CN103782191A - Interferometric scanning system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an interferometric scanning system (1000) for scanning an object (1) with electromagnetic waves, the object (1) having a longitudinal axis (A) defining an axis of a coordinate system having a first, second, third and fourth quadrant (I, II, III, IV). The system comprises a first antenna assembly (301) comprising a first antenna block (201) comprising at least one antenna line comprising at least one transmitter element (101) for transmitting electromagnetic waves as a transmission signal (103), the first antenna block (201) arranged in the first quadrant (I), and a second antenna block (202) comprising at least one antenna line comprising only receiver elements (102) for receiving reflections of the transmitted electromagnetic waves from the object (1) as reception signals (105), the second antenna block (202) arranged in the second quadrant (II) next to the first quadrant (I). The system (1000) further comprises a second antenna assembly (302) comprising a third antenna block (203) comprising at least one antenna line comprising at least one transmitter element (101) for transmitting electromagnetic waves as a transmission signal (103), the third antenna block (203) arranged in the third quadrant (III), and a fourth antenna block (204) comprising at least one antenna line comprising only receiver elements (102) for receiving reflections of the transmitted electromagnetic waves from the object (1) as reception signals (105), the fourth antenna block (204) arranged in the fourth quadrant (IV) next to the third quadrant (III). The system (1000) further comprising at least one signal processing unit (100) for processing baseband signal (105a, 105b) down-converted from the reception signals (105) using an interferometric method comprising determining at least one phase difference ([Delta]phi1) between specific receiver elements (102).

Description

Interferometry scanning system and method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of interferometry scanning system and method for utilizing electromagnetic wave to scan object, particularly, at 1GHz in the scope of 10THz, preferably, at 30GHz for example, to (, millimeter wave or sub-millimeter wave) between 300GHz.Particularly, this system and method can provide object images (for example, 3D rendering) extraly.The invention further relates to a kind of computer program and a kind of for implementing the computer-readable non-volatile media of the method.

Background technology

For example, can be entrance security sweep instrument according to scanning system of the present invention.This entrance security sweep instrument is widely used in public places, and for example, airport, to detect whether be concealed with any suspicious object objects such as people.Particularly, now, due to the increase of the amount of security threat, this entrance scanner necessitates in the application of the public place such as such as airport.For example, by frequency of utilization modulated continuous wave (FMCW) technology, the degree of depth (depth) is resolved or by adopting reflector antenna battle array that electromagnetic wave is focused on points different in space the image that this entrance security sweep instrument can formation object (people).These two kinds of technology are all restricted in the time extracting object (3D) image.

For example, for FMCW technology, need very high bandwidth to realize accurate depth resolution.The standard depth accuracy △ R of FMCW system is defined as follows:

$\mathrm{\&Delta;R}=\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="c"\; filenames="HDA0000475655800000101.png,HDA0000475655800000113.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">c</figure-callout>}}{2\&times;\mathrm{BW}}$

Wherein, c is the speed of light, and BW is the bandwidth of FMCW signal transmission or waveform.Just for example, for realizing accuracy or the resolution of the 1cm degree of depth, need the bandwidth of 15GHz.It is challenging that this larger bandwidth realizes lower frequency (for example, 35GHz), and the use of higher frequency (for example, being more than or equal to 140GHz) make scanning system or entrance security sweep instrument very expensive.

For example, for using such as US6, the disclosed reflector antenna battle array of 965,340B1 technology, need to carry out very meticulous electron scanning by wave beam being focused on the multiple meticulous voxel (fine voxel) in space.Conventionally, this loses time and causes capture time longer very much, thereby causes the image of low frame per second.

US7,583,221B2 discloses and has a kind ofly comprised that at least one transmits and receives the equipment of system, and this equipment utilizes millimeter wave that tested object is shown in succession and receives scattering wave along the periphery of described tested object.This equipment further comprises the analytic system that generates tested object image from receiving ripple.Each emitting antenna that transmits and receives system and receiving antenna be oriented to the receive direction of checking direction and receiving antenna that makes emitting antenna with the overturning angle of 15 ° to 70 ° in the major axis of tested object.Analytic system is used pulsed radar or fmcw radar concept to analyze the radiation being scattered on the long axis direction of tested object, and SAR concept is for to the analysis perpendicular to major axis.The system of transmitting and receiving can have the extra receiving equipment of being with the offset antenna that is useful on scattered field, so that scattered field information is carried out to interferometry analysis.At US7, in the embodiment shown in 583,221B2, the system that transmits and receives is rotated around fixing test object, thereby it has millimeter wave along its periphery and in succession illustrates.Another proposes that replacement scheme can comprise the single whole periphery of antenna arrangement at tested object that transmit and receive in antenna array.

The problem of this system is owing to rotating around object.Scanning slow (sweep time is long).A problem of this system can also be its hardware complexity and become thus expensive.The problem of this system may be also the high probability that does not obtain any signal due to receiver, so it is high to have the probability of stain (obliterated data) in image.The other problems of this system may be the fact about the hidden object of different depth layer is detected, and it can not be analyzed the object of multilayer depth layer.

Summary of the invention

The object of this invention is to provide scanning system and method that one has low-complexity (having more thus cost benefit) and/or faster or shorter sweep time.Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of computer program and for implementing the computer-readable Volatile media of the method.

According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of interferometry scanning system for utilizing electromagnetic wave to scan object, this object has major axis, and major axis definition has first, second, third and an axle of the coordinate system of fourth quadrant.This system comprises first day line component, first day line component comprises the first antenna block and the second antenna block, the first antenna block comprises at least one antenna traces, this at least one antenna traces comprises at least one transmitter components as signal transmission for emitting electromagnetic wave, and the first antenna block is arranged in first quartile; And the second antenna block comprises at least one antenna traces, this at least one antenna traces only comprises that the second antenna block is arranged in first quartile the second quadrant for receiving the electromagnetic receiver element reflecting as reception signal from the transmitting of object.This system comprises the second antenna module, the second antenna module comprises third antenna piece and the 4th antenna block, third antenna piece comprises at least one antenna traces, this at least one antenna traces comprises at least one transmitter components as signal transmission for emitting electromagnetic wave, and third antenna piece is arranged in third quadrant; And the 4th antenna block comprises at least one antenna traces, this at least one antenna traces only comprises that the 4th antenna block is arranged in the fourth quadrant of third quadrant for receiving the electromagnetic receiver element reflecting as reception signal from the transmitting of object.This system further comprises at least one signal processing unit, this at least one signal processing unit is for using interferometric method to processing from the baseband signal that receives signal down conversion, and interferometric method comprises at least one between specific receiver element differed and determined.

According to a further aspect in the invention, provide a kind of interferometry scan method for utilizing electromagnetic wave to scan object, this object has major axis, and major axis definition has first, second, third and an axle of the coordinate system of fourth quadrant.The method comprises that by the first antenna block emitting electromagnetic wave, as signal transmission, the first antenna block comprises at least one antenna traces with at least one transmitter components, and the first antenna block is arranged in first quartile; And receive the electromagnetic reflection conduct reception signal from the transmitting of object by the second antenna block, the second antenna block comprises at least one antenna traces, this at least one antenna traces only comprises receiver element, and the second antenna block is arranged in the second quadrant of first quartile.The method further comprises that by third antenna piece emitting electromagnetic wave, as signal transmission, third antenna piece comprises at least one antenna traces, and this at least one antenna traces comprises at least one transmitter components, and third antenna piece is arranged in third quadrant; And receive the electromagnetic reflection conduct reception signal from the transmitting of object by the 4th antenna block, the 4th antenna block comprises at least one antenna traces, this at least one antenna traces only comprises receiver element, and the 4th antenna block is arranged in the fourth quadrant of third quadrant.The method further comprises and uses interferometric method to processing from the baseband signal that receives signal down conversion, and interferometric method comprises at least one between specific receiver element differed and determined.

According to a further aspect in the invention, provide a kind of for utilizing electromagnetic wave to scan object and for interferometry scanning and the imaging system of object images are provided.This system comprises first day line component, first day line component comprises the first antenna block and the second antenna block, the first antenna block comprises at least one antenna traces, and this at least one antenna traces comprises at least one transmitter components as signal transmission for emitting electromagnetic wave; And the second antenna block comprises at least one antenna traces, this at least one antenna traces comprises at least three receiver elements that receive signal from the electromagnetic reflection conduct of object transmitting for receiving.At least one transmitter components of an antenna traces and the receiver element of a respective antenna circuit form a sweep trace.This system further comprises at least one signal processing unit, this at least one signal processing unit is for using interferometric method to processing from the baseband signal that receives signal down conversion, interferometric method comprises to be determined at least three important receiver elements for each sweep trace, and the main signal part that receives signal is received in these at least three important receiver elements; And for each sweep trace that wherein important receiver element is determined, determine that first between at least the first pair of important receiver element differs second differing between second pair of important receiver element.This at least one signal processor is further configured to use at least the first to differ with second and differ object images is provided.

According on the other hand, provide a kind of for utilizing electromagnetic wave to scan object and for interferometry scanning and the formation method of object images are provided.The method comprises that by the first antenna block emitting electromagnetic wave, as signal transmission, the first antenna block comprises at least one antenna traces, and this at least one antenna traces comprises at least one transmitter components; And receive the electromagnetic reflection conduct reception signal from the transmitting of object by the second antenna block, the second antenna block comprises at least one antenna traces, and this at least one antenna traces comprises at least three receiver elements.At least one transmitter components of an antenna traces and the receiver element of a respective antenna circuit form a sweep trace.The method further comprises that use interferometric method is to processing from the baseband signal that receives signal down conversion, and interference scan method comprises at least three important receiver elements that are identified for each sweep trace; And for each sweep trace that wherein important receiver element is determined, first between definite at least the first pair of important receiver element differs with second of second pair of important receiver element and differs.The method further comprises that use at least the first differs with second and differs object images is provided.

Still according to more another aspects, a kind of computer program comprises program component, when this timer is used for carrying out described computer program on computers, make computing machine carry out the step of in the method according to this invention, and computer-readable non-volatile media has storage instruction thereon, in the time carrying out instruction on computers, instruction causes computing machine to be carried out according to the step of in method provided by the invention.

In dependent claims, define the preferred embodiment of the present invention.Should be understood that, the method for asking, the computer program of asking and the computer-readable non-volatile media of asking have with institute Request System with to the similar and/or identical preferred implementation defining in dependent claims.In addition, should be understood that, the scanning of asking and imaging system have with asked scanning system with to the similar and/or identical embodiment defining in dependent claims.

The present invention is based on the theory that the scanning system with the concrete antenna traces layout that more short scan time and/or less antenna element are provided is provided, the good and/or complete image of object is also provided simultaneously.First day line component comprises the first antenna block (having at least one transmitter components) and the second antenna block (only have receiver element, there is no thus transmitter components).Equally, the second antenna module also comprises third antenna piece (having at least one transmitter components) and the 4th antenna block (only have receiver element, there is no thus transmitter components).Antenna block is distributed in four quadrants.First day line component and the second antenna module " not at same position ", that is, first day line component and the second antenna module be arranged in object opposite side (such as, front and rear).So, the front to object and rear are scanned effectively.For example, use the transmitter components of the first antenna block to scan (front scan) to the front of object, and use third antenna piece to scan (back scan) to the rear of object.Therefore, be used for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic at least two (more than one) antenna modules.With the use of cost longer time round or compare around the system of the machinery rotation of the antenna of object, the present invention provides sweep time faster thus.With on whole object circumference, use the system of antenna to compare, the present invention requires the antenna element of lesser number thus conventionally.In addition, because antenna block can be spaced apart with enough distances with object, so the present invention can provide more spaces for object.With use round or around the system of the machinery rotation of the antenna of object or use the system of antenna to compare on whole object circumference, wherein, antenna need to be arranged to very little radius to realize sweep time faster, according to system of the present invention thus for object provides more or enough spaces.

The present invention is based on the theory using for to the interferometric method of processing from the baseband signal that receives signal down conversion, interferometric method comprises at least one between the more specific elements in receiving element is differed and determined, particularly, be received between important receiver element wherein in the main signal part that receives signal.Particularly, first between at least the first pair of important receiver element differs second differing and can be determined between second pair of important receiver element.A pair of this important receiver element (two receiver elements) also can be called as baseline.Use multiple (more than one) baseline to be also referred to as " many baselines " concept.Equally, because there is the high or higher probability of picked up signal in receiver element, so realize the lower probability that has stain (obliterated data) in image.Compare with the system of only determining a base station, can resolve the object in several depth layer.

Scanning system of the present invention or method can provide more low-complexity and have more thus cost-benefit hardware, and particularly, this scanning system or method be restricted lower (for example, being used corresponding cheaper low bandwidth parts) aspect hardware implementation.Scanning system of the present invention or method can provide faster or shorter sweep time and/or can produce the more image of high resolving power (3D), particularly, have meticulousr depth resolution.Scanning system of the present invention or method can realize the low probability that has stain (obliterated data) and/or the object in several depth layer is resolved in image.

Accompanying drawing explanation

From the more detailed explanation of carrying out more in detail below with reference to the embodiment of hereinafter describing, these and other aspects of the present invention are said obviously.In following accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 shows for to according to the stereographic map that utilizes the scanning system that electromagnetic wave scans object of the first embodiment;

Fig. 2 shows the vertical view of the basic embodiment of scanning system;

Fig. 3 a and Fig. 3 b show separately according to the vertical view of the scanning system of the second embodiment;

Fig. 4 a and Fig. 4 b show separately according to the vertical view of the scanning system of the 3rd embodiment;

Fig. 5 a and Fig. 5 b show separately according to the vertical view of the scanning system of the first embodiment in Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 shows the front view (FV) of the first or second antenna module of scanning system, particularly, shows the front view (FV) of the first embodiment in Fig. 1;

Fig. 7 shows according to the front view (FV) of the first of the scanning system of optional embodiment or second antenna module;

Fig. 8 shows according to the process flow diagram of the interferometric method of an embodiment;

Fig. 9 a and Fig. 9 b show and determine two optional embodiments that differ in Fig. 8 with the step of depth value;

It is a part for each antenna block 1 or the schematic block diagram that is attached to the exemplary receiver element of each antenna block 1 that Figure 10 shows;

Figure 11 a shows and comprises the schematic block diagram only having according to the antenna block of at least one antenna traces of the receiver element of the first embodiment;

Figure 11 b shows the schematic block diagram only having according to the antenna traces of the receiver element of the second embodiment;

Figure 12 a shows the antenna traces with single transmitter components, particularly, shows the antenna traces of the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 a and Fig. 3 b;

Figure 12 b shows the schematic block diagram of the antenna traces with single transmitter components and multiple receiver elements, particularly, shows the antenna traces of the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 a and Fig. 4 b;

Figure 12 c shows the schematic block diagram of the antenna traces with emitter/receiver element, particularly, shows the antenna traces of the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 a and Fig. 5 b; And

Figure 12 d shows the schematic block diagram of the first or second antenna module, particularly, shows the antenna module of the embodiment shown in Fig. 6.

Embodiment

Fig. 1 shows for to according to the stereographic map that utilizes the scanning system 1000 that electromagnetic wave scans object 1 of the first embodiment.In addition, system 1000 can provide the image of object 1.Herein, scanning system 1000 is the entrance security sweep instrument for object 1 is checked, object 1 is main body or the people who shows in Fig. 1.This system can comprise the signal generator (not shown in figure 1) for generating FMCW signal transmission 103 or burst transmissions signal 103.

Particularly, scanning system 1000 can utilize the interior electromagnetic wave of scope between 1GHz and 10THz to scan object 1, preferably, and between 30GHz and 300GHz.Therefore, electromagnetic wave can be millimeter wave (being called for short mm ripple) or sub-millimeter wave (being called for short sub-mm ripple).This frequency and the most dress materials of wavelength transmissive.This allows the scanning system 1000 of working in this frequency or wavelength coverage to detect hidden object or article below clothes.Therefore, in the image being provided by scanning (and imaging) system 1000, suspect object or article can be located automatically.Using another advantage of mm ripple or sub-mm ripple is to compare with for example X ray, and these electromagnetic waves that are applied on the mankind are safe.Mm ripple or sub-mm ripple are ionising radiations and therefore it has lower impact to health really.

As shown in Figure 1, object 1 has major axis A, and major axis A definition has an axle of the coordinate system of first quartile I, the second quadrant II, third quadrant III and fourth quadrant IV.Coordinate system has the initial point O of placing objects 1.Coordinate system has the first (x) axle and second (z) axle.First quartile I, the second quadrant II, third quadrant III and fourth quadrant IV are by the first (x) definition of axle and second (z) axle or separation.Coordinate system is further included in the 3rd axle (y) in major axis A direction.Therefore, the 3rd axle (y) is the axle being defined by the major axis A of object or main body 1.

Scanning system 1000 comprises first day line component 301 and the second antenna module 302.First day line component 301 comprises the first antenna block 201, the first antenna block 201 comprises at least one antenna traces (horizontally disposed in Fig. 1), and this at least one antenna traces comprises at least one transmitter components 101 as signal transmission 103 for emitting electromagnetic wave.The first antenna block 201 is arranged in the first quartile I in Fig. 1.First day line component 301 further comprises the second antenna block 202, the second antenna block 202 comprises at least one antenna traces, and this at least one antenna traces only comprises the receiver element 102 that receives signal 105 from the electromagnetic reflection conduct of launching of object 1 for receiving.The second antenna block 202 is arranged in the second quadrant II of first quartile I in adjacent map 1.The second antenna module 302 comprises third antenna piece 203, and third antenna piece 203 comprises at least one antenna traces, and this at least one antenna traces comprises at least one transmitter components 101 as signal transmission 103 for emitting electromagnetic wave.Third antenna piece 203 is arranged in third quadrant III.The second antenna module 302 further comprises the 4th antenna block 204, the 4th antenna block 204 comprises at least one antenna traces, and this at least one antenna traces only comprises the receiver element 102 that receives signal 105 from the electromagnetic reflection conduct of launching of object 1 for receiving.The 4th antenna block 204 is arranged in the fourth quadrant IV of third quadrant III.

As shown in Figure 1, third quadrant III relative with first quartile I diagonal formula (and non-adjacent).By transmitter components 101 being provided in diagonal formula relative sector, can realizing 103 the lowest interference of transmitting.Each antenna traces is all fixed antenna circuits.Each multiple antenna traces that include in major axis A direction in first day line component 301 and the second antenna module 302, thereby sensor (transducer) element of formation two-dimensional array.Each antenna traces in each antenna traces and third antenna piece 203 in the first antenna block 201 includes multiple transmitter components 101.Each antenna traces is arranged in the different emitter/receiver plane P perpendicular to the major axis A of object 1.Each in first day line component 301 and the second antenna module 302, at least one transmitter components 101 of an antenna traces and the receiver element 102 of a respective antenna circuit are arranged in the same emitter/receiver plane P perpendicular to the major axis A of object 1.Each in first day line component 301 and the second antenna module 302, the transmitter components 101 of an antenna traces and the receiver element 102(of a respective antenna circuit are arranged in same emitter/receiver plane P) form a sweep trace.

As can be seen from Figure 1, use the transmitter components 101 of the first antenna block 201 to scan (front scan) to the front of object 1.Use the transmitter components 101 of third antenna piece 203 to scan (back scan) to the rear of object 1.Therefore, be used for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic two antenna modules 301 and 302.By using this front scan and back scan, can scan in the face of object or main body 1 from each comprehensively.In the time of front scan and back scan, each emitter antenna circuit 101 of each antenna traces (or sweep trace) of the first antenna block 201 or third antenna piece 203 can send signal transmission 103, particularly, (broadband) mm ripple or sub-mm ripple signal transmission.

As can be seen from Figure 1, scanning system 1000 further comprises that one (or at least one) is by the described signal processing unit of processing for the baseband signal 105a to from receiving signal 105 down conversions and 105b of reference number 100.This at least one signal processing unit 100(for example, processor or microprocessor) be configured to use interferometric method to processing from the baseband signal 105a and the 105b that receive signal 105 down conversions, interferometric method comprises that at least one between the definite specific receiver element 102 as more described in detail differs below

particularly, this at least one to differ can be wherein to receive between the received important receiver element of main signal part of signal.A pair of this important receiver element (two receiver elements) also can be called as baseline.Use multiple (more than one) also can be called as " many baselines " concept.

Should be understood that, this at least one signal processing unit can be single processing unit or can be multiple processing units.In the embodiment of Fig. 1, signal processing unit 100 comprises for obtaining and/or control signal transmission 103 and for example, from receiving the baseband signal 105a of signal 105 down conversions and the signal acquiring unit (, controller) of 105b.Should be understood that, signal acquiring unit 109 can also be separate unit.Signal processing unit 100 further comprises the image-generating unit 110 of the image for object 1 is provided.Alternatively, shown in dotted line, signal processing unit 100 can comprise post-processing unit 111.In addition, alternatively, shown in dotted line, this system can further comprise display 112 for showing image and/or the storer for memory image.

As mentioned above, the scanning system 1000 of the embodiment in Fig. 1 is configured for the image that object 1 is provided.After obtaining baseband signal 105a and 105b, signal acquiring unit 109 is sent to the image-generating unit 110 of (3D) image that builds object or main body 1.Use this at least one definite differing

use thus interferometric method to construct this image.Alternatively, in image, automatically locating suspect object or article can.

As mentioned above, signal processing unit 100 comprises that signal acquiring unit 109 is to obtain and/or to control signal transmission 103 and to receive signal 105.Signal acquiring unit 109 communicates with each antenna block 201,202,203 and 204 via connection or communication channel 108.Herein, when main body or people enter scanning system 1000 or entrance security sweep instrument as object 1, acquiring unit 109 can start scanning process.The task of acquiring unit 109 is to communicate with transmitter components 101 by connection or communication channel 108, thereby launch to object or main body 1 electromagnetic wave as signal transmission 103, and receive launched electromagnetic reflection (reflecting from object 1) as receiving signal by connection or communication channel 108 from receiver element 102.

Signal acquiring unit 109 can be by signal transmission 103, and particularly, wideband transmit signal sends to the transmitter components 101 of each antenna block 201,202,203 and 204.The signal generator of before mentioning is synchronizeed with signal acquiring unit 109.Signal generator can be arranged in each antenna block.Lock unit can be arranged in signal acquiring unit 109.Can be arranged in each antenna block or be attached to each antenna block for an acceptor unit or multiple acceptor unit that the baseband signal from receiving signal down conversion is provided.

Use the signal multiplexed concept can be in succession or the signal transmission 103 of the transmitter components 101 of the each antenna traces of parallel transmitting.The in the situation that of sequential transmissions signal transmission 103, signal acquiring unit 109 communicates at each transmitter components 101 of specific antenna circuit with antenna block 201 or 203, one next transmitter components 101 is launched, and synchronous signal acquiring unit 109 communicates to receive signal 105 with all receiver elements 102.For each transmitter components 101 in specific antenna circuit, this process repeats continuously, until all transmitter components 101 transmitted signals in antenna traces.The in the situation that of parallel transmission signal transmission 103, transmitter components 101 in signal acquiring unit 109 and an antenna block 201 or 202 communicates, and makes (in all antenna traces or sweep trace) transmitter components 101 use the independently parallel signal transmission 103 that sends of different signal transmissions 103.For example, these signal transmissions 103 can use different frequencies or can use and can make signal separate and received form or coding.

In each antenna block or the acceptor unit that is attached to each antenna block can receive electromagnetic wave from the reflection of object or main body 1 as receiving signal 105 from receiver element 102.Then, acceptor unit can be downconverted into baseband signal 105a and 105b by receiving signal 105.Then, be transmitted to image-generating unit 110 from baseband signal 105a and the 105b of 105 down conversions.Image-generating unit 110 can be applied " multi-baseline interference measurement " described herein, and concept provides topography.Then, image-generating unit 110 can combine topography to form the complete image of object or main body 1.Alternatively, can use post-processing unit 111 to carry out aftertreatment to image, for example, in image, automatically locate suspicious object (for example, using machine learning algorithm).Further alternatively, (aftertreatment or non-aftertreatment) image is visualized on display 112, and/or is stored in (for example, memory body) on memory cell.

After transmitter components 101 emitting electromagnetic waves of an antenna traces or sweep trace, electromagnetic wave strikes on object 1 and scattering in multiple directions.Clash into back and there is the second antenna block 202 of receiver element 102 or third antenna piece 204 and can be used as that to receive signal 105 received from the strong reflection of object 1 scattering.Receive signal and can be converted into intermediate frequency (IF).Equally, (IF) receiving signal can be obtained by signal acquisition system 109.Signal acquiring unit 109 repeats this process for each antenna traces or sweep trace, until (in Fig. 1 in the 3rd (y) direction) completes scanning to whole object 1.Then, (IF) receive signal and be transmitted to the image-generating unit 110 that wherein builds (3D) image from signal acquiring unit 109.Then, image can be directly presented on display 112 and/or be stored in memory cell.Alternatively, first, can use post-processing unit 111 to carry out aftertreatment to image, then, final image can be displayed on display 112 and/or be stored in memory cell.In Fig. 1, post-processing unit 111 is separate units.But, should be understood that, post-processing unit 111 also can be integrated into another unit, such as, image-generating unit 110.

Conventionally, according to one side described herein, for utilizing the scan method that electromagnetic wave scans object 1 to comprise by the first antenna block 201 emitting electromagnetic waves as signal transmission 103; And by (at least) the second antenna block 202(front scan) receive the electromagnetic reflection of launching from object 1 as reception signal 105.The method further comprises by third antenna piece 203 emitting electromagnetic waves as signal transmission 103; And by (at least) the 4th antenna block 204(back scan) receive the electromagnetic reflection of launching from object 1 as reception signal 105.The method further comprises and uses interferometric method to processing from the baseband signal 105a and the 105b that receive signal 105 down conversions, and interferometric method comprises that at least one that determine between specific receiver element 102 differs

Concept described herein is called as " multi-baseline interference measurement ".Main points are to use " multi-baseline interference measurement " concept to assess depth dimension (second in Fig. 1 (z) direction).This need to consider antenna traces layout, particularly, and the setting of the relevant object being scanned or the transmitter components 101 of main body and receiver element 102.The resolution that obtains image depends on three factors.As being further explained in detail below, first (x) the resolution on direction of principal axis depend on the bandwidth of signal transmission.Resolution on second (z) direction of principal axis depends on the signal that uses interferometric method to process.Resolution on the 3rd (y) direction of principal axis depends on the ad hoc approach for obtaining this dimension.It should be noted that antenna configuration disclosed herein and accompanying drawing show specific embodiment.But, it should be noted that in first (x-) direction and the 3rd (y-) direction on resolution can be by changing antenna configuration and easily exchanging, for example, by the left and right antenna block shown in Fig. 1 is turned into up and down.

Fig. 2 shows the vertical view of the basic embodiment of scanning system 1000.As mentioned above, the single emitter/receiver plane P (projection plane) perpendicular to the major axis of object 1 has been shown in Fig. 2.For example, scanning system can be the scanning system 1000 in Fig. 1.In this case, for simplicity, first day line component 301 has only been described in Fig. 2.In addition, in this case, should be understood that, the statement that first day line component 301 is carried out is equally applicable to the second antenna module 302.

But, should be understood that, the scanning system 1000 in Fig. 2 also can only comprise a single antenna module 301, and is not the first day line component shown in Fig. 1 and the second antenna module.In this case, the first antenna block 201 and the second antenna block 202 can be placed with and be adjacent to each other (as shown in Figure 2) or can be placed with toward each other.Particularly, the system in Fig. 2 can be for utilizing electromagnetic wave to scan object 1 and for interferometry scanning and the imaging system 1000 of object 1 image are provided.As can be seen from Figure 2, this system comprises first day line component 301, first day line component 301 comprises the first antenna block 201, the first antenna block 201 comprises at least one antenna traces, and this at least one antenna traces comprises at least one transmitter components 101 as signal transmission 103 for emitting electromagnetic wave.First day line component 301 further comprises the second antenna block 202, the second antenna block 202 comprises at least one antenna traces, this at least one antenna traces comprises at least three receiver element 102a, the 102b and the 102c that are arranged in sweep trace, for receiving the electromagnetic reflection of launching from object 1 as reception signal 105.At least one transmitter components (101) of an antenna traces and the receiver element (102) of a respective antenna circuit form a sweep trace.This system further comprises that at least one the signal processing unit 100(Fig. 2 for using interferometric method to process the baseband signal 105a from receiving signal 105 down conversions and 105b is not shown).Particularly, interferometric method can comprise that (as the more detailed explanation of carrying out with reference to Fig. 8 and Fig. 9) determine at least three important receiver elements for each sweep trace, and the main signal part that receives signal is received in these at least three important receiver elements; And for each sweep trace that wherein important receiver element is determined, determine that first between at least the first pair of important receiver element differs and second between second pair of important receiver element differs

this at least one signal processor 100 can be configured to use first to differ

with second differ

the image of object 1 is provided.

In Fig. 2, each antenna traces of the second antenna block 202 includes at least three receiver element 102a, 102b and 102c(for simplicity, in Fig. 2 lucky three).In Fig. 2, receiver element 102 is unified to be arranged, that is, receiver element 102 with one constant or unified distance d spaced apart.Alternatively, receiver element 102 also can be arranged by disunity, that is, spaced apart with variable distance.A pair of receiver element (i.e. two receiver elements) is called as baseline.As can be seen from Figure 2, between the first receiver element 102a and the second receiver element 102b, define the first baseline B ₁, and define the second baseline B between the first receiver element 201a and the 3rd receiver element 102c ₂.Because have multiple (, two) baseline herein, so described " many baselines " concept herein.Based on baseband signal 105a and 105b, determine differing between different receiver elements 102.Determine that first of the first baseline B1 differs

(between the first receiver element 102a and the second receiver element 102b), and determine the second baseline B ₂second differ (between the first receiver element 102a and the 3rd receiver element 102b).Use the reception signal at the first receiver element 102a place and the reception signal at the second receiver element 102b place to determine that first differs use the reception signal at the first receiver element 102a place and the reception signal at the 3rd receiver element 102c place to determine that second differs

As can be seen from Figure 2, each transmitter components 101 and each receiver element 102 are arranged in coordinate system with non-normal angle and/or non-zero angle θ.Here it is refers to that angle θ is non-zero ° with respect to any axle or is non-90 °.If angle θ is 0 ° or 90 °, for calculating the interferometric method of second (z) dimension and being relied on to calculate first, (x) the bandwidth of dimension will be resolved in same dimension.Each transmitter components 101 and/or receiver element 102 will have certain half-power beam width (HPBM).Conventionally, for example, in first (x-) direction, the desired value of HPBW can be between 10 ° and 50 °.In this way, antenna block for example can cover the first whole object 1(being (x) scanned in direction, people's health).In order to use interferometry concept, can be to launch transmitter components 101 with respect to horizontal view angle theta in x direction.This to application interferometry concept and in the 3rd (z) direction compute depth value necessary.In one embodiment, antenna can be directed, thereby makes to transmit and receive signal along the angle θ of horizontal direction x.In another embodiment, the first antenna block 201 can be with respect to deasil tiltangleθ of horizontal line x, and the second antenna block 202 tiltangleθ widdershins.In this case, transmit and receive signal by the normal direction along horizontal line x.The object being scanned or main body 1 will be nominal distance R apart from the first antenna block 201 and the second antenna block 202.Under these assumed conditions, the crossover range of this system can approximate treatment be as follows:

$\&PartialD;x=\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="c"\; filenames="HDA0000475655800000101.png,HDA0000475655800000113.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">c</figure-callout>}}{2\&times;\mathrm{BW}\&times;\cos \left(\mathrm{\&theta;}\right)}---\left(1\right),$

Wherein, c is the speed of light, and BW is the bandwidth of signal transmission 103.Can generate in any suitable manner the signal transmission with certain bandwidth.For example, possibility be frequency of utilization modulated continuous wave (FMCW) as signal transmission 103, wherein define bandwidth by the frequency span of chirped pulse.Another possibility is the solution based on pulse (burst transmissions signal) for signal transmission 103, wherein, defines bandwidth by the pulse persistance period.Should be understood that, also can use any other suitable signal transmission.

With reference to differing between different receiver elements (receiving a same part for image)

definition (in second (z) direction) degree of depth sensitivity.Aspect phase place accuracy, degree of depth sensitivity can be defined as foloows:

In above-mentioned equation (equation (2)), f is the centre frequency of signal transmission 103, and B is two baseline or distances between receiver element 102.This equation (equation (2)) has provided change in depth or the resolution of each radian (radian) of phase-detection.The base length of maximum possible (or distance) between two receiver elements also can be called as " Critical baseline " B _c." Critical baseline " B _ccan be defined as foloows:

$B_c=\frac{2R\&times;\cot \left(\mathrm{\&theta;}\right)\&times;\mathrm{BW}}{f\&times;\sin \left(\mathrm{\&theta;}\right)}---\left(3\right).$

Critical baseline B _cdefinition can be used and wherein still be carried out the maximum base length (or distance) between two receiver elements of interferometry concept.Conventionally, by making maximum base length (or ultimate range) between receiver element be less than Critical baseline B _c, can safe operation interferometric principle.

Use the resolution for crossover range (equation (1)), degree of depth sensitivity (equation (2)) and Critical baseline B aspect phase place accuracy _{c '}the above-mentioned equation of (equation (3)), can use " multi-baseline interference measurement " concept to carry out suitable design to scanning system.All factors of considering above-mentioned equation (equation (1), (2) and (3)), for example, rated range value R can change between 0.5m to 3m according to operating frequency.Conventionally, for example, the value of view angle theta can be between 20 ° to 80 °.Can select bandwidth according to crossover range resolution required in this system.The phase-detection accuracy of being indicated by ψ determines the actual grade accuracy of this system.By hardware implementation decision variable ψ.

For the maximum base length B of interferometric method _maxtherefore should be less than, be less than very much particularly Critical baseline B for the maximum number of receiver element 102 that each pixel of image is resolved _c, particularly, the Critical baseline B of suggestion 20% to 30% _cfactor to realize optimum performance.But the actual number of receiver element 102 can be greater than by Critical baseline B in sweep trace or antenna traces _cthe number of setting, thus guarantee that receiver element 102 can catch the signal reflecting from object or main body 1.Therefore, the number of the interior receiver element 102 of sweep trace (or antenna traces) can be higher than the number of important receiver element.Equally, reduced the possibility in final image with stain.

Only, in order more easily to understand this concept, a kind of exemplary non-limiting setting will be provided.Suppose that rated range R is 1.5m, view angle theta is that 45 ° and frequency transmission signal f are 94GHz.For the crossover range resolution of 2cm

required bandwidth BW will be about 10GHz.Critical baseline B _cthus for 0.45m and the maximum baseline B therefore using in interferometry _maxshould be less than this value.Suppose to use for maximum baseline B _maxlower value, for example, the maximum baseline of 0.1m, and effective number N of receiver element simultaneously _ein each antenna traces (unified layout), be 5, the distance between two continuous receiver elements is set to 2cm.In reality is implemented, for guarantee that 5 receiver elements receive the signal in each antenna traces simultaneously, in fact, available more than 5 receiving antennas.,, in this specific embodiment, number need to be installed and be more than or equal to the receiver element of number N of 5 to guarantee receiving signal at each line IT.In reality is implemented, how many numbers of final installation elements depends on configuration, cost and the complicacy of use.For example, 2 × N _eto 5 × N _efactor can be used as the guide of actual enforcement, thereby reduce the possibility in final image with stain.

Fig. 3 a and Fig. 3 b show separately according to the vertical view of the scanning system of the second embodiment.Fig. 4 a and Fig. 4 b show separately according to the vertical view of the scanning system of the 3rd embodiment.Fig. 5 a and Fig. 5 b show separately according to the vertical view of the scanning system of the first embodiment in Fig. 1.Should be understood that, even if Fig. 1 shows the embodiment corresponding to vertical view in Fig. 5, also can be with reference to the explanation as in Fig. 1, implement in the same manner any other the suitable embodiment such as embodiment in Fig. 3 or Fig. 4.In addition, should be understood that, any embodiment in Fig. 3 to Fig. 5 can be used for the system as explained with reference to Fig. 2, particularly, and interferometry scanning and imaging system.For example, if this system is only used a single antenna module 301, the first antenna block 201 in Fig. 3 to Fig. 5 shown in arbitrary embodiment and the configuration of the second antenna block 202 (it is identical with the configuration of third antenna piece 203 and the 4th antenna block 204) can be used for a single antenna module.In addition, should be understood that, the same reference numerals in accompanying drawing has been described similar elements (element of explaining in conjunction with Fig. 1 or Fig. 2 particularly).As mentioned above, Fig. 3 a, Fig. 4 a and Fig. 5 a show front scan separately, and Fig. 3 b, Fig. 4 b and Fig. 5 b show back scan separately.

In the embodiment of Fig. 3 a and Fig. 3 b, in the antenna traces of the first antenna block 201 or third antenna piece 203, only there is a transmitter components (Tx), and there is no receiver element.Only represent with the white circle with spider for the antenna element Tx launching.Therefore, the first antenna block 201 and third antenna piece 203 are all designed to only launch separately.In the embodiment of Fig. 3 a and Fig. 3 b, will not catch a part of reflected signal.As described below, this still can be carried out part rectification by signal processing unit or image-generating unit.In Fig. 3 a and Fig. 3 b, only the second antenna block 202 and the 4th antenna block 204 have receiver element (Rx).Therefore, the second antenna block 202 and the 4th antenna block 204 are designed to only receive separately.Only represent with black circles for the antenna element receiving.

In the embodiment of Fig. 4 a and Fig. 4 b, only the intermediary element in the antenna traces of the first antenna block 201 or third antenna piece 203 is transmitter components (Tx), and other elements in antenna traces are receiver element (Rx).Therefore, the first antenna block 201 and third antenna piece 203 are all designed to transmit and receive separately.Transmitter components and receiver element that reference sign Tx & Rx indicates each antenna traces to include can not to switch.The second antenna block 202 and the 4th antenna block 204 are designed to only receive separately.

In the embodiment of Fig. 5 a and Fig. 5 b, the each element in the antenna traces of the first antenna block 201 or third antenna piece 203 is as signal transmission and for receiving the emitter/receiver element (Tx/Rx) from the electromagnetic reflection of launching of object 1 for emitting electromagnetic wave.Emitter/receiver elements T x/Rx represents with common white circle (there is no right-angled intersection).Therefore, the first antenna block 201 and third antenna piece 203 are all designed to transmit and receive separately.Reference sign Tx/Rx refers to that the emitter/receiver element in antenna traces can be used as transmitter and receiver element.The second antenna block 202 and the 4th antenna block 204 are all designed to only receive separately.

In the time of front scan, (for example, see Fig. 3 a, Fig. 4 a or Fig. 5 a), the previous section of object or main body 1 is scanned.Each transmitter components in antenna traces sends signal transmission.Due to the geometric configuration of the object being scanned or main body 1, there is the multiple possibility that receives reflected signal.In the embodiment of Fig. 3 a, there are two kinds of possibilities that receive reflected signal, that is, and the second antenna block 202 and the 4th antenna block 204.In the embodiment of Fig. 4 a and the embodiment of Fig. 5 a, there are three kinds of possibilities that receive reflected signal, that is, and the first antenna block 201, the second antenna block 202 and the 4th antenna block 204.The left part of object or main body 1 is probably received by the 4th antenna block 204.All the other previous sections of object or main body 1 are probably received by the second antenna block 202, and other parts are received lower possibility ground by the first antenna block 201.Should be understood that, in the time that the rear side of object or main body 1 is scanned, apply the similar explanation for back scan in connection with Fig. 3 b, Fig. 4 b or Fig. 5 b.

Fig. 6 shows the first day line component 301 of scanning system 1000 or the front view (FV) of the second antenna module 302, particularly, and the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1.Should be understood that, Fig. 6 also shows the scanning system of the embodiment of Fig. 3 a, Fig. 3 b or Fig. 4 a, Fig. 4 b or Fig. 5 a, Fig. 5 b.Antenna module 301 or 302 is included in multiple antenna traces or the sweep trace in major axis A direction (the 3rd (y) direction of principal axis), thereby makes to form sensor element or the antenna element of two-dimensional array.Each antenna traces or sweep trace are arranged in (the 3rd (y-) direction of principal axis) in the different emitter/receiver plane P perpendicular to the major axis A of object 1.In Fig. 6, each antenna traces 201a or 203a, 201b or 203b, 201c or 203c and each antenna traces 202a or 204a, 202b or 204b, 202c or 204c are all fixed antenna circuits.

Fig. 7 shows according to the first day line component 301 of scanning system 1000 or the front view (FV) of the second antenna module that can optional embodiment.In Fig. 7, antenna module 301 or 302 is upper removable in major axis A direction (the 3rd (y) direction of principal axis), thereby makes can form multiple sweep traces by portable antenna assembly 301 or 302.

In order to obtain complete (3D) image, also need third dimension degree in the 3rd (y) direction to scan and provide enough resolution.Realizing this object has several possibilities, and will explain below some embodiment.But main aspect described herein is how (x) to realize resolution in direction and second (z) direction first.This can realize the resolution in the 3rd (y) direction in conjunction with any suitable method.

Particularly, determine the upper picture point for multiple antenna traces or sweep trace of major axis A direction (the 3rd (y) direction), for the 3-D view of object is provided.In the first embodiment, use synthetic aperture radar (SAR) concept can determine picture point.In the optional embodiment of the second class, use wave beam to form concept and can determine these picture points.Before at least one is differed determining, for example, can use SAR or wave beam to form concept and determine these picture points in major axis A direction (the 3rd (y-) direction).This provides the image of better resolution.But, alternatively, after at least one is differed determining, for example, also can use SAR or wave beam to form concept these picture points in major axis A direction (the 3rd (y) direction) are determined.

As above, the first embodiment that realizes resolution in the 3rd (y) direction uses synthetic aperture radar (SAR) concept, wherein, transmit and receive reflected signal (from object) and set up large aperture in the 3rd (y) direction by the diverse location place in the 3rd (y) direction.In one embodiment, as shown in the embodiment in Fig. 7, this can realize by physics portable antenna piece in the 3rd (y) direction.Reception signal can be collected by each sampling location place in the 3rd (y) direction and thus each sweep trace place.Another embodiment that uses SAR concept to realize resolution in the 3rd (y) direction uses so-called " stop-continuing " SAR technology, wherein, not portable antenna piece in the 3rd (y) direction, is multiplexed into different lines but transmit and receive signal at certain hour.Therefore, as shown in the embodiment in Fig. 6, need sensor element or the antenna module of complete two-dimensional array, for this two-dimensional array or panel, signal can be by multiplexed.

As above, in the 3rd (y) direction, provide in the second optional embodiment of resolution, can carry out for the wave beam of signal transmission and/or reception signal and form.As shown in the embodiment in Fig. 6, this wave beam forms sensor element or the antenna element that solution also needs (complete filling) two-dimensional array or panel.In addition, this wave beam forms solution also needs dedicated receiver unit and/or the transmitter unit for each antenna traces of two-dimensional array or panel, and may be therefore the more expensive alternative method for resolution is provided in the 3rd (y) direction.

In the embodiment of Fig. 6, antenna block complete filling (fully populated) in the 3rd (y) direction conventionally, and in the embodiment of Fig. 7, sweep trace mechanically moves.Main difference between these two kinds of embodiments is sweep time and cost.The embodiment of Fig. 6 is very fast, still, more expensive due to the increase of hardware component.The embodiment of Fig. 7 is cheaper, but due to mobile and slower.The height of scanning (in the 3rd (y) direction) depends on and is scanned or the height of checked object or main body 1.In the time that people is scanned, conventionally, the maximum height of 2.5m is enough to, so that people high height is taken into account.

Conventionally, comprising by the first antenna block 201(and/or third antenna piece 203 according to the scanning of one side described herein and formation method) emitting electromagnetic wave is as signal transmission 103; And by the second antenna block 202(and/or the 4th antenna block 204) receive the electromagnetic reflection of launching from object 1 as receiving signal.At least one transmitter components 101 of an antenna traces and the receiver element 102 of a respective antenna circuit form a sweep trace.The method further comprises that use interferometric method is to processing from the baseband signal 105a and the 105b that receive signal 105 down conversions, interferometric method comprises at least two receiver elements that are identified for each sweep trace, particularly, at least three, the main signal part that receives signal is received in these at least three receiver elements; And for each sweep trace that wherein important receiver element is determined, determine that first between at least the first pair of important receiver element differs and second between second pair of important receiver element differs the method further comprises that use at least the first differs

with second differ

the image of object 1 is provided.

Fig. 8 shows according to the process flow diagram of the interferometric method of embodiment.As mentioned above, in step S10, the transmitter components in each antenna traces or sweep trace sends signal transmission 103, and signal acquiring unit 109 obtains reception signal 105, then, to from receive signal 105 down conversions obtain baseband signal 105a and 105b processes.In step S20, for each antenna module 301 or 302 and for each sweep trace, determine received at least two the important receiver elements of main signal part that wherein receive signal.The main signal that receives can be positioned in each sweep trace.In other words, it determines which receiver element processes, to use interferometric method synthetic image in each sweep trace.This is determined and can complete having in each sweep trace of receiver element or antenna traces.Can be only in an antenna block with receiver element, only have in the part antenna block of receiver element or in each antenna block, important baseline determined.As mentioned above, for example, in each embodiment of Fig. 4 a, Fig. 4 b or Fig. 5 a, Fig. 5 b, this is determined and can in the each antenna traces of three antenna blocks that receives signal, complete.

In one embodiment, this is determined and can complete by carrying out adaptive threshold.In this embodiment, calculating the integral energy receiving by all receiver element, then, is the element (therefore, needing baseline for interferometry) that comprises important reception signal corresponding to the receiver element of the energy of highest measurement.In another embodiment, can use subspace analysis method to complete this and determine, for example principal component analysis (PCA).In this example, calculate the covariance matrix from the reception signal of all receiver elements, use principal component analysis (PCA) to decompose calculated covariance matrix, then, determine and carry out corresponding to the receiver element of important principal component.Should be understood that, the embodiment that any other is suitable or method also can be used for this and determine.

In step S30, after important receiver element (baseline) is positioned, for each sweep trace that wherein important receiver element is determined, determine each to differing between important receiver element

for example, use direction of arrival (DOA) algorithm for estimating can be to differing determine.Determine differ (the interferometry phase place) between the receiver element of different " putting altogether " the receiver of " putting altogether " is defined as the adjacent important receiver element 102 at least one antenna block with receiver element.As mentioned above, if distance higher than Critical baseline B _c, can apply interferometric method.Particularly, the B of suggestion 20% to 30% _cfactor is to realize optimum performance.The receiver element of " putting altogether " or baseline all can receive the different piece corresponding to the whole image of the different parts of object or main body 1 separately, for example, and people's health.The reception signal at each receiver element place can be the mixing between the difference of object or main body 1.This has just caused problem and the reason that Here it is should take this into account in calculating aspect differing.In the time that the object of several different materials attributes and different depth level is hidden by object or main body 1, especially can there is this problem.For this is taken into account, for example, can use direction of arrival (DOA) to estimate.

The whole reception signal Y locating for one of each important interferometry baseline transmitting from transmitter components T _tcan be written as:

Wherein, variable τ _idescribed about the object of this mixing (for example, main body or health) the reflectivity composition of each point, the maximum number of supposing difference in this mixing is L(receives the difference of the object of reflectivity number corresponding to entirety), the maximum baseline of important baseline is B _max,

corresponding to maximum baseline B _maxdiffer (interferometry phase place) and B _ifrom being less than B _maxthe baseline of important baseline in one, and η is additive noise.Should be understood that, for simplicity, also can be assumed to be more complicated noise model, but it can not be integrated in above-mentioned equation (equation (4)).Just for example, can modelling multiplicative noise by the left addend (left addend) that is multiplied by above-mentioned equation (equation (4)) by the entirety that represents noise.Use above-mentioned overall signal Y _tequation (equation (4)), can form and be placed in single matrix for the reception signal of each signal transmission of launching in antenna traces or sweep trace.Then, in DOA algorithm, using these to receive signal estimates with the corresponding reflectivity to from the each difference of health and phase place composition.In above-mentioned equation (equation (4)), suppose that distance d disunity between receiver element more summarizes the description of this problem making.In the situation that distance is unified, the B in above-mentioned equation (equation (4)) thus _ivalue is equal, and the overall signal of reception can be written as:

Wherein, N _emaximum baseline B _maxin effective number of available receiver element.

By using algorithm can carry out direction of arrival (DOA) algorithm, to use unified or skimble-scamble baseline to solve τ simultaneously _iwith

for the illustrative methods of this object be maximum likelihood (ML), ESPRIT, MUSIC, CAPON wave beam form (such as, the 2nd phase the 57th volume IEEE transmission February in 2009, in signal processing, R ü bsamen and Greshman are disclosed, " Direction-of-Arrival-Estimation for Nonuniform Sensor Arrays): From Manifold Separation to Fourier Domain Music Methods ", be combined in by reference this) and distortion.In the whole bag of tricks, obtain the corresponding radar reflectivity τ for each signal transmission with the similar manner described in the above-mentioned equation (equation (4)) of overall signal YT _iwith differ

(base band) of finding therein each sweep trace of important baseline receives in signal it estimated.

Fig. 9 a and Fig. 9 b show and determine two kinds of optional embodiments that differ in Fig. 8 with the step S30 of depth value.Before the picture point in y direction is determined, or after the picture point in y direction is determined, for example, use SAR as above or wave beam to form concept and can realize any these two kinds of embodiments.In other words, as mentioned above, at least one is differed determine before or afterwards, can determine the picture point in y direction.

In the step S31 of Fig. 9 a or Fig. 9 b, the sweep trace in different antennae piece is carried out to registration or aligning.Particularly, can aim at or registration at least two different antennae piece interscan lines several between each combination of important receiver element determine differ.Which pixel that step of registration attempts to find the formation topography in 201 and 202 different antennae piece for example belongs to each other.This is because the reception signal at each receiver element place is corresponding to the different parts of health in different antennae piece.In other words, will receive and directly reflect and diffuse reflection from all body parts of different antennae piece, and need to find corresponding position with to re-constructing from the whole image of different antennae piece place all sites.But, because along differ (interferometry phase place) calculate DOA and rated range R also known, so can use for example simple search and position algorithm to distinguish it and all reception signals are placed on to its corresponding position in image.This means and provide receiver element geometric position relative to each other and the estimation DOA of each signal, correspondence position links together in the single image that comprises all information.But the image producing after registration may have some empty positions, in these positions, for example, the signal noise ratio (SNR) that receives signal is too low.

In order to address this problem, can estimate the phase place of losing from receive signal with interpolation algorithm.In the step S33 of Fig. 9 a and Fig. 9 b, use interpolation algorithm from determine differ determine lose differ.Can use any suitable interpolation algorithm, such as, application bilinearity, bicubic, batten or total departure are lost position to insert.

The embodiment of Fig. 9 b determines by further step S34 whether determined differing is greater than 2 π, is confirmed as being greater than 2 π and if differ, excute phase deployment algorithm before compute depth value z from different being of the embodiment of Fig. 9 a.Definable differs (interferometry phase place)

reach the fuzzy depth z of 2 π values _a.Can be used for according to following equation definition the fuzzy depth z of given baseline B _a.

$z_A=\frac{c\&times;R\&times;\cot \left(\mathrm{\&theta;}\right)}{f\&times;B\&times;\sin \left(\mathrm{\&theta;}\right)}---\left(6\right).$

For given baseline B, fuzzy depth z _aafter can not resolving depth value again, define this value.It is mainly by used baseline B _maxmaximum upper limit, view angle theta, rated range R and the operating frequency f definition of object.

For the imaging algorithm according to designed scan setting, there are two kinds of possibilities.First,, during some of the parameter of selecting at the above-mentioned equation (equation (6)) depending on according to the fuzzy degree of depth arranges, may not reach fuzzy depth z _a.In this case, after interpolation, above-mentioned equation (equation (2)) that can be based on for degree of depth sensitivity is from differing (interferometry phase place) compute depth value z.Secondly, in some parameters of this system, fuzzy depth z _acan be compromised (trespass), that is, differ

(interferometry phase place) again overlapping (wrap) at 2 π length intervals.In this case, as shown in step S34 in Fig. 9 b, after interpolation procedure, before compute depth value, need excute phase to launch (unwrap) algorithm.The theory of phase unwrapping is to determine absolute phase values from modulus (modulo-) the 2 π phase places that obtain in the time that the fuzzy degree of depth is compromised.Any suitable algorithm can be used for phase-unwrapping algorithm, for example, and method based on least square (LS) matching, branch technique, based on chart optimisation technique (similar belief propagation and Tu Qie) and many other technologies.For example, the embodiment of this scheduling algorithm can be at Rosen, Hensley, Joughin, Li, Madsen, Rodriguez and Goldstein are in the 3rd phase the 88th volume IEEE agreement in March, 2000 " synthetic aperture interferometry " in find, it is combined in this by reference.

In Fig. 9 a after the interpolation of step S33, or in Fig. 9 b after the phase unwrapping of step S34, based on differing of determining

compute depth value z.Particularly, for each sweep trace, definite differs

can be used for the picture point of the image that creates object 1 with depth value z.For example, above-mentioned equation (equation (2)) the compute depth value z that this algorithm can be based on for degree of depth sensitivity.

Use imaging algorithm described herein to carry out and be used for this process (for example, seeing Fig. 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5) of people's front scan and back scan and carry out to received signal processing producing 2D image (in first (x) with the second (z) dimension).For the 3rd (y) dimension is resolved, can use such as synthetic aperture radar (SAR) concept or wave beam and form other algorithms such as concept.The result of the result of 2D image and the 3rd (y) dimension algorithm can be combined, thus the complete 3D rendering of generation object or main body 1.For example, this 3D rendering can be used for object or main body 1 to check.Alternatively, algorithm for image enhancement can be used for further strengthening the image of implementing in example post-processing unit 111 as shown in FIG. 1.For example, can combine the solution of the imaging for ultrahigh resolution or noise reduction technology.

In other embodiments, for example, while there is privacy concern, can carry out corrected signal processing unit with some other algorithms, for example, object is the summary that detects some hiding object or article and show this object or article, and without the real image that shows this main body (people).In this case, use object detection algorithm, on image, can automatically locate suspect object or article, thereby allow to show the position of suspect object or article on this main body or people's image.For example, also can in the post-processing unit of Fig. 1 111, implement this algorithm.

For example, as shown in Figure 1, it is each antenna block part or the schematic block diagram that is attached to the exemplary acceptor unit of each antenna block that Figure 10 shows.In this embodiment, system 1000 further comprises for generating based on signal transmission 103 and reception signal 105 the I-/Q-frequency mixer form receiver frequency mixer that mixes reception signals.Herein, signal acquiring unit 109 comprises typical FMCW receiver.The reception signal 105 receiving in receiver element or antenna traces is exaggerated via low noise amplifier (LNA) 906 and mixes with benchmark signal transmission 103 via I-/Q-frequency mixer 905, thereby obtains beat frequency (beats) signal for two kinds of signals after isolation stage 904.Use 903 pairs of I & Q outputs of bandpass filter (BPF) to filter via automatic gain control unit (AGC) 902, thereby sample via 901 pairs of whole dynamic ranges of analog to digital converter (ADC).This output is baseband signal 105a and the 105b of I-output (I branch) and Q-output (Q branch) form.Conventionally, also can use in accordance with the non-I/Q frequency mixer of the single branch of numerical approach and obtain I output and Q exports (i/q signal).For example, receiver frequency mixer can be digital orthogonal demodulator.

Figure 11 a shows and comprises the schematic block diagram only having according to the antenna block of at least one antenna traces of the receiver element of the first embodiment (but not transmitter components).Figure 11 b shows the schematic block diagram only having according to the antenna traces of the receiver element of the second embodiment (but not transmitter components).These two kinds of embodiment are two kinds of different solutions for an antenna traces.In the first embodiment of Figure 11 a, each receiver element 102 is all connected to a receiver piece 1004.In the second embodiment of Figure 11 b, use switch (switch) 1005 that receiver element is switched to single receiver 1004.For example, the selection of this solution is not depended on to the scan solution of (x) selecting in direction at first described in Fig. 3 a, Fig. 3 b or Fig. 4 a, Fig. 4 b or Fig. 5 a, Fig. 5 b.

In Figure 11 a, have in first embodiment of antenna traces of receiver element (Rx), be provided for receiver 1004 each in N receiver element 102.For simplicity, in Figure 11 a, only show two receivers 1004 in N receiver.In this embodiment of Figure 11 a, reference signal drives to N receiver 1004 via power divider 1001.In data bus 1002, collect I output and the Q output of N receiver element 102.In Figure 11 b, have in second embodiment of antenna traces of receiver element (Rx), use switch 1005 that single receiver 1004 is switched to N receiver element 102 successively.In this case, the signal demand of which receiver element of signal acquiring unit 109 definables 102 is driven to receiver 1004 via (N:1) switch 1005.In Figure 11 a, the advantage of the first embodiment is because do not need to receive continuously, but can carry out parallel receive, thus sweep time fast N doubly.Compare with the first embodiment, because each antenna traces needs N receiver element, so the second embodiment cost in Figure 11 b is lower.

Figure 12 a shows the antenna traces with single transmitter components, particularly, shows the antenna traces of the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 a and Fig. 3 b.In the embodiment of Figure 12 a, (the first antenna block 201 or third antenna piece 203) each antenna traces only comprises single emitting antenna 101.Signal transmission (Tx signal) is delivered to single transmitter components 101.

Figure 12 b shows the schematic block diagram of the antenna traces with single transmitter components and multiple receiver elements, particularly, shows the schematic block diagram of the antenna traces of the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 a and Fig. 4 b.In the embodiment of Figure 12 b, each antenna traces includes emitting antenna 101 and N the receiving antenna of one first.In this embodiment shown in Figure 12 b, Tx signal is delivered to emitting antenna and Rx line 1104 via power divider 1102.This makes signal derive to emitting antenna, and simultaneously using this signal as the benchmark that receives line.In the identical indication described in Rx line part, can apply two options explaining for Rx line herein.

Figure 12 c shows the schematic block diagram of the antenna traces with emitter/receiver element, particularly, shows the schematic block diagram of the antenna traces of the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 a and Fig. 5 b.In the embodiment of Figure 12 b, each antenna traces includes M the emitter/receiver element that can transmit and receive.In the present embodiment, can in turn select an emitter/receiver element in M emitter/receiver element to launch signal transmission, other M-1 emitter/receiver elements receive signal transmission simultaneously.In the embodiment shown in Figure 12 c, which antenna signal acquiring unit 109 definable signal transmissions are connected to via (M:1) switch 1105.Whether circulator (circulator) the 1107 definable emitter/receiver elements of M number are connected to transmitting or receive line.If needed, circulator 1107 allows to use transmitting/receiving model simultaneously.In data bus 1108, collect I output and the Q output of M receiver 1106.For simplicity, in Figure 12 c, only show two receivers 1106 of M receiver.

Figure 12 d shows the schematic block diagram of first day line component or the second antenna module, particularly, shows the antenna module of the embodiment shown in Fig. 6.With reference to Figure 12 d, make an explanation to single image solution being expanded to (forming thus the option of array or panel) in the 3rd (y) direction of antenna block.According to the scanning technique that uses, there is the first antenna block 201 or the second antenna block 203(Tx/Rx panel of transmitter components in the 3rd (y) direction) and the second antenna block 202 or the 4th antenna block 204 only with receiver element (Rx panel) expand from described antenna traces.

Fig. 6 shows how to solve the first embodiment scanning in the 3rd (y) direction, and wherein, Tx panel and Rx panel are filled with respectively multiple Tx/Rx lines and Rx line.As mentioned above, for the 3rd (y) direction, this solution can be used for " stop and continuing " SAR and wave beam forms concept.Figure 12 d shows the whole implementation mode of the Tx/Rx panel with K line.

In the embodiment of Figure 12 d, digital platform 1201 instructs how output scans and collect data via data input from receiver element via controlling.In direct digital synthesiser (DDS) 1203 and local oscillator 1202, generate respectively from panel respectively that base band is warbled and reference signal.Use power divider 120 by these signal drivers to Tx/Rx panel and Rx panel.

In Tx/Rx panel, in the first stage, in base band, generated signal transmission by DDS1203.Then, it is with the reference signal up conversion being generated by oscillator 1202 and mix (via frequency mixer 1205).Then, use multiplier 1206 to expand the band of signal transmission.Finally, use bandpass filter (BPF) to filter to suppress unwanted frequency component to this signal.Next stage is that signal transmission is switched to the each antenna traces in K the antenna traces that wherein needs to scan.For this reason, before switch 1209, amplify via 1208 pairs of signal transmissions of power amplifier (PA), so that the loss being caused by switch 1209 is compensated.The Tx line 1212 using in the present embodiment is the solutions shown in Figure 12 c.Signal transmission is for transmitting and be used as the benchmark of receiving course.Usage data bus 1210 is collected I output and the Q output of M receiver element, and I exports and Q exports by direct sending to digital platform 1201.

For Rx panel, generate the reference signal with acquisition beat frequency using in reception for the same way of Tx/Rx panel.As the power divider 1213 using in this case, because this signal can appear in all Rx lines and because the power level of this signal is not problem in reception, so difference is how signal is exported to K line in complete scanning process.Usage data bus 1201 is collected I output and the Q output of N receiver, and I output and Q export with the same way of Tx/Rx panel by direct sending to digital platform 1201.

In accompanying drawing and foregoing description, at length illustrated and described the present invention, still, this illustrates and description is regarded as illustrating property or exemplary and unrestricted.The present invention is not limited to disclosed embodiment.Known from accompanying drawing, open and claims, those skilled in the art can understand and realize other distortion of disclosed embodiment in the time implementing the invention of asking.

In this claim, word " comprises " does not get rid of other elements or step, and indefiniteness article " (a) " or " one (an) " do not get rid of plural number.The function of several described in a single element or other unit can execute claims.Undisputable fact is that the certain measures described in mutually different dependent claims does not show that the combination of these measures can not be utilized.

Computer program can be stored/be distributed in suitable non-volatile media, such as, provide together with other hardware or as optical storage medium or the solid state medium of other hardware parts, but, all right other formal distributions, such as, via the Internet or other wired or radio telecommunications systems.

Any reference sign in claim must not be interpreted as limiting this scope.

It is in accordance with the list of further embodiment:

1. one kind for utilizing electromagnetic wave object (1) to be scanned and provided the interferometry scanning system (1000) of the image of described object (1), and this system comprises:

First day line component (301), comprising:

The first antenna block (201), comprises at least one antenna traces, and this at least one antenna traces comprises at least one transmitter components (101) as signal transmission (103) for emitting electromagnetic wave; And

The second antenna block (202), comprise at least one antenna traces, this at least one antenna traces comprises at least three receiver element (102a that are arranged in sweep trace, 102b, 102c), receive signal (105) for receiving from the electromagnetic reflection conduct of launching of object (1), at least one transmitter components (101) of an antenna traces forms a sweep trace with the receiver element (102) of a respective antenna circuit;

This system further comprises for using interferometric method to the baseband signal (105a from described reception signal (105) down conversion, at least one signal processing unit (100) of 105b) processing, interferometric method comprises at least three important receiver elements that are identified for each sweep trace, and the main signal part that receives signal is received in these at least three important receiver elements; And for each sweep trace that wherein important receiver element is determined, determine that first between at least the first pair of important receiver element differs

and second between second pair of important receiver element differs

wherein, this at least one signal processor (100) is configured to use at least the first to differ

with second differ

the image of object (1) is provided.

2. according to the system described in embodiment 1, wherein, the first antenna block (201) is arranged to be adjacent to each other with the second antenna block (202).

3. according to the system described in embodiment 1, wherein, the first antenna block (201) is arranged to toward each other with the second antenna block (202).

4. according to the system described in any in embodiment 1 to 3, wherein, first day line component (301) is the single antenna assembly of this system.

5. according to the system (1000) described in any in embodiment 1 to 3, further comprise the second antenna module (302), the second antenna module (302) comprising:

Third antenna piece (203), comprises at least one antenna traces, and this at least one antenna traces comprises at least one transmitter components (101) as signal transmission (103) for emitting electromagnetic wave; With

The 4th antenna block (204), comprises at least one antenna traces, and this at least one antenna traces only comprises the receiver element (102) that receives signal (105) from the electromagnetic reflection conduct of launching of object (1) for receiving.

According to before the system (1000) described in any in embodiment, object (1) has major axis (A), major axis (A) definition has first, second, third and fourth quadrant (I, II, III, an axle of coordinate system IV), the first antenna block (201) is arranged in first quartile (I) and/or the second antenna block (202) is arranged in second quadrant (II) of first quartile (I).

7. according to the system (1000) described in embodiment 5 and 6, third antenna piece (203) is arranged in third quadrant (III) and/or the 4th antenna block (204) is arranged in the fourth quadrant (IV) of third quadrant (III).

8. according to the system described in any in embodiment 6 to 7, third quadrant (III) is relative with first quartile (I) diagonal formula.

9. according to the system described in any in embodiment 6 to 8, wherein, coordinate system has initial point (O), the first axle (x) and the second axle (z), and wherein, the 3rd axle (y) is in the direction of major axis (A).

10. according to the system described in embodiment 9, wherein, for each antenna module (301,302), at least one transmitter components (101) of an antenna traces and the receiver element (102) of a respective antenna circuit are disposed in the same emitter/receiver plane (P) perpendicular to the major axis (A) of object (1).

11. according to the system described in embodiment 9 or 10, and wherein, each antenna traces is all arranged to be parallel to the first axle (x).

12. according to the system described in any in embodiment 6 to 11, and wherein, each transmitter components (101) and/or each receiver element (102) are all arranged in coordinate system with non-normal angle and/or non-zero angle (θ).

13. according to before the system described in any in embodiment, wherein, for each antenna module (301,302), at least one transmitter components (101) of an antenna traces and the receiver element (102) of a respective antenna circuit form a sweep trace.

14. according to before the system described in any in embodiment, each antenna traces of each antenna traces of the first antenna block (201) and/or third antenna piece (203) includes multiple transmitter components (101).

15. according to the system described in embodiment 14, wherein, and the signal transmission of the transmitter components of the each antenna traces of sequential transmissions (101).

16. according to the system described in embodiment 14, wherein, uses the signal transmission of the transmitter components (101) of the each antenna traces of the parallel transmitting of the multiplexed concept of signal.

17. according to before the system described in any in embodiment, each antenna traces of each antenna traces of the second antenna block (202) and/or the 4th antenna block (204) comprises at least three receiver elements (102a, 102b, 102c).

18。According to the system described in any in embodiment before, wherein, at least one transmitter components (101) of the first antenna block (201) and/or third antenna piece (203) is as signal transmission and for receiving the emitter/receiver element from the electromagnetic reflection of launching of object (1) for emitting electromagnetic wave.

19. according to before the system described in any in embodiment, wherein, each antenna traces is fixed antenna circuit.

20. according to before the system described in any in embodiment, each antenna module (301,302) includes the multiple antenna traces or the sweep trace that are positioned in major axis (A) direction, thereby forms the sensor element of two-dimensional array.

21. according to the system described in embodiment 20, and wherein, each antenna traces or sweep trace are all disposed in the different emitter/receiver planes (P) perpendicular to the major axis of object (1).

22. according to before the system described in any in embodiment, wherein, each antenna traces (301,302) is removable in major axis (A) direction, thereby can form multiple sweep traces by portable antenna assembly (301,302).

23. according to before the system described in any in embodiment, further comprise the signal generator for generating FMCW signal transmission (103) or burst transmissions signal (103),

24. according to before the system described in any in embodiment, this system further comprises for based on signal transmission (103) with receive signal (105) and generate the mixing receiver that mixes reception signal.

25. according to the system described in embodiment 24, and wherein, mixing receiver is I-/Q-frequency mixer.

26. according to before the system described in any in embodiment, wherein, the number of receiver element in sweep trace (102) is higher than the number of important receiver element.

27. according to before the system described in any in embodiment, this at least one signal processor (100) is configured to for each sweep trace that wherein important receiver element is determined, determines differing between every pair of described important receiver element.

28. according to before the system described in any in embodiment, this at least one signal processor (100) be configured to use direction of arrival (DOA) algorithm for estimating to determine at least two to differ (

with

).

29. according to before the system described in any in embodiment, described at least one signal processor (100) is configured to for the sweep trace at least two different antennae pieces, by each, definite differing between each combination of important receiver element is carried out to registration or aligning.

30. according to before the system described in any one in embodiment, this at least one signal processor (100) is configured to determine multiple antenna traces in the direction (y) of major axis (A) or the picture point of sweep trace, for the 3-D view of object is provided.

31. according to the system described in embodiment 30, wherein, uses synthetic-aperture radar concept or uses wave beam to form concept and determine multiple antenna traces in the direction (y) of major axis (A) or the picture point of sweep trace.

32. according to the system described in embodiment 30 or 31, and this at least one signal processor (100) is configured to determining that at least one differs

multiple antenna traces in the direction (y) of definite major axis (A) or the picture point of sweep trace before.

33. according to the system described in embodiment 30 or 31, and this at least one signal processor (100) is configured to determining that at least one differs multiple antenna traces in the direction (y) of definite major axis (A) or the picture point of sweep trace afterwards.

34. according to before the system described in any in embodiment, this at least one signal processor (100) be configured to use interpolation algorithm according to determined differ to estimate to lose differ.

35. according to before the system described in any in embodiment, this at least one signal processor (100) is configured to calculate depth value (z) based on determined differing.

36. according to the system described in embodiment 35, this at least one signal processor (100) is configured to determine whether determined differing is greater than 2 π, and if differing, this is confirmed as being greater than 2 π, at compute depth value (z) excute phase deployment algorithm before.

37. according to before the system described in any in embodiment, wherein, for each sweep trace, determined differ and depth value (z) for creating the picture point of image of object (1).

38. according to before the system described in any in embodiment, this at least one signal processor (100) is configured to carry out image enhancement algorithm, to strengthen image.

39. according to before the system described in any in embodiment, this at least one signal processor (100) is configured in image location suspect object or article automatically.

40. according to before the system described in any in embodiment, wherein, electromagnetic wave at 1GHz in the scope of 10THz.

41. according to before the system described in any in embodiment, wherein, electromagnetic wave is millimeter wave.

Claims (45)

1. the interferometry scanning system (1000) for utilizing electromagnetic wave to scan object (1), described object (1) has major axis (A), described major axis (A) definition has first, second, third and fourth quadrant (I, II, III, an axle of coordinate system IV), described system comprises:

First day line component (301), comprising:

The first antenna block (201), comprise at least one antenna traces, this at least one antenna traces comprises at least one transmitter components (101) as signal transmission (103) for emitting electromagnetic wave, and described the first antenna block (201) is arranged in described first quartile (I); And

The second antenna block (202), comprise at least one antenna traces, this at least one antenna traces only comprises the receiver element (102) that receives signal (105) from the electromagnetic reflection conduct of launching of described object (1) for receiving, and described the second antenna block (202) is arranged in described second quadrant (II) of described first quartile (I);

The second antenna module (302), comprising:

Third antenna piece (203), comprise at least one antenna traces, this at least one antenna traces comprises at least one transmitter components (101) as signal transmission (103) for emitting electromagnetic wave, and described third antenna piece (203) is disposed in described third quadrant (III); And

The 4th antenna block (204), comprise at least one antenna traces, this at least one antenna traces only comprises the receiver element (102) that receives signal (105) from the electromagnetic reflection conduct of launching of described object (1) for receiving, and described the 4th antenna block (204) is arranged in the described fourth quadrant (IV) of described third quadrant (III);

Described system further comprises for using interferometric method to the baseband signal (105a from described reception signal (105) down conversion, at least one signal processing unit (100) of 105b) processing, described interferometric method comprises that at least one that determine between specific receiver element (102) differs

2. system according to claim 1, described third quadrant (III) is relative with described first quartile (I) diagonal formula.

3. according to the system described in claim 1 or 2, wherein, described coordinate system has initial point (O), the first axle (x) and the second axle (z), and wherein, the 3rd axle (y) is in the direction of described major axis (A).

4. system according to claim 3, wherein, for each antenna module (301,302), described at least one transmitter components (101) of an antenna traces and the described receiver element (102) of a respective antenna circuit are arranged in the same emitter/receiver plane (P) perpendicular to the described major axis (A) of described object (1).

5. according to the system described in claim 3 or 4, wherein, each antenna traces is all arranged to be parallel to described the first axle (x).

6. according to the system described in any one in claim 3 to 5, wherein, each transmitter components (101) and/or each receiver element (102) are all arranged in described coordinate system with non-normal angle and/or non-zero angle (θ).

7. the system described in any one in claim before basis, wherein, for each antenna module (301,302), described at least one transmitter components (101) of an antenna traces and the described receiver element (102) of a respective antenna circuit form a sweep trace.

According to before the system described in any one in claim, each antenna traces of each antenna traces of described the first antenna block (201) and/or described third antenna piece (203) includes multiple transmitter components (101).

9. system according to claim 8, wherein, launches the described signal transmission of the described transmitter components (101) of each antenna traces successively.

10. system according to claim 8, wherein, is used the described signal transmission of the described transmitter components (101) of the each antenna traces of the parallel transmitting of the multiplexed concept of signal.

System described in any one before 11. bases in claim, each antenna traces of each antenna traces of described the second antenna block (202) and/or described the 4th antenna block (204) comprises at least three receiver elements (102a, 102b, 102c).

System described in any one before 12. bases in claim, wherein, described at least one transmitter components (101) of described the first antenna block (201) and/or described third antenna piece (203) is as signal transmission and for receiving the emitter/receiver element from the electromagnetic reflection of launching of described object (1) for emitting electromagnetic wave.

System described in any one before 13. bases in claim, wherein, each antenna traces is fixed antenna circuit.

System described in any one before 14. bases in claim, each antenna module (301,302) includes multiple antenna traces or the sweep trace in the direction that is positioned at described major axis (A), thereby forms the sensor element of two-dimensional array.

15. systems according to claim 14, wherein, each antenna traces or sweep trace are all disposed in the different emitter/receiver planes (P) perpendicular to the described major axis of described object (1).

System described in any one before 16. bases in claim, wherein, each antenna traces (301,302) is removable in the direction of described major axis (A), thereby can form multiple sweep traces by mobile described antenna module (301,302).

System described in any one before 17. bases in claim, further comprises the signal generator for generating FMCW signal transmission (103) or burst transmissions signal (103).

System described in any one before 18. bases in claim, described system further comprises for generating based on described signal transmission (103) and described reception signal (105) the mixing receiver that mixes reception signal.

19. systems according to claim 18, wherein, described mixing receiver is I-/Q-frequency mixer.

20. according to before system described in any one in claim, described at least one differ and comprise that first differs

with second differ

System described in any one before 21. bases in claim, is further configured for the image that described object (1) is provided.

22. systems according to claim 21, described in described at least one signal processor (100) is configured to use, at least one differs

the described image of described object (1) is provided.

System described in any one before 23. bases in claim, described at least one signal processor (100) is configured to each sweep trace and determines at least two important receiver elements, and the main signal part of stating reception signal in these at least two important receiver element places is received.

24. systems according to claim 23, wherein, the number of the receiver element (102) in sweep trace is higher than the number of important receiver element.

25. according to the system described in claim 23 or 24, and described at least one signal processor (100) is configured to for each sweep trace that wherein important receiver element is determined, determines differing between every pair of described important receiver element.

26. according to the system described in any one in claim 23 or 25, described at least one signal processor (100) is configured to for each sweep trace that wherein important receiver element is determined, determines that first between first pair of important receiver element differs

and second between second pair of important receiver element differs

27. according to the system described in any one in claim 23 to 26, described at least one signal processor (100) be configured to use direction of arrival (DOA) algorithm for estimating determine described at least two differ

28. according to the system described in any one in claim 23 or 27, described at least one signal processor (100) is configured to for the sweep trace at least two different antennae pieces, registration or aim at each to determined the differing between each combination of important receiver element.

System described in any one before 29. bases in claim, described at least one signal processor (100) is configured to determine multiple antenna traces in the direction (y) of described major axis (A) or the picture point of sweep trace, for the 3-D view of described object is provided.

30. systems according to claim 29, wherein, are used synthetic-aperture radar concept or use wave beam to form concept and determine multiple antenna traces in the direction (y) of described major axis (A) or the described picture point of sweep trace.

31. according to the system described in claim 29 or 30, described at least one signal processor (100) be configured to determine described at least one differ

multiple antenna traces in the direction (y) of definite described major axis (A) or the described picture point of sweep trace before.

32. according to the system described in claim 29 or 30, described at least one signal processor (100) be configured to determine described at least one differ multiple antenna traces in the direction (y) of definite described major axis (A) or the described picture point of sweep trace afterwards.

System described in any one before 33. bases in claim, described at least one signal processor (100) is configured to use interpolation algorithm to estimate that according to determined differing loss differs.

System described in any one in claim before 34. bases, described at least one signal processor (100) is configured to calculate depth value (z) based on determined differing.

35. systems according to claim 34, described at least one signal processor (100) is configured to determine whether determined differing is greater than 2 π, and if described in differ and be confirmed as being greater than 2 π, at compute depth value (z) excute phase deployment algorithm before.

36. according to the system described in claim 34 or 35, wherein, for each sweep trace, determine differ and depth value (z) for creating the picture point of described image of described object (1).

System described in any one before 37. bases in claim, described at least one signal processor (100) is configured to carry out image enhancement algorithm, to strengthen described image.

System described in any one before 38. bases in claim, described at least one signal processor (100) is configured to suspect object or article to be automatically positioned in described image.

System described in any one before 39. bases in claim, wherein, described electromagnetic wave is in 1GHz arrives the scope of 10THz.

System described in any one before 40. bases in claim, wherein, described electromagnetic wave is millimeter wave.

41. 1 kinds for to utilizing electromagnetic wave to scan object (1) and for interferometry scanning and the imaging system (1000) of image of described object (1) is provided, described system comprises:

First day line component (301), comprising:

The first antenna block (201), comprises at least one antenna traces, and this at least one antenna traces comprises at least one transmitter components (101) as signal transmission (103) for emitting electromagnetic wave; And

The second antenna block (202), comprise at least one antenna traces, this at least one antenna traces comprises at least three receiver element (102a that are arranged in sweep trace, 102b, 102c), receive signal (105) for receiving from the electromagnetic reflection conduct of launching of described object (1), described at least one transmitter components (101) of an antenna traces and the described receiver element (102) of a respective antenna circuit form a sweep trace;

Described system further comprises at least one signal processing unit (100), described at least one signal processing unit (100) is for using interferometric method to the baseband signal (105a from described reception signal (105) down conversion, 105b) process, described interferometric method is included as each sweep trace and determines at least three important receiver elements, received in the main signal part that receives signal described in these at least three important receiver elements; And for each sweep trace that wherein important receiver element is determined, determine that first between at least the first pair of important receiver element differs

and second between second pair of important receiver element differs

wherein, described at least one signal processor (100) at least the first differs described in being configured to use with described second differ

the image of described object (1) is provided.

42. 1 kinds of interferometry scan methods for utilizing electromagnetic wave to scan object (1), described object (1) has major axis (A), described major axis (A) definition has first, second, third and fourth quadrant (I, II, III, an axle of coordinate system IV), described method comprises:

By the first antenna block (201) emitting electromagnetic wave as signal transmission (103), described the first antenna block (201) comprises at least one antenna traces with at least one transmitter components (101), and described the first antenna block (201) is arranged in described first quartile (I); And

Receive from the electromagnetic reflection conduct of launching of described object (1) and receive signal (105) by the second antenna block (202), described the second antenna block (202) comprises at least one antenna traces, this at least one antenna traces only comprises receiver element (102), and described the second antenna block (202) is arranged in described second quadrant (II) of described first quartile (I);

By third antenna piece (203) emitting electromagnetic wave as signal transmission (103), described third antenna piece (203) comprises at least one antenna traces, this at least one antenna traces comprises at least one transmitter components (101), and described third antenna piece (203) is arranged in described third quadrant (III); And

Receive from the electromagnetic reflection conduct of launching of described object (1) and receive signal (105) by the 4th antenna block (204), described the 4th antenna block (204) comprises at least one antenna traces, this at least one antenna traces only comprises receiver element (102), and described the 4th antenna block (204) is arranged in the described fourth quadrant (IV) of described third quadrant (III);

Use interferometric method to processing from the baseband signal (105a, 105b) of described reception signal (105) down conversion, described interferometric method comprises that at least one that determine between specific receiver element (102) differs

43. 1 kinds for utilizing electromagnetic wave to scan object (1) and for interferometry scanning and the formation method of image of described object (1) is provided, described method comprises:

By the first antenna block (201) emitting electromagnetic wave, as signal transmission (103), described the first antenna block (201) comprises at least one antenna traces, and this at least one antenna traces comprises at least one transmitter components (101); And

Receive from the electromagnetic reflection conduct of launching of described object (1) and receive signal (105) by the second antenna block (202), described the second antenna block (202) comprises at least one antenna traces, this at least one antenna traces comprises at least three receiver element (102a, 102b, 102c), described at least one transmitter components (101) of an antenna traces and the described receiver element (102) of a respective antenna circuit form a sweep trace;

Use interferometric method to processing from the baseband signal (105a, 105b) of described reception signal (105) down conversion, described interferometric method comprises:

For each sweep trace is determined at least three important receiver elements, received in the main signal part that receives signal described in described at least three important receiver elements; And

To each sweep trace of the important receiver element that wherein important receiver element is determined, determine that first between at least the first pair of important receiver element differs

and second between second pair of important receiver element differs

Described in use, at least the first differs

with described second differ

the image of described object (1) is provided.

44. 1 kinds comprise in the time carrying out on computers, cause computing machine carry out as claim 42 or 43 claimed as described in method as described in the computer program of program code member of step.

45. 1 kinds have the computer-readable non-volatile media of storage instruction thereon, described instruction in the time being performed on computers, make described computing machine carry out as claim 42 or 43 claimed as described in method as described in step.

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