed solution of high quality per-cent high-temperature by volume pump control, make crystallisation vessel solution temperature be controlled at all the time 20 ℃, while reaching crystallisation vessel maximum capacity or agitator motor during to value, stop feeding in raw material, and stir again 3-16 minute, dehydration, solution can reuse after reclaiming, after wet stock is dry, make ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition.
4. the method for utilizing organic waste to prepare ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
In step (2), adopt vacuum crystallization legal system for ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition, the mixed liquid of ammonium nitrate is sprayed in vacuum cyrsytalliser by pressure nozzle by volume pump, crystallizer vacuum tightness requires 0.088MPa-0.096MPa, collect the ammonium nitrate particle in crystallizer, further evaporation moisture content, makes ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition.
5. prepare the method for ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition according to the organic waste that utilizes described in claim 1,2,4, it is characterized in that: described organism is water-soluble, do not react with ammonium nitrate, vaporization temperature is higher than the organism of 145 ℃.
6. the preparation method of ammoniumnitrate explosives according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described organism is selected from following material: the by product of the black liquid of PH neutrality, ammonium lignosulphonate, sodium lignosulfonate, production pyromellitic acid anhydride, produce waste material, technical grade sucrose, alkanamine, oil of mirbane, the phenolate of pyromellitic acid anhydride.
7. the method for utilizing organic waste to prepare ammonium nitrate pyrotechnic composition according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described organism is water-soluble, the organism not reacting with ammonium nitrate.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104787868A (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2015-07-22 | 郭伟 | Treatment method for emissions from production of pyromellitic dianhydride through air gas-phase oxidation method |
| CN111056887A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-24 | 青海海西东诺化工有限公司 | Method for producing emulsion explosive by recycling explosive production wastewater |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103396278A (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2013-11-20 | 新疆天河化工有限公司 | Expanded ammonium nitrate explosive produced by use of trinitrotoluene wastewater and production method thereof |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103396278A (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2013-11-20 | 新疆天河化工有限公司 | Expanded ammonium nitrate explosive produced by use of trinitrotoluene wastewater and production method thereof |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104787868A (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2015-07-22 | 郭伟 | Treatment method for emissions from production of pyromellitic dianhydride through air gas-phase oxidation method |
| CN111056887A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-24 | 青海海西东诺化工有限公司 | Method for producing emulsion explosive by recycling explosive production wastewater |
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