CN103766475A - Application of resveratrol in prevention and control of apple superficial scald and pear melanoderma - Google Patents
Application of resveratrol in prevention and control of apple superficial scald and pear melanoderma Download PDFInfo
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- CN103766475A CN103766475A CN201410020327.5A CN201410020327A CN103766475A CN 103766475 A CN103766475 A CN 103766475A CN 201410020327 A CN201410020327 A CN 201410020327A CN 103766475 A CN103766475 A CN 103766475A
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Abstract
The invention discloses the application of resveratrol in the prevention and the control of apple superficial scald and pear melanoderma. The application comprises the steps of picking up apples or pears, soaking by 1-100mg/L resveratrol solution for 1-3min, draining, carrying out normal refrigeration in the refrigeration house or air-conditioning storage, and periodically detecting the quality of the fruit in the period of storage, wherein the Dangshan pear and the red star apple have no diseases when being delivered from storage after 210 days of refrigeration, the rate of intact fruit during shelf life is about 90%, and the morbidity is reduced by more than 80%. In 2010, 3000kg of the Dangshan pear is frozen by the intermediate scale-up experiment through the application, the result shows that the melanoderma morbidity is 0 when the fruit is delivered from storage after 210 days of refrigeration, the fruit is bright in color, tastes good, the morbidity of the melanoderma is 10.3% after 7 days of shelf life, and the morbidity is reduced by 90% compared with the control library.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates in the preservation and freshness process of apple and pear fruit the control of apple superficial scald and pears melanoderma.
Background technology
Fruit tree industry has played important function in Rural Economic Development, develop into local pillar industry in some areas, apple and pears are fruits of cultivated in north area maximum, and along with the development of fruit industry, the preservation and freshness of fruit has also developed into new industry.The preservation and freshness of fruit after the adopting of fruit increment and extend the supply phase aspect played important function.Along with popularizing of freezer, conventional cold storing and fresh-keeping technology has obtained popularization in vast rural area, and the rotten problem being caused by microorganism solves substantially, but physiological disturbance morbidity after adopting is more aobvious serious, especially the Scald of apple and the melanoderma of pears, caused serious loss.
Apple superficial scald early stage, it is khaki that pericarp is, and surface is put down or is is slightly risen and fallen, or is irregular bulk, darkens later, is brown to crineous, slightly depression.Disease portion pericarp can be torn in flakes, subcutaneous several confluent monolayer cells browning looks.Sick pulp silk floss, slightly vinosity.The multiple uncoloured part of the fruit back of being born in of pathology, just extends to the even whole fruit face of the painted part of sunny side when serious.Sick fruit focuses mostly on and occurs at anaphase storage, and outbound sequela is the strongest.Pears melanoderma is similar to apple superficial scald, is a kind of physiological disease occurring the pears storage middle and later periods, and cardinal symptom is that brown or pitchy speckle appear in fruit surface.General fruit, after the storage several months, do not see obviously extremely, but after outbound, just there is brown scab in several days time pericarp surface only at ambient temperature.There is the sick line of irregular brown in early stage pericarp surface, scab is less.Along with aggravation, patch connects to irregular sheet or band shape, so that brown stain all occurs pericarp, pathology does not but occur the subcutaneous pulp of this melanoderma, but have a strong impact on exterior quality and the commodity value of fruit, caused serious economic loss to the rear operator that adopts of pears.
The chemical agent that effectively prevents apple superficial scald of commercial is diphenylamines (DPA) and ethoxyquinoline at present, but due to the residual of these chemical agents and the potential hazard to human body, consumer does not more and more accept Chemical treatment fruit in recent years.Research finds, DPA is a kind of polluter of health risk, determines that it is poisonous and have a carcinogenicity to mouse, and more American-European countries have banned use of DPA to process fruit.It is harmful that ethoxyquinoline has also been proved to be, and future, applied chemistry was not prevented and treated method, especially without ethoxyquinoline control Scald.1-MCP (1-methyl cyclopropene), as ethylene inhibitor, started to be widely used in preserving fruit and vegetable utilizing from 2002, kept the hardness of fruit Shelf-life.Research finds that 1-MCP can suppress the generation of Scald, but expense is higher.Most freezers are not afforded to do.Therefore to meet Scald and the melanoderma control technology of food safety requirements extremely urgent in research and development.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned control apple superficial scald and the existence of pears melanoderma agents useful for same, for resveratrol provides a kind of new purposes.
Solving the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme is: the purposes of resveratrol in control apple superficial scald and pears melanoderma.
Adopt the method for resveratrol control apple superficial scald and pears melanoderma to be: the resveratrol solution that apple or pears are adopted to rear use 1～100mg/L is soaked after 1～3 minute and drained, and then enters Storage in cold bank or air conditioned storage.
When actual use, for resveratrol can well be adhered on apple or pears, the resveratrol aqueous solution can add the adhesive that some antistaling agents are conventional.
The present invention adopts resveratrol to prevent and treat apple superficial scald and pears melanoderma, this reagent green, safety, meet food safety requirements, and use simple, with low cost, the fruit that different times is gathered has fresh-keeping effect, both can prevent and treat melanoderma and Scald, also can have fresh-keeping and antisepsis to fruit.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in more detail, but the present invention is not limited only to these embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The purposes of resveratrol in control apple superficial scald.Its using method is as follows:
The Starkrimson that 50kg is gathered drains after 3 minutes by the resveratrol aqueous solution soaking of 10mg/L, packs carton after bagging into, then enters Storage in cold bank, 0～1 ℃ of reserve temperature, relative humidity 80%～90%.
Embodiment 2
The purposes of resveratrol in control pears melanoderma.Its using method is as follows:
The Dangshan pear that 50kg is gathered drains after 3 minutes by the resveratrol aqueous solution soaking of 10mg/L, packs carton after bagging into, then enters Storage in cold bank, 0～1 ℃ of reserve temperature, relative humidity 80%～90%.
In order to determine the result of use of the best of the present invention, inventor has carried out a large amount of laboratory research tests, and various test situation are as follows:
Test material: starring apple is picked up from Shaanxi Province's Tongchuan City, Dangshan pear picks up from Pucheng county.Requirement fruit size is basically identical, starring apple single fruit weight 150～230g, and Dangshan pear single fruit weight 180～260g, band stalk is plucked, and machinery-free wound, without disease and pest.
Main agents: resveratrol, diphenylamines are purchased from Sigma company of the U.S. of the U.S., and 1-methyl cyclopropene is provided by ROHM AND HAAS Co., Ltd of the U.S..
Key instrument and equipment: hardometer, to be produced by Italian Co., Ltd, hand refractometer is produced by Lu Heng bio tech ltd, Hangzhou; Ultraviolet-uisible spectrophotometer is produced by Beijing Puxi General Instrument Co., Ltd.
Testing index and assay method:
(1) hardness: fixed with FT327 type hardness tester instrumentation, unit is kg/cm
2, get at random 15 fruits, with blade by the fruit plane of symmetry fruit trunk 1cm that prunes
2the skin of left and right, gets average after mensuration.
(2) soluble solid content: measure with WYT-J type hand refractometer, unit is %.
(3) crushing juice rate: take a certain amount of pulp, broken rear centrifugal sedimentation at full speed 20 minutes, obtains fruit juice, by crushing juice rate (%)=fruit juice weight/pulp weight × 100%, calculates crushing juice rate.
(4) α-farnesene and conjugated triene content: the card punch that is 10mm with diameter is beaten and got sequin on pericarp sample, get immediately 20, put into the centrifuge tube of 50mL, then (AR level n-hexane 100mL adds the 8mL concentrated sulfuric acid through processing the n-hexane of purifying to add 10mL, with magnetic stirrer after 2 hours standing separation remove sulfuric acid, use saturated Na
2cO
3the aqueous solution and distilled water washing, to neutral, are then used anhydrous CaCl
2dry, filter, at 210～360nm place without absorbing), under 25 ℃, 60Hz, mechanical shaking extraction 2 hours, then uses Filter paper filtering extract, is finally settled to 10mL, colorimetric under 232nm wavelength rapidly, the content of mensuration α-farnesene; Separately get extract 3mL, in 281nm and 290nm place colorimetric, measure conjugated triene content.Test repeats 3 times, and measurement result is with nmol/cm
2represent.
(4) Scald and melanoderma morbidity statistics
The calculating of melanoderma incidence: the total number of casting skin incidence/%=(casting skin fruit number/fruit) × 100%.Process 50 fruits of random statistical for every group, in triplicate.The computational methods of Scald incidence are identical with the computational methods of melanoderma incidence.
(5) Scald and melanoderma disease index statistics
With the fruit of the statistics melanoderma incidence of disease, do statistics and the calculating of disease index.Severity Scaling: fruit is divided into 4 grades by the percentage that accounts for the whole fruit gross area according to fruit casting skin area: 0 grade of fruit occurs without casting skin phenomenon; 1 grade of fruit casting skin rate≤25%; 2 grades of fruit casting skin rates are 25%～50%; 3 grades of fruit casting skin rate >50%.
Melanoderma disease index=Σ (sick fruit number × disease fruit progression)/(investigation fruit number × highest number) × 100%.
Scald disease index statistics is identical with melanoderma with calculating.
(6) rotting rate statistics: the fruit number that rots accounts for the percentage of the total fruit number of investigation.Every group is repeated to add up 100 of fruits.
1, resveratrol control pears melanoderma effect experiment
The Dangshan pear of gathering is used respectively to 0.1, 1, 10, the resveratrol aqueous solution soaking of 100mg/L is processed 3 minutes, same test in triplicate, each reprocessing fruit 50kg, while processing rear fruit No drip type, case, warehouse-in precooling storage, 0～1 ℃ of reserve temperature, relative humidity 80%～90%, During Cold Storage keeps storehouse temperature stable, and sampling in every 30 days once, measure the hardness of fruit, soluble solid content, the index of quality such as crushing juice rate, and α-farnesene and conjugated triene content, the melanoderma incidence of disease and the disease index of statistics outbound and shelf life, and carry out in contrast contrast test with untreated Dangshan pear, the results are shown in Table 1～5.
Table 1 variable concentrations resveratrol is processed the impact on pear fruit hardness
As shown in Table 1, in cold storage procedure, the hardness of fruit constantly declines, but the resveratrol of variable concentrations is processed the effect that Dangshan pear is had to maintenance hardness, best with the resveratrol aqueous solution treatment effect of 10mg/L.
Table 2 variable concentrations resveratrol is processed the impact on pear fruit soluble solid content
Due to the consumption of breathing, in storage, fruit soluble solids content reduces gradually, as shown in Table 2, the resveratrol aqueous solution of 1.0～100mg/L is processed the soluble solid of fruit higher than untreated fruit, wherein the resveratrol aqueous solution treatment effect of 10mg/L is best, and making veratryl alcohol clear has certain fresh-keeping effect to Dangshan pear.
Table 3 variable concentrations resveratrol is processed the impact on pears cold storage procedure mesocarp α-farnesene content
From table 3, α-farnesene content sustainable growth in refrigeration pericarp in early stage, after reaching peak, reduce gradually, but that α-farnesene content increases in the fruit pericarp of useful resveratrol processing is slow, making veratryl alcohol clear has the effect of reduction α-farnesene content, and wherein α-farnesene content of the resveratrol aqueous solution processing of 10mg/L is all the time in floor level.
Table 4 variable concentrations resveratrol is processed the impact on pears cold storage procedure mesocarp conjugated triene content
From table 4, in whole storage, conjugated triene in pericarp is in rising trend, first 90 days conjugated triene content of refrigeration increase slowly, conjugated triene content after 90 days in untreated pericarp rises rapidly, and the conjugated triene in pericarp rises slowly after resveratrol processing, wherein rise with the conjugated triene in pericarp after the resveratrol aqueous solution processing of 10mg/L the slowest, visible resveratrol is formed with significant inhibitory action to conjugated triene in fruit.
Table 5 variable concentrations resveratrol is processed the impact on melanoderma occurring degree after pears cold storage procedure
Can be known by table 5, after untreated Dangshan pear refrigerates 210 days, the outbound melanoderma incidence of disease has reached 45.5%, and the Dangshan pear of resveratrol processing refrigeration all significantly reductions of the outbound melanoderma incidence of disease after 210 days, when processing rear outbound, the resveratrol of 1mg/L and 10mg/L do not fall ill, after outbound, place after 7 days shelf lifes at 20 ℃, untreated Dangshan pear is all fallen ill, and though the Dangshan pear of resveratrol processing has morbidity, but the incidence of disease is only 10.3%～23.8%, significantly lower than untreated Dangshan pear, and disease index is also well below untreated Dangshan pear.
2, different reagent control pears melanoderma contrast experiments
According to the method for test 1, the Dangshan pear of gathering is carried out to immersion treatment with the resveratrol aqueous solution and the 2mL/L diphenylamines aqueous solution of 10mg/L respectively, and with untreated Dangshan pear in contrast, carry out Storage in cold bank, the melanoderma incidence of disease and the disease index of statistics outbound and shelf life, result of the test is in table 6.
Table 6 resveratrol and diphenylamines are processed the impact on melanoderma occurring degree after pears refrigeration
As shown in Table 6, diphenylamines and resveratrol can significantly reduce the melanoderma of Dangshan pear, Storage in cold bank is not fallen ill for 210 days in storehouse, after outbound, place and within 7 days, after shelf life, all start morbidity at 20 ℃, but the incidence of disease and disease index are all significantly lower than untreated Dangshan pear, and the morbidity of resveratrol and diphenylamines do not have significant difference, that is to say, the effect that resveratrol can be prevented and treated Scald has reached the level of diphenylamines.
3, different reagent control apple superficial scald contrast experiments
According to the method for test 1, the starring apple of gathering is carried out to immersion treatment with the resveratrol aqueous solution and the 2mL/L diphenylamines aqueous solution of 50mg/L respectively, and with untreated starring apple in contrast, carry out Storage in cold bank, the melanoderma incidence of disease and the disease index of statistics outbound and shelf life, result of the test is in table 7.
Table 7 resveratrol and diphenylamines are processed the impact on Scald occurring degree after apple when stored in refrigerator
As shown in Table 7, resveratrol has significant prevention effect to starring apple Scald, and the shelf life incidence of disease reduces by 88% than untreated starring apple, and disease index reduces by 93%, approaches with the prevention effect of diphenylamines.
Comprehensive above-mentioned test is visible, resveratrol has significant control effect to pears melanoderma and apple superficial scald, can reduce the incidence of disease 80%～90%, its level of controlling morbidity has reached the degree of diphenylamines, can become apple superficial scald and pears melanoderma control medicament by substituted diphenylamine.
4, middle amplification test
Inventor has bravely carried out middle scale-up to Guo Ye Co., Ltd by the present invention in Pucheng, and test situation is as follows:
The Pucheng Guo Ye Co., Ltd of bravely running quickly adopted the present invention to carry out 3000 kilograms of the fresh-keeping Dangshan pear fruits of middle scale-up in 2010, and when preservation to 210 day, the outbound melanoderma incidence of disease is 0%, and fruit colour is bright-coloured, mouthfeel grace.7 days Scald incidences of disease 10.3% of shelf life, reduce by 90% than contrast storehouse.Within 2011, carried out 5800 kilograms of middle amplification storage Dangshan pears, when preservation to 180 day, outbound is not fallen ill, and the shelf life incidence of disease 3% reduces by 89% than contrast.Meanwhile, fruit colour is vivid, and rotting rate is low.
Claims (2)
1. the purposes of resveratrol in control apple superficial scald.
2. the purposes of resveratrol in control pears melanoderma.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104397143A (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2015-03-11 | 固镇县村夫果蔬专业合作社 | Method for storing Dangshan crisp pears at normal temperature |
| CN108576208A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-28 | 陕西师范大学 | Application of the ISOASCORBIC ACID in prevention apple and pears Scald |
| CN109258793A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-01-25 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of bacteriostatic agent and its preparation method and application |
| CN110506788A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-11-29 | 珠海真绿色技术有限公司 | A kind of cream preparation containing pyraclostrobin and resveratrol and its application |
| CN111449124A (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2020-07-28 | 山东农业大学 | Device and method for relieving tiger skin disease based on ultraviolet irradiation and application thereof |
| CN112616911A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-04-09 | 陕西师范大学 | Application of pterostilbene in delaying fruit senescence and preventing and treating apple and pear tiger skin diseases |
| CN113841731A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-28 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | Novel guava preservative and preparation method thereof |
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| ES2968295T3 (en) * | 2017-03-08 | 2024-05-08 | Univ De Talca | Composition for the control of superficial scalding in pome trees |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104397143A (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2015-03-11 | 固镇县村夫果蔬专业合作社 | Method for storing Dangshan crisp pears at normal temperature |
| CN108576208A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-28 | 陕西师范大学 | Application of the ISOASCORBIC ACID in prevention apple and pears Scald |
| CN109258793A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-01-25 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of bacteriostatic agent and its preparation method and application |
| CN110506788A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-11-29 | 珠海真绿色技术有限公司 | A kind of cream preparation containing pyraclostrobin and resveratrol and its application |
| CN111449124A (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2020-07-28 | 山东农业大学 | Device and method for relieving tiger skin disease based on ultraviolet irradiation and application thereof |
| CN112616911A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-04-09 | 陕西师范大学 | Application of pterostilbene in delaying fruit senescence and preventing and treating apple and pear tiger skin diseases |
| CN113841731A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-28 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | Novel guava preservative and preparation method thereof |
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