CN103763698A - Wireless body area network key negotiation mechanism based on wavelet transform tendency - Google Patents
Wireless body area network key negotiation mechanism based on wavelet transform tendency Download PDFInfo
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- CN103763698A CN103763698A CN201410024966.9A CN201410024966A CN103763698A CN 103763698 A CN103763698 A CN 103763698A CN 201410024966 A CN201410024966 A CN 201410024966A CN 103763698 A CN103763698 A CN 103763698A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wireless body area network key negotiation mechanism based on a wavelet transform tendency. Keys are negotiated and matched through the change of the received signal strength of a sensor, so that communication safety is guaranteed and the mismatching rate of the keys is effectively reduced; meanwhile, on the premise that correspondence of key information entropy is guaranteed, the generating rate of the keys is improved. The mechanism is mainly applied to a wireless body area network and is a light key negotiation mechanism which is low in resource consumption and low in hardware complexity and on the basis that the wireless body area network safety is effectively guaranteed, resource consumption of the wireless body area network is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of wireless communications networks, is a kind of wireless body area network key agreement mechanism based on wavelet transformation trend.This mechanism is mainly used in wireless body area network, is the lightweight key negotiation mechanism of a kind of low consumption of resources, low hardware complexity, can, on the basis of effective guarantee wireless body area network safety, reduce the resource consumption of wireless body area network.
Background technology
Along with the development and progress of sensor technology, the communication technology and computer technology, wireless sensor network development rapidly, can be widely used in public safety, ecological, environmental protective, environment measuring, emergency command and biomedical sector.Utilize wireless medical transducer medical monitoring that can continue, long-range, monitored object can normally move again, is very easy to people's life.Therefore, wireless human body local area network is taken advantage of a situation.As its name suggests, wireless body area network BAN, be BodyAreaNetwork, be exactly centered by human body, by the network element relevant with human body (comprise personal terminal, be distributed on the person, on clothing, human body around certain distance scope as in 3 meters, even transducer, the networking equipment of person inside) etc. the communication network of composition.The terminal that the node of body area network can carry with it with it communicates as PDA, mobile phone etc., data are synchronous etc., and by these similar terminals, body area network can access other data communication network as other people body area network, Wireless/wired access network, mobile communications network etc., become a part for whole communication network, and the equipment of the far-end on network communicates as PC, mobile phone, telephone set, apparatus for media playing, digital camera, game machine etc.Body area network will become human body a part for communication network, thereby really realizes ubiquitousization of network, and wearable calculating, immanent calculating also will become the essential characteristic of people's daily life along with the popularization and application of body area network.
The trend of world population aging makes people increasing to healthy demand, and body area network will fully develop talents aspect telehealth and special population (disabled person, the elderly) nursing, the present situation particularly sharply increasing for China's aging population.According to the civil affairs department, add up, end 2015, China's aging size of population will break through 200,000,000, but meanwhile, medical resource wretched insufficiency, the problem of Expensive and hard to visit doctors cannot obtain adequate solution always, and this series of problems can be by utilizing wireless human body local area network to carry out tele-medicine and monitor being resolved.In addition, wireless human body local area network technology can by collect physiological parameter data storehouse live signal is analyzed, the contingent state of an illness of early warning, accomplish prevention and diagnosis and treatment timely, and collection patient's that can be complete for a long time physiologic information, is conducive to the correct judgement state of an illness and carries out diagnosis and treatment.Meanwhile, due to acquisition medical monitoring data that can be real-time, the frequency that this goes to less minimizing people to hospital, saves people's time and cost, makes the even social resources service society more efficiently of medical resource of hospital simultaneously.
The data of body area network processing are the sensitive informations with individual privacy strong correlation such as health, behavior, position; the communication mode of body area network application simultaneously---wireless is an open explorative medium; if the health data of the premeditated change of malicious entities main body; it is even dead that the diagnosis that causes doctor to do making mistake makes patient can not get treatment in time; and due to energy sensitivity and resource-constrained; body area network is more open to attack, so the safeguard protection of body area network is good problem to study very important in body area network.And the safety of legacy network and secret protection are not exclusively suitable for body area network, because the topology of body area network is very little, node resource is limited, and network usually changes along with human motion.The resource-constrained of node means needs the data encryption of lightweight body area network.Encryption provides data confidentiality service.And password password system has symmetric-key cryptography and asymmetric key cipher system.Asymmetric key algorithm often all needs a large amount of computing costs, so symmetric cryptography is widely used in body area network.Therefore,, for the confidentiality research of body area network, mainly concentrate on key agreement mechanism.
Traditional key agreement mainly contains two kinds of mechanism: pre-configured and the exchange of communicating by letter based on PKI.The former is unfavorable for extensive development and the application of body area network, and first each producer and hospital may be used different keys, and secondly pre-configured key may be revealed by variety of way, again, when there being new node to add to come in, may need to reconfigure network.And exchange key method based on asymmetric encryption system need to have trusted third party that the PKI of different nodes is provided, due to the mobility of people in body area network and the dynamic of network, be difficult to trusted third party is set in body area network, and the method has increased amount of calculation and the storage consumption of node.
Therefore, the Cherukuri of 03 year University of Arizona has proposed same signal that sensor node utilization this locality obtains from environment and has generated the idea of key, this idea requires transducer can from surrounding environment, obtain high similar signal, and this similarity signal of while has randomness time variation and third party listener-in cannot correctly obtain.Due to the characteristic that human body physiological data natural zone becomes sometimes, under the prerequisite that meets randomness, body area network is easy to take, so Cherukuri has proposed this method based on human body physiological data.08 year Mathur proposes wireless channel and can be used as a predicable shared key: channel is metastable within the time of Doppler effect, if communicating pair sends identical detectable signal mutually in this time period, just can obtain the signal based on same wireless channel, and due to multipath effect, be not to be difficult to obtain similar signal from communicating pair close to very.Body area network encryption key distribution system is mainly to concentrate these two kinds of methods at present.The former is mainly that the IPI(Inter Pulse Interval such as electrocardiogram are measured simultaneously and applied to requirement all the sensors node at present) signal generates same key, but the result that diverse location is measured exists deviation to make key not mate existing problems, and the latter has increased hardware complexity relatively.And the latter is because all nodes carry wireless module, saved hardware complexity, but the deviation brought from environmental impact causes key not mate and the balance problem of key formation speed and entropy all need to be further improved.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, propose a kind of lightweight key negotiation mechanism of processing similar radio channel characteristic based on wavelet transformation trend.The present invention is mainly the wireless channel amplitude characteristic that utilizes wavelet transform process to collect, and waveform trend after treatment is quantized into key, thereby effectively reduces key probability of mismatch, is guaranteeing, under the prerequisite that key information entropy meets, to improve the generating rate of key simultaneously.
The present invention has two steps: channel sample and wavelet analysis quantize.
The channel sample stage: suppose that Alice and Bob are two domain of individuals net nodes, Eve is malice listener.Channel is metastable within the Doppler effect time, if Alice and Bob send identical detectable signal mutually in this time period, just can obtain the signal based on same wireless channel.Meanwhile, the wireless channel becoming during detection has determined the maximal efficiency of surveying between node, and the change frequency of wireless channel (f) can be determined by Doppler frequency shift, as the formula (1):
Wherein, V is the mutual rate travel between node, and λ is wireless wavelength.As shown in Figure 1, have three kinds of situations: if a) inverse of channel t(stabilization time wireless channel change frequency f) in carried out repeatedly surveying, for Alice and Bob, all only need get a sub-value as effective value so; If b) channel variation is fast, and Alice and Bob survey the t of being greater than consuming time back and forth, and both probe values cannot mate and can not serve as effective value; C) Alice and Bob are each surveys all in the stable time t of channel, and has only surveyed once in t, and so each value is effective value.
And due to multipath effect, from communicating pair, be difficult to obtain similar signal away from slightly.When the channel between Alice and Bob changes, they send out detection packet mutually, as long as Eve just cannot not obtain the channel correlated characteristic between Alice and Bob in the half of communication wavelengths.It is respectively signal amplitude, phase place and time delay that channel characteristics is reflected on signal the impact of detectable signal.The method owing to utilizing all the sensors node to carry wireless module, can obtain very simply signal strength signal intensity (RSS), and then obtain the amplitude impact of channel on signal, so can be saved hardware complexity.
Wavelet analysis quantizes: by channel sample, Alice and Bob have respectively obtained one group of RSS data.Due to a series of, factors such as random noise, asymmetric interference, although these initial characteristic data are very similar, be identical the same, on numerical value, have some deviations.But similar embody in waveform trend very obvious of these characteristics, in order accurately to obtain this similar trend, the present invention utilizes wavelet transformation analysis.The thought of short time discrete Fourier transform localization is inherited and developed to wavelet transformation, overcome again window size not with shortcomings such as frequency change simultaneously, and a T/F window with frequency shift can be provided.By wavelet transformation, original signal waveform is broken down into multistage detail signal and approximate signal.In peer, detail signal represents HFS, and approximate signal represents low frequency part.By lot of experiment validation, the present invention finds that 4 grades of waveform effect after wavelet transformation are best.Wavelet analysis quantization step of the present invention is as shown in Figure 2, specific as follows:
1.Alice and Bob are divided into a window by every RSS data separately 128, and two adjacent window apertures have 32 numerical value to repeat simultaneously.
2. pair each window carries out 4 grades of Haar wavelet transformations, obtains 4 grades of approximate signals.This approximate signal is carried out to trend quantification, waveform is undergone mutation and surveyed, when waveform rises, be quantized into 1, waveform is quantized into 0 while declining.The window of such 128 bit value can be quantized into 8 keys, considers windows overlay, only use each window first 6.
3. pair each window carries out 4 grades of Daubechies5 wavelet transformations, obtains 4 grades of detail signals.Search for maximum and the minimum value of this details, respectively two values are changed into 7 binary systems in the position quantity of window.
4. the key 6 steps 2 being obtained adds maximum value position key and minimum value key, and each window obtains 20 keys.
The present invention has following beneficial effect: by wavelet transformation, give prominence to similar waveform trend, reduced the error of consulting to generate key, guaranteeing, under the prerequisite that key information entropy meets, to improve the generating rate of key simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the wireless channel that the present invention uses is surveyed schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is wavelet analysis quantization step of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is scene graph of the invention process.
Fig. 4 is particular flow sheet of the invention process.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Implement
The present embodiment is the scene based on as shown in Figure 3.The meeting room in experimental situation Wei Yidong building,
Size is 5m*3m.All nodes (Alice, Bob, Eve and Basestation) are all used common wearable sensor node, operation TinyOS system, and wireless communication frequency is 2.4GHz.
Alice and Bob are worn on respectively experimenter's wrist place, left and right, lab assistant carries out activity (talk, office or meeting etc.) as daily life in office, Basestation and Eve are placed on respectively desk two ends (distance is much larger than 6.25 centimetres) between the two.The every 40ms of Alice sends heartbeat signal to Bob and Basestation, after Bob and Basestation receive, replys immediately, mutually confirms to exist.Meanwhile, every 1 hour exchange image data of Alice and Bob, and by Alice, data are reported to Basestation.Clearly, in this example, heartbeat signal can be used as detectable signal, makes Alice, Bob and the Basetation channel between mutually surveying between two.Eve acknowledge(ment) signal, not transmitted signal, because Eve cannot obtain the channel characteristics between three above, therefore cannot decipher exchanges data content hourly between three.
The workflow of the present embodiment is as follows:
1. netinit: open all the sensors node;
The every 40ms of 2.Alice sends heartbeat signal, and Bob and Basestation reply, and all signal Eve can eavesdrop;
3. each hour, Bob carries out wavelet analysis quantification to the signal strength data that receives Alice and send, and the data of own collection in the secret key encryption that changes into of utilization during this period of time, then sends to Alice;
4.Alice carries out wavelet analysis quantification to the signal strength data that receives Bob in this hour and send, and the data that send over of the secret key decryption Bob that changes into of utilization;
5.Alice carries out wavelet analysis quantification to the signal strength data that receives Basestation transmission in this hour, and the utilization secret key encryption oneself changing into and the data that Bob gathers, and then sends to Basestation;
6.Basestation carries out wavelet analysis quantification to the signal strength data that receives Alice in this hour and send, and all body area network node datas of sending over of the secret key decryption Alice that changes into of utilization.
Claims (3)
1. the wireless body area network key agreement mechanism based on wavelet transformation trend, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Steps A. between sensor node, by heartbeat signal, regularly effectively survey channel status each other, and by the storage of the signal strength signal intensity receiving (RSS) value;
Step B. sensor node is divided into a window by every RSS data separately 128, and two adjacent window apertures have 32 numerical value to repeat simultaneously;
Step C. carries out 4 grades of Haar wavelet transformations to each window, obtains 4 grades of approximate signals, and this approximate signal is carried out to trend quantification;
Step D. carries out 4 grades of Daubechies5 wavelet transformations to each window, obtains 4 grades of detail signals, searches for maximum and the minimum value of this details, respectively two values is changed into binary system in the position quantity of window.
2. trend as claimed in claim 1 quantizes, and it is characterized in that, waveform is undergone mutation and surveyed, and when waveform rises, is quantized into 1, and waveform is quantized into 0 while declining.
3. the Location quantization of maximum claimed in claim 1 and minimum value, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Steps A. RSS data are divided into different windows, and the Data Position scope of i window (i can be any window) is (1,128);
Step B. seeks maximum value position j and the minimum value position k of this window, wherein j, k ∈ (1,128) and j ≠ k.
Step C. is by j, and k converts binary system to by the decimal system respectively.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104219252A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2014-12-17 | 东南大学 | Coding error correction based secret key forward direction consistency calibration method |
| CN105515765A (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2016-04-20 | 西安电子科技大学 | Biometric key generating method adapting to dynamic quantization |
| WO2018182520A1 (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2018-10-04 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | Method of generating a secret key for data communication and key generator thereof |
| CN108683500A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-10-19 | 重庆邮电大学 | A kind of WBAN method for secret protection based on the characteristic of channel |
| CN111447566A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-07-24 | 华南理工大学 | Method for avoiding mutual interference between static or semi-dynamic coexistent body area networks |
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2014
- 2014-01-20 CN CN201410024966.9A patent/CN103763698A/en active Pending
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104219252A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2014-12-17 | 东南大学 | Coding error correction based secret key forward direction consistency calibration method |
| CN105515765A (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2016-04-20 | 西安电子科技大学 | Biometric key generating method adapting to dynamic quantization |
| CN105515765B (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2018-08-10 | 西安电子科技大学 | The biological secret key generation method of adaptive dynamic quantization |
| WO2018182520A1 (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2018-10-04 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | Method of generating a secret key for data communication and key generator thereof |
| US11582035B2 (en) | 2017-03-28 | 2023-02-14 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | Method of generating a secret key for data communication and key generator thereof |
| CN108683500A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-10-19 | 重庆邮电大学 | A kind of WBAN method for secret protection based on the characteristic of channel |
| CN108683500B (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2021-10-08 | 重庆邮电大学 | WBAN privacy protection method based on channel characteristics |
| CN111447566A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-07-24 | 华南理工大学 | Method for avoiding mutual interference between static or semi-dynamic coexistent body area networks |
| CN111447566B (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2021-05-14 | 华南理工大学 | Method for avoiding mutual interference between static or semi-dynamic coexistent body area networks |
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