CN103761528B - Flame identification method based on ultraviolet photoelectric tube - Google Patents
Flame identification method based on ultraviolet photoelectric tube Download PDFInfo
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- CN103761528B CN103761528B CN201310722123.1A CN201310722123A CN103761528B CN 103761528 B CN103761528 B CN 103761528B CN 201310722123 A CN201310722123 A CN 201310722123A CN 103761528 B CN103761528 B CN 103761528B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fire detection, and particularly relates to a flame identification method based on an ultraviolet photoelectric tube. Firstly, response pulse intervals of the ultraviolet photoelectric tube are obtained through an ultraviolet tube driving circuit, several kinds of characteristic values of sample data are calculated, classification standards of the characteristic values are obtained by really training a great number of test data, and the characteristic values are input in final judgment criteria so as to achieve identification of flames. Meanwhile, three levels of sensitivity are set, and different levels of the sensitivity correspond to different farthest detection distances and different types of detection energy. The flame identification method has the advantages that response speed is high, the detection distances are far, and the sensitivity is adjustable. The flame identification method can be widely applied to various ultraviolet flame detection devices, thereby being wide in using range. The characteristic values reflect characteristics of the flames, the mean value reflects the intensity of the ultraviolet energy, the extreme difference reflects discrete situations of the ultraviolet energy, a variable coefficient reflects the dispersion of the ultraviolet energy under the condition that distance factors are eliminated, and kurtosis reflects fluctuation situations of the ultraviolet energy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of fire detection, relate generally to ultraviolet detection principle and flame spy is extracted in information processing
Levy, and then judge the ultraviolet detection method with the presence or absence of fire disaster flame in protection scene, be specifically related to one kind and be based on ultraviolet light
The flame identification method of fulgurite.
Background technology
The relatively broad fire detector of current application is temperature detection and cigarette sense detects, and the contact of this quasi-tradition detects
Device cannot meet some special occasions and detect demand.Such as large space place, the warehouse of more dust pollution etc..
Point-type flame detector is a kind of fire detector of the electromagnetic radiation that corresponding fire sends, and mainly has infrared at present
Flame detector and two kinds of ultraviolet flame detector.The same ultraviolet flame detector in infrared flame detector application place, but its
Sensing coverage is shorter, and capacity of resisting disturbance is weaker.
Content of the invention
For technical problem present in prior art, the invention provides a kind of flame identification based on ultraviolet phototube
Method, first passes through the response impulse interval that a kind of ultraviolet tube drive circuit obtains ultraviolet phototube, and calculates sample data
Several eigenvalues, the criteria for classification of these eigenvalues is that great number tested data trains gained on the spot, will be defeated for these eigenvalues
Enter in final criterion and then realize the identification of flame.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of flame based on ultraviolet phototube is known
Other method, step is as follows:
1), the acquisition at ultraviolet phototube response impulse interval
2), the calculating of eigenvalue
1., eigenvalue 1 computing formula:
Wherein, μ unit is millisecond, is data mean value, represents average pulse interval；xi: for ultraviolet pulse duration, for actual measurement
Value, unit is millisecond, and n is ultraviolet pulse duration data length；
2., eigenvalue 2 computing formula:
Wherein, cv is the coefficient of variation of data, reflects data set with standard deviation divided by a relative quantity being all worth to
Variation situation or dispersion degree, σ be ultraviolet pulse duration data standard poor, μ be data mean value；
3., eigenvalue 3 computing formula:
p=(max(xi)-min(xi))/min (xi)
P represents the extreme difference of data, characteristic；
4., eigenvalue 4 computing formula:
K is the kurtosis of data, dimensionless；
3), by the average in pulse spacing by uv energy be divided into by force, in, weak Three Estate, then in conjunction with difference
Other eigenvalues of uv energy grade, carry out flame identification to it；
Strong uv energy: closely flame or in-plant uviol lamp, its impulse response interval is shorter, data distribution from
Scattered degree is greater than stable uviol lamp energy, and uviol lamp interference is excluded by binding characteristic value 4；
Medium uv energy: for remote strong stability ultraviolet interference, be difficult to again pass through eigenvalue 2, eigenvalue 4 these
To be identified with respect to metric, and introduced feature value 3 is as distinguishing rule；
Weak uv energy: not only impulse response interval increases flame at a distance, and corresponding data feature values 3 also increase
Add, for rejecting sunlight interference, the upper limit is arranged to the pulse spacing；
4), the setting of sensitivity
Different grade of sensitivities correspond to different detection ranges, can carry out selecting to use according to site environment, for
Be positioned over the 15cm × 15cm of level ground, the normal heptane burned flame in the oil tray of a height of 5cm, one-level sensitivity farthest
Detection range is 40 meters, and the BURN-THROUGH RANGE of two grades of sensitivity is 35 meters, and the BURN-THROUGH RANGE of three-level sensitivity is 30 meters.
Further, the acquisition at ultraviolet phototube response impulse interval is gathered by ultraviolet tube drive circuit；Ultraviolet
Tube drive circuit adopts the booster circuit of reverse exciting topological structure, produces and drives high pressure needed for ultraviolet phototube；When flame ultraviolet
During light radiation minus plate, the electronics of negative electrode begins to flow；Begin under high pressure effect when the electronics of flowing is near anode
Accelerate, they with photocell in the ionizable gas molecule that is filled with collide；This collision will produce more electricity
Son, thus producing snowslide phenomenon, substantial amounts of electronics release can produce transient current from negative electrode to anode.
The flame identification method based on ultraviolet phototube of the present invention, overall algorithm is: first passes through reaction uv energy
Strong and weak characteristics of mean value is classified, and then selects different decision methods according to different classification results, in conjunction with sample
This coefficient of variation eigenvalue (dispersion), extreme difference value (discrete case) or kurtosis carry out last differentiation to it.
First pass through the response impulse interval that a kind of ultraviolet tube drive circuit obtains ultraviolet phototube, and calculate sample data
Several eigenvalues, the criteria for classification of these eigenvalues is that great number tested data trains gained on the spot, by these eigenvalues
It is input in final criterion and then realizes the identification of flame.It is also provided with three-level sensitivity in the method, no simultaneously
Same grade of sensitivity correspond to different BURN-THROUGH RANGEs and detects energy.There is fast response time, detection range remote, clever
The characteristics such as sensitivity scalable.Can be widely applied in various ultraviolet flame detection devices, therefore range is wide.The present invention is carried
Several eigenvalues going out sample data reflect the characteristic of flame, and average reflects that the power of uv energy, extreme difference reflect ultraviolet
The discrete case of energy, the coefficient of variation reflects the dispersion of the uv energy under exclusion distance factor, and kurtosis reflects purple
The fluctuation situation of outer energy.
Meanwhile, ultraviolet phototube can respond to the radiation in 185-260nm region, mainly short ultraviolet.When
When the radiation that flame comes reaches the minus plate of uv detector, the electronics of negative electrode begins to flow.When the electronics of flowing is near sun
Begin to during pole accelerate, they with photocell in the ionizable gas molecule that is filled with collide.This collision will be produced
Raw more electronics, thus produce snowslide phenomenon.This large amount of electronics release can produce transient current from negative electrode to anode.
Brief description
Fig. 1 be the present invention algorithm flow chart.
Fig. 2 is the ultraviolet pipe driver circuit schematic diagram of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
For the ease of it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Refer to
Fig. 2, the present invention adopts the booster circuit of inverse-excitation type (f1yback) topological structure, produces and drives high pressure needed for ultraviolet phototube
(276v), this circuit of reversed excitation is autoexcitation mode, and in Fig. 2, c56, c57 are storage capacitor, two ends no pressure reduction at the beginning of upper electricity, i.e. electricity
Appearance upper end is low level, and low level is reversed high level after not gate u4a, and this high level is added in audion q2 base stage, thus
Audion q2 is led to turn on, its transmitting extremely high level after q2 conducting, make the high electricity of q3 base stage after resistance r43, r57 partial pressure
Flat, thus q3 conducting.Meanwhile, after upper electricity, electric capacity c56, c57 pass through resistance r41, d12 charging, and electric capacity is changed into full of its upper end rear
High level, high level is reversed low level after not gate u4a, then audion q2 cut-off, q2 cut-off then q3 base stage low level, from
And q3 cut-off.Electric capacity can be gradually discharged after fully charged, and its upper end becomes low level again again, after not gate u4a, audion q2 again
So that q3 is turned on, so move in circles, q3, with certain frequency switching, produces pulse signal and forms driving source.
This action of low-voltage pulse driving source acts on transformer primary side, just produces high-voltage pulse, high-voltage pulse in transformer secondary
Diode d11 anode is coupled to by electric capacity c52, then through high-voltage capacitance c54, r45, c55 filtering, forms high voltage direct current
Pressure, about 270v, ultraviolet phototube is acted on by resistance r48.
When flame ultraviolet radiation minus plate, the electronics of negative electrode begins to flow.When the electronics of flowing is near anode
Begin to accelerate under high pressure effect, they with photocell in the ionizable gas molecule that is filled with collide.This touch
Hit and will produce more electronics, thus producing snowslide phenomenon.This large amount of electronics release can produce wink from negative electrode to anode
When electric current.
Eigenvalue 1 computing formula:
Wherein, μ unit is millisecond, is data mean value, represents average pulse interval；xi: for ultraviolet pulse duration, for actual measurement
Value, unit is millisecond, and n is ultraviolet pulse duration data length.Here, the meansigma methodss of data are the equispaced of response impulse,
Reflect the degree of strength of uv energy.For in-plant flame or uviol lamp, its pulse spacing average is less, with distance
Increase, the pulse spacing also gradually increases.
Eigenvalue 2 computing formula:
Wherein, cv is the coefficient of variation of data, reflects data set with standard deviation divided by a relative quantity being all worth to
Variation situation or dispersion degree, the advantage of the coefficient of variation is that as a characteristic, can be with comparison measuring unit
The difference of the dispersion degree between different data sets, represented here as the impact eliminating detection range, after all in actual measurement
When, it is the placement distance that cannot learn interference source or burning things which may cause a fire disaster.σ is that ultraviolet pulse duration data standard is poor, and μ is data mean value.
Eigenvalue 3 computing formula: p=(max (xi)-min(xi))/min (xi)
P represents the extreme difference of data, characteristic.Extreme difference calculating is fairly simple, can reflect data set to a certain extent
Discrete case, but because what maximum and minima all took is extreme, without other data item in the middle of considering, therefore often
Affected truly to reflect the discrete case of data by abnormity point.
Eigenvalue 4 computing formula:
K is the kurtosis of data, dimensionless.Kurtosis weighs the kurtosis of real number stochastic variable probability distribution, and kurtosis higher position is meaned
Variance increase is to be caused more than or less than the extreme difference of meansigma methodss by low-frequency degree.
As shown in figure 1, first pass through overflow flag (flag) most sunlight interference, self-excitation interference are excluded.
And this spilling threshold value by test data the empirical value that obtains of training.
According to simulation training result, because in-plant uviol lamp energy is more steady, its coefficient of variation and flame
With remote uviol lamp, there is obvious classification, therefore first determine whether this eigenvalue, by some stable strong ultraviolet wastewaters
Amount interference is excluded.
In decision method, first pass through the average in pulse spacing by uv energy be divided into by force, in, weak Three Estate,
Then in conjunction with other eigenvalues of different uv energy grades, flame identification is carried out to it.
Strong uv energy: closely flame or in-plant uviol lamp, its impulse response interval is shorter, but data distribution
Dispersion degree is greater than stable uviol lamp energy, therefore this eigenvalue of binding characteristic value 4 can be arranged uviol lamp interference
Remove.
Medium uv energy: for remote strong stability ultraviolet interference, be difficult to again pass through eigenvalue 2, eigenvalue 4 these
To be identified with respect to metric.Therefore here introduced feature value 3 as distinguishing rule.
Weak uv energy: not only impulse response interval increases flame at a distance, and corresponding data feature values 3 also increase
Add.For rejecting sunlight interference, the upper limit is arranged to the pulse spacing.
For adapting to the application of various occasions, the warning performance of lift system, it is provided with three-level sensitivity for this algorithm.Different
Grade of sensitivity correspond to different detection ranges, can according to site environment carry out select use.For being positioned over flatly
15cm × the 15cm in face, the normal heptane burned flame in the oil tray of a height of 5cm.The BURN-THROUGH RANGE of one-level sensitivity is 40
Rice, the BURN-THROUGH RANGE of two grades of sensitivity is 35 meters, and the BURN-THROUGH RANGE of three-level sensitivity is 30 meters.
One-level sensitivity: the sensitivity level highest of one-level sensitivity, the alarm time of system is very fast, simultaneously to purple
Outer energy interference also has relatively low immunocompetence, and system is easier to wrong report phenomenon.Be applied to alarm response require higher,
The place of no uv energy interference, such as: nobody stands fast at for a long time warehouse, darkroom etc..
Two grades of sensitivity are the common grade relatively often using, and system alarm response time is long compared with one-level sensitivity level, but
Some stronger uv energy interference can be filtered, there is certain anti-wrong report ability.
Three-level sensitivity is minimum sensitivity level, has stronger anti-wrong report ability, but alarm time simultaneously
Longer it is adaptable to have the place that more uv energy disturbs, such as: station, airport etc..
Above content is only the design example to the present invention and explanation, affiliated those skilled in the art
Described specific embodiment is made with various modifications or supplements or substituted using similar mode, without departing from invention
Design or surmount scope defined in the claims, protection scope of the present invention all should be belonged to.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of flame identification method based on ultraviolet phototube, is characterized in that step is as follows:
1), the acquisition at ultraviolet phototube response impulse interval
2), the calculating of eigenvalue
1., eigenvalue 1 computing formula:
Wherein, μ unit is millisecond, is data mean value, represents average pulse interval；xi: for ultraviolet pulse duration, it is measured value, single
Position is millisecond, and n is ultraviolet pulse duration data length；
2., eigenvalue 2 computing formula:
Wherein, cv is the coefficient of variation of data, reflects the change of data set divided by a relative quantity being all worth to standard deviation
Different situation or dispersion degree, σ is that ultraviolet pulse duration data standard is poor, and μ is data mean value；
3., eigenvalue 3 computing formula:
P=(max (xi)-min(xi))/min(xi)
P represents the extreme difference of data, characteristic；
xi: for ultraviolet pulse duration；
4., eigenvalue 4 computing formula:
K is the kurtosis of data, dimensionless；
xi: for ultraviolet pulse duration；
μ is data mean value, and unit is millisecond；
3), by the average in pulse spacing by uv energy be divided into by force, in, weak Three Estate, then in conjunction with different ultraviolets
Other eigenvalues of energy grade, carry out flame identification to it；
Strong uv energy: closely flame or in-plant uviol lamp, its impulse response interval is shorter, the discrete journey of data distribution
Degree is greater than stable uviol lamp energy, and uviol lamp interference is excluded by binding characteristic value 4；
Medium uv energy: for the interference of remote strong stability ultraviolet, be difficult to pass through again eigenvalue 2, eigenvalue 4 these relatively
Metric is being identified, and introduced feature value 3 is as distinguishing rule；
Weak uv energy: not only impulse response interval increases flame at a distance, and corresponding data feature values 3 also greatly increase
, for rejecting sunlight interference, the upper limit is arranged to the pulse spacing；
4), the setting of sensitivity
Different grade of sensitivities correspond to different detection ranges, can carry out selecting to use according to site environment, for placement
Normal heptane burned flame in the 15cm × 15cm of level ground, the oil tray of a height of 5cm, the farthest detection of one-level sensitivity
Distance is 40 meters, and the BURN-THROUGH RANGE of two grades of sensitivity is 35 meters, and the BURN-THROUGH RANGE of three-level sensitivity is 30 meters.
2. the flame identification method based on ultraviolet phototube according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: ultraviolet phototube ring
The acquisition answering the pulse spacing is gathered by ultraviolet tube drive circuit；Ultraviolet tube drive circuit adopts reverse exciting topological structure
Booster circuit, produces and drives high pressure needed for ultraviolet phototube；When flame ultraviolet radiation minus plate, the electronics of negative electrode begins to
Flowing；Begin to accelerate under high pressure effect when the electronics of flowing is near anode, they with photocell in be filled with can be from
The gas molecule of sonization collides；This collision will produce more electronics, thus producing snowslide phenomenon, substantial amounts of electronics is released
Put and can produce transient current from negative electrode to anode.
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| CN112634576A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-04-09 | 国网辽宁省电力有限公司检修分公司 | Method for identifying high and large space of red and ultraviolet double-identification intelligent smoke sensing identification device in valve hall |
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| CN102779389A (en) * | 2012-07-19 | 2012-11-14 | 上海电控研究所 | Single ultraviolet phototube optical detector for fire detection at high temperature |
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| CN102779389A (en) * | 2012-07-19 | 2012-11-14 | 上海电控研究所 | Single ultraviolet phototube optical detector for fire detection at high temperature |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| Automatic Fire Detection System Using Adaptive Fusion Algorithm for Fire Fighting Robot;Kuo L.Su;《IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics》;20061011;第2卷;第966-971页 * |
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Address after: 230000 No. 13 Tianhu Road, Hefei High-tech Zone, Anhui Province Patentee after: Hefei Kedalian Safety Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 230000 No. 13 Tianhu Road, Hefei High-tech Zone, Anhui Province Patentee before: Hefei KDLi'an Safety Technology Co., Ltd. |
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