CN103775219A - 内燃机-转化器系统 - Google Patents

内燃机-转化器系统 Download PDF

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CN103775219A
CN103775219A CN201310505116.6A CN201310505116A CN103775219A CN 103775219 A CN103775219 A CN 103775219A CN 201310505116 A CN201310505116 A CN 201310505116A CN 103775219 A CN103775219 A CN 103775219A
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combustion engine
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F·格鲁贝尔
G·瓦尔
M·厄尔
L·福格尔
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Innio Jenbacher GmbH and Co OG
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于使内燃机-转化器系统运行的方法，该内燃机-转化器系统具有内燃机（3）和转化器（1），其中，预定内燃机的至少一个参数（p’2、P），基于所述至少一个参数计算用于转化器的额定燃料量（Qref），将该额定燃料量（Qref）供应给转化器（1），在转化器（1）中将燃料转化成合成气，以及将合成气供应给内燃机（3），其特征在于：在转化器（1）之后测量合成气的合成气压力（pact），并且在计算额定燃料量（Qref）时考虑合成气压力（pact）。此外，本发明还涉及一种允许实施这样的方法的内燃机-转化器系统。

Description

内燃机-转化器系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有权利要求1前序部分特征的、用于使内燃机-转化器系统运行的方法以及一种这样的具有权利要求8前序部分特征的内燃机-转化器系统。
背景技术
在使内燃机、特别是燃气发动机运行时有利的可以是，将至少一部分燃料在燃烧之前转化成合成气。这意味着在所谓的转化器中发生吸热和放热反应，其中从燃料获得含氢的合成气。通过将该含氢的气体混合成燃烧混合物，例如可以改善点火性能或者可以降低不希望的排放物的排出。
在其中不仅集成有内燃机、而且集成有转化器的系统在现有技术中是已知的，其中例如可提到US6,508,209B1。
虽然基于水蒸汽与碳或者氧与碳的预定比例对转化器进行调节是已知的。不过这些调节构思按照尽可能恒定地产生合成气而设计。这些调节构思不能满足对内燃机合成气的变化的需求。该问题的一种简单的解决方案是维持合成气的缓冲体积或者以相对高的规模产生合成气并且烧尽（abfackeln）过剩。但这些解决方案在能量方面不是合理的并且显著降低系统效率。
在US2004/0050345A1中公开了一种用于调节内燃机-转化器系统的构思。在此，基于内燃机的喷入量来确定供应给转化器的额定燃料量。
在此不利的是，在改变内燃机的运行点时不是提供瞬时所需量的合成气，而是提供与在该改变之前的运行点相应量的合成气。这在实践中经常出现的载荷变化时导致，向内燃机提供显著过多或过少的合成气。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种用于内燃机-转化器系统的控制或调节方法，该方法能实现通过转化器恰好提供内燃机瞬时所需量的合成气。此外应提供一种内燃机-转化器系统，该内燃机-转化器系统允许实施这样的方法。
所述目的通过一种具有权利要求1特征的方法或者通过一种具有权利要求8特征的内燃机-转化器系统来实现。
这通过如下方式进行，即，在从转化器向内燃机提供合成气的合成气管路中测量合成气的压力并且然后将该合成气压力用于确定供应给转化器的额定燃料量。换言之，本发明在于将合成气管路中的压力持续地保持在对于内燃机可接受的水平上。
本发明的其他有利的实施形式在从属权利要求中限定。
此外，为了计算额定燃料量可以使用内燃机的不同参数。特别是内燃机的增压压力或功率适合于此，因为在控制内燃机的过程中经常本就已经测量该增压压力或功率。
为了特别精确的调节或控制，可以将转化器传递函数用于确定额定燃料量。借助这样的转化器传递函数不仅可以计算由转化器产生的合成气的组分、而且可以计算该合成气的量。转化器传递函数可能与指向转化器的物料流的体积流量以及化学组分有关。最简单地，这样的转化器传递函数可以通过在不同的进入体积流量和必要时不同的温度时直接测量由转化器产生的合成气的量和组分而生成。
为了使转化器中的化学条件保持尽可能优化，可以为转化器预定蒸汽与碳的额定比例以及氧与碳的额定比例，基于所述额定比例确定额定空气量和/或额定废气量和/或额定蒸汽量，并且将额定空气量的空气和/或额定废气量的内燃机废气和/或额定蒸汽量的水蒸汽供应给转化器。
在该实施例中，为了确定额定空气量和/或额定废气量和/或额定蒸汽量可以使用转化器传递函数，由此可以特别精确地控制在转化器中的比例。
此外，为了能以高的精度计算在转化器之后的合成气的材料组分，可以测量指向转化器的物料流的进入温度和/或从转化器离开的物料流的排出温度，并且在确定额定燃料量和/或额定空气量和/或额定废气量和/或额定蒸汽量时使用所述进入温度和/或排出温度。特别是，转化器传递函数可以与所测得的温度有关。
附图说明
借助附图以及所属的对附图的说明得出其他优点和细节。图中：
图1示出一种按照本发明的内燃机-转化器系统的连接图，以及
图2示出用于确定额定燃料量的调节构思的不同实施形式。
具体实施方式
在图1中首先可看出转化器1、内燃机3以及合成气管路8。转化器经由一个燃料管路7被供给来自燃料容器T的燃料、经由一个空气输入管路9被供给空气L并且经由一个蒸汽输入管路10被供给蒸汽D。此外，内燃机3的废气A经由废气管路11被导回到转化器1中。允许以受调节的或受控制的量供应燃料、空气、蒸汽和废气的调节阀5设置在各自的管路中并且分别与控制或调节装置4相连接。在本实施例中，这些调节阀5构成为体积流量调节阀。这就是说，这些调节阀也包含体积流量测量仪器以及用于将体积流量调节到由调节装置4预定的额定值的调节回路。对此参见图2。
在合成气管路8中设置有压力测量仪器2，该压力测量仪器与调节装置4相连接。借助由压力测量仪器2测得的合成气压力pact，可以由调节装置4计算额定燃料量Qref、以及额定空气量、额定废气量和额定蒸汽量。
在本实施例中，不同的物料流在供应至转化器1之前汇合。由此可以通过一个温度测量仪器12测量指向转化器1的物料流的温度。同样地在合成气管路8中设置有一个用于测量合成气温度的温度测量仪器12。
在发动机3上设置有一个测量仪器6，以此能够测量发动机3的增压压力p’2和/或功率P。
额定燃料量Qref的计算可以按不同的方式进行。
在图2a中可看出调节阀5以及内燃机3，经由该调节阀给转化器1供应燃料。在内燃机3上测量内燃机的增压压力p’2以及其他参数。在调节回路R1中计算内燃机所需的燃料量Qcalc。这些计算在现有技术中本身是已知的。作为例子，我们给出如下公式：
Q calc = V cyl 1 + λ · l min · N cyl · η vol · p ′ 2 T ′ 2 · T n p n · n 2 · 60 .
其中，Vcyl表示内燃机每个气缸的容积，Ncyl表示气缸数，lmin表示最低空气体积，ηvol表示容积效率，n表示内燃机每分钟的瞬时转数，T’2或p’2表示燃烧混合物的温度或压力，以及λ表示相对于化学当量比例的空燃比。此外，Tn和pn表示标准温度或者标准压力（亦即Tn=273.15K和pn=1.01325巴）。基于内燃机功率P或者基于内燃机增压压力p’2和功率P的类似方程对于本领域技术人员来说本身是已知的。
把由压力测量仪器2测得的压力pact与参考压力pref进行比较。基于该比较的结果以及在调节回路R1中计算出的物料量Qcalc，在调节回路R2中计算额定燃料量Qref。在此，例如可以使用以下方程：
Qref=(pref–pact)·γ·Qcalc。
不仅参考压力pref而且比例系数γ都可以在校准系统的过程中按经验确定。也可想到更复杂的关系，因此例如比例系数γ可以包含时间关系或类似关系。
最后，在调节回路R3中测量当前的、指向转化器的燃料体积流量，将其与额定燃料量Qref进行比较，并且经由调节阀5调节燃料体积流量。
该调节构思可以按如下方式扩展，即，例如使用转化器传递函数。对此的例子在图2b和2c中示出。在那里设有附加的调节回路R2’，该调节回路同样利用该转化器传递函数。在本实施例中应用如下的调节规则：
Qref=(xref–xact)·γ’·Q’calc。
在这里，γ’表示另一比例系数，Q’calc表示调节回路R2的结果，xref表示用于合成气组分的参数的额定值，以及xact表示转化器传递函数的评价结果。转化器传递函数在这种情况下与瞬时的、指向转化器的物料流量、转化器的进口温度和出口温度以及额定比例S/C和O/C（水蒸汽/碳和氧/碳）有关。
在本实施例中，转化器传递函数通过在不同的进入体积流量和不同的温度时直接测量由转化器产生的合成气的量和组分而生成。但也可以借助模拟来求得转化器传递函数。

Claims (14)

1.用于使内燃机-转化器系统运行的方法，该内燃机-转化器系统具有内燃机（3）和转化器（1），其中，
预定内燃机的至少一个参数（p’2、P），
基于所述至少一个参数计算用于转化器的额定燃料量（Qref），
将额定燃料量（Qref）供应给转化器（1），
在转化器（1）中将燃料转化成合成气，以及
将该合成气供应给内燃机（3），
其特征在于：在转化器（1）之后测量合成气的合成气压力（pact），并且在计算额定燃料量（Qref）时考虑合成气压力（pact）。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：将增压压力（p’2）用作参数。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于：将发动机功率（P）用作参数。
4.根据权利要求1至3中至少一项所述的方法，其特征在于：将转化器传递函数用于确定额定燃料量（Qref）。
5.根据权利要求1至4中至少一项所述的方法，其中，为转化器（1）预定蒸汽与碳的额定比例以及氧与碳的额定比例，其特征在于：基于所述额定比例确定额定空气量和/或额定废气量和/或额定蒸汽量，并且将额定空气量的空气和/或额定废气量的内燃机（3）废气和/或额定蒸汽量的水蒸汽供应给转化器（1）。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于：为了确定额定空气量和/或额定废气量和/或额定蒸汽量而使用转化器传递函数。
7.根据权利要求1至6中至少一项所述的方法，其特征在于：测量指向转化器（1）的物料流的进入温度和/或从转化器离开的物料流的排出温度，并且在确定额定燃料量（Qref）和/或额定空气量和/或额定废气量和/或额定蒸汽量时使用所述进入温度和/或排出温度。
8.内燃机-转化器系统，包括：
内燃机（3）；
用于将燃料流转化成合成气的转化器（1）；
燃料输入管路（7），该燃料输入管路与转化器（1）相连接，用于提供燃料流；
合成气管路（8），该合成气管路与转化器（1）和内燃机（3）相连接，用于给内燃机（3）供给合成气；
控制或调节装置（4），用于在考虑至少一个参数（p’2、P）的情况下计算额定燃料量（Qref）；
用于测量所述至少一个参数（p’2、P）的测量仪器（6），其中，该测量仪器（6）与所述控制或调节装置（4）相连接；以及
用于控制或调节在所述燃料输入管路（7）中的燃料流的调节阀（5），该调节阀与所述控制或调节装置（4）相连接；
其特征在于：在所述合成气管路（8）中设有用于测量合成气压力（pact）的压力测量仪器（2），以在计算额定燃料量（Qref）时考虑，该压力测量仪器与所述控制或调节装置（4）相连接。
9.根据权利要求8所述的内燃机-转化器系统，其特征在于：所述至少一个参数（p’2、P）包括增压压力（p’2）。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的内燃机-转化器系统，其特征在于：所述至少一个参数（p’2、P）包括发动机功率（P）。
11.根据权利要求8至10中至少一项所述的内燃机-转化器系统，其特征在于：转化器传递函数能用于确定额定燃料量（Qref）。
12.根据权利要求8至11中至少一项所述的内燃机-转化器系统，其中，为转化器能预定蒸汽与碳的额定比例以及氧与碳的额定比例，其特征在于：基于所述额定比例能确定额定空气量和/或额定废气量和/或额定蒸汽量，并且额定空气量的空气和/或额定废气量的内燃机（3）废气和/或额定蒸汽量的水蒸汽能供应给转化器（1）。
13.根据权利要求12所述的内燃机-转化器系统，其特征在于：为了确定额定空气量和/或额定废气量和/或额定蒸汽量，能使用转化器传递函数。
14.根据权利要求8至13中至少一项所述的内燃机-转化器系统，其特征在于：设有用于测量指向转化器（1）的物料流的进入温度的温度测量仪器（7）和/或用于测量从转化器（1）离开的物料流的排出温度的温度测量仪器（3），这些温度测量仪器与所述控制或调节装置（4）相连接；并且在确定额定燃料量（Qref）和/或额定空气量和/或额定废气量和/或额定蒸汽量时能使用所述进入温度和/或排出温度。
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