CN103778469A - Blasting scheme selection method based on neural network optimization genetic algorithm - Google Patents

Blasting scheme selection method based on neural network optimization genetic algorithm Download PDF

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CN103778469A
CN103778469A CN201310023238.1A CN201310023238A CN103778469A CN 103778469 A CN103778469 A CN 103778469A CN 201310023238 A CN201310023238 A CN 201310023238A CN 103778469 A CN103778469 A CN 103778469A
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blasting
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genetic algorithm
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张洋
王雨虹
刘涛
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Liaoning Technical University
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Abstract

This invention discloses a blasting scheme selection method based on neural network optimization genetic algorithm and is characterized by using blasting impact factors and blasting hazard forms as an input value and an output value of the neural network to practice, and the practiced neural network is used as a fitness function for the genetic algorithm. The blasting impact factor include : blasthole (HL), spacing ((i)S(/i)), charge deepness ((i)B(i)), blocking deepness ((i)ST(/I)), specific charge ((i)PF(/i)), and hole drilling rate ((i)SD(/i)), and the blasting hazard forms include overbreak deepness ((i)B(/i)) and a distance of flying rocks ((i)FR(/i)). The genetic algorithm (GA) is used to find the best overbreak deepness ((i)B(/i)) and the distance of flying rocks ((i)FR(/i)) so as to optimize the blasting scheme parameters. The blasting scheme parameter optimization comprises data collection, fitness function construction based on genetic algorithm of ANN, blasting scheme parameter preference based on the genetic algorithm (GA) and determination of the final result of the blasting optimization scheme according to Pareto picture. The blasting scheme selection method can be widely applicable to the blasting scheme optimization selection during an exploitation of a strip mine.

Description

A kind of blasting scheme system of selection based on Neural Network Optimization genetic algorithm
Technical field
the present invention relates to strip mining transformation blasting scheme is selected, particularly relate to blasting scheme system of selection based on Neural Network Optimization genetic algorithm.
Background technology
The formulation of blasting scheme is the important content in mining activity.Parameter in scheme is selected affected by several factors.The blasting scheme that different mining areas is used is all variant, is mainly physical and mechanical property and the groundwater environment etc. of considering output, geologic condition, rock.
Definite requirement that should meet safety, technology and economic aspect of blasting parameter.No person will produce serious accident, and wherein the overbreak degree of depth (BB) and stone fling distance (FR) (hereinafter referred overbreak and slungshot) are one of the most common and dangerous accidents.Overbreak is the phenomenon that exceedes predetermined depth due to the length of shot that inappropriate parameter setting causes, and it will exceed prior prediction to the destruction of rock mass, causes the accident such as landslide and avalanche of rock; Slungshot (FR) is due to parameter improper rock after causing explosion energy to make the to destroy safe range of setting in advance that flies out equally, gives the man-machine accident damaging around.
Some researchs are done to overbreak with slungshot and correlative factor thereof both at home and abroad.But the effect of the overbreak and slungshot research based on experimental formula is also bad, and this is because experimental formula just simply meets experimental data, may not have theoretical foundation at all.
Use ANN using dark the borehole in blasting scheme (HL), spacing (S), shot depth (B), the obstruction degree of depth (ST), powder factor (PF) and boring rate (SD) as its input value, overbreak (BB) and slungshot (FR) are trained and predicted as output valve, and done network error analysis.Neural network (hereinafter referred ANN) after use training, as the fitness function of genetic algorithm (hereinafter referred GA), is optimized blasting parameter by GA, finally uses Pareto figure to obtain optimized parameter.
Summary of the invention
In strip mining transformation process, the problem that blasting scheme exists, the present invention proposes a kind of blasting scheme system of selection based on Neural Network Optimization genetic algorithm.
1. the data of choosing: collect data for training and verification model, borehole dark ( hL), spacing ( s), shot depth ( b), block the degree of depth ( sT), powder factor ( pF) and boring rate ( sD) as its input value, by overbreak ( bB) and slungshot ( fR) as output valve.Data ( hL, s, b, sT, pF, sD, bB, fR) be altogether 100 groups, be divided at random training set (80%) and test set (20%).
2. the structure of the suitable function of the GA based on ANN: the main task of ANN training is to select to imply the number of plies, imply into interior neuron number, transport function and weight.This adaptive process is exactly network error while reaching minimum threshold values, determines the process of above-mentioned parameter.Network error normally by square error ( mSE) and the coefficient of determination (r 2) judge as evaluation index, mSEas the formula (1)
Figure 887280DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
(1)
In formula: O iand T ithe output valve of representative prediction and actual measurement respectively, N represents data logarithm.
In order to improve efficiency and the generalization of training, the input value of ANN and output valve should be standardized, and these values drop on according to corresponding algorithm
In [1,1].Formula (2) value of making of formatting use linear gauge drops in above-mentioned scope.
Figure 804420DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
(2)
Predict with feed forward type neural network (FFNN).First to determine the implicit network number of plies and calculate neuronic quantity effective utilization of FFNN.If hidden layer has enough hidden neurons, using so the two-layer neural network of hyperbolic curve tangent S transport function and linear transmission function composition is comparatively suitable structure.Neuronic quantity is to avoid the key of over adaptation problem, if the performance of some ANN adaptation training data is identical, so the simplest ANN is best.According to the experience of current research, determine that the neuronal quantity in hidden layer can not be by accurately calculating, generally can only after training and prediction, could, to its adjustment to increase its adaptability, still can estimate it by some relevant parameters, as shown in table 1.
Neuronic estimate amount in single hidden layer of table 1 data
Figure 380895DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Note: n i, n 0and n trespectively input neuron quantity, output neuron quantity and training sample quantity, n in this example i=2, n 0=1, n t=35(50 × 70%, the 50th, minimum experiment number); K is noise figure, k=4; ;
Figure 776104DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
the constant that crosses the border,
Figure 918373DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
=1.25.
3. the blasting scheme optimization of parameters based on GA: the ANN after use training is as GA fitness function, to the optimizing process of blasting parameter as shown in Figure 1.
Input value and the scope thereof optimized are set, and initial population number equates with the data set quantity of ANN, and chromosomal length and genic value are by the automatic setting of MATLAB.Chromosomal evaluation is by training the ANN obtaining to complete as fitness function through upper step.If the chromosome after evaluating meets the hereditary condition that stops, determining that so the chromosome of final algebraically carries out Pareto map analysis, finally corresponding bBwith fRminimum chromosome is optimum solution.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The optimizing process of Fig. 1 GA to blasting parameter
The real figure in Fig. 2 iron ore field
The predicted value of Fig. 3 slungshot and measured value graph of a relation
The super sudden and violent predicted value of Fig. 4 and measured value graph of a relation
Fig. 5 GA optimum results Pareto contrasts caption: the data that use in figure are normalizing data.
Slungshot and overbreak and value caption in Fig. 6 Pareto figure: the data that use in figure are normalizing data.
Embodiment
For above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage are become apparent more, below in conjunction with the correlation theory using and embodiment, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
Anshan iron and steel plant group iron ore as shown in Figure 2, is positioned at the southeast, Anshan 12km, and iron ore-deposit is positioned at numerous mountains mountain range In Northwestern Margin, and landforms belong to undulating topography, and in existing mining area, peak is positioned at northeast, mining area, and height above sea level is 100.2m, and exploitation is to approximately-280m level now.Ore bodies exists in Anshan group metamorphic rocks, ore body lower wall and gneissic flower hilllock matter mixed rock are with F15 fault contact, upper dish is integrated and is contacted with green mud quartz-schist, the east and Qianshan Granite are with F1 fault contact, west end is with migmatitic granite with F14 fault contact, and 300~320 ° of orebody trends, are inclined to NE, 60~80 °, inclination angle, ore body and country rock occurrence are basically identical.
The data of collecting comprise parameter hL, s, b, sT, pFwith sDas its input value, bBwith fRas output, parameter correlation information is as shown in table 2.Data ( hL, s, b, sT, pF, sD, bB, fR) be altogether 100 groups, be divided at random training set (80%) and test set (20%).
Table 2 input/output argument relevant information
Figure 803152DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
The main task of ANN training is to select to imply the number of plies, imply into interior neuron number, transport function and weight.This adaptive process is exactly network error while reaching minimum threshold values, determines the process of above-mentioned parameter.Network error normally by square error ( mSE) and the coefficient of determination (r 2) judge as evaluation index, mSEas the formula (1).
In order to improve efficiency and the generalization of training, the input value of ANN and output valve should be standardized, and these values drop in [1,1] according to corresponding algorithm.Formula (2) value of making of formatting use linear gauge drops in above-mentioned scope.
Predict with feed forward type neural network (FFNN).First to determine the implicit network number of plies and calculate neuronic quantity effective utilization of FFNN.If hidden layer has enough hidden neurons, using so the two-layer neural network of hyperbolic curve tangent S transport function and linear transmission function composition is comparatively suitable structure.Neuronic quantity is to avoid the key of over adaptation problem, if the performance of some ANN adaptation training data is identical, so the simplest ANN is best.According to the experience of current research, determine that the neuronal quantity in hidden layer can not be by accurately calculating, generally can only after training and prediction, could, to its adjustment to increase its adaptability, still can estimate it by some relevant parameters.Final ANN structure is 6 neurons of input layer, and hidden layer 1 comprises 12 neurons, and hidden layer 2 comprises 6 neurons, and output layer comprises 2 neurons.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 represent respectively the relation between slungshot and super sudden and violent measured value and predicted value.The estimated performance of ANN model that therefrom can find out structure is very high.In the time carrying out the member of next step model, this ANN model, using the fitness function as the GA to blasting parameters optimization, further participates in parameter optimization.
4 blasting scheme optimization of parameters based on GA
ANN after use training is as GA fitness function, to the optimizing process of blasting parameter as shown in Figure 1.
Input value and the scope thereof optimized are set, and initial population number equates with the data set quantity of ANN, and chromosomal length and genic value are by the automatic setting of MATLAB.Chromosomal evaluation is by training the ANN obtaining to complete as fitness function through upper step.If the chromosome after evaluating meets the hereditary condition that stops, determining that so the chromosome of final algebraically (this example was 90 generations) carries out Pareto map analysis, finally corresponding bBwith fRminimum chromosome is optimum solution.
Because fitness function comprises two output valves, should use so multiple objective function optimization.For this function, often use tournament mode to carry out the selection of coefficient.The two point method that interaction coefficent is is 90% by crossover probability is determined.It is variation probability that the coefficient of variation is used 1% of the general application of engineering problem.
Fig. 5 has shown the result of GA Blasting Parameters Optimization.Because the suitable function of target is two-dimentional output function, use Pareto figure to be described here.In the time that GA was converged in for 90 generation, reach hereditary stop condition, algorithm stops, and 24 chromosomes that at this moment remain are optimum solutions.First point in figure (first point of upper left) slungshot value minimum, super sudden and violent value maximum (value after normalization), last point (last point of bottom right) slungshot value maximum, super sudden and violent value is minimum.According to the character of Pareto figure, optimum chromosome should be two coordinates and minimum point.Fig. 6 show in Pareto figure each put two coordinates and.Minimum value is the 11st point (chromosome) as can be seen from Figure, minimum value and be 0.05801.According to above-mentioned 24 chromosomes, according to the blasting scheme parameter value of individual features and formula (2), optimize output respectively fRwith bBvalue (the 14th behavior optimal value, i.e. optimum blasting scheme) as shown in table 3.Borehole dark ( hL), spacing ( s), shot depth ( b), block the degree of depth ( sT), powder factor ( pF) and boring rate ( sD) as its input value, by overbreak ( bB) and slungshot ( fR) do
Table 3 explosion prioritization scheme net result
Consider at the same time that slungshot and overbreak two aspects reach optimum, genetic algorithm has generated 24 chromosomes that finally reach hereditary condition.Analysis by Pareto figure to two factors, finally selects Sub_clause 11 chromosome to require the superior in chromosome as meeting heredity.At this moment minimum value and be 0.05801 after slungshot and overbreak normalization, actual value is respectively stone fling distance 27.3386m, overbreak degree of depth 0.6999m.I.e. the 11st behavior optimum blasting scheme in table 2.

Claims (9)

1. the blasting scheme system of selection based on Neural Network Optimization genetic algorithm, it is characterized in that, the ANN using, for feed forward type neural network, optimizes by GA bBwith fR, first collect data for training and verification model, borehole dark ( hL), spacing ( s), shot depth ( b), block the degree of depth ( sT), powder factor ( pF) and boring rate ( sD) as its input value, by overbreak ( bB) and slungshot ( fR) as output valve (hereinafter use be called for short), optimum ANN after training, as the fitness function of GA, is optimized blasting parameter scheme, finally for two-dimensional optimization problem, use Pareto figure to determine the blasting parameter scheme of safety economy, the present invention blasting scheme optimization in opencast mining engineering is selected.
2. neural network according to claim 1, is characterized in that, feed forward type neural network (FFNN), the two-layer neural network that uses hyperbolic curve tangent S transport function and linear transmission function to form.
3. feed forward type neural network neural network according to claim 2, is characterized in that, in hidden layer, neuronic estimative figure measures
Figure 2013100232381100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
minimum value.
4. in hidden layer according to claim 2, neuronic estimate amount, is characterized in that, the value of estimator: n i, n 0and n trespectively input neuron quantity, output neuron quantity and training sample quantity, n i=2, n 0=1, n t=35(50 × 70%, the 50th, minimum experiment number); K is noise figure, k=4; ;
Figure 2013100232381100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
the constant that crosses the border,
Figure 839709DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
=1.25.
5. neural network according to claim 1, is characterized in that, god should standardize network input value and output valve, and these values drop in [1,1] according to corresponding algorithm, and normalization formula is:
Figure 2013100232381100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
In formula: x 'the value after normalization, x maxand x minbe respectively the maximal value and the minimum value that are normalized in experimental data ordered series of numbers.
6. neural network according to claim 1, is characterized in that, collect data for training and verification model, borehole dark ( hL), spacing ( s), shot depth ( b), block the degree of depth ( sT), powder factor ( pF) and boring rate ( sD) as its input value, by overbreak ( bB) and slungshot ( fR) as output valve, data ( hL, s, b, sT, pF, sD, bB, fR) be altogether 100 groups, be divided at random training set (80%) and test set (20%).
7. genetic algorithm according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the suitable function of GA be based on ANN structure, error be by square error ( mSE) and the coefficient of determination (r 2) judge as evaluation index.
8. blasting scheme system of selection according to claim 1, is characterized in that, blasting scheme optimization of parameters based on GA, ANN after use training is as GA fitness function, input value and the scope thereof optimized are set, and initial population number equates with the data set quantity of ANN, and chromosomal length and genic value are by the automatic setting of MATLAB.
9. chromosome according to claim 8, is characterized in that, chromosomal evaluation is by training the ANN obtaining to complete as fitness function through upper step, if the chromosome after evaluating meets the hereditary condition that stops, determining that so the chromosome of final algebraically carries out Pareto map analysis, finally corresponding bBwith fRminimum chromosome is optimum solution.
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CN111259601A (en) * 2020-01-16 2020-06-09 南华大学 Blasting blockiness prediction method, device and medium based on random GA-BP neural network group
CN111950203A (en) * 2020-08-13 2020-11-17 中核华辰建筑工程有限公司 Blasting vibration speed prediction method based on adaptive neural fuzzy inference system
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104390534A (en) * 2014-10-11 2015-03-04 同济大学 Tunnel smooth surface blasting quality control method
CN106290263A (en) * 2015-05-19 2017-01-04 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 A kind of LIBS calibration and quantitative analysis method based on genetic algorithm
CN106290263B (en) * 2015-05-19 2018-08-24 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 A kind of LIBS calibration and quantitative analysis methods based on genetic algorithm
CN107506831A (en) * 2017-08-03 2017-12-22 中国矿业大学(北京) Blasting parameters determination method and system
CN108399296A (en) * 2018-02-27 2018-08-14 大连海事大学 A kind of vibration velocity prediction technique for the foundation pit static blasting closing on structures
CN109102109A (en) * 2018-07-16 2018-12-28 四川大学 A kind of piece of exploitation of stone explosion gradation prediction technique
US11307327B2 (en) 2018-10-26 2022-04-19 Tata Consultancy Services Limited Method and system for online monitoring and optimization of mining and mineral processing operations
CN111062113B (en) * 2018-12-03 2023-08-25 湘潭大学 Comprehensive optimization method for mining explosion parameters of stope under complex filling conditions
CN111062113A (en) * 2018-12-03 2020-04-24 湘潭大学 Novel stope mining blasting parameter comprehensive optimization method under complex filling body condition
CN110457758B (en) * 2019-07-16 2023-03-24 江西理工大学 Method, device and system for predicting unstable phase of rock mass and storage medium
CN110457758A (en) * 2019-07-16 2019-11-15 江西理工大学 Prediction technique, device, system and the storage medium in Instability of Rock Body stage
CN111259601A (en) * 2020-01-16 2020-06-09 南华大学 Blasting blockiness prediction method, device and medium based on random GA-BP neural network group
CN111950203A (en) * 2020-08-13 2020-11-17 中核华辰建筑工程有限公司 Blasting vibration speed prediction method based on adaptive neural fuzzy inference system
CN112800673A (en) * 2021-01-27 2021-05-14 昆明理工大学 Method for predicting blasting block degree based on SA-GA-BP algorithm
CN118070670A (en) * 2024-03-13 2024-05-24 北京交通大学 Digital twinning-based intelligent optimization system for smooth blasting by tunnel drilling and blasting method
CN118070670B (en) * 2024-03-13 2024-09-13 北京交通大学 Digital twinning-based intelligent optimization system for smooth blasting by tunnel drilling and blasting method

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