CN103778321A - Method for analyzing wind action dynamic performance of super high-rise building swing-arm tower crane - Google Patents
Method for analyzing wind action dynamic performance of super high-rise building swing-arm tower crane Download PDFInfo
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- CN103778321A CN103778321A CN201410000301.4A CN201410000301A CN103778321A CN 103778321 A CN103778321 A CN 103778321A CN 201410000301 A CN201410000301 A CN 201410000301A CN 103778321 A CN103778321 A CN 103778321A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for analyzing wind action dynamic performance of a super high-rise building swing-arm tower crane. The method includes the steps of calculating magnitude of wind action force borne by a boom, a tower body and a tower top; dividing the number of key points corresponding to loads with the loads and distributing the wind action force onto the key points averagely; calculating the wind action force in a work state and the wind action force in a non-work state to verify influences on the tower crane; analyzing the stress condition of the crane and the stress conditions of poles in a steel structure so that stress can be reasonable. Influences of wind action dynamic performance on the tower crane are analyzed in terms of structural strength and stability of the tower crane, the wind-resistance problem existing in the design and use processes is concretely analyzed in terms of wind load, the capacity of the tower crane in resisting wind damage is improved, and a reference function is achieved on reinforcement and design of a tower crane in the future. The method is simple and convenient to carry out and improves safety performance of the tower crane.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to building machinery technical field, relate in particular to a kind of method of high-rise building whip-typed tower crane wind effect dynamic Property Analysis.
Background technology
Tower crane is the requisite key equipment of building operation, it is one of significant important equipment of construction enterprises' equipment, metal construction is as the main skeleton of tower machine, its structural strength and rigidity are determining functional reliability and the security of tower machine, therefore, it is carried out to the static and performance analysis of structure is a very important job during tower machine designs, in recent years, the accident of crane is frequent, cause very large loss to national wealth and personal safety, also incured loss through delay finishing on schedule of producing and construct, from the investigation result of accident, part accident is to cause because of the impact of wind-engaging acting force, therefore tower crane can effectively be resisted windburn, to promote safety in production and guarantee the important process that operation is carried out smoothly.
Particularly multistoried building tower crane is seldom considered the impact at work of wind acting force in design at present, and due to the restriction of execution conditions, usually exceed its constrain height, if add the condition of work of windward acting force, thereby may cause toppling of tower crane.
Summary of the invention
The object of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of high-rise building whip-typed tower crane wind effect dynamic Property Analysis, is intended to solve at present particularly multistoried building tower crane little problem of considering the impact at work of wind acting force in design.
The embodiment of the present invention is achieved in that a kind of method of high-rise building whip-typed tower crane wind effect dynamic Property Analysis, and the method for this high-rise building whip-typed tower crane wind effect dynamic Property Analysis comprises the following steps:
Calculate jib, tower body, the size of the wind acting force that tower top is subject to;
Respectively by these load except key point number corresponding to load, by wind acting force mean allocation on key point;
Wind acting force in working order and the wind acting force of off working state, calculate, the impact of checking on tower crane;
Stressing conditions to each bar in crane machine stress situation and steel construction is analyzed, and makes reasonable stress.
Further, calculate jib, tower body, the big or small concrete steps of the wind acting force that tower top is subject to are:
According to the actual loading situation of tower crane, counterweight, lift heavy, inertia load are put on to corresponding node with equivalent node load;
Be equivalent to uniform line load for wind load and put on corresponding unit, tower body and lateral support truss are asked and are reduced to hingedly, be equivalent to the joint constraint of single-degree-of-freedom;
Tower body and immobilizing foundation connect node and are considered as hold-down support, and six-freedom degree all retrains.
Further, the concrete grammar that the tower crane under duty is carried out to force analysis is:
In working order, take off 3 kinds of operating modes of face as design condition, tower body is carried out to finite element method (fem) analysis, operating mode 1: lifting beam is parallel to Y-axis, wind blows to counterweight from arm; Operating mode 2: lifting beam is parallel to X-axis, vertical with wind direction; Operating mode 3: lifting beam and X, Y-axis are 45 ° of angles, and wind direction is parallel to lifting beam;
Further, comparing three kinds of operating modes by analysis can draw to draw a conclusion: suffered in the time that wind vertically blows to crane arm support, act on jib and lift heavy on wind acting force make crane body produce a moment of torsion M, this moment of torsion is decomposed on four limit plane girders of fuselage, the web member of four plate plane truss will produce a stress σ
1be directly proportional apart from the horizontal range of fuselage to the size of wind acting force, the application point of the wind heart, obviously, wind carries larger, and the residing amplitude of jib is larger, the σ in web member
1just larger, in addition, jib also will make tower body web member produce a stress σ from gravity, lift heavy power and revolution inertial force
1, σ
2also be directly proportional to amplitude size, in the time that actual design is calculated, can find, in the time that a certain wind carries, σ
1be far longer than σ
2, illustrate that the principal element of now controlling web member stress value is that wind carries, therefore, at jib during in position significantly, pay special attention to the unstability of the fuselage web member that vertically-supplying air causes and cause crane to destroy;
In the time that wind head-on blows along crane arm support, crane is in the time of minimum radius, wind carries and will make crane arm support produce tip back bend distance around jib root hinge, exceed certain value if wind carries, and crane is just in time sky hook, this hypsokinesis moment of flexure will overcome the lean forward moment of flexure of jib from gravity, jib is tumbled backward, for the crane that preventing backward tilting of arm support device is not set, the hypsokinesis of jib will cause complete machine to destroy, therefore should be provided with preventing backward tilting of arm support device.
The method of high-rise building whip-typed tower crane wind effect dynamic Property Analysis provided by the invention, by the structural strength from tower crane, stability analysis wind effect power performance, it is affected, and the anti-wind problems existing from the aspects such as wind carries concrete analysis design and use process, improve tower crane and can resist the ability of windburn, promote safety in production and guaranteed that operation carries out smoothly, there is good economic effect, effectively save financial resources, man power and material, in the Design of Reinforcement for later tower crane, have reference function.The inventive method is simple, easy to operate, has improved the security performance of tower crane.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the method for the high-rise building whip-typed tower crane wind effect dynamic Property Analysis that provides of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the performance analysis schematic diagram that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 3 is the finite element analysis model schematic diagram that the embodiment of the present invention provides.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows the method flow of high-rise building whip-typed tower crane wind effect dynamic Property Analysis provided by the invention.For convenience of explanation, only show part related to the present invention.
The method of the high-rise building whip-typed tower crane wind effect dynamic Property Analysis of the embodiment of the present invention, the method for this high-rise building whip-typed tower crane wind effect dynamic Property Analysis comprises the following steps:
Calculate jib, tower body, the size of the wind acting force that tower top is subject to;
Respectively by these load except key point number corresponding to load, by wind acting force mean allocation on key point;
Wind acting force in working order and the wind acting force of off working state, calculate, the impact of checking on tower crane;
Stressing conditions to each bar in crane machine stress situation and steel construction is analyzed, and makes reasonable stress.
As a prioritization scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, calculate jib, tower body, the big or small concrete steps of the wind acting force that tower top is subject to are:
According to the actual loading situation of tower crane, counterweight, lift heavy, inertia load are put on to corresponding node with equivalent node load;
Be equivalent to uniform line load for wind load and put on corresponding unit, tower body and lateral support truss are asked and are reduced to hingedly, be equivalent to the joint constraint of single-degree-of-freedom;
Tower body and immobilizing foundation connect node and are considered as hold-down support, and six-freedom degree all retrains.
As a prioritization scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, the concrete grammar that the tower crane under duty is carried out to force analysis is:
In working order, take off 3 kinds of operating modes of face as design condition, tower body is carried out to finite element method (fem) analysis, operating mode 1: lifting beam is parallel to Y-axis, wind blows to counterweight from arm; Operating mode 2: lifting beam is parallel to X-axis, vertical with wind direction; Operating mode 3: lifting beam and X, Y-axis are 45 ° of angles, and wind direction is parallel to lifting beam.
As a prioritization scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, comparing three kinds of operating modes by analysis can draw to draw a conclusion: suffered in the time that wind vertically blows to crane arm support, act on jib and lift heavy on wind acting force make crane body produce a moment of torsion M, this moment of torsion is decomposed on four limit plane girders of fuselage, the web member of four plate plane truss will produce a stress σ
1be directly proportional apart from the horizontal range of fuselage to the size of wind acting force, the application point of the wind heart, obviously, wind carries larger, and the residing amplitude of jib is larger, the σ in web member
1just larger, in addition, jib also will make tower body web member produce a stress σ from gravity, lift heavy power and revolution inertial force
1, σ
2also be directly proportional to amplitude size, in the time that actual design is calculated, can find, in the time that a certain wind carries, σ
1be far longer than σ
2, illustrate that the principal element of now controlling web member stress value is that wind carries, therefore, at jib during in position significantly, pay special attention to the unstability of the fuselage web member that vertically-supplying air causes and cause crane to destroy;
In the time that wind head-on blows along crane arm support, crane is in the time of minimum radius, wind carries and will make crane arm support produce tip back bend distance around jib root hinge, exceed certain value if wind carries, and crane is just in time sky hook, this hypsokinesis moment of flexure will overcome the lean forward moment of flexure of jib from gravity, jib is tumbled backward, for the crane that preventing backward tilting of arm support device is not set, the hypsokinesis of jib will cause complete machine to destroy, therefore should be provided with preventing backward tilting of arm support device.
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, application principle of the present invention is further described.
As shown in Figure 1, the method for the high-rise building whip-typed tower crane wind effect dynamic Property Analysis of the embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:
S101: calculate jib, tower body, the size of the wind acting force that tower top is subject to;
S102: respectively by these load except key point number corresponding to load, by wind acting force mean allocation on key point;
S103: wind acting force in working order and the wind acting force of off working state, calculate the impact of checking on tower crane;
S104: the stressing conditions to each bar in crane machine stress situation and steel construction is analyzed, and makes reasonable stress.
Principle of work of the present invention is:
For wind acting force, first calculate jib, tower body, the size of the wind acting force that tower top is subject to, remove key point number corresponding to load by these load respectively, thereby on key point, the i.e. wind load on tower crane and article of wind effect power performance, can be divided into the wind acting force of duty and wind acting force two classes of off working state by wind acting force mean allocation; The wind acting force of duty has again three kinds of operating modes, for wind acting force, first calculates jib, tower body, the size of the wind acting force that tower top is subject to, respectively by these load except key point number corresponding to load, thereby by wind acting force mean allocation on key point;
The finite element model of tower crane as shown in Figure 1, the first processing to tower machine boundary condition, according to the actual loading situation of tower crane, puts on corresponding node by counterweight, lift heavy, inertia load etc. with equivalent node load; Be equivalent to uniform line load for wind load and put on corresponding unit, tower body and lateral support truss ask and be reduced to hingedly, and be equivalent to the joint constraint of single-degree-of-freedom, tower body and immobilizing foundation connect node and be considered as hold-down support, and its six-freedom degree is all retrained;
Specific embodiments of the invention:
Wind effect power performance performance analysis as shown in Figure 2, the wind function analysis of crane comprises duty and two kinds of situations of off working state, first can not omit, the second blast value is wanted accurately, duty max calculation blast, for calculating intensity, rigidity and the stability of metal construction, the stability against overturning under checking computations complete machine duty; Off working state rated wind pressure, for checking the now designing and calculating of the windproof antiskid safety feature of intensity, complete machine stability against overturning and the crane of crane metal construction, will be according to the stressing conditions of each bar in the specific works characteristic clear and definite crane machine stress situation of the singularity of crane and crane and steel construction, make reasonable stress, avoid causing because force analysis is unclear design mistake, wind-proof device perfect, effectively and reasonably to be set simultaneously, report to the police such as anemoscope provides wind speed wind scale;
(1) wind effect is on affecting under tower crane duty: tower body in the course of the work, due to the rotation of arm, cause the variation of tower body stress, its force-bearing situation, the present invention mainly carries out force analysis to the tower crane under duty, in working order under, take off 3 kinds of operating modes of face as design condition, tower body is carried out to finite element method (fem) analysis, because the blast of tower crane duty is not considered height change, generally press and calculate by strong breeze; The off working state blast of tower machine all needs to consider the variation of height,
Operating mode 1: lifting beam is parallel to Y-axis, wind blows to counterweight from arm;
Operating mode 2: lifting beam is parallel to X-axis, vertical with wind direction;
Operating mode 3: lifting beam and X, Y-axis are 45 ° of angles, and wind direction is parallel to lifting beam,
Comparing three kinds of operating modes by analysis can draw to draw a conclusion: suffered in the time that wind vertically blows to crane arm support, act on jib and lift heavy on wind acting force make crane body produce a moment of torsion M, this moment of torsion is decomposed on four limit plane girders of fuselage, the web member of four plate plane truss will produce the size of a stress σ 1 with wind acting force, the application point of the wind heart is directly proportional apart from the horizontal range of fuselage, obviously, wind carries larger, the residing amplitude of jib is larger, σ 1 in web member is just larger, in addition, jib is from gravity, lift heavy power and revolution inertial force also will make tower body web member produce a stress σ 1, σ 2 is also directly proportional to amplitude size, in the time that calculating, actual design can find, in the time that a certain wind carries, σ 1 has been far longer than σ 2, this principal element of now controlling web member stress value with regard to explanation is that wind carries, therefore, at jib during in position significantly, pay special attention to the unstability of the fuselage web member that vertically-supplying air causes and cause crane to destroy,
In the time that wind head-on blows along crane arm support, crane is in the time of minimum radius, wind carries and will make crane arm support produce tip back bend distance around jib root hinge, exceed certain value if wind carries, and crane is just in time sky hook, this hypsokinesis moment of flexure will overcome the lean forward moment of flexure of jib from gravity, jib is tumbled backward, for the crane that preventing backward tilting of arm support device is not set, the hypsokinesis of jib will cause complete machine to destroy, therefore should be provided with preventing backward tilting of arm support device;
(2) impact of wind effect on off working state crane: the Steel Structural Design of wind load to crane under off working state, stability against overturning and windproof antiskid safety feature play a decisive role, in crane safety rules, stipulate: the crane of open work in orbit, in the time that chance violent typhoon quits work, crane grappling should be lived, now, the effect of wind to crane, just similar with general building structure, but still have difference, difference is, buildings in general is permanent with basic being connected, and crane and ground (or claiming basis) for to be connected temporarily, the convenience of restriction and the operation in coupling arrangement place need be considered in field,
Displacement before and after reinforcing by finite element analysis tower body in addition under 3 kinds of load working condition effects is calculated, the distortion of three kinds of operating mode tower bodies is all less than 1/100 of tower body height, meet the rigidity requirement of design of tower crane standard, therefore, tower crane is carrying out after effective reinforcing, the rigidity of crane is greatly improved, and its theoretical stability of calculating and security have obtained effectively guaranteeing;
By following research, the present invention is described further:
The analytical procedure of ABAQUS to material time-varying model
ABAQUS is as follows to the analytical procedure of material time-varying model:
(1) description system of material stiffness nonlinear characteristic is along with the rising of weight hoisting depth, the reducing of lifting rope length, and the variation function of system stiffness, embodies strong nonlinear characteristic in the middle and later periods;
The function that can be both the time the integral rigidity characterizing definition of system, also can be defined as the function of vertical displacement value, according to the analysis characteristic of system dynamic response, the function variable that is defined as the time is consistent, in analysis step, be easier to control, obtaining, after this function, utilizing field variable, can express simply the change relation of system integral rigidity feature along with system run duration;
(2) realization of material stiffness nonlinear time-varying in ABAQUS
Utilize (yard of material variable-time) this translative mode to carry out, concrete steps are as follows:
1) material stiffness characteristic use field variable is specified
2) in above appointment, provide the rigidity function of a linear change, for the nonlinear characteristic of the system of getting in touch with, then according to the AMP amplitude function definition of a nonlinearities change, associated with field variable, can express non-linear rigidity above time, become wood property;
3) associated for field variable FILED1 and amplitude function, the field variable input not becoming when support material due to the CAE of ABAQUS, therefore can only modify and process in INP file;
By above three steps, realize in tower machine lifting process the dynamic analysis becoming when system stiffness;
2 model parameters are determined
Model parameter:
(1) system differential equation of motion is set up as follows:
K (t)-with the lifting time, sling length changes and the stiffness coefficient of variation
F
w(t)-wind load
F
a(t)-suspension arm variable-amplitude power
Above formula and system powered by conventional energy are compared, Main Differences is the servo-actuated variation of stiffness coefficient, by aforementioned supposition, using the vibration of arm and lifting rope as high order mode elimination, the horizontal vibration pattern of Main Analysis weight, known by instantaneous condition of dynamic balance, stiffness coefficient is the function of lifting rope length or travelling speed, when travelling speed is at the uniform velocity time, can direct representation be also the function of lifting time, can obtain stiffness coefficient and with the funtcional relationship of the time of lifting be
(2) selection of basic parameter in model analysis
Getting M900D is that analytic target is as shown in table 1,
Table 1 M900D analytic target
| Load mode | Wind load+luffing power (hang a liter eccentric corresponding just displacement does not react in dynamic analysis) |
| Hoisting weight | 50T |
| Sling height | 300m/500m |
| Lifting speed | 2.33 (maximum is hung lifting speed)/1.2 |
| Luffing impact | 0.02 |
(3) determining of wind load
The time-history analysis of wind load in engineering analysis at present, general Study object is thought of as structural wind load, when wind vibration analysis, utilize the power spectral density function of fluctuating wind on frequency-domain and time-domain, to be converted to RANDOM WIND and carry time-histories, but analytic target is non-tactic pattern herein, its construction operation extended period shows as in short-term and controllability, therefore, different with the stochastic analysis of shaking of the wind of structure
In order both to show the adverse effect of wind load, conform to construction operation environment again, wind load is taken as cyclic loading in analyzing herein, according to the average effect of wind and pulsation effect, utilizes the operation wind speed of setting in tower machine parameter, drafts load action,
Hang in the process of liter, along with the increase of height, load width increases, with reference to loading code for design of building structures,
The operation wind speed of setting in tower machine parameter is 20m/s, according to loading code for design of building structures, rated wind pressure is taken as 0.24, according to hoisting heavy feature, wind carries amplitude and is taken as 2.4 (this value, in concrete operation process, should be adjusted according to hanging thing feature again);
The cycle of wind load generally in the several seconds to a few minutes, for the dynamic response of simulated system under different wind vibration frequencies, when system simulation, get Loading frequency from 0.25～64, divide nine kinds of different models to carry out the dynamic response analysis of system under the sinusoidal load action of luffing, substantially contained wind action frequency range, and with wind amplitude load is compared by the displacement response results of dull loading mode
Be analyzed as follows:
The peak response of system appears at wind load as under monotone increasing load mode;
Under Reversed Loading, along with reducing of Loading frequency, system early stage, displacement increased relatively, but later stage displacement reduces relatively, and under Reversed Loading time, the maximum displacement of system response is relevant with the load cycle;
Under all kinds of loads use, when entering after the system later stage, due to the increase of system stiffness, the damping effect relevant with rigidity also can obviously strengthen simultaneously, and the moving displacement of system all can reduce relatively,
In order to embody the impact of tower machine pulling speed, carry out following two comparative analyses under different pulling speeies, can be drawn a conclusion:
Pulling speed has a certain impact to system dynamic response, but to the moving displacement amplitude effect of maximum little;
Under the pattern of load monotone increasing, because system stiffness rate of change reduces, system dynamic response embodies the result slightly reducing;
Under the pattern applying in the load cycle, for loading mid-term, due to stiffness variation not obvious, the system dynamic response that pulling speed is less has reinforcement to a certain degree, but along with rigidity continues to strengthen, system response also can continue to slow down, and can be drawn a conclusion:
Tower machine height has a certain impact to system dynamic response, is mainly reflected in the impact of the first rigidity of system;
Under two kinds of load application patterns, system dynamic displacement response is directly proportional to the first rigidity of system substantially; Tower machine is less in the first rigidity of 500m position, and the dynamic displacement response of system is larger.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a method for high-rise building whip-typed tower crane wind effect dynamic Property Analysis, is characterized in that, the method for this high-rise building whip-typed tower crane wind effect dynamic Property Analysis comprises the following steps:
Calculate jib, tower body, the size of the wind acting force that tower top is subject to;
Respectively by load except key point number corresponding to load, by wind acting force mean allocation on key point;
Wind acting force in working order and the wind acting force of off working state, calculate, the impact of checking on tower crane;
Stressing conditions to each bar in crane machine stress situation and steel construction is analyzed, and makes reasonable stress.
2. the method for high-rise building whip-typed tower crane wind effect dynamic Property Analysis as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, calculates jib, tower body, and the big or small concrete steps of the wind acting force that tower top is subject to are:
According to the actual loading situation of tower crane, counterweight, lift heavy, inertia load are put on to corresponding node with equivalent node load;
Be equivalent to uniform line load for wind load and put on corresponding unit, tower body and lateral support truss are asked and are reduced to hingedly, be equivalent to the joint constraint of single-degree-of-freedom;
Tower body and immobilizing foundation connect node and are considered as hold-down support, and six-freedom degree all retrains.
3. the method for high-rise building whip-typed tower crane wind effect dynamic Property Analysis as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the concrete grammar that the tower crane under duty is carried out to force analysis is:
In working order, take off 3 kinds of operating modes of face as design condition, tower body is carried out to finite element method (fem) analysis, operating mode 1: lifting beam is parallel to Y-axis, wind blows to counterweight from arm; Operating mode 2: lifting beam is parallel to X-axis, vertical with wind direction; Operating mode 3: lifting beam and X, Y-axis are 45 ° of angles, and wind direction is parallel to lifting beam.
4. the method for high-rise building whip-typed tower crane wind effect dynamic Property Analysis as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, comparing three kinds of operating modes by analysis can draw to draw a conclusion: suffered in the time that wind vertically blows to crane arm support, act on jib and lift heavy on wind acting force make crane body produce a moment of torsion M, this moment of torsion is decomposed on four limit plane girders of fuselage, the web member of four plate plane truss will produce a stress σ
1be directly proportional apart from the horizontal range of fuselage to the size of wind acting force, the application point of the wind heart, obviously, wind carries larger, and the residing amplitude of jib is larger, the σ in web member
1just larger, in addition, jib also will make tower body web member produce a stress σ from gravity, lift heavy power and revolution inertial force
1, σ
2also be directly proportional to amplitude size, in the time that actual design is calculated, can find, in the time that a certain wind carries, σ
1be far longer than σ
2, illustrate that the principal element of now controlling web member stress value is that wind carries, therefore, at jib during in position significantly, pay special attention to the unstability of the fuselage web member that vertically-supplying air causes and cause crane to destroy;
In the time that wind head-on blows along crane arm support, crane is in the time of minimum radius, wind carries and will make crane arm support produce tip back bend distance around jib root hinge, exceed setting value if wind carries, and crane is just in time sky hook, this hypsokinesis moment of flexure will overcome the lean forward moment of flexure of jib from gravity, jib is tumbled backward, for the crane that preventing backward tilting of arm support device is not set, the hypsokinesis of jib will cause complete machine to destroy, therefore should be provided with preventing backward tilting of arm support device.
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| CN105424501B (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2018-01-19 | 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司 | Crane chassis rigidity assessment method and device |
| CN108334678A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2018-07-27 | 赫克斯冈技术中心 | Construction management system and method |
| CN108416083A (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2018-08-17 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of High-rise TV Tower structure two dimensional dynamic model analysis method and system |
| CN108416083B (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2020-04-21 | 武汉理工大学 | Two-dimensional dynamic model analysis method and system for towering television tower structure |
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